AR065755A1 - Extractos de te para reducir el sabor desagradable de edulcorantes no nutritivos - Google Patents

Extractos de te para reducir el sabor desagradable de edulcorantes no nutritivos

Info

Publication number
AR065755A1
AR065755A1 ARP080101068A ARP080101068A AR065755A1 AR 065755 A1 AR065755 A1 AR 065755A1 AR P080101068 A ARP080101068 A AR P080101068A AR P080101068 A ARP080101068 A AR P080101068A AR 065755 A1 AR065755 A1 AR 065755A1
Authority
AR
Argentina
Prior art keywords
tea
nutritive
reduce
extracts
unagraphable
Prior art date
Application number
ARP080101068A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Glenn Roy
Winsome Johnson
Thomas Lee
Original Assignee
The Concentrate Mfg Co Ireland
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Concentrate Mfg Co Ireland filed Critical The Concentrate Mfg Co Ireland
Publication of AR065755A1 publication Critical patent/AR065755A1/es

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/385—Concentrates of non-alcoholic beverages
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
    • A23L2/60—Sweeteners
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/84—Flavour masking or reducing agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/86—Addition of bitterness inhibitors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Tea And Coffee (AREA)
  • Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
  • Seasonings (AREA)

Abstract

Los aspectos de la solicitud se refieren a composiciones de bebida, que incluyen, por ejemplo, concentrados para bebidas y listas para beber, endulzadas con al menos un edulcorante no nutritivo y que también incluyen al menos un extracto de té enuna cantidad suficiente para reducir las notas de sabor desagradables del edulcorante no nutritivo. En ciertas realizaciones, el extracto de té comprende uno o más extractos de té seleccionados entre el grupo que comprende: té negro, té oolong, téverde, té blanco, té de hierbas y té de cítricos.
ARP080101068A 2007-03-14 2008-03-14 Extractos de te para reducir el sabor desagradable de edulcorantes no nutritivos AR065755A1 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/686,264 US20080226776A1 (en) 2007-03-14 2007-03-14 Tea extracts for reducing off-taste of non-nutritive sweeteners

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
AR065755A1 true AR065755A1 (es) 2009-07-01

Family

ID=39624265

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ARP080101068A AR065755A1 (es) 2007-03-14 2008-03-14 Extractos de te para reducir el sabor desagradable de edulcorantes no nutritivos

