CN100348093C - Jujube tree breeding technology - Google Patents
Jujube tree breeding technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN100348093C CN100348093C CNB2004100599334A CN200410059933A CN100348093C CN 100348093 C CN100348093 C CN 100348093C CN B2004100599334 A CNB2004100599334 A CN B2004100599334A CN 200410059933 A CN200410059933 A CN 200410059933A CN 100348093 C CN100348093 C CN 100348093C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a breeding technology for jujube trees, which is characterized in that the fallen sexual branches of jujube trees are used as breeding materials. After the roots of the fallen sexual branches are immersed by auxins and auxin potentiator solution, the fallen sexual branches are inserted in a protective ground environment in a greenhouse or a plastic large shed in a cuttage manner, which causes the basal parts of the fallen sexual branches to generate calluses. Adventitious roots differentiate from the calluses, and then complete plants differentiate from the adventitious roots. The present invention overcomes the defects of the existing various methods for the culture of the seedlings of jujube trees. The economical, practical and low cost breeding technology for jujube trees, which is suitable for the mass production of good quality jujube tree seedlings, is realized by using the fallen sexual branches. After popularized and used, the present invention possibly thoroughly solves the 'bottleneck' problem of the quantity and the quality of seedlings in the development of jujube trees.
Description
Affiliated field
The invention belongs to forestry sapling multiplication technical field, is a kind of method that is specifically designed to the jujube tree breeding specifically.
Background technology
Over the past thousands of years, the people jujube tree of planting all adopts the way of the plant division of being completely cured to obtain the nature tillered nursery plant, because it is few and of poor quality to adopt this method to obtain nursery stock quantity, survival rate is low after the field planting, therefore, the quality and quantity of nursery stock is " bottleneck " of development jujube tree always, since the last century the eighties, in order to break through this " bottleneck ", scientific and technical personnel have successively adopted root turion budling Gui Pu to grow seedlings, stem-tip tissue is cultivated and to be grown seedlings, and utilizes stock grafting experimental study such as grow seedlings, and has carried out experimental studies such as cuttage and seedling culture in recent years again.The application of these achievements in research on producing effectively promoted the jujube tree seedling-wood breeding, to alleviate nursery stock in short supply play a part certain, but because existing seedling-cultivating method all respectively has advantage, its limitation is also respectively arranged, thereby " bottleneck " problem still exists: traditional plant division of being completely cured nursery stock quantity that obtains of growing seedlings is few, of poor quality, survival rate is low after the field planting, poor growth; The root turion budling Gui Pu nursery stock that obtains of growing seedlings makes moderate progress than the seedling quality that traditional offshoot of being completely cured obtains, but the nursery stock that obtains with group training seedling method specific mass is obviously not good enough mutually, and a large amount of root turion budlings gathers difficulty, can't breed in a large number; The seedling root prosperity that the way of employing group cultivation seedling obtains, the planting survival rates height, it is vigorous to grow, the drought resisting cold tolerance is strong, and tangible quantity and quality-advantage are arranged, but group is cultivated the equipment complexity that seedling needs, operating technology requires high, need to consume great amount of manpower, electric power and chemicals, seedling cost is too high, is difficult to use on a large scale; Adopt stock grafting to grow seedlings and to obtain a large amount of nursery stocks, but the nursery stock region adaptability that obtains because of factors, particularly grafting such as region adaptability, graft survival rate, the recruitment of stock are many is relatively poor, is often freezed to death in winter, so still can't use on a large scale; The test of the cuttage and seedling culture carried out in recent years, seedling cost is low, the seedling quality of acquisition is good, the nursery stock that can obtain with group training method is than beautiful, but because of a large amount of jujube head of needs and branch as propagating materials, thereby adopt the fringe difficulty, also be difficult to large-scale promotion; The calendar year 2001 disclosed Inner Mongol on December 