CH424889A - Verfahren zur Herstellung von lötfähigen Kontaktstellen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung von lötfähigen KontaktstellenInfo
- Publication number
- CH424889A CH424889A CH1357663A CH1357663A CH424889A CH 424889 A CH424889 A CH 424889A CH 1357663 A CH1357663 A CH 1357663A CH 1357663 A CH1357663 A CH 1357663A CH 424889 A CH424889 A CH 424889A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- solderable
- tantalum
- metal
- poorly
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 35
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001259 photo etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- REYHXKZHIMGNSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monofluoride Chemical group [F-].[Ag+] REYHXKZHIMGNSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004870 electrical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940096017 silver fluoride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L24/49—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of a plurality of wire connectors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/40—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal all coatings being metal coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
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- C23C14/027—Graded interfaces
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Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von lötfähigen Kontaktstellen Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von lötfähigen Kontaktstellen an dünnen Schichten aus schlecht oder nicht lötfähigen Metallen, die auf einen isolierenden Träger aufgebracht sind. In der Elektrotechnik gibt es viele Fälle, bei denen Schichten aus schlecht oder nicht lötfähigen Metallen, die auf einen isolierenden Träger aufgebracht wurden, mit elektrischen Anschlüssen versehen werden müs sen. So werden beispielsweise Widerstände in Form von dünnen Schichten durch Aufdampfen auf eine isolierende Trägerunterlage hergestellt und müssen an ihren Enden mit geeigneten Kontakten versehen wer den. Am einfachsten sind elektrische Kontakte durch Anlöten anzubringen. Es ist jedoch bei Schichten aus schlecht lötfähigen oder nicht lötfähigen Metallen schwierig, wenn nicht gar unmöglich, durch Löten ge eignete Kontakte anzubringen. Andere Kontaktie- rungsverfahren, wie z. B. Schweissen, stossen inso fern auf Schwierigkeiten, weil hierbei die dünnen Schichten leicht beschädigt oder zerstört werden. In neuerer Zeit sind sogenannte integrierte Schal tungen oder Dünnfilmschaltungen bekanntgeworden, bei denen die passiven elektrischen Bauelemente wie Widerstände und Kondensatoren nach Art einer ge druckten Schaltung gleichzeitig mit den Leitungszü gen für die Verbindungen hergestellt werden. Als Ma terial für solche Dünnfilmschaltungen wird mit Vor teil Tantal verwendet, aus dem sich leicht Wider stände und Kondensatoren herstellen lassen. Die Tan talschicht wird hierbei beispielsweise durch Katho denzerstäubung auf eine geeignete isolierende Unter lage, wie z. B. Glas, aufgebracht und nach einem Photoätzverfahren wird ein Teil der Tantalschicht so weggeätzt, dass die Leitungszüge, Widerstände und Kondensatoren in Form von dünnen Streifen zu rückbleiben. Die aktiven Bauelemente können nicht aus der Tantalschicht erzeugt werden und müssen nachträglich in die Schaltung eingelötet werden. Zum Anschluss einer solchen Dünnfilmschaltung und zum Anbringen der aktiven Bauelemente wie Dioden und Transistoren sind bei solchen Schaltungen Anschluss- stellen vorgesehen, an welche die entsprechenden elektrischen Leitungen angelötet werden. Da sich Tantal nur schwer oder nicht löten lässt, werden die Leitungszüge der Schaltung mit einer dünnen Gold schicht bedampft, welche zusätzlich die Aufgabe hat, den elektrischen Widerstand der Zuleitungen herab zusetzen. Es ist nun zwar möglich, an die auf der Tantalschicht angeordnete Goldschicht Kontakte an zulöten, jedoch ist dies sehr schwierig und die Kon takte lösen sich leicht ab. Die dünne Goldschicht löst sich nämlich beim Aufbringen von Lot in diesem auf, so dass das Lot auf die darunter befindliche Tantal- schicht zu liegen kommt, auf der es nicht haftet. Wenn es schon gelingt, an der dünnen Goldschicht einen Leitungsdraht anzulöten, so ist die mechanische Festigkeit nur sehr gering, da der Lottropfen sich leicht mit der darunter befindlichen Goldschicht vom Tantal ablöst. Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, diese Nachteile zu vermeiden und ein Verfahren zur Her stellung von lötfähigen Kontaktstellen an dünnen Schichten aus schlecht oder nicht lötfähigen Metal len auf einem isolierenden Träger anzugeben, das eine gut leitende und mechanisch feste Verbindung von elektrischen Anschlüssen durch Anlöten ermög licht. Gemäss der Erfindung wird vor dem Aufbringen der schlecht oder nicht lötfähigen Metallschicht, z. B. der Tantalschicht, auf den Träger eine Metallschicht aus gut lötfähigem Metall aufgebracht und nach dem Aufbringen der Schicht des schlecht oder nicht löt- fähigen Metalls ein Teil dieser Schicht mit Hilfe eines Ätzmittels, welches das gut lötfähige Metall nicht löst, wieder entfernt, so dass dabei die darunterliegende Schicht aus gut lötfähigem Metall freigelegt wird. Die Schicht aus gut lötfähigem Metall wird zweckmässig auf den Isolierstoffträger, gegebenen falls unter Verwendung einer Schablone, durch Auf streichen, Aufspritzen oder Aufdrucken aufgebracht und danach in den Träger eingebrannt. Zur Herstel lung der Kontaktstellen gemäss der Erfindung eignet sich insbesondere das sog. Einbrennsilber, das als Paste auf die isolierende Unterlage aufgebracht wird. Durch Erhitzung bildet sich eine fest mit dieser Un terlage verbundene Silberschicht. Man kann dabei folgendermassen verfahren: Es werden also zunächst an den Kontaktstellen oder auch zusätzlich noch an den Stellen, wo die Leitungs züge verlaufen, die entsprechenden Flächen der Iso lierstoffunterlage mit Einbrennsilber bestrichen und dieses in die Unterlage eingebrannt. Danach erst wird die Schicht aus schlecht lötfähigem Metall, wie z. B. Tantal, aufgebracht, beispielsweise durch Ka thodenzerstäubung. Nun wird in üblicher Weise nach einem Photoätzverfahren das überschüssige Tantal entfernt, so dass nur die Leitungszüge und die pas siven Bauelemente in Form von dünnen Tantalstrei fen zurückbleiben. Gleichzeitig wird hierbei an den Kontaktstellen die Tantalschicht teilweise entfernt, so dass die darunterliegende Silberschicht zu Tage tritt. Nach Fertigstellung der Schaltung können in einfacher Weise an diesen Stellen die elektrischen Zuleitungen angelötet werden, da sich Silber sehr gut löten lässt und in gutem elektrischem Kontakt mit der aufgestäubten Tantalschicht steht. Da die Silber schicht in die Trägerunterlage eingebrannt wurde, sind die so erhaltenen Kontakte auch mechanisch sehr stabil. Es ist weiter möglich, in an sich bekannter Weise auf die Schicht aus schlecht lötfähigem Metall, bei spielsweise auf das Tantal, eine Schicht aus einem gut leitenden Metall, wie z. B. Gold, aufzubringen. An den Kontaktstellen liegt die Goldschicht dann direkt auf der Silberschicht. Beim Anlöten an diesen Stellen treten jedoch nicht die zuvor beobachteten Nachteile ein, da die Lötverbindung bis zur Silber schicht hindurchreicht. Auf diese Weise ist die Herstellung von lötfähi- gen Kontaktstellen bei Dünnfilmschaltungen aus Tau tal möglich, es können aber auch sonst lötfähige Kon taktstellen hergestellt werden, wo Schichten aus schlecht oder nicht lötfähigem Metall auf einem iso- lierenden Träger mit einem elektrischen Anschluss versehen werden müssen. Beim Ätzen von Tantal wird üblicherweise eine Mischung von konzentrierter Flusssäure und Salpe tersäure verwendet, welche das Silber jedoch nicht auflöst, da sich eine dünne Schicht aus Silberfluorid auf dem Silber bildet. Diese Schutzschicht aus Silber- fluorid löst sich beim Spülen mit Wasser nach dem Ätzen, so dass das Löten dadurch nicht behindert wird. Anstelle des Silbers kann auch ein anderes ge eignetes Metall verwendet werden, das sich in der verwendeten Ätzung jedoch nicht lösen darf.