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20080226776A1 (es)
EP (2) EP2489282A3 (es)
JP (2) JP2010521178A (es)
CN (1) CN101668435A (es)
AR (1) AR065755A1 (es)
BR (1) BRPI0803108A2 (es)
CA (1) CA2656306A1 (es)
MX (1) MX2009009722A (es)
RU (1) RU2424733C2 (es)
WO (1) WO2008112979A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8277861B2 (en) * 2007-03-14 2012-10-02 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Beverage products having steviol glycosides and at least one acid
US20080226794A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Non-nutritive sweetened beverages with coconut milk
US8277862B2 (en) 2007-03-14 2012-10-02 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Beverage products having steviol glycosides and at least one acid
US9314048B2 (en) 2007-03-14 2016-04-19 The Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Beverage products with non-nutritive sweetener and bitterant
US8084073B2 (en) 2007-03-14 2011-12-27 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Anisic acid modified steviol glycoside sweetened beverage products
US20080226788A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Lhg compositions for reducing lingering bitter taste of steviol glycosides
US8029846B2 (en) 2007-03-14 2011-10-04 The Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Beverage products
US20080226789A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Beverage products with non-nutritive sweetener and bitterant
US20080226795A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Non-nutritive sweetened beverages with glycerine
US9877500B2 (en) 2007-03-14 2018-01-30 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Natural beverage products
US20080226796A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Non-nutritive sweetened beverages with lhg juice concentrate
EP2352505B1 (en) 2008-11-04 2016-07-06 University Of Kentucky Research Foundation D-tagatose-based compositions and methods for preventing and treating atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, and symptoms thereof
US8329239B2 (en) * 2009-03-03 2012-12-11 Givandan S.A. Off-taste masking
US8293299B2 (en) 2009-09-11 2012-10-23 Kraft Foods Global Brands Llc Containers and methods for dispensing multiple doses of a concentrated liquid, and shelf stable Concentrated liquids
JP4848463B2 (ja) * 2010-03-05 2011-12-28 株式会社 伊藤園 カルシウム含有無果汁炭酸飲料
AU2011269080B2 (en) 2010-06-25 2014-02-13 Unilever Ip Holdings B.V. Product comprising Stevia
JP6193571B2 (ja) * 2010-07-09 2017-09-06 サントリー食品インターナショナル株式会社 カフェインを含有する炭酸飲料
CN101946843A (zh) * 2010-09-09 2011-01-19 济南汉定生物工程有限公司 一种零热量的多味冰茶
CN101984837B (zh) * 2010-10-29 2012-12-26 华南农业大学 一种柑桔乌龙茶及其加工方法
GR1007678B (el) * 2011-06-17 2012-08-30 Δημητριος Νικολαου Πολιτοπουλος Ετοιμο προς καταναλωση ροφημα τσαγιου απο αφεψημα του βοτανου "τσαι του βουνου" και μεθοδος παραγωγης του
KR102167159B1 (ko) 2011-09-09 2020-10-16 크래프트 푸즈 그룹 브랜즈 엘엘씨 저장 안정성을 갖는 우려낸 음료 농축물 및 그의 제조 방법
US11013248B2 (en) 2012-05-25 2021-05-25 Kraft Foods Group Brands Llc Shelf stable, concentrated, liquid flavorings and methods of preparing beverages with the concentrated liquid flavorings
CN103815080B (zh) * 2012-11-16 2016-02-10 成都华高瑞甜科技有限公司 苦荞速溶茶及其制备方法
AT14379U1 (de) * 2014-02-13 2015-10-15 Spitz Gmbh S Tee, insbesondere Tee- und/oder Kräutergetränk
CN103907717B (zh) * 2014-03-31 2015-10-14 桂林融通科技有限公司 一种绿茶露的制备方法
CN106714567A (zh) 2014-07-03 2017-05-24 卡夫食品集团品牌有限责任公司 低水咖啡和茶饮料浓缩物及其制造方法
ES2980286T3 (es) * 2016-03-31 2024-09-30 Suntory Holdings Ltd Bebida que contiene estevia
WO2017170998A1 (ja) * 2016-03-31 2017-10-05 サントリー食品インターナショナル株式会社 ステビア含有飲料
ES2975986T3 (es) 2016-03-31 2024-07-19 Suntory Holdings Ltd Bebidas que contienen un compuesto de catequina y RebD y/o RebM
NZ747256A (en) 2016-03-31 2020-04-24 Suntory Holdings Ltd Beverage containing tea polymerized polyphenol and rebd and/or rebm
JP6420009B1 (ja) * 2018-03-30 2018-11-07 サントリーホールディングス株式会社 ティリロサイド及びアルギニンを含有する飲料
CN108323665A (zh) * 2018-04-08 2018-07-27 湖南艾达伦科技有限公司 一种罗汉果轻饮及其制备方法
RU2745573C1 (ru) * 2020-03-27 2021-03-29 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Калининградский государственный технический университет» Натуральная вкусовая овощная добавка в виде порошка
RU2745574C1 (ru) * 2020-03-27 2021-03-29 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Калининградский государственный технический университет» Натуральная вкусовая овощная добавка в замороженном виде
WO2023215812A1 (en) * 2022-05-04 2023-11-09 The Coca-Cola Company Tea beverages with improved taste