26 packet header comrade's Wang Fuxi of biology department of college of education patent of invention (publication number CN1327718A) is cultivated the cultivation stage that the seedling process has taken down laboratory with original group, saved great amount of manpower, electric power, carbohydrate and agar etc., greatly reduce contaminated possibility, thereby reduced seedling cost, but in essence, this method remains a kind of method of cuttage and seedling culture, just with plugged ear with MS medium immersion treatment after again cuttage in matrix, and the plugged ear Cheng Miaohou of cuttage then may not obtain plugged ear more from it, want breeding in a year and still will go up a large amount of jujube head and the branches of clip several times from other tree, still there is the problem of " adopting the fringe difficulty " in this process, therefore carry out the jujube tree seedling propagation on a large scale with this technology, still inconvenient.For many years, the farming of numerous scientific workers and jujube is wished to obtain a kind of economical and practical and can be used for extensive, as to produce the jujube tree high quality seedling in enormous quantities method.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the defective that will overcome existing multiple jujube tree seedling-cultivating method; provide a kind of by utilize that the deciduous branch realizes economical and practical, cheaply, be applicable to the jujube tree propagation method of large-scale production high-quality date sapling wood, thoroughly solve " bottleneck " problem of the quality and quantity of nursery stock in the jujube tree development.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of jujube tree propagation method; it is characterized in that using the deciduous branch of jujube tree as propagating materials; behind growth hormone and growth hormone synergist solution immersion root; cuttage makes deciduous branch base portion produce callus in greenhouse or plastic tunnel protection ground environment, differentiates adventive root from callus; be divided into complete plant again; above growth hormone and growth hormone synergist are modulated at in a kind of mixed solution, and be according to employed growth hormone, formulated by following raw material and weight ratio:
Proportioning 1:
Indolebutyric acid 30-200 part hydrochloric acid sulphur ammonium 1-2 part hydrochloric acid pyrrole zinc 0.2-1 part of trembling
Nicotinic acid 0.2-1 part glycine 2-4 part inositol 10-20 part
200000 parts in vitamin h 0.01-0.02 part water
Proportioning 2:
Methyl 50-300 part hydrochloric acid sulphur ammonium 1-2 part hydrochloric acid pyrrole zinc 0.2-1 part of trembling
Nicotinic acid 0.2-1 part glycine 2-4 part creatine 10-20 part
200000 parts in vitamin h 0.01-0.02 part water
Proportioning 3:
Indolebutyric acid 30-200 part methyl 50-300 part hydrochloric acid sulphur ammonium 1-2 part
Hydrochloric acid pyrrole zinc 0.2-1 part nicotinic acid 0.2-1 part glycine 2-4 part of trembling
200000 parts in inositol 10-20 part vitamin h 0.01-0.02 part water
More than in three kinds of proportionings other composition except that growth hormone indolebutyric acid and naa be the growth hormone synergist, their concentration in three kinds of prescriptions is identical.Evidence only plays a driving role to taking root with the growth hormone acting in conjunction time not having to use separately under the situation of growth hormone or mix to use all do not have obvious facilitation to taking root.
Good effect of the present invention is the defective that has overcome existing multiple jujube tree seedling-cultivating method; found a kind of economical and practical method of large-scale production jujube tree high quality seedling; compare with original state-of-the-art group of cultivation seedling-growing method; be equivalent to replace the test tube propagating materials in the laboratory with the plant in field; use river sand; vermiculite; matrix such as perlite have replaced medium; replaced the test tube environment with the plastic warm canopy; replaced light with daylight; promptly have group cultivate seedling can prolific advantage; having Gui Pu again grows seedlings; the advantage that the cuttage and seedling culture cost is low; the production cost of the little jujube seedling of high-quality that every plant height is 20 centimetres is reduced to 0.15 yuan by 1 yuan that organizes the production of training method, is expected to thoroughly solve " bottleneck " problem of jujube tree nursery stock after this technology is promoted.If seeding row spacing is all pressed 5 centimetres density cuttage, 6000 strains of can growing seedlings of 15 square metres seedbed, next year moves on to the seedling that 1 mu of ground can be satisfied in the land for growing field crops.
