CH682129A5 - - Google Patents

Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CH682129A5
CH682129A5 CH1910/91A CH191091A CH682129A5 CH 682129 A5 CH682129 A5 CH 682129A5 CH 1910/91 A CH1910/91 A CH 1910/91A CH 191091 A CH191091 A CH 191091A CH 682129 A5 CH682129 A5 CH 682129A5
Authority
CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
composition according
acid
composition
caffeic acid
hydroquinone
Prior art date
Application number
CH1910/91A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Isabelle Charpin
Didier Candau
Guyen Quang Lan N
Christiane Montastier
Francois Millecamps
Original Assignee
Oreal
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oreal filed Critical Oreal
Publication of CH682129A5 publication Critical patent/CH682129A5/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A61Q19/02—Preparations for care of the skin for chemically bleaching or whitening the skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/14—Liposomes; Vesicles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/34—Alcohols
    • A61K8/347—Phenols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/36—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A61K8/365—Hydroxycarboxylic acids; Ketocarboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/36—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A61K8/368—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof with carboxyl groups directly bound to carbon atoms of aromatic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/42—Amides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K8/4973—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom
    • A61K8/498—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom having 6-membered rings or their condensed derivatives, e.g. coumarin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/902—Specified use of nanostructure
    • Y10S977/904—Specified use of nanostructure for medical, immunological, body treatment, or diagnosis
    • Y10S977/915—Therapeutic or pharmaceutical composition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/902—Specified use of nanostructure
    • Y10S977/904—Specified use of nanostructure for medical, immunological, body treatment, or diagnosis
    • Y10S977/926—Topical chemical, e.g. cosmetic or sunscreen

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
CH1910/91A 1989-10-20 1990-10-19 CH682129A5 (https=)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8913774A FR2653336B1 (fr) 1989-10-20 1989-10-20 Composition pharmaceutique et cosmetiques depigmentantes a base d'acide cafeique.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CH682129A5 true CH682129A5 (https=) 1993-07-30

Family

ID=9386619

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CH1910/91A CH682129A5 (https=) 1989-10-20 1990-10-19

Country Status (18)

Country Link
US (1) US5164185A (https=)
EP (1) EP0450040B1 (https=)
JP (1) JP2659618B2 (https=)
AR (1) AR244545A1 (https=)
AT (1) ATE200977T1 (https=)
AU (1) AU638768B2 (https=)
BE (1) BE1003833A3 (https=)
BR (1) BR9006960A (https=)
CA (1) CA2044269C (https=)
CH (1) CH682129A5 (https=)
DE (1) DE69033731T2 (https=)
ES (1) ES2085192B1 (https=)
FR (1) FR2653336B1 (https=)
GB (1) GB2244005B (https=)
IT (1) IT1251741B (https=)
MX (1) MX173203B (https=)
WO (1) WO1991005543A1 (https=)
ZA (1) ZA908398B (https=)