Family Cites Families (55)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3296079A (en) * 1963-12-09 1967-01-03 Pfizer & Co C Products sweetened without sugar and characterized by freedom from aftertaste
US3531296A (en) 1967-03-07 1970-09-29 Lipton Inc Thomas J Buffered instant tea extract
US4612942A (en) * 1984-03-08 1986-09-23 Stevia Company, Inc. Flavor enhancing and modifying materials
JPS62232362A (ja) 1986-04-01 1987-10-12 Ajinomoto Co Inc 炭酸飲料
US4830862A (en) 1987-07-31 1989-05-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Calcium-supplemented beverages and beverage concentrates containing low levels of sulfate
US4925686A (en) 1987-12-02 1990-05-15 Leader Candies, Inc. Liquid shelf-stable freezable fruit juice containing composition and method of making the same
JPH03183453A (ja) * 1989-09-08 1991-08-09 Maremitsu Izumitani タンニンを主成分とする味質改良剤、味質改良方法及びタンニンにより味質を改良した食品
US5830523A (en) * 1990-02-28 1998-11-03 Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Low-calorie beverage composition
JPH04104778A (ja) * 1990-08-24 1992-04-07 Calpis Food Ind Co Ltd:The 高甘味度甘味料含有飲料
US5411755A (en) 1993-02-16 1995-05-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Process and composition for sweet juice from cucurbitaceae fruit
CN1071546C (zh) 1994-08-08 2001-09-26 普罗克特和甘保尔公司 含茶和果汁的颜色稳定的组合物
JP3669076B2 (ja) * 1996-09-10 2005-07-06 太陽化学株式会社 食品の製造方法
US5827560A (en) 1997-04-14 1998-10-27 Nestec S.A. Process for producing cold water soluble tea extract
EP0919139A1 (en) 1997-12-01 1999-06-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Beverage comprising an effective amount of a sweetness cutting composition
US6682766B2 (en) * 1997-12-01 2004-01-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Beverage comprising an effective amount of flavanols as sweetness cutting composition
PT1045644E (pt) * 1998-01-05 2003-09-30 Arla Foods Amba Utilizacao de d-tagatose como agente sinergico e melhorador do aroma
US5895672A (en) 1998-01-13 1999-04-20 Cooper; Barry Patrick Wesley Product and process for preparing a tea extract
US6723369B2 (en) * 1999-05-27 2004-04-20 James M. Burgess Carbonated beverage for strengthening acid resistancy of teeth
US20020004092A1 (en) * 2000-02-02 2002-01-10 Riha William E. Low calorie beverages containing high intensity sweeteners and arabinogalactan
AU2001251594A1 (en) 2000-04-17 2001-10-30 Kraton Polymers Research B.V. A process for coupling styrenic block copolymers
EP1328165B1 (en) 2000-10-16 2007-10-10 PepsiCo, Inc. Method for preparing calcium-supplemented beverages
BR0209406B1 (pt) * 2001-04-27 2013-08-06 bebida diet e seu método de produção, bebida de caloria reduzida e seu método de produção, refrigerante de cola e bebida carbonatada gelada de caloria reduzida
RU2300988C2 (ru) * 2001-05-01 2007-06-20 Пепсико, Инк. Применение эритрита и d-тагатозы в напитках и пищевых продуктах с нулевой или пониженной калорийностью
JP3592681B2 (ja) * 2001-05-16 2004-11-24 花王株式会社 容器詰飲料
US20030003212A1 (en) * 2001-06-13 2003-01-02 Givaudan Sa Taste modifiers
KR100851610B1 (ko) * 2001-09-21 2008-08-12 디아이씨 가부시끼가이샤 감미료 및 그 제조 방법
JP3378577B1 (ja) * 2001-09-28 2003-02-17 花王株式会社 飲 料
JP3403400B1 (ja) * 2001-09-28 2003-05-06 花王株式会社 容器詰飲料
JP3843009B2 (ja) * 2001-12-19 2006-11-08 東洋精糖株式会社 呈味が改善された経口材、経口材の呈味の改善方法並びに酵素処理イチョウ葉エキスの使用方法
AU2004257595B2 (en) * 2003-07-03 2007-12-20 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions containing green tea catechins and one or more polyvalent mineral cations
KR101205568B1 (ko) * 2004-10-15 2012-11-27 아지노모토 가부시키가이샤 감미료 조성물
US7923552B2 (en) * 2004-10-18 2011-04-12 SGF Holdings, LLC High yield method of producing pure rebaudioside A
JP4709595B2 (ja) * 2005-07-05 2011-06-22 小川香料株式会社 呈味改善剤、及び呈味の改善方法
US20080226788A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Lhg compositions for reducing lingering bitter taste of steviol glycosides
US20080226799A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Diet Cola Beverages
US8277861B2 (en) * 2007-03-14 2012-10-02 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Beverage products having steviol glycosides and at least one acid
US20080226795A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Non-nutritive sweetened beverages with glycerine
US20080226789A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Beverage products with non-nutritive sweetener and bitterant
US20080226773A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Beverage Sweetened with Rebaudioside A
US20080226802A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Beverage having natural sweeteners with one or more stevia components and source of berry
US20080226800A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Diet cola beverages
US8084073B2 (en) * 2007-03-14 2011-12-27 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Anisic acid modified steviol glycoside sweetened beverage products
US9877500B2 (en) * 2007-03-14 2018-01-30 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Natural beverage products
US20080226803A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Natural flavoring agent for sugar-sweetened tea beverage to taste like high fructose corn syrup-sweetened beverage
US20080226787A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Ammoniated Glycyrrhizin Modified Sweetened Beverage Products
US8277862B2 (en) * 2007-03-14 2012-10-02 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Beverage products having steviol glycosides and at least one acid
US20080226790A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Long chain fatty acids for reducing off-taste of non-nutritive sweeteners
US20080226798A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Cola Beverages
US20080226794A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Non-nutritive sweetened beverages with coconut milk
US8029846B2 (en) * 2007-03-14 2011-10-04 The Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Beverage products
US20080226796A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Non-nutritive sweetened beverages with lhg juice concentrate
US7964232B2 (en) * 2007-09-17 2011-06-21 Pepsico, Inc. Steviol glycoside isomers
US20090162488A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2009-06-25 The Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Beverage products and flavor systems having a non-sweetening amount of monatin
US20090162487A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2009-06-25 The Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Beverage products and flavor systems having a non-sweetening amount of rebaudioside a
US20090162484A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2009-06-25 The Concentrate Manufacturing Company Of Ireland Beverage having a non-sweetening amount of a potent natural sweetener