Claims (1)
- PATENTANSPRUCH Verfahren zur Herstellung von lötfähigen Kon taktstellen an dünnen Schichten aus schlecht oder nicht lötfähigen Metallen auf einem isolierenden Trä ger, insbesondere zur Kontaktierung von Tantal schichten bei Dünnfilmschaltungen, dadurch gekenn zeichnet, dass vor dem Aufbringen der schlecht oder nicht lötfähigen Metallschicht auf den Träger eine Schicht aus gut lötfähigem Metall aufgebracht wird, und dass nach dem Aufbringen der Schicht des schlecht oder nicht lötfähigen Metalls ein Teil dieser Schicht mit Hilfe eines Ätzmittels, welches das gut lötfähige Metall nicht löst,wieder entfernt und damit die darunterliegende Schicht aus gut lötfähigem Me tall freigelegt' wird. UNTERANSPRüCHE 1. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch, dadurch ge kennzeichnet, dass die Schicht aus gut lötfähigem Metall auf den Träger, gegebenenfalls unter Ver wendung einer Schablone, aufgespritzt, aufgestrichen oder aufgedruckt und danach eingebrannt wird.2. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch und Unteran spruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf die frei gelegten Teile der Schicht aus gut lötfähigem Metall und mindestens auf einem Teil der Schicht aus schlecht lötfähigem Metall eine weitere Schicht aus gut leitendem Metall aufgebracht wird. 3. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch und den Un teransprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Schichten aus Tantal als gut lötfähiges Metall Silber verwendet wird. 4.Verfahren nach den Unteransprüchen 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf die freigelegten Teile der Silberschicht und mindestens auf einen Teil der Tantalschicht eine Goldschicht aufgebracht wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB20201/62A GB1010111A (en) | 1962-05-25 | 1962-05-25 | Vapour deposition of metallic films |
GB36013/62A GB1044689A (en) | 1962-09-21 | 1962-09-21 | Improvements in or relating to mountings for semi-conductor devices |
GB39650/62A GB1023531A (en) | 1962-05-25 | 1962-10-19 | Improvements in or relating to semiconductor devices |
DEST19973A DE1179280B (de) | 1962-11-09 | 1962-11-09 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von loetfaehigen Kontaktstellen |
GB48863/62A GB1024216A (en) | 1962-05-25 | 1962-12-28 | Improvements in or relating to circuit modules including semiconductor devices |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CH424889A true CH424889A (de) | 1966-11-30 |
Family
ID=27512244
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH630763A CH422927A (de) | 1962-05-25 | 1963-05-20 | Metallschicht auf einer isolierenden Unterlage |
CH1256863A CH468719A (de) | 1962-05-25 | 1963-10-14 | Halbleitervorrichtung |
CH1357663A CH424889A (de) | 1962-05-25 | 1963-11-05 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von lötfähigen Kontaktstellen |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH630763A CH422927A (de) | 1962-05-25 | 1963-05-20 | Metallschicht auf einer isolierenden Unterlage |
CH1256863A CH468719A (de) | 1962-05-25 | 1963-10-14 | Halbleitervorrichtung |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3270256A (de) |
BE (3) | BE632739A (de) |
CH (3) | CH422927A (de) |
DE (2) | DE1288174B (de) |
GB (2) | GB1023531A (de) |
NL (3) | NL299522A (de) |
SE (1) | SE316221B (de) |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3266127A (en) * | 1964-01-27 | 1966-08-16 | Ibm | Method of forming contacts on semiconductors |
US3339274A (en) * | 1964-03-16 | 1967-09-05 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Top contact for surface protected semiconductor devices |
US3325702A (en) * | 1964-04-21 | 1967-06-13 | Texas Instruments Inc | High temperature electrical contacts for silicon devices |
GB1052135A (de) * | 1964-11-09 | |||
US3477123A (en) * | 1965-12-21 | 1969-11-11 | Ibm | Masking technique for area reduction of planar transistors |
DE1283970B (de) * | 1966-03-19 | 1968-11-28 | Siemens Ag | Metallischer Kontakt an einem Halbleiterbauelement |