Embodiment
The deciduous branch of jujube tree (claim again that jujube hangs, fruit bearing shoot or deciduous fruit bearing shoot) is that jujube tree blossoms and bears fruit and comes into leaves and carries out photosynthetic interim organ, can form an inflorescence between each axil of this branch, can yield positive results.This branch can thickening growth in the process of growth of jujube tree.Break up out annual spring, and autumn, fallen leaves back nature came off from maternal plant along with the maturation of jujube fruit and the reduction of temperature, because that the blade overwhelming majority of jujube tree will go up from the deciduous branch is born, thereby this class branch enormous amount.
In protections such as greenhouse by solar heat or plastic tunnel ground environment, set up the bed of growing seedlings, at a upper berth thickness of growing seedlings is that 6 centimetres materials such as river sand, vermiculite or perlite are as matrix, with the deciduous branch of jujube tree as propagating materials, behind certain density growth hormone and growth hormone synergist solution immersion root certain hour, cuttage is in protection ground environment such as greenhouse or plastic tunnel, relative air humidity remained on 90 °～100 ° in preceding 20 days, reduce gradually later on, threw off little shed to 30 days, it is moistening that soil humidity keeps; Temperature is to be not less than 15 ° night, 25～35 ° of daytimes; Illumination is preceding 10 days maintenance 0.6～1.2 ten thousand LUX, keeps 2～30,000 LUX on the 10th～20 day, and is ascending after 20 days, the complete sunlight direct projection to 30 days.
Management through about 13 days, make deciduous branch base portion produce callus, continue to manage about 20 days, differentiate adventive root from callus, (great majority are that the base portion with the deciduous branch is the radial adventive root at center, it is one or two roots that small part is also arranged), because the deciduous branch promptly can not be taken out and bear the secondary branch, again can not thickening growth, after adventive root grew into certain length and diameter, the leaf look of acrial part became dark green, the blade thickening, blade is little spoon shape, near the under ground portion generation adventive root attachment region " warty tissue ", and as generation is root more than two, " warty tissue " is mostly on the cane of deciduous branch, as what produce is an adventive root, and then " warty tissue " often produces on adventive root, sprouts from " warty tissue " differentiation again, and then take out by bud again and bear cane, cane differentiates blade and branch after growing ground, thereby becomes complete plant, and this stylish branch bar has replaced original deciduous branch.So far, the deciduous branch has been finished mission, can manually it be wiped out or degenerate naturally when surviving the winter to come off.
Embodiment 1:
1, do the seedbed: in through the protection of the plastic tunnel behind whole ground, weeding, organic fertilizer ground, set up long 20 meters, wide 1 meter seedbed, after seedbed soil fully flattens press polish, spread thickness and be 6 centimetres coarse grain river sand, with and with its strickling.
2, with the hydrochloric acid pyrrole of the indolebutyric acid of aquae destillata or cold water preparation 150PPM, hydrochloric acid sulphur ammonium that concentration is 10PPM, the 1PPM zinc of trembling,, the nicotinic acid of 5PPM,, the vitamin h mixed solution of the inositol of the glycine of 20PPM, 50PPM, 0.1PPM is standby.
3, (Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province is that early June is to mid-June in the period of jujube tree deciduous branch semi-lignified, other place is owing to the reason of temperature has difference) harvesting jujube tree deciduous branch, pluck 2-3 blade of base portion, rest blade is answered intact preservation, every 50-100 is a bundle, and root is neatly tied up (noting not damaged blade) with rubber band.
4, the deciduous ramose root portion that will tie up immerses in the growth hormone and growth hormone synergist mixed solution for preparing, and the degree of depth is 4 centimetres, soaks 40 minutes.