Families Citing this family (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE69321285T2 (de) * 1992-05-15 1999-03-04 Shiseido Co. Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo Äusserliches Hautpräparat
FR2693105B1 (fr) * 1992-07-01 1994-09-02 Oreal Composition cosmétique et/ou dermatologique à action dépigmentante contenant un acide di- ou tri-caféoylquinique ou un mélange de ceux-ci.
FR2697159B1 (fr) * 1992-10-22 1995-01-13 Oreal Composition cosmétique ou dermo-pharmaceutique contenant en association un lauroylméthionate d'un amino acide basique et au moins un polyphénol.
FR2699072B1 (fr) * 1992-12-11 1995-03-10 Lvmh Rech Utilisation d'un extrait de Simarouba pour l'atténuation des taches pigmentaires cutanées.
FR2699080B1 (fr) * 1992-12-11 1995-04-07 Lvmh Rech Utilisation d'un extrait de Simarouba pour l'atténuation des taches pigmentaires cutanées ou pour renforcer la fonction protectrice de la peau, ou pour la préparation d'un milieu de culture de cellules de peau, et composition ainsi obtenue.
US5646184A (en) * 1993-03-25 1997-07-08 Kao Corporation Preparation for external application to the skin and novel benzoic acid derivatives
FR2715844B1 (fr) * 1994-02-04 1996-03-29 Oreal Emulsion contenant de l'acide ascorbique stabilisé, procédé de traitement cosmétique la mettant en Óoeuvre, ses utilisations.
IL109012A (en) * 1994-03-17 1998-09-24 Fischer Pharma Ltd Skin whitening composition comprising glycyrrhyza glabra and hydroxy acids
US5874463A (en) * 1994-10-24 1999-02-23 Ancira; Margaret Hydroxy-kojic acid skin peel
FR2732594B1 (fr) * 1995-04-07 1997-06-06 Oreal Utilisation de derives d'acide salicylique pour la depigmentation de la peau
FR2736263B1 (fr) * 1995-07-07 1997-09-26 C3D Sarl Composition dermocosmetique depigmentante et son utilisation
US6303106B1 (en) * 1995-12-07 2001-10-16 Zylepsis Limited Allomelanin production
FR2750326B1 (fr) * 1996-06-28 1998-07-31 Oreal Composition cosmetique et/ou dermatologique acide contenant un poly(acide 2-acrylamido 2-methylpropane sulfonique) reticule et neutralise a au moins 90 %
FR2754253A1 (fr) * 1996-10-07 1998-04-10 Roche Posay Lab Pharma Nouvelle association de derives d'acide salicylique et d'hydroquinone comme inhibiteur de la tyrosinase pour la depigmentation de la peau, et composition la comprenant
EP1260212A1 (de) * 2001-05-21 2002-11-27 Cognis France S.A. Kosmetische Mittel
AU2002329842B2 (en) * 2001-08-29 2006-09-14 Umd, Inc. Vaginal delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and inhibitors of membrane efflux systems for cancer therapy
DE10215055A1 (de) * 2002-04-03 2003-10-30 Univ Schiller Jena Verwendung von Kaffeesäureestern zur Herstellung von kosmetischen nutrazeutischen sowie pharmazeutischen Präparaten und Arzneimitteln
ATE366566T1 (de) * 2002-09-05 2007-08-15 Galderma Res & Dev Zusammensetzung zur depigmentierung der haut, die adapalen und mindestens ein depigmentierungsmittel enthält
US8343519B2 (en) * 2003-02-19 2013-01-01 L'oreal S.A. Chemical enhancer and method
US7527811B2 (en) * 2003-12-23 2009-05-05 Clr Chemisches Laboratorium Dr. Kurt Richter Gmbh Topical depigmenting formulations comprising an extract of Bellis perennis
TW200534875A (en) * 2004-04-23 2005-11-01 Lonza Ag Personal care compositions and concentrates for making the same
FR2870122A1 (fr) * 2004-05-14 2005-11-18 Galderma Res & Dev Composition pharmaceutique ou cosmetique comprenant du mequinol et au moins un agent depigmentant
CA2594546A1 (en) * 2005-01-14 2006-07-27 Lipo Chemicals, Inc. Composition and method for treating hyperpigmented skin
FR2892923B1 (fr) * 2005-11-08 2009-01-16 Engelhard Lyon Sa Utilisatiion des derives de l'acide para-coumarique ou para- hydroxycinnamique dans des compositions cosmetiques ou dermatologiques.
WO2007096601A2 (en) * 2006-02-21 2007-08-30 Syntopix Limited Antimicrobial formulations comprising a quinone and a copper salt
FR2918570B1 (fr) * 2007-07-09 2012-10-05 Engelhard Lyon DIGLYCATION DES AGEs.
EP2340027A4 (en) * 2008-09-03 2012-04-04 Bionovo Inc METHOD AND COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER
CA2803522C (en) * 2010-06-30 2019-08-20 Nestec S.A. Use of chicoric acid and derivatives for regulating skin pigmentation
ES2739221T3 (es) * 2010-06-30 2020-01-29 Nestle Sa Uso de ácido caftárico y bacteria láctica en suplemento alimenticio para aclarar y/o blanquear el tono de la piel
ES2744576T3 (es) * 2010-06-30 2020-02-25 Nestle Sa Uso de ácido cicórico y bacteria láctica en suplemento alimenticio para aclarar y/o blanquear el tono de la piel
SG10201505156QA (en) * 2010-06-30 2015-08-28 Nestec Sa Use of caftaric acid and derivatives in food supplement for regulating skin pigmentation
GB2497985B (en) * 2011-12-28 2014-03-12 Pangaea Lab Ltd A composition to stabilise kojic acid
JP2015140309A (ja) * 2014-01-28 2015-08-03 一丸ファルコス株式会社 カフェ酸又はカフェ酸誘導体を有効成分とするキネシン抑制剤
CA3011834C (en) * 2016-01-19 2024-01-16 Achromaz Pte. Ltd. Skin cosmetic composition comprising saccharin, maltol, and theobromine
KR102475130B1 (ko) * 2016-03-31 2022-12-07 (주)아모레퍼시픽 펜타사이클릭 트리터펜 카페익 액씨드 에스터를 포함하는 피부 보습 또는 피부 미백용 조성물
TWI735652B (zh) * 2016-09-29 2021-08-11 心悅生醫股份有限公司 麴酸之共晶和/或共熔結晶、包含其之組合物與用途
WO2023097322A2 (en) * 2021-11-29 2023-06-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Skin care composition