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2120606A1 (en) 2009-11-25
EP2489282A2 (en) 2012-08-22
EP2489282A3 (en) 2012-12-05
RU2424733C2 (ru) 2011-07-27
CA2656306A1 (en) 2008-09-18
WO2008112979A1 (en) 2008-09-18
JP2010521178A (ja) 2010-06-24
RU2008151094A (ru) 2010-06-27
JP2012143255A (ja) 2012-08-02
BRPI0803108A2 (pt) 2011-08-30
CN101668435A (zh) 2010-03-10
US20080226776A1 (en) 2008-09-18
MX2009009722A (es) 2009-10-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AR065755A1 (es) Extractos de te para reducir el sabor desagradable de edulcorantes no nutritivos
AR078590A2 (es) Una bebida de te endulzada con rebaudiosido a, eritritol y d-tagatosa
AR065747A1 (es) Una bebida que tiene edulcorantes naturales con uno o mas componentes de stevia y una fuente de baya
CO2018010825A2 (es) Bebidas solubles con sabores y aromas potenciados
PE20142100A1 (es) Bebidas y extractos con mejoras
CA3027078C (en) Proanthocyanidin-rich plant extract
AR074767A1 (es) Bebida no alcoholica extracto de cascara de uva y metodos de preparacion de los mismos
AR075211A1 (es) Una bebida que comprende fitoquimicos de citricos microencapsulados que comprenden limonoides de citricos
AR065753A1 (es) Composiciones de lhg para reducir el sabor amargo persistente de los glicosidos de esteviol
AR060780A1 (es) Composicon de bebida gasificada a base de jugos con antioxidante
AR056180A1 (es) Composiciones de edulcorante sintetico con perfil de sabor y/ o perfil temporal mejorado, metodos para su formulacion y usos
CO6321199A2 (es) Bebidas con sabores y aromas intensificados y metodo para elaborarlas
AR075212A1 (es) Una bebida que comprende fitoquimicos citricos microencapsulados que comprenden limonoides citricos
GT200600281A (es) Mezcla ácida de bebida deportiva para reducir o eliminar el gustillo
UY29928A1 (es) Composiciones edulcorantes naturales de alta intensidad con perfil temporal y/o perfil de sabor mejorados, metodos para sus formulaciones, y usos.
AR080973A2 (es) Agente saborizante natural para conferir a una bebida con te azucarada, un sabor similar al de una bebida edulcorada con jarabe de maiz de alto contenido de fructosa
PE20171642A1 (es) Alimentos y bebidas saborizados
WO2006135785A3 (en) Compositions and methods for treating immune disorders
BR112018069778A2 (pt) produto de bebida com sabor melhorado e método de melhorar o sabor do mesmo
CO6410261A2 (es) Bebida que reduce el colesterol sérico
NZ606663A (en) Carbonated drinks containing caffeine
BRPI0804492A2 (pt) bebida de vinho com substáncias estimulantes
RS20060687A (en) Hawthorn berry brandy
UA106284C2 (ru) Напиток безалкогольный соковый "сбитень киевский"
UA45803U (en) Birch drink "nadia"

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FG Grant, registration