5, spill kettle or shower nozzle the river sand on the seedbed squirted with pore after, press seeding row spacing jack on the seedbed of 5 * 5 centimetres with No. 8 iron wires, 4 centimetres of the degree of depth, the deciduous stem cutting that to handle well with above mixed liquid dipping is in the hole, water spray or watering then, river sand is closely contacted with the root of deciduous branch, spray 1000 times thiophanate methyl or carbendazim at last.
6, the seedbed is buckled little shed insulation, light modulation, damping.
7, control environment condition and sterilization nursing:
A humidity: relative air humidity kept 90 ° in preceding 20 days, reduced gradually later on, threw off little shed to 30 days.Moistening the getting final product of the general maintenance of soil humidity be must guard against ponding and become waterlogging.
The B temperature: be not less than 15 degree night, spend daytimes 25.
C illumination: keep 1.2 ten thousand LUX in preceding 10 days, kept 30,000 LUX in 10-20 days, ascending after 20 days, adapt to gradually, suitable shading at noon, sunlight direct projection sooner or later, complete sunlight direct projection entered the normal management stage in the booth until 30 days.
D uses 1000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl to spray the seedbed once weekly
E can carry out spray leaf fertilizer after the 10th day, and per 7 days once.The fruit tree leaves leaven is a lot, but can spray 0.4% urea liquid for reducing cost, and sprays 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate autumn.Generally speaking, began to occur callus on the 8th day, see root on the 15th day and began growth, when left and right sides root system length was to 10-20 centimetre in 50 days, differentiate mung bean size warty tissue in the vicinity of root attachment region, warty tissue differentiation is sprouted and is further taken out living cane and grow ground exhibition leaf, and continued growth has formed complete plant.Oneself degenerate when at this moment can cut off the deciduous branch artificially or let alone to grow etc. survived the winter, during beginning of spring next year, the seedling that the deciduous branch can be bred moves on to the land for growing field crops and carries out the routine cultivation.
Embodiment 2:
1, with embodiment 1;
2, with the hydrochloric acid pyrrole of the indolebutyric acid of aquae destillata or cold water preparation 1000PPM, hydrochloric acid sulphur ammonium that concentration is 5PPM, the 5PPM zinc of trembling,, the nicotinic acid of 1PPM,, the vitamin h mixed solution of the inositol of the glycine of 20PPM, 100PPM, 0.1PPM is standby;
3, with embodiment 1;
4, the deciduous ramose root portion that will tie up immerses in the growth hormone solution for preparing, and the degree of depth is 4 centimetres, soaks 50 minutes.
5, with embodiment 1;
6, with embodiment 1;
7 control environment condition and sterilization nursing:
A humidity: relative air humidity kept 100% in preceding 20 days, reduced gradually later on, threw off little shed to 30 days.Moistening the getting final product of the general maintenance of soil humidity be must guard against ponding and become waterlogging.
The B temperature: spend nights 25, and spend daytimes 35.
C illumination: keep 0.6 ten thousand LUX in preceding 10 days, kept 20,000 LUX in 10-20 days, ascending after 20 days, adapt to gradually, suitable shading at noon, sunlight direct projection sooner or later, complete sunlight direct projection entered the normal management stage in the booth until 30 days.
D uses 1000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl to spray the seedbed once weekly
E can carry out spray leaf fertilizer after the 10th day, and per 7 days once.The fruit tree leaves leaven is a lot, but can spray 0.4% urea liquid for reducing cost, and sprays 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate autumn.Generally speaking, began to occur callus on the 8th day, see root on the 15th day and began growth, when left and right sides root system length was to 10-20 centimetre in 50 days, differentiate mung bean size warty tissue in the vicinity of root attachment region, warty tissue differentiation is sprouted and is further taken out living cane and grow ground exhibition leaf, and continued growth has formed complete plant.Oneself degenerate when at this moment can cut off the deciduous branch artificially or let alone to grow etc. survived the winter, during beginning of spring next year, the seedling that the deciduous branch can be bred moves on to the land for growing field crops and carries out the routine cultivation.
