ATE342940T1 - Polymerisierbare 1,2-dipyrazolylethane als farbstoffe für ophthalmologische kunststofflinsen - Google Patents
Polymerisierbare 1,2-dipyrazolylethane als farbstoffe für ophthalmologische kunststofflinsenInfo
- Publication number
- ATE342940T1 ATE342940T1 AT00107129T AT00107129T ATE342940T1 AT E342940 T1 ATE342940 T1 AT E342940T1 AT 00107129 T AT00107129 T AT 00107129T AT 00107129 T AT00107129 T AT 00107129T AT E342940 T1 ATE342940 T1 AT E342940T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- image
- dipyrazolylethanes
- ophthalmological
- polymerizable
- dyes
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B69/00—Dyes not provided for by a single group of this subclass
- C09B69/10—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds
- C09B69/105—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds containing a methine or polymethine dye
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/14—Macromolecular materials
- A61L27/16—Macromolecular materials obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/02—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups
- C09B23/04—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups one >CH- group, e.g. cyanines, isocyanines, pseudocyanines
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
- G02B1/041—Lenses
- G02B1/043—Contact lenses
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Eyeglasses (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP09968599A JP3449406B2 (ja) | 1999-04-07 | 1999-04-07 | 新規ピラゾロン化合物およびそれを用いた眼用プラスチックレンズ |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ATE342940T1 true ATE342940T1 (de) | 2006-11-15 |
Family
ID=14253905
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AT00107129T ATE342940T1 (de) | 1999-04-07 | 2000-04-07 | Polymerisierbare 1,2-dipyrazolylethane als farbstoffe für ophthalmologische kunststofflinsen |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6310215B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1043365B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3449406B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100568915B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1188399C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE342940T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU763648B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR0001567A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2304425C (de) |
DE (1) | DE60031322T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2273630T3 (de) |
HK (1) | HK1031891A1 (de) |
NZ (1) | NZ503751A (de) |
TW (1) | TW496889B (de) |
Families Citing this family (52)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8500274B2 (en) | 2000-11-03 | 2013-08-06 | High Performance Optics, Inc. | Dual-filter ophthalmic lens to reduce risk of macular degeneration |
US8403478B2 (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2013-03-26 | High Performance Optics, Inc. | Ophthalmic lens to preserve macular integrity |
DE10162360A1 (de) * | 2001-12-18 | 2003-07-03 | Roehm Gmbh | Beleuchtbare Vorrichtung |
JP4233320B2 (ja) * | 2002-12-20 | 2009-03-04 | 株式会社ニデック | 眼用レンズ用着色剤、及び該着色剤を用いた着色眼用レンズ |
WO2005066694A2 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2005-07-21 | Advanced Medical Optics, Inc. | Intraocular lenses having a visible light-selective-transmissive-region |
BRPI0509338B1 (pt) * | 2004-04-30 | 2017-10-17 | Abbott Medical Optics Inc. | Detached devices having a highly selective violet light transmitter and related methods |
JP4906257B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-10 | 2012-03-28 | Hoya株式会社 | 表面処理眼内レンズの製造方法および後発白内障抑制性眼内レンズ |
JP4532243B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-10 | 2010-08-25 | 株式会社ニデック | 眼用レンズ用着色剤、及び該着色剤を用いた着色眼用レンズ材料 |
ATE525664T1 (de) | 2004-11-22 | 2011-10-15 | Abbott Medical Optics Inc | Copolymerisierbare methin- und anthrachinon- verbindungen und artikel damit |
US7326423B2 (en) * | 2004-11-22 | 2008-02-05 | Advanced Medical Optics, Inc. | Copolymerizable azo compounds and articles containing them |
