CN100339348C - 制备二苯甲酮的方法 - Google Patents
制备二苯甲酮的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 hydroxy, methoxy Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- KCIZTNZGSBSSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5-Trimethoxytoluene Chemical compound COC1=CC(C)=CC(OC)=C1OC KCIZTNZGSBSSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000001263 acyl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GETTZEONDQJALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC=C1 GETTZEONDQJALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005708 carbonyloxy group Chemical group [*:2]OC([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-IDEBNGHGSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical group Cl[13C]1=[13CH][13CH]=[13CH][13CH]=[13CH]1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-IDEBNGHGSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000005196 alkyl carbonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000008366 benzophenones Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- AMSPWOYQQAWRRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N metrafenone Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(Br)C(C)=C1C(=O)C1=C(C)C=C(OC)C(OC)=C1OC AMSPWOYQQAWRRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPHBTTLZNXTYMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-bromo-6-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-(2,3,4-trimethoxy-6-methylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(C)=C1C(=O)C1=C(O)C=CC(Br)=C1C CPHBTTLZNXTYMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMZPOOMKGJKAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-chloro-6-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-(2,3,4-trimethoxy-6-methylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(C)=C1C(=O)C1=C(O)C=CC(Cl)=C1C ZMZPOOMKGJKAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEMRAKSQROQPBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (trichloromethyl)benzene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 XEMRAKSQROQPBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPZXFICWCMCQPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbenzoyl chloride Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C(Cl)=O GPZXFICWCMCQPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JILBQCHQAVIIFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)Cl)C(=O)C2=C(C(=C(C=C2C)OC)OC)OC Chemical compound CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)Cl)C(=O)C2=C(C(=C(C=C2C)OC)OC)OC JILBQCHQAVIIFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical class [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JBZRLVKMCLOFLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=S=Cl Chemical compound O=S=Cl JBZRLVKMCLOFLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007171 acid catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NCGZEDNLKQZZRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl dichloride;thionyl dichloride Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O.ClS(Cl)=O NCGZEDNLKQZZRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005826 halohydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
- C07C51/363—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by introduction of halogen; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/45—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by condensation
- C07C45/46—Friedel-Crafts reactions
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/64—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by introduction of functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form
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- C07C45/78—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C45/81—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
- C07C49/76—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C49/84—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/58—Preparation of carboxylic acid halides
- C07C51/60—Preparation of carboxylic acid halides by conversion of carboxylic acids or their anhydrides or esters, lactones, salts into halides with the same carboxylic acid part
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Abstract
公开了一种通过使式Ⅱ的酰氯与3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯反应而制备式Ⅰ的二苯甲酮的方法,式Ⅰ中X可以代表氯、羟基、甲氧基或C1-C6烷基羰氧基,Y代表氯或溴,式Ⅱ中X和Y如上所定义。该方法的特征在于在下列组分a)和b)存在下在条件c)下进行反应:a)作为稀释剂的芳族烃,和b)基于酰氯为0.01—0.2mol%的铁催化剂,c)温度在60℃和特定稀释剂的沸点之间。
Description
本发明涉及一种通过使式II的酰氯与3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯反应而制备式I的二苯甲酮的方法,
式I中X可以为氯、羟基、甲氧基或C1-C6烷基羰氧基,Y可以为氯或溴,
式II中X和Y如上所定义,
该方法包括在下列组分a)和b)存在下在条件c)下进行反应:
a)作为稀释剂的芳族烃,和
b)基于酰氯为0.01-0.2mol%的铁催化剂,
c)温度在60℃和特定稀释剂的沸点之间。
式I的二苯甲酮由EP-A 897 904公开。在此文献中使用化学计算量的氯化铝或五氧化二磷进行弗瑞德-克来福特酰化。所用稀释剂是低沸点物质如二氯甲烷或苯。该程序的技术实现产生许多问题。特别显著的缺点是含水处理和不可避免地出现大量含铝或磷的废水。
WO 01/51440描述了一种制备二苯甲酮I的方法,该方法在氯化铁(III)和大量的石墨存在下进行。所用稀释剂为1,2-二氯乙烷。分离的二苯甲酮的产率仅为约72%。石墨的除去也需要额外的过滤步骤。
本发明的目的是提供一种在经济上可行且具有选择性的制备二苯甲酮I的方法,该方法采用催化量的弗瑞德-克来福特催化剂进行操作并且同时产生高时空产率。