Embodiment 3,
1, with embodiment 1;
2, with the hydrochloric acid pyrrole of the indolebutyric acid of aquae destillata or cold water preparation 600PPM, hydrochloric acid sulphur ammonium that concentration is 5PPM, the 1PPM zinc of trembling,, the nicotinic acid of 1PPM,, the vitamin h mixed solution of the inositol of the glycine of 20PPM, 100PPM, 0.05PPM is standby.
3, with embodiment 1;
4, the deciduous ramose root portion that will tie up immerses in the growth hormone solution for preparing, and the degree of depth is 4 centimetres, soaks 80 minutes.
5, with embodiment 1;
6, with embodiment 1;
7, with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4:
1, with embodiment 1;
2, standby with tremble growth hormone and the growth hormone synergist mixed solution of zinc 5PPM, nicotinic acid 5PPM, glycine 10PPM, inositol 50PPM, vitamin h 0.1PPM of aquae destillata or cold water preparation indolebutyric acid 400PPM, hydrochloric acid sulphur ammonium 10PPM, hydrochloric acid pyrrole.
3, with embodiment 1;
4, the deciduous ramose root portion that will tie up immerses in the growth hormone solution for preparing, and the degree of depth is 4 centimetres, soaks 30 minutes.
5, with embodiment 1;
6, with embodiment 1;
7, with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 5,
1, with embodiment 1;
2, with the hydrochloric acid pyrrole of the methyl of aquae destillata or cold water preparation 250PPM, hydrochloric acid sulphur ammonium that concentration is 5PPM, the 1PPM zinc of trembling,, the nicotinic acid of 1PPM,, the vitamin h mixed solution of the inositol of the glycine of 10PPM, 50PPM, 0.05PPM is standby.
3, with embodiment 1;
4, the deciduous ramose root portion that will tie up immerses in the growth hormone solution for preparing, and the degree of depth is 4 centimetres, soaks 30 minutes.
5, with embodiment 1;
6, with embodiment 1;
7, with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 6,
1, with embodiment 1;
2, with the hydrochloric acid pyrrole of the methyl of aquae destillata or cold water preparation 1500PPM, hydrochloric acid sulphur ammonium that concentration is 10PPM, the 5PPM zinc of trembling,, the nicotinic acid of 5PPM,, the vitamin h mixed solution of the inositol of the glycine of 20PPM, 100PPM, 0.1PPM is standby.
3, with embodiment 1;
4, the deciduous ramose root portion that will tie up immerses in the growth hormone solution for preparing, and the degree of depth is 4 centimetres, soaks 80 minutes.
5, with embodiment 1;
6, with embodiment 1;
6, with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 7,
1, with embodiment 1;
2, with the hydrochloric acid pyrrole of the methyl of aquae destillata or cold water preparation 900PPM, hydrochloric acid sulphur ammonium that concentration is 5PPM, the 1PPM zinc of trembling,, the nicotinic acid of 1PPM,, the vitamin h mixed solution of the inositol of the glycine of 10PPM, 50PPM, 0.05PPM is standby.
3, with embodiment 1;
4, the deciduous ramose root portion that will tie up immerses in the growth hormone solution for preparing, and the degree of depth is 4 centimetres, soaks 30 minutes.
5, with embodiment 1;
6, with embodiment 1;
7, with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 8,
1, with embodiment 1;
2, with the hydrochloric acid pyrrole of the methyl of aquae destillata or cold water preparation 1000PPM, hydrochloric acid sulphur ammonium that concentration is 5PPM, the 1PPM zinc of trembling,, the nicotinic acid of 1PPM,, the vitamin h mixed solution of the inositol of the glycine of 10PPM, 50PPM, 0.05PPM is standby.
3, with embodiment 1;
4, the deciduous ramose root portion that will tie up immerses in the growth hormone solution for preparing, and the degree of depth is 4 centimetres, soaks 30 minutes.