FR2891276B1 (fr) * | 2005-09-28 | 2007-12-21 | Corneal Ind Soc Par Actions Si | Composes convenant a titre de colorants jaunes polymerisables; compositions polymerisables et/ou reticulables, matrices polymeres et lentilles intraoculaires les refermant. |
US7659325B2 (en) * | 2005-11-03 | 2010-02-09 | Ophtec B.V. | Functionalized dyes and use thereof in ophthalmic lens material |
CN1970640B (zh) * | 2005-11-23 | 2011-08-31 | 尼德克株式会社 | 目镜用着色剂和使用该着色剂的有色目镜用材料 |
US8882267B2 (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2014-11-11 | High Performance Optics, Inc. | High energy visible light filter systems with yellowness index values |
US8113651B2 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2012-02-14 | High Performance Optics, Inc. | High performance corneal inlay |
US7520608B2 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2009-04-21 | High Performance Optics, Inc. | Color balanced ophthalmic system with selective light inhibition |
US9377569B2 (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2016-06-28 | High Performance Optics, Inc. | Photochromic ophthalmic systems that selectively filter specific blue light wavelengths |
US8360574B2 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2013-01-29 | High Performance Optics, Inc. | High performance selective light wavelength filtering providing improved contrast sensitivity |
US20120075577A1 (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2012-03-29 | Ishak Andrew W | High performance selective light wavelength filtering providing improved contrast sensitivity |
JP5313141B2 (ja) | 2006-08-23 | 2013-10-09 | ハイ・パフォーマンス・オプティクス・インコーポレイテッド | 選択的な光抑制のためのシステム及び方法 |
WO2008041683A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-04 | 2008-04-10 | Hoya Corporation | Lentille intraoculaire |
KR20090071628A (ko) * | 2006-10-13 | 2009-07-01 | 알콘, 인코퍼레이티드 | 독특한 청자색 컷오프 및 청색 광 투과 특성을 지닌 안내 렌즈 |
FR2908897B1 (fr) * | 2006-11-17 | 2009-03-06 | Essilor Int | Lentilles ophtalmiques colorees multi-teintes. |
FR2908896B1 (fr) * | 2006-11-17 | 2009-02-06 | Essilor Int | Lentilles ophtalmiques colorees multi-teintes pour myopes. |
JP5039059B2 (ja) | 2006-12-27 | 2012-10-03 | Hoya株式会社 | 多焦点眼用レンズ |
EP2225325B1 (de) * | 2007-07-25 | 2011-06-01 | Alcon, Inc. | Werkstoffe mit hohem brechungsindex für ophthalmische vorrichtungen |
TW200916531A (en) * | 2007-08-09 | 2009-04-16 | Alcon Inc | Ophthalmic lens materials containing chromophores that absorb both UV and short wavelength visible light |
TWI435915B (zh) * | 2007-08-09 | 2014-05-01 | Alcon Inc | 含有吸收紫外光(uv)及短波長可見光二者的發色團之眼科鏡體材料(一) |
US8216310B2 (en) | 2007-09-28 | 2012-07-10 | Abbott Medical Optics Inc. | Polymer compositions suitable for intraocular lenses and related methods |
US9156949B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2015-10-13 | Abbott Medical Optics Inc. | Silicone containing polymeric materials |
US8530590B2 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2013-09-10 | Abbot Medical Optics Inc. | Soft silicone materials for ophthalmic applications |
US8232363B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2012-07-31 | Abbott Medical Optics Inc. | Silicone containing polymeric materials |
WO2009102454A1 (en) * | 2008-02-12 | 2009-08-20 | Aaren Scientific Inc. | Ophthalmic lens having a yellow dye light blocking component |
TWI453199B (zh) * | 2008-11-04 | 2014-09-21 | Alcon Inc | 用於眼用鏡片材料之紫外光/可見光吸收劑 |
EP2399548B1 (de) | 2009-02-20 | 2017-12-20 | Hoya Corporation | Weiche intraokularlinse und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
BR112012005626A2 (pt) | 2009-09-15 | 2016-08-02 | Novartis Ag | pré-polímeros adequados para tornar lentes de contato de absorção de ultravioleta |
US8927618B2 (en) | 2009-11-18 | 2015-01-06 | Menicon Co., Ltd. | Dye composition for ophthalmic lens, method for producing colored ophthalmic lens using the same, and colored ophthalmic lens |