现已意外地发现当在下列组分a)和b)存在下在条件c)下进行反应时可以避免现有技术中存在的缺点:
a)芳族烃,和
b)基于酰氯为0.01-0.2mol%的铁催化剂,
c)温度在60℃和特定稀释剂的沸点之间。
所用铁催化剂通常为精细研磨的铁粉或铁(III)盐。优选氧化铁(III),特别优选氯化铁(III)。
有用的稀释剂是在反应条件下呈惰性的高沸点芳族烃,例如氯苯、三氟甲苯和硝基苯。特别优选卤代芳族烃,尤其是氯苯。
使用较高沸点稀释剂还具有这样的优点,即在反应中形成的盐酸可以使用优选通过反应混合物的惰性气流除去,而不导致显著的稀释剂损失。由制备实施例可以看出,可以通过惰性气体汽提而大大缩短反应时间。这即使采用非常低如低于0.1mol%的催化剂量可以实现10小时以下的反应时间,而不必承受较大的产率损失。有用的惰性气体有稀有气体如氩、空气和优选氮气。优选使惰性气流通过反应混合物。例如实现气体颗粒在反应混合物中的非常精细的分布是有利的。这例如借助喷嘴或喷射环实现,并且这些装置有利地安装在搅拌器之下。通过反应混合物的气体量尤其取决于批料大小。每摩尔酰氯引入至多5l/h的惰性气体。
根据本发明使用稀释剂的优点还在于弗瑞德-克来福特酰化可以在较高温度下进行,这再次可以缩短反应时间。通常而言,在60℃至稀释剂的沸点的温度范围内,优选80-150℃的温度范围内进行操作。
基于酰氯以0.01-0.2mol%的摩尔比使用铁催化剂。优选使用0.03-0.1mol%的催化剂。
基于酰氯也通常以1-3的摩尔比使用3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯。优选使用稍微过量的1.05-1.4摩尔当量的3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯。
在该方法的优选实施方案中,首先加入任选溶于稀释剂中的3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯,并在0.5-20小时,优选4-6小时内计量加入任选溶于稀释剂中的铁催化剂和酰氯,加料时间取决于选择的反应温度。铁催化剂优选溶于酰氯中而计量加入。
当酰氯已经在相同反应容器中制备时,称为单釜方案的相反程序(计量加入3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯)具有设备优点。由表1可以看出,该程序在除此以外相同的程序中产生稍低的选择性和产率。
一旦计量加入完成,通常将该反应混合物搅拌至多另外20小时,优选2-4小时。当在弗瑞德-克来福特酰化结束,溶剂和任何过量的3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯已通过蒸馏除去时,通常可以缩短持续搅拌时间。蒸馏可以在仅实现了部分转化时开始。蒸馏操作时间可以用到完成转化。
蒸馏除去稀释剂是优选的加工方案。反应容器中剩余的蒸馏残余物为所需二苯甲酮的熔体,其可以使用C1-C6醇,优选甲醇结晶。通常,将少量水加入该醇中可能是有利的,以完全溶解铁盐。
本发明方法尤其适于制备5-溴-2’,6-二甲基-2,4’,5’,6’-四甲氧基-二苯甲酮。本发明方法还可以用于制备例如2,5-二氯-2’,6-二甲基-4’,5’,6’-三甲氧基二苯甲酮、5-氯-2’,6-二甲基-2-羟基-4’,5’,6’-三甲氧基二苯甲酮或5-溴-2’,6-二甲基-2-羟基-4’,5’,6’-三甲氧基二苯甲酮。在最后两种化合物的情况下,以C1-C6烷基羰氧基形式保护2位的游离羟基并在弗瑞德-克来福特酰化结束之后再次除去该保护基团可能是有利的。
本发明方法的优点在于仅得到所需的三斜晶型。在迄今为止已知的方法中,总是形成通常两种晶型的混合物。
热力学上更稳定的三斜晶型的熔点为99.5-100.5℃,并且在IR光谱中显示的特征谱带位于445、568、641、769、785和822cm-1处。
如上所述,现有技术方法得到的是第二种热力学上不太稳定的晶型,其熔点为91.5-92.5℃,并且在IR光谱中显示的特征谱带位于428、648、704和805cm-1处。
本发明方法的优点还在于酰氯II的制备以及对酸IIIa的溴化可以在与弗瑞德-克来福特酰化相同的稀释剂中进行。如方案1所示,采用5-溴-2’,6-二甲基-2,4’,5’,6’-四甲氧基二苯甲酮(I’)的制备实施例,(i)将2-甲氧基-6-甲基苯甲酸IV’溴化成5-溴-2-甲氧基-6-甲基苯甲酸IIIa’、(ii)随后转化成酰氯II’和最后(iii)弗瑞德-克来福特酰化成二苯甲酮I’可以全部在氯苯中进行。
因此,根据弗瑞德-克来福特步骤中的计量顺序,使所有这三个反应步骤可以结合在单釜方案中。
在本发明方法中稀释剂的较高沸点还可以将原料(溴化步骤中的溴、酰氯步骤中的亚硫酰氯(光气)和弗瑞德-克来福特步骤中的3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯,每个优选过量使用)蒸馏除去并再循环回到特定的工艺中(i-iii)。当卤代烃如三氯甲苯或氯苯用作稀释剂时,沸点差使不含3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯的稀释剂可以通过蒸馏而在弗瑞德-克来福特步骤(iii)中得到并因此可以直接再循环到溴化步骤(i)中。
酰氯的形成(步骤ii)可以如文献中具体描述那样进行。所用氯化试剂通常为亚硫酰氯或光气。反应温度通常为室温到80℃。
溴化(步骤i)可以如文献中所述进行。尽管不优选,该反应也可以在酸催化下进行。反应温度通常为0-80℃。
方法实施例
实施例1-7
由5-溴-2-甲氧基-6-甲基苯甲酰氯(II’)开始制备5-溴-2’,6-二甲基-2,4’,5’,6’-四甲氧基二苯甲酮(I’)的一般工艺程序
将1047g(3.973mol)5-溴-2-甲氧基-6-甲基苯甲酰氯在1715g氯苯中的溶液与0.72g(0.0044mol)(实施例1-4和7)或0.36g(0.0022mol)(实施例5)或0.18g(0.0011mol)(实施例6)的无水氯化铁(III)混合,并在表中所示反应温度下经4小时计量加入868.7g(4.768mol)3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯在467.8g氯苯中的溶液中。然后在反应温度下搅拌该反应混合物另外2小时。为了除去形成的HCl,在计量和持续搅拌期间将恒定的氮气流通过反应混合物(可以采取表中的特定流速)。然后在80毫巴和80-105℃的温度下蒸除氯苯。借助定量HPLC在结晶之前测定粗产物熔体的纯度和产率(结果见表)。
为了结晶5-溴-2’,6-二甲基-2,4’,5’,6’-四甲氧基二苯甲酮(I’),首先在50℃下加入4900g甲醇并引入105℃的熔体。借助低至-5℃的温度坡冷却而进行结晶。离心分离标题化合物,用甲醇在离心机上洗涤并干燥。
试验 | FeCl3的mol% | N2流速 | 反应温度 | 6小时后的转化率 | 选择性 | 蒸馏后的产率 |
1 | 0.11 | 10l/h | 80℃ | 76.7% | 99.3% | 97.4% |
2 | 0.11 | 10l/h | 100℃ | 90.4% | 99.3% | 97.5% |
3 | 0.11 | 5l/h | 120℃ | 96.0% | 98.9% | 98.3% |
4 | 0.11 | 10l/h | 145℃ | 100.0% | 97.8% | 97.5% |
5 | 0.06 | 10l/h | 145℃ | 99.5% | 99.4% | 99.0% |
6 | 0.03 | 10l/h | 145℃ | 99.3% | 99.2% | 98.9% |
酰氯的初始加入 | ||||||
7 | 0.11 | 10l/h | 145℃ | 100.0% | 89.4% | 89.4% |
实施例8
由2-甲氧基-6-甲基苯甲酸(IV’)开始制备5-溴-2’,6-二甲基-2,4’,5’,6’-四甲氧基二苯甲酮(I’)
(i)制备5-溴-2-甲氧基-6-甲基苯甲酸(IIIa’)
将700g(4.212mol)2-甲氧基-6-甲基苯甲酸(IV’)悬浮于2343.5g氯苯中,然后在15℃的恒定内部温度下在3小时内滴加707.2g(4.423mol)单质溴。随后将该混合物在35℃下搅拌2小时。然后在77-82℃的内部温度和200毫巴下蒸除628.7g氯苯并同样从反应容器中除去过量溴和HBr。在分析溴含量之后,可以将含溴的氯苯馏出物再次用于下一批料中而不卸出。待用于这一批料的溴量可以相应地减少。
粗混合物的组成通过定量HPLC测定。得到980.5g(4.0mol=95%的产率)IIIa’的氯苯悬浮液。溴化的选择性高。5-溴对3-溴化合物的比例>500∶1。
(ii)制备5-溴-2-甲氧基-6-甲基苯甲酰氯(II’)
通过加入754.8g氯苯并冷却到50℃的温度而稀释在(i)下得到的悬浮液。然后加入0.95g(0.013mol)二甲基甲酰胺,随后在50℃的内部温度下在1.5小时内计量加入528.8g(4.445mol)亚硫酰氯。最后继续在50℃下搅拌另外1.5小时。然后在83-90℃的内部温度和200毫巴下蒸除754.8g氯苯,并且还从反应混合物中除去过量亚硫酰氯以及残留的氢氯酸和二氧化硫。在分析亚硫酰氯含量后,可以将含亚硫酰氯的氯苯馏出物再次用于下一批料中而不卸出。待用于这一批料的亚硫酰氯量可以相应地减少。
蒸馏残余物中有价值的产物通过定量HPLC测定。以氯苯溶液得到1047g(3.973mol=99.5%产率)5-溴-2-甲氧基-6-甲基苯甲酰氯。
iii)制备5-溴-2’,6-二甲基-2,4’,5’,6’-四甲氧基二苯甲酮(I’)
以类似于实施例1-7的方式同样在氯苯中进行制备。对于形成产物的产率和纯度得到相当的结果。
Claims (14)
2.如权利要求1所要求的方法,其中所用稀释剂为氯苯。
3.如权利要求1所要求的方法,其中首先加入任选在所用稀释剂中的3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯,并将任选在所用稀释剂中的酰氯与铁催化剂一起计量加入。
4.如权利要求2所要求的方法,其中首先加入任选在所用稀释剂中的3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯,并将任选在所用稀释剂中的酰氯与铁催化剂一起计量加入。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所要求的方法,其中在反应中形成的盐酸通过使用惰性气流汽提而从反应混合物中除去。
6.如权利要求1-4中任一项所要求的方法,其中在反应结束时或反应过程中蒸除稀释剂并在C1-C6醇中结晶剩余产物熔体。
7.如权利要求5所要求的方法,其中在反应结束时或反应过程中蒸除稀释剂并在C1-C6醇中结晶剩余产物熔体。
10.如权利要求8所要求的方法,其中在形成酰氯II后,将至少一部分稀释剂与过量亚硫酰氯一起蒸除并再循环到该方法中。
11.如权利要求9所要求的方法,其中在形成酰氯II后,将至少一部分稀释剂与过量亚硫酰氯一起蒸除并再循环到该方法中。
14.如权利要求12或13所要求的方法,其中在溴化结束时蒸除至少一部分稀释剂和过量的溴并将其再循环到该方法中。
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