5, with embodiment 1;
6, with embodiment 1;
7, with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 9,
1, with embodiment 1;
2, with the hydrochloric acid pyrrole of the methyl of the indolebutyric acid of aquae destillata or cold water preparation 400PPM, 300PPM, hydrochloric acid sulphur ammonium that concentration is 10PPM, the 5PPM zinc of trembling,, 15PPM nicotinic acid,, the vitamin h mixed solution of the inositol of the glycine of 10PPM, 50PPM, 0.1PPM is standby.
3, with embodiment 1;
4, the deciduous ramose root portion that will tie up immerses in the growth hormone solution for preparing, and the degree of depth is 4 centimetres, soaks 30 minutes.
5, with embodiment 1;
6, with embodiment 1;
7, with embodiment 2.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of jujube tree propagation method; with the deciduous branch of jujube tree as propagating materials; behind the mixed solution immersion root with growth hormone and growth hormone synergist; cuttage is in greenhouse or plastic tunnel protection ground environment; make deciduous branch base portion produce callus; differentiate adventive root from callus, be divided into complete plant again, the mixed solution that it is characterized in that above-mentioned growth hormone and growth hormone synergist is formulated by following raw material and weight ratio:
Indolebutyric acid 30-200 part hydrochloric acid sulphur ammonium 1-2 part hydrochloric acid pyrrole zinc 0.2-1 part of trembling
Nicotinic acid 0.2-1 part glycine 2-4 part inositol 10-20 part
200000 parts in vitamin h 0.01-0.02 part water.
2, jujube tree propagation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described indolebutyric acid is 80-120 part.
3, a kind of jujube tree propagation method; with the deciduous branch of jujube tree as propagating materials; behind the mixed solution immersion root with growth hormone and growth hormone synergist; cuttage is in greenhouse or plastic tunnel protection ground environment; make deciduous branch base portion produce callus; differentiate adventive root from callus, be divided into complete plant again, the mixed solution that it is characterized in that described growth hormone and growth hormone synergist is formulated by following raw material and weight ratio:
Methyl 50-300 part hydrochloric acid sulphur ammonium 1-2 part hydrochloric acid pyrrole zinc 0.2-1 part of trembling
Nicotinic acid 0.2-1 part glycine 2-4 part creatine 10-20 part
200000 parts in vitamin h 0.01-0.02 part water.
4, jujube tree propagation method according to claim 3 is characterized in that described methyl is 180-200 part.
5, a kind of jujube tree propagation method; with the deciduous branch of jujube tree as propagating materials; behind the mixed solution immersion root with growth hormone and growth hormone synergist; cuttage is in greenhouse or plastic tunnel protection ground environment; make deciduous branch base portion produce callus; differentiate adventive root from callus, be divided into complete plant again, the mixed solution that it is characterized in that described growth hormone and growth hormone synergist is formulated by following raw material and weight ratio:
Indolebutyric acid 30-200 part methyl 50-300 part hydrochloric acid sulphur ammonium 1-2 part
Hydrochloric acid pyrrole zinc 0.2-1 part nicotinic acid 0.2-1 part glycine 2-4 part of trembling
200000 parts in inositol 10-20 part vitamin h 0.01-0.02 part water.
6, jujube tree propagation method according to claim 5 is characterized in that described indolebutyric acid is 100 parts, and methyl is 60 parts.
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| CNB2004100599334A CN100348093C (en) | 2004-06-21 | 2004-06-21 | Jujube tree breeding technology |
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| CN102396334A (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2012-04-04 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Diversifolious poplar root pruning tillering asexual propagation method |
| CN106211956A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-12-14 | 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 | Easy Guizhou Mountain Fructus Mangifera Indicae bare-root seeding field planting method |
| CN107318566A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-11-07 | 安徽金源农林专业合作社 | Jujube tree cottage method |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 枣树绿枝全光照弥雾扦插育苗试验 王当山等.山东林业科技，第4期 1992 * |
| 苹果枣单芽嫩枝扦插速繁技术 徐兆义等.落叶果树，第2期 2003 * |
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