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1533371A (fr) * 1967-06-07 1968-07-19 Produits dermo-cosmétiques à base d'extraits de caféier
US3982999A (en) * 1974-07-26 1976-09-28 Kharasch Jerome A Complexing cresolase with copper chelating agents
US4136166A (en) * 1977-04-18 1979-01-23 Helena Rubinstein, Inc. Skin lightening composition
NL7804290A (nl) * 1977-05-12 1978-11-14 Henkel Kgaa Ontsteking vertragend middel voor cosmetische prepara- ten.
JPS56161315A (en) * 1980-05-16 1981-12-11 Ichimaru Boeki Kk Oil-soluble skin anatriptic of ferulic ester
FR2581542B1 (fr) * 1985-05-07 1988-02-19 Oreal Compositions topiques destinees au traitement de la peau a base de derives de l'acide salicylique
JPH0655664B2 (ja) * 1985-11-19 1994-07-27 ポーラ化成工業株式会社 美肌化粧料
GB8600822D0 (en) * 1986-01-15 1986-02-19 Unilever Plc Treatment of skin disorders
JPH089527B2 (ja) * 1986-11-27 1996-01-31 日清製油株式会社 抗炎症性化粧料
FR2613622B1 (fr) * 1987-04-09 1990-05-25 Cariel Leon Composition pharmaceutique et/ou cosmetique a activite regulatrice de la pigmentation cutanee
FR2616325B1 (fr) * 1987-06-12 1990-11-09 Moet Hennessy Rech Composition contenant de l'hydroquinone et de l'acide kojique et composition pharmaceutique, notamment dermatologique, a activite depigmentante ou anti-inflammatoire, ou cosmetique comprenant de l'acide kojique et de l'hydroquinone
JP2565513B2 (ja) * 1987-09-25 1996-12-18 三省製薬株式会社 メラニン生成抑制外用薬剤
JP2658235B2 (ja) * 1988-08-18 1997-09-30 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 幅圧下プレス装置の幅圧下制御方法
JPH02255607A (ja) * 1989-03-29 1990-10-16 Pias Arise Kk 色白化粧料