US3504430A (en) * | 1966-06-27 | 1970-04-07 | Hitachi Ltd | Method of making semiconductor devices having insulating films |
US3840982A (en) * | 1966-12-28 | 1974-10-15 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Contacts for semiconductor devices, particularly integrated circuits, and methods of making the same |
US3480841A (en) * | 1967-01-13 | 1969-11-25 | Ibm | Solderable backside ohmic contact metal system for semiconductor devices and fabrication process therefor |
US3460003A (en) * | 1967-01-30 | 1969-08-05 | Corning Glass Works | Metallized semiconductor device with fired-on glaze consisting of 25-35% pbo,10-15% b2o3,5-10% al2o3,and the balance sio2 |
GB1258580A (de) * | 1967-12-28 | 1971-12-30 | ||
DE1789062C3 (de) * | 1968-09-30 | 1978-11-30 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Metallkontaktschichten für Halbleiteranordnungen |
US3704166A (en) * | 1969-06-30 | 1972-11-28 | Ibm | Method for improving adhesion between conductive layers and dielectrics |
FR2048036B1 (de) * | 1969-06-30 | 1974-10-31 | Ibm | |
DE2807350C2 (de) * | 1977-03-02 | 1983-01-13 | Sharp K.K., Osaka | Flüssigkristall-Anzeigevorrichtung in Baueinheit mit einem integrierten Schaltkreis |
JPS53115069A (en) * | 1977-03-18 | 1978-10-07 | Nippon Mining Co | Method of producing printed circuit board |
FR2547112B1 (fr) * | 1983-06-03 | 1986-11-21 | Thomson Csf | Procede de realisation d'un circuit hybride et circuit hybride logique ou analogique |
FR2986372B1 (fr) * | 2012-01-31 | 2014-02-28 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede d'assemblage d'un element a puce micro-electronique sur un element filaire, installation permettant de realiser l'assemblage |
KR102073790B1 (ko) * | 2013-12-09 | 2020-02-05 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 투과형 광 셔터 및 상기 투과형 광 셔터의 제조 방법 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR793015A (fr) * | 1934-10-16 | 1936-01-15 | Dispersion Cathodique S A | Perfectionnements apportés à la dispersion cathodique |
DE1006692B (de) * | 1953-10-29 | 1957-04-18 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung festhaftender Metallbelegungen auf Unterlagen aller Art |
GB874965A (en) * | 1958-07-09 | 1961-08-16 | G V Planer Ltd | Improvements in or relating to electrical circuits or circuit elements |
US2973466A (en) * | 1959-09-09 | 1961-02-28 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Semiconductor contact |
US3199002A (en) * | 1961-04-17 | 1965-08-03 | Fairchild Camera Instr Co | Solid-state circuit with crossing leads and method for making the same |
-
0
- BE BE637621D patent/BE637621A/xx unknown
- NL NL298258D patent/NL298258A/xx unknown
- BE BE639640D patent/BE639640A/xx unknown
- NL NL292995D patent/NL292995A/xx unknown
- BE BE632739D patent/BE632739A/xx unknown
- NL NL299522D patent/NL299522A/xx unknown
-
1962
- 1962-10-19 GB GB39650/62A patent/GB1023531A/en not_active Expired
- 1962-12-28 GB GB48863/62A patent/GB1024216A/en not_active Expired
-
1963
- 1963-05-20 CH CH630763A patent/CH422927A/de unknown
- 1963-05-21 DE DEI23747A patent/DE1288174B/de active Pending
- 1963-10-01 US US312930A patent/US3270256A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1963-10-14 CH CH1256863A patent/CH468719A/de unknown
- 1963-10-18 DE DE1963J0024586 patent/DE1302005C2/de not_active Expired
- 1963-11-05 CH CH1357663A patent/CH424889A/de unknown
- 1963-11-08 SE SE12333/63A patent/SE316221B/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US3270256A (en) | 1966-08-30 |
SE316221B (de) | 1969-10-20 |
DE1288174B (de) | 1969-01-30 |
DE1302005C2 (de) | 1975-08-07 |
GB1024216A (en) | 1966-03-30 |
GB1023531A (en) | 1966-03-23 |
CH422927A (de) | 1966-10-31 |
BE639640A (de) | 1900-01-01 |
DE1302005B (de) | 1975-08-07 |
NL298258A (de) | 1900-01-01 |
NL292995A (de) | 1900-01-01 |
CH468719A (de) | 1969-02-15 |
BE637621A (de) | 1900-01-01 |
BE632739A (de) | 1900-01-01 |
NL299522A (de) | 1900-01-01 |
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