HUP1000385A2 (en) | 2010-07-21 | 2012-01-30 | Medicontur Orvostechnikai Kft | Alkane diol derivatives preparation thereof and based on them |
KR101423010B1 (ko) | 2010-07-30 | 2014-07-23 | 노파르티스 아게 | 양친매성 폴리실록산 예비중합체 및 그의 용도 |
BR112013008221B1 (pt) | 2010-10-06 | 2020-02-11 | Alcon Inc. | Pré-polímero processável em água, lente de contato de hidrogel de silicone e seu método de fabricação |
WO2012047969A1 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2012-04-12 | Novartis Ag | Water-processable silicone-containing prepolymers and uses thereof |
CA2813469C (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2016-01-12 | Novartis Ag | Polymerizable chain-extended polysiloxanes with pendant hydrophilic groups |
CN103781965B (zh) * | 2011-07-19 | 2016-05-04 | 库柏维景国际控股公司 | 用于隐形眼镜的反应性染料 |
JP5998208B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-27 | 2016-09-28 | 興和株式会社 | 安定な眼内レンズ用重合性紫外線吸収色素 |
CN104395387A (zh) * | 2012-06-26 | 2015-03-04 | 诺华股份有限公司 | 用于眼科镜片材料的2-氨基二苯甲酮紫外线吸收剂 |
US9023915B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-05-05 | Abbott Medical Optics Inc. | Surface treatment of silicone materials |
US9798163B2 (en) | 2013-05-05 | 2017-10-24 | High Performance Optics, Inc. | Selective wavelength filtering with reduced overall light transmission |
US9683102B2 (en) | 2014-05-05 | 2017-06-20 | Frontier Scientific, Inc. | Photo-stable and thermally-stable dye compounds for selective blue light filtered optic |
US11293138B2 (en) | 2016-01-19 | 2022-04-05 | Universiteit Gent | Methods for obtaining colored or chromic substrates |
WO2018099416A1 (zh) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-06-07 | 东莞东阳光科研发有限公司 | 偶氮化合物、聚合物和它们的制备方法及用途 |
JP6784720B2 (ja) | 2018-06-01 | 2020-11-11 | 上海富吉医療器械有限公司Shanghai Chartwell Medical Instrument Co., Ltd. | ポリマー材料および眼内レンズ |
JP7350280B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-27 | 2023-09-26 | 東海光学株式会社 | プラスチック眼鏡レンズ及び眼鏡 |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS581145A (ja) * | 1981-06-25 | 1983-01-06 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | 染料を含有するハロゲン化銀写真感光材料 |
JPS5938742A (ja) * | 1982-08-27 | 1984-03-02 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料 |
JPS63139949A (ja) * | 1986-12-02 | 1988-06-11 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 新規ピラゾロン染料 |
AU611786B2 (en) * | 1988-03-03 | 1991-06-20 | Hoya Corporation | Process for producing intraocular lens for correcting cyanopia |
JPH0323441A (ja) * | 1989-06-20 | 1991-01-31 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料 |
JPH03208043A (ja) * | 1990-01-09 | 1991-09-11 | Konica Corp | ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料 |
JP3030578B2 (ja) * | 1991-08-12 | 2000-04-10 | コニカ株式会社 | 高感度・高鮮鋭性で、かつ処理ムラの少ない白黒用ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料 |
JPH0724052A (ja) | 1993-07-07 | 1995-01-27 | Hoya Corp | 青視症補正用軟性眼内レンズ |
JP3727035B2 (ja) | 1995-03-14 | 2005-12-14 | Hoya株式会社 | ベンゾトリアゾール化合物、それからなる紫外線吸収剤およびそれを含む眼用レンズ |
EP0774686B1 (de) * | 1995-11-14 | 1999-07-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photopgraphische Hochkontrastmaterialien geschützt gegen Aufhelleffekte |
JPH10195324A (ja) | 1997-01-16 | 1998-07-28 | Hoya Corp | 反応性黄色染料およびそれを含む眼用レンズ |
US5989462A (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-11-23 | Q2100, Inc. | Method and composition for producing ultraviolent blocking lenses |
US6197226B1 (en) * | 1998-01-05 | 2001-03-06 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company | Process for tinting a resin having a large refractivity index and optical material tinted by the process |
US6224945B1 (en) * | 1999-08-02 | 2001-05-01 | Essilor International Compagnie Generale D'optique | Process for the manufacture of a crosslinked, transparent, hydrophilic and photochromic polymeric material, and optical and ophthalmic articles obtained |
-
1999