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT9021795A0 (it) 1990-10-19
EP0450040A1 (fr) 1991-10-09
FR2653336B1 (fr) 1994-04-08
JP2659618B2 (ja) 1997-09-30
CA2044269A1 (fr) 1991-04-21
ATE200977T1 (de) 2001-05-15
IT1251741B (it) 1995-05-23
AR244545A1 (es) 1993-11-30
EP0450040B1 (fr) 2001-05-09
ES2085192B1 (es) 1997-02-01
AU638768B2 (en) 1993-07-08
BR9006960A (pt) 1991-11-12
AU6628890A (en) 1991-05-16
WO1991005543A1 (fr) 1991-05-02
US5164185A (en) 1992-11-17
DE69033731D1 (de) 2001-06-13
GB2244005B (en) 1993-10-13
ZA908398B (en) 1991-08-28
MX173203B (es) 1994-02-08
GB9113276D0 (en) 1991-08-07
GB2244005A (en) 1991-11-20
JPH04502476A (ja) 1992-05-07
BE1003833A3 (fr) 1992-06-23
CA2044269C (fr) 1999-01-05
IT9021795A1 (it) 1992-04-19
FR2653336A1 (fr) 1991-04-26
ES2085192A1 (es) 1996-05-16
DE69033731T2 (de) 2002-02-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0450040B1 (fr) Compositions pharmaceutiques et cosmetiques depigmentantes a base d'acide cafeique
EP0997140B1 (fr) Composition d'eclaircissement de la peau et/ou des cheveux
EP0895779B1 (fr) Utilisation de monoesters d'arbutine comme agent dépigmentant
EP0747043B1 (fr) Utilisation de dérivés d'acide salicyclique pour la depigmentation de la peau
EP0623339B1 (fr) Utilisation de dérivés de la resorcine substitués en position(s)4,4 et 5 ou 4 et 6 dans des compositions cosmétiques ou dermopharmaceutiques à action dépigmentante
FR2536277A1 (fr) Nouvelle composition anti-acneique a base de peroxyde de benzoyle et d'au moins un autre principe actif
JP2001513076A (ja) 安定化したアスコルビル組成物
EP1430883A1 (fr) Utilisation cosmétique de dérivés de l'acide ascorbique comme agents blanchissants de la peau ou des cheveux
EP0820763B1 (fr) Utilisation de dérivés de l'acide N,N'-dibenzyl éthylènediamine comme agents dépigmentants
WO2008009860A2 (fr) Utilisation de composés antagonistes des canaux calcium pour dépigmenter la peau
EP1962788B1 (fr) Utilisation de céramides et de dérivés d'acide salicylique pour dépigmenter la peau
FR2723316A1 (fr) Compositions et preparations depigmentantes de la peau, a usages pharmaceutiques ou cosmetiques
EP1566168B1 (fr) Compositions dermo-cosmétiques dépigmentantes et leur utilisation
EP0801947B1 (fr) Ultilisation de l'octopirox comme agent depigmentant
FR2802415A1 (fr) Composition cosmetique comprenant le n-ethyloxycarbonyl-4- amino-phenol et l'arbutine ou ses derives et/ou l'acide ellagique ou ses derives
FR2891737A1 (fr) Utilisation de composes c-glycosides pour depigmenter la peau
FR2804866A1 (fr) Composition a base n-cholesteryloxycarbonyl-4-para- aminophenol et d'hydroquinone ou l'un de ses derives
FR2679132A1 (fr) Utilisation de derives du benzofuranne dans des compositions cosmetiques ou dermatologiques, comme agents depigmentants.
EP0623340B1 (fr) Utilisation d'hydroxy ou de dihydroxy naphtalènes dans la préparation d'une composition cosmétique ou dermatologique à action dépigmentante
EP0621030B1 (fr) Utilisation de dérivés de la benzomorpholine dans des compositions cosmétiques ou dermopharmaceutiques à action dépigmentante
JPH11139931A (ja) 美白用皮膚外用剤
FR2788693A1 (fr) Utilisation du miel non fermente comme agent depigmentant
FR2783714A1 (fr) Composition a base d'hydroquinone et de metabisulfite utilisable par voie topique pour la depigmentation de la peau
FR2946250A1 (fr) Compositions topiques depigmentantes, et leurs utilisations.
FR2822067A1 (fr) Composition dermatologique depigmentante a base de glabridine

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PL Patent ceased