- 1999-04-07 JP JP09968599A patent/JP3449406B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-03-28 TW TW089105724A patent/TW496889B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-04-03 CA CA002304425A patent/CA2304425C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-04 AU AU25246/00A patent/AU763648B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-04 US US09/542,943 patent/US6310215B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-04 NZ NZ503751A patent/NZ503751A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-04-07 BR BR0001567-9A patent/BR0001567A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-04-07 CN CNB001178571A patent/CN1188399C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-07 KR KR1020000018158A patent/KR100568915B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2000-04-07 EP EP00107129A patent/EP1043365B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-07 DE DE60031322T patent/DE60031322T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-07 ES ES00107129T patent/ES2273630T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-07 AT AT00107129T patent/ATE342940T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-04-09 HK HK01102487A patent/HK1031891A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1043365B1 (de) | 2006-10-18 |
DE60031322T2 (de) | 2007-05-31 |
NZ503751A (en) | 2001-02-23 |
EP1043365A1 (de) | 2000-10-11 |
AU763648B2 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
ES2273630T3 (es) | 2007-05-16 |
AU2524600A (en) | 2000-10-12 |
JP2000290256A (ja) | 2000-10-17 |
CN1290699A (zh) | 2001-04-11 |
CN1188399C (zh) | 2005-02-09 |
CA2304425A1 (en) | 2000-10-07 |
BR0001567A (pt) | 2000-10-31 |
KR20010020721A (ko) | 2001-03-15 |
US6310215B1 (en) | 2001-10-30 |
JP3449406B2 (ja) | 2003-09-22 |
DE60031322D1 (de) | 2006-11-30 |
HK1031891A1 (en) | 2001-06-29 |
TW496889B (en) | 2002-08-01 |
CA2304425C (en) | 2009-06-02 |
KR100568915B1 (ko) | 2006-04-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
ATE342940T1 (de) | Polymerisierbare 1,2-dipyrazolylethane als farbstoffe für ophthalmologische kunststofflinsen | |
BR9811860A (pt) | Processo de preparação de materiais para dispositivo oftálmico acrìlico de ìndice de refração alto que podem ser dobrados | |
CA2447686A1 (en) | Monofocal intraocular lens convertible to multifocal intraocular lens | |
ES2127419T3 (es) | Colorantes amarillos polimerizables y su uso en lentes oftalmicas. | |
DE59506905D1 (de) | Diaryl-2h-naphthopyrane | |
JP2008536179A (ja) | 調光コンタクトレンズおよびその製造法 | |
DK0958513T3 (da) | Fremgangsmåde til at reducere blænding forbundet med multifokale ophtalmiske linser | |
DE60041307D1 (de) | UV-absorbierende Kunststofflinse für Brillen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung | |
MX9804484A (es) | Nuevos materiales organicos fotocromicos y no fotocromicos. | |
BR0107415A (pt) | Lentes de contato compreendendo um colorante turquesa | |
DE59304449D1 (de) | Intraokularlinsenset | |
PL1758521T3 (pl) | Fotochromowe soczewki wewnątrzgałkowe i sposoby ich wytwarzania | |
EP0786675A3 (de) | Brillenglas | |
EP0855602A3 (de) | Kunstharzformkorper | |
ATE268564T1 (de) | Augentestsystem | |
KR970007415A (ko) | 안경용 렌즈 | |
EP0609061A3 (de) | Härtbare Zusammensetzung, Polymer, organisches Glass und ophthalmische Linse. | |
EP1331494A4 (de) | Zusammensetzung für ein optisches material, optisches material und kunststofflinse | |
WO2001070722A3 (en) | Polyfunctional thiirane compounds | |
KR900700143A (ko) | 청시증 보정용 안내렌즈의 제조방법 | |
EP1548414A3 (de) | Spektrophotometer mit optischen Filtern und elektrostatischen Verschlüssen | |
DE60319332D1 (de) | Farbstoff für Okularlinsen sowie mit diesem Farbstoff gefärbte Linse | |
AU7794500A (en) | Polymerisable compositions for making transparent polymer substrates, resulting polymer substrates and their uses in optics | |
AU8446298A (en) | Novel polymerisable compositions and optical lenses with high refractive index obtained from said compositions | |
SE9900019L (sv) | Anordning för fokusering i strålgång |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
RER | Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties |