CN1659819A - 通过分组标识符映射的内容替换 - Google Patents
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Abstract
用于符合本发明的一些实施例的内容替换的方法和设备包含接收表示内容的数据(108),所述数据至少具有与内容的第一和第二部分相关的第一和第二分组标识符(PID)。具有第一PID的内容被放入数据流(112)。接收指示开始PID映射操作的开始标志(116)。然后,具有第二PID的内容映射到第一PID(124),以及映射内容被放入数据流。接收指示PID映射操作终止的终止标志,这时过程返回到把具有第一PID的内容放入数据流。内容替换过程可用来替换广告,提供多个情节、多个结局、多个视图以及其它应用。
Description
相关文献的交叉引用
本申请是以下专利申请的部分继续申请:Unger等人的题为“关键分组部分加密”、档案号为SNY-R4646.01、序号为10/038217的专利申请;Candelore等人的题为“时分部分加密”、档案号为SNY-R4646.02、序号为10/038032的专利申请;Candelore的题为“基本流部分加密”、档案号为SNY-R4646.03、序号为10/037914的专利申请;Unger等人的题为“部分加密和PID映射”、档案号为SNY-R4646.04、序号为10/037499的专利申请;以及Unger等人的题为“部分加密信息的解码和解密”、档案号为SNY-R4646.05、序号为10/037498的专利申请,它们均于2002年1月2日提交并通过引用结合到本文中;本申请还涉及2002年9月9日提交的Candelore的题为“内容替换的一般PID重新映射”、序号为60/409675、档案号为50S5152的美国临时专利申请并要求其优先权;本申请还涉及2002年4月16日提交的Candelore的题为“内容替换应用的一般PID重新映射”、序号为60/372870、档案号为50S5066的美国临时专利申请并要求其优先权。本申请还涉及以下专利申请:Candelore等人的题为“基于视频条带和活动区的双部分加密”的美国专利申请,序号为10/273905,2002年10月18日提交,档案号为SNY-R4854.01;Candelore等人的题为“星式部分加密”的专利申请,序号为10/273903,2002年10月18日提交,档案号为SNY-S5064.01;Candelore等人的题为“片掩模和沟式部分加密”的专利申请,序号为10/274084,2002年10月18日提交,档案号为SNY-S5065.01;Candelore等人的题为“视频画面变化检测”的专利申请,序号为10/274019,2002年10月18日提交,档案号为SNY-S5162.01。通过引用将上述各申请结合到本文中。
著作权声明
本专利文档的公开的一部分包含受到著作权保护的素材。著作权所有者不反对传真复制本专利文档或专利公开,因为它出现在专利和商标局专利文件或记录中,但在其它方面仍保留所有著作权权益。
发明领域
一般来讲,本发明涉及关于数字视频的视频领域。更具体来讲,本发明涉及用于提供数字视频内容的选择性替换的方法和设备。
发明背景
传统的数字视频内容、如MPEG视频可采取单一节目、电影或其它内容的形式,服务提供商或用户没有机会通过选择备选内容来修改观看体验。已经提出各种机制来提供交互式内容,但通常这类建议因昂贵而无法实现,可能占用大量带宽,并且可能要求包括服务器和/或其它支持设备在内的昂贵的专用设备。因此,虽然需要允许视频内容的最终观众剪裁观看内容以及处理内容的“交互式”应用,但市场上至今没有出现任何经济可行的系统。
附图简介
被认为新颖的本发明的特征将在所附权利要求中具体阐述。但是,通过参照以下结合附图描述本发明的某些示范实施例的发明详细说明,可最佳地理解关于操作的组织和方法的本发明本身及其目的和优点,附图中:
图1是流程图,说明符合本发明的一些实施例的内容替换过程。
图2是符合本发明的一些实施例的有线系统的框图。
图3是符合本发明的一些实施例的控制计算机的框图。
图4说明符合本发明的一些实施例的替换广告。
图5说明符合本发明的一些实施例的多情节、多结局电影。
图6说明符合本发明的一些实施例的标记。
图7说明符合本发明的一些实施例的本地横幅广告的替换及标志的添加。
图8是符合本发明的一些实施例的解码器状态机的状态图。
图9说明符合本发明的一些实施例的替换模式。
图10说明符合本发明的一些实施例的插入模式。
图11说明符合本发明的一些实施例的插入/删除模式。
图12说明符合本发明的一些实施例的数字电视机顶盒的示范系统配置。
发明详细说明
虽然本发明容许有许多不同形式的实施例,但图中示出且本文将详细描述具体实施例,同时要理解,本公开应视为本发明原理的实例,而不是用于把本发明限制于所示及所述的具体实施例。在以下说明中,类似的参考标号用来描述在附图的若干视图中相同、相似或相应的部分。
术语“加扰”和“加密”及其变形在本文中以同义使用。术语“视频”在本文中可用于不仅包含真实的视觉信息,而且还在通俗意义上(例如“录像机”)包含视频信号以及相关的音频和数据。本文献一般使用“双选择性加密”实施例的实例,但本领域的技术人员知道,本发明可用来实现多重部分加密,而没有背离本发明。术语“部分加密”和“选择性加密”在本文中以同义使用。另外,术语“节目”和“电视节目”及相似术语可按照常规通俗意义来解释,以及该术语表示可在电视机或类似监视器装置上显示的A/V内容的任何片段的含义。本文所用的术语“遗留”表示用于现有有线和卫星系统的现有技术。本文所公开的示范实施例通过电视机顶盒(STB)进行解码,但预计这种技术不久将结合到所有类型的电视接收机中,无论是单独装在独立外壳中,还是与记录和/或重放设备或条件访问(CA)解密模块结合,或者在电视机本身内。本文献一般使用“双部分加密”实施例的实例,但本领域的技术人员知道,本发明可用来实现多重部分加密,而没有背离本发明。本文所用的术语“封装媒体”及类似术语意在涵盖诸如数字多功能盘(DVD)、小型光盘(CD)之类的记录媒体或者其它磁、光或其它记录过的媒体,与可电子下载的数据流相对,它一般作为包含电子存储媒体的封装销售,并作为零售商品出售。
上述共同拥有的专利申请描述与在本文中一般称作部分加密或选择性加密的方法的各个方面有关的发明。更具体来讲,描述了一些系统,在这些系统中,数字内容的特定选集的所选部分利用两种(或两种以上)加密技术来加密,而该内容的其它部分保持未加密。加密部分被标识并且通过使用多个分组标识符彼此区分。通过适当地选择待加密的部分,内容可以被有效地加密,以便在多个解密系统中使用,而不需要对整个内容选集加密。在部分实施例中,只需要一小部分数据开销来利用多个加密系统有效地对内容加密。这使有线或卫星系统能够在单一系统中采用多个制造商生产的条件访问(CA)接收器的机顶盒或其它实现-从而使有线或卫星公司不需要以竞争方式购买机顶盒的提供商。
以上专利申请中所述的部分加密过程采用任何适当的加密方法。但是,这些加密技术有选择地应用于数据流,而不是利用上述专利申请中所述的技术对整个数据流加密。一般来讲,但不是意在限制,选择性加密过程采用待加密信息的智能选择,使得整个节目不需要经过双重加密。通过适当选择要加密的数据,节目素材可有选择地被加扰,并躲避希望入侵该系统并且不付费而非法恢复商业内容的人。用于表示音频和视频数据的MPEG(或类似格式)数据利用对逐帧的信息冗余度的高度信任来进行这种操作。某种数据可作为表示色度和亮度数据的“锚”数据来传送。该数据通常仅在屏幕周围移动,以便通过发送描述块移动的运动矢量来产生后续帧。色度和亮度数据的变化也编码为变化而不是绝对锚数据的重新编码。因此,例如,这个锚数据或其它关键数据的加密可有效地使视频不可见。
根据符合上述发明的一些实施例,待加密的所选视频数据可以是以下各项中的任何单项或者组合(在上述申请中更详细地说明):出现在视频帧的活动区的视频条带标题,表示视频帧的活动区的数据,视频帧内星式的数据,表示画面变化的数据,I帧分组,在I帧之后的第一P帧中包含运动矢量的分组,具有intra_slice_flag指示符集的分组,具有intra_slice指示符集的分组,包含intra_coded宏块的分组,包含intra_coded宏块的条带的数据,来自视频条带标题之后的第一宏块的数据,包含视频条带标题、锚数据和逐渐刷新视频数据的P帧数据的分组,在视频帧上排列成垂直和/或水平沟式的数据,以及任何其它使视频和/或音频难以使用的所选数据。在上述专利申请中公开了若干这类技术以及其它技术,其中任一个(或其它技术)可与本发明配合用于仅对内容的一部分进行加密。
为了区分利用根据上述发明的多个加密算法进行加密的两个或两个以上数字电视信号,使用多个分组标识符(PID)。通常用单组分组标识符来标识特定的电视节目。当电视信号在上述申请中所述的多重选择性加密配置下被加密时,对纯内容分配第一组PID,对各组加密内容分配另一组PID(在一些实施例中,一组加密内容可与未加密内容共用同一个PID)。然后,正接收的STB把全部适当内容重新映射到单个PID供重放。在上述专利申请中详细描述了此过程。
本发明利用与单项内容相关的多个PID作为提供内容替换的机制。内容替换可用于以任意方式提供电视节目的增强级定制。例如,通过用一个广告替换另一个广告,内容替换可用于向观众提供目标广告。内容替换也可用来提供节目的多个结局、情节或其它片段,或者在运动比赛转播或其它节目中提供多个视图。本发明的内容替换的其它应用将在本论述过程中进行说明。利用本发明可在不需要带宽的显著增加的情况下以适当的硬件成本来帮助这些应用及其它应用的每个应用。
现在参照图1,图中示出符合本发明的一些实施例的整个内容替换过程100,该过程从104开始。在108接收内容,其中具有由多个PID(例如在本例中为PID A和PID B)所标识的部分,它们表示该内容的多个可能性(例如多个广告、标志、情节、结局、人物等)。这个内容可作为内容流来接收(如在有线或卫星电视传输中那样),或者可通过封装媒体或下载文件的形式提供。在任何情况下,在112,一般利用以特定分组标识符(例如PID A)标明的内容的主要部分来开始处理操作(例如内容的重放或传送)。在116,检查内容以确定是否满足指定的替换标准。例如,这种标准可能是本地内容发行商希望以本地或区域广告、水印或标志取代的全国性广告、水印或标志的出现;或者这种标准可能需要由最终用户选择特定情节、人物或结局。
如果在116没有满足标准,则主要内容(PID A)的处理在120继续进行。如果在116满足了标准,则在124执行内容替换(例如通过用具有PID B的内容替换具有PID A的内容,或者通过执行本文所述的其它内容替换操作中的任一个,其中包括但不限于一对一替换、一对一插入或者多对一插入/删除)。这种替换可能需要重新映射PID值,使得解码器或其它处理器仅仅继续处理具有相同PID的内容。或者,解码器可编程为选择所替换的内容(当存在时)而不是主要内容。从120或124,控制转到128,其中检查内容以确定是否已经到达结尾。如果没有,则控制返回到116的处理内容。如果到达结尾,则过程在132停止。
因此,符合本发明的一些实施例的内容替换方法包括:接收表示内容的数据,该数据至少具有与内容的第一和第二部分相关的第一和第二分组标识符(PID);播放具有第一PID的内容;确定已经满足替换标准;以及用具有第二PID的内容替换具有第一PID的内容。
例如,根据此过程,本地有线运营商可接收包含多组广告(广告片)的节目。根据本地运营商的地理位置,主要内容可与更适合于本地有线运营商的地理位置或市场的若干区域广告中适当的一个一起重传。在另一个实例中,具有多个可选结局的电影可从有线运营商向其用户广播。然后,用户可在观看影片之前或期间决定更喜欢哪个结局并进行选择。用户把命令发送到STB,STB通过选择与特定PID相关的结局并把该PID重新映射到主节目的PID来选择用户所希望的备选结局。其它许多实例是本领域的技术人员在思考本论述之后会想到的。
现在参照图2,示范有线系统表示为200。在此系统中,卫星天线204接收来自卫星传输、如HITSTM(空中头端)馈送的复用内容流。所接收的内容流在卫星接收器208被接收、解调及解密,以及具有可替换信息的内容被传递到PID映射器和标志插入器212,其功能通过以下论述将变得十分清楚。附加内容可从本地内容数据库216或其它内容源检索。或者,具有多PID编码可替换部分的内容可直接从卫星系统接收。在一个实施例中,在212,PID映射器和标志插入器把来自无论什么源的输入内容映射到主要内容的一组主PID以及可替换内容的一组辅助或影子PID。在输入数据已经具有多PID编码内容的另一个实施例中,可指示PID映射器重新映射PID,从而只选择所需内容。标志可在212被插入到内容中,以便标识内容替换开始和结束的位置。
然后,内容传递到PSI/PMT插入器220,它把节目相关信息(PSI)和节目映射表(PMT)插入内容流中,供解码端在对节目解码时使用。如果内容要被加密,则它可在调制器(例如QAM调制器)230处调制之前通过加密器224。然后,经调制的内容流经由电缆线路236传送到具有解码盒、如机顶盒240和244的最终用户。包括但不限于内容替换的PID映射的电缆头端的操作在控制计算机300的控制下执行。
这种系统可用来组成符合本发明的一些实施例的内容替换编码器,其中接收表示主要内容以及表示替换内容的输入数据。分组标识符(PID)映射器把主PID分配给主要内容,以及把辅助PID分配给替换内容。专用数据发生器产生用户专用数据,它通过主PID标识主要内容,以及通过辅助PID标识替换内容。然后,专用数据、映射到主PID的主要内容以及映射到辅助PID的替换内容被组装为数据流。
图1的过程100可在作为图2-3的控制计算机300工作的任何适当的编程通用计算机上执行。计算机300具有一个或多个中央处理器(CPU)310,其中一条或多条相关总线314用于以已知方式把中央处理器310连接到随机存取存储器318和非易失性存储器322。提供了输出装置326、如显示器和打印机,以便显示和/或打印输出供MSO(多服务运营商)使用,以及提供用户界面、如图形用户界面(GUI)。同样,可提供如键盘、鼠标和可拆卸媒体读取器330等输入装置供操作员输入信息。计算机300还结合了内部和/或外部附属光盘或其它大容量存储器334(例如光盘和/或光存储装置),用于存储大量信息,包括但不限于操作系统和内容替换过程程序以及内容(它很可能存储在附属大容量存储装置、如本地内容数据库216中)。计算机系统300还具有接口338,用于连接到有线系统头端中的受控装置。虽然描绘为单一计算机,但数字内容提供商可采用多个链接计算机来执行本文所述的功能。
以上说明在很大程度上假定可替换内容将被插入到有线系统头端,但本领域的技术人员理解,本内容替换概念可通过许多方式实现,从而允许多层上的内容替换,以便用于多个目的。例如,如果有线客户正在观看交互电视演出,则客户的选择(例如通过遥控器)可用来建立选择特定替换(例如结局选择)的标准。但是,例如通过用本地广告替换全国性广告或者用本地频道标志替换全国性标志(或者附加本地频道标志),电缆头端也可实现根据符合本发明的一些实施例的内容替换。
现在考虑符合本发明的一个示范实施例,其中,内容提供商希望例如在有线电视系统中向若干组客户提供备选广告。在本例中,假定有线电视客户可根据例如存储在有线系统头端的客户简档分为三类。现在参照图4,说明具有与其相关的三个独立广告354、356和358的示范电视节目350。为了分离三个广告,采用三个独立的PID组(为简洁起见,假定每个广告有一个PID)。在主要广告354送往一个观众的情况下,广告354可与节目内容共用同一个PID(例如100)。
第一备选广告356由备选PID(例如PID 101)标识,第二备选广告由另一个备选PID(例如PID 102)标识。因此,为了提供主要广告,不需要把任何特殊指令传送到解码器(例如电视STB),因为它是与节目内容共用的,并且将按照缺省方式显示。对于将对备选广告356解码的解码器,把指令从有线系统头端发送到解码器,指示它们每当遇到PID 101时均使用具有这个PID的内容来替换PID 100。同样,对于将对备选广告358解码的解码器,把指令从有线系统头端发送到解码器,指示它们每当遇到PID 102时均使用具有这个PID的内容来代替PID 100。在一个实施例中,具有PID 100的视频数据的各分组具有带PID 101和PID 102的相应分组。在其它实施例中,不需要一对一相关。在任何情况下,应该以一种允许在解码器对分组进行适当排序的处理的方式来维护分组计数。
在本例中,内容被并列显示,以便说明作为该过程的本质的直接替换。但是,如图4所示,内容可排列成分组序列,它们系统地呈现主要内容,其后跟随第一备选内容,然后是第二备选内容,然后该序列重复。在各种实施例中,具有主PID和辅助PID的相应分组可按照主PID之后跟随辅助PID或者辅助PID之后跟随主PID的顺序出现。分组的交替避免了分组接收中的不必要延迟,并帮助保持分组的顺序。在主分组与辅助分组之间存在一对一相关的情况下,主分组和辅助分组中每一个可保留用来建立呈现顺序的分组编号。这种编号可通过解码过程改变,从而保留所接收内容的顺序。只要未背离本发明,其它实施例也是可行的。
除了由有线系统MSO为多组客户提供目标广告之外,还可实现类似的技术,通过把例如多个区域广告嵌入单一数据流中并利用本地网络或有线运营商处的PID的重新映射选择给定区域的适当广告,为网络配备提供区域广告的能力。因此,图4所示的三个广告同样可以表示三个区域广告,例如一个用于美国东海岸、一个用于美国中部以及一个用于美国西海岸,或者具有或多或少备选广告的任何其它适当的区域分割。
图5说明一个示范实施例,其中,内容替换可用来提供作为封装媒体内容(例如数字多功能盘DVD)存储的或者来自内容提供商、如有线电视MSO的影片中的备选情节和结局。在本实施例中,例如,主要影片360采用主PID 110来传送或存储。这个影片可通过三个情节和三个结局来播放,它们可例如通过观众使用在影片重放过程中进行的选择或者在影片重放过程中进行的周期性判定来选择。第一情节A362采用与影片的主要部分相同的PID 110,如主要结局A 364那样。当客户选择情节A和结局A(分别或共同)时,电视STB中的解码器为整个影片选择PID 110。情节B 368以相同方式与PID 111相关,如结局B 372那样。情节C 376以同样方式与PID 112相关,如结局C 380那样。当观众选择情节B和/或结局B时,STB解码器被指示用PID 111替换PID 100,从而选择备选情节B和/或结局B。同样,当观众选择情节C和/或结局C时,STB解码器被指示使用PID 112替换PID 100,从而选择备选情节C和/或结局C。
参照图6,使用特定PID、如PID 120的节目384包含具有PID 120的空白部分388,其中,信息的备选部分用作标记PID 392。
如上所述的利用备选PID的内容替换可用于任何目的。图7说明利用本发明的内容替换技术的广告横幅的替换以及标志或水印的补充。在本实施例中,主要内容的片段表示为分为若干水平条带的电视屏幕400,因为这样信息将采用MPEG数字编码进行编码。第一广告、如全国性广告404表示为出现在屏幕左上方附近的图像的若干连续条带中。标志或水印408出现在图像400的右下方附近的一个条带中。利用内容替换,可创建新的屏幕。包含广告404的分组可由包含本地或其它备选广告横幅412的分组来替换。同样,水印408可通过使用视频图像的条带内的一些分组的内容替换来替换或补充。在本例中,网络标志408可通过替换携带补充标志的分组,由另一个标志(例如本地频道或其它标志)来补充。
这些只是可利用本发明的PID映射技术实现的内容处理类型的几个实例。其它若干实例在下表中列出,但本领域的技术人员在思考本论述之后会想到更多实例。
应用 | 主PID | 替换内容 | 替换(R),插入(I)或本地(L) | 注释 | |
辅助PID | 本地 | ||||
常规节目 | 常规节目 | 基于主PID发送的主要内容 | |||
广告 | 全国性广告 | 区域广告 | R | ||
横幅广告 | 全国性标记 | 区域标记 | R | 曲棍球冰场周围的示例横幅 | |
标志 | 主标志 | 本地机构 | R或I | 例如PBS和KPBS | |
对象编码 | 例如影片中的人物 | 例如替换影片中的人物 | R和I | MPEG 4编码 | |
实时标记 | 标记分组 | 服务ID单元地址 | 具有L的R | 来自内容解码器的单元地址信息 | |
具有多个情节和/或结局的影片 | 影片中未改变的部分 | 不同版本 | R和I | 影片可具有不同的次要情节和结局 | |
具有不同视图的运动比赛转播 | 运动比赛转播中未改变的部分 | 动作的不同视图 | R和I | 例如棒球比赛可采用多个动作视图呈现 | |
新压缩升级 | 旧压缩成分 | 新压缩成分 | R和I | 例如MPEG 2 |
流中发送的MPEG 4 |
现在参看图8,示出一个状态图,它说明符合本发明的一些实施例、用于实现对具有多个PID的传输流进行解码的解码器的机制。下表中说明状态图的编号路径:
路径编号 | 条件 |
450 | 从初始化状态转变 |
452 | PID=A:队列分组 |
454 | (PID=B,模式=2):PID=A:队列分 |
456 | (PID=B,模式=1):PID=A:队列分组 |
458 | PID=A:PID=NULL |
460 | (PID=B,Queue_on_Error):Error_IRQn |
462 | (PID=B,Queue_on_Error):PID=A:队列分组:Error_IRQn |
464 | Decode_RSTn+MPEG传输错误 |
466 | PID=B:PID=A:队列分组 |
468 | (PID=B,模式=4):PID=A:队列分组 |
470 | Decode_RSTn+MPEG传输错误 |
472 | PID=A:PID=NULL |
474 | PID=B:PID=A:队列分组 |
476 | PID=A:PID=NULL |
478 | Decode_RSTn+MPEG传输错误 |
状态表
主PID分组由辅助PID分组替换称作“替换模式”。辅助PID分组可以不替换主PID分组而被插入流中。这种模式称作“插入模式”。实际上,解码器可用于其中两种操作同时有效的模式。这称作“插入和删除模式”。所有三个分立解码器模式是彼此排他的,并且按照各模式特定的一系列状态转变。通过解码器相关的可变模式以信号通知有效模式。如果模式值被设置为零,则不启用解码,并且忽略传输解码器状态机。如果模式值为无效(没有专门定义的状态),则采取与模式设置为零时的同样动作,即,忽略传输解码器状态机。下面详细说明各模式的状态转变的定义。
用于对编码传输流解码的算法体现在图8的状态机中。表示状态和状态方程/动作的Petri网可结合上述状态表从图8中得出。该算法具有四个工作状态,其中系统主要保持的是状态1。仅当遇到包含影子PID(不是主PID)的分组时才进入状态2。根据通过来自头端的PSI中的信息传递建立的系统模式,可采取到两个完全不同的第二状态的不同路径。
状态机可通过硬件或者软件来实现,取决于IC制造商的设备体系结构。在编程处理器上的软件实现可一般预期提供设计方面的更大灵活性。
一种错误情况被识别(非法状态转变)。这种错误是除了例如连续计数、传输错误等MPEG传输层错误之外的唯一错误。Error_IRQn是对没有插入遗留分组的两个相邻影子分组的检测,其中n表示特定解码器的编号。根据解码器相关变量queue_on_error的设置,可发生两个不同的操作。如果该变量设置为真,则解码器将处理第二影子分组(PID=B),象无错误的情况一样。如果该变量设置为假,则丢弃第二影子分组。
每当插入或删除分组时,主要流(PID=A)的连续计数(CC)将通过适当调整CC来保留。decode_RSTn变量是非锁存位,它可通过配置寄存器来设置或者由其它功能访问,以便迫使解码器状态机n成为已知状态。
解码器传输处理算法的操作的一种模式称作替换模式。这种模式如图9所示,其中,具有如502、504和506之类的PID B的分组通过用PID A替换PID B被插入传输流,从而产生具有包含匹配A的PID字段的所需内容分组的符合MPEG的传输流的分组512、514和516,其中A是先前在解码器的配置寄存器中定义的13位值。对PIDA分组执行“无操作”。在“主”状态、即状态1,例如508的分组变成例如510的分组被发送到传输滤波器输出队列,供进一步处理、如A/V解压缩和显示。在模式1,在接收到替换标志520之后,在接收到具有匹配B的PID字段的MPEG分组时,解码器状态机从状态1转变到状态2A。B是先前在解码器的配置寄存器中定义的13位值。B表示用来替换下一个出现的具有匹配A的PID的遗留分组的辅助或“影子”分组。B分组的PID值在插入流之前改变为A。因转变到状态2A时而发生替换,B分组内容被发送到传输滤波器输出队列。
当收到下一个A PID时发生返回到状态1。在这种情况下,它不进行排队而被转换为NULL(0x1fff)PID值,从而有效地将它从流中擦除而没有改变整个流定时,正如在物理上删除时出现的情况一样。也可通过接收表明替换模式结束的另一个替换标志524来发信号通知返回到状态1。
解码器传输处理算法的另一个操作模式称作插入模式,这在图10中说明,用于具有包含匹配A的PID字段的所需内容分组的符合MPEG的传输流,其中A是先前在解码器的配置寄存器中定义的13位值。在“主”状态、即状态1,A分组被发送到传输滤波器输出队列,供进一步处理、如A/V解压缩和显示。在模式2中,解码器状态机不会从状态1转变。在收到具有匹配B的PID字段的MPEG分组时,B表示待插入具有改变为A的PID值的流中的辅助或“影子”分组,其中B是先前在解码器的配置寄存器中定义的13位值。在此模式中,因收到插入标志530而会发生从状态1到状态2B的转变。PID B分组、如534和536被插入到传输流,作为PID A分组、如538和540。插入模式可通过接收到下一个插入标志544来终止。
具有包含匹配A的PID字段的所需内容分组的符合MPEG的传输流的插入/删除模式的解码器传输处理算法如图11所示,其中A是先前在解码器的配置寄存器中定义的13位值。在“主”状态、即状态1,A分组、如508被发送到传输滤波器输出队列,供进一步处理、如A/V解压缩和显示,并且变成分组510。在模式4中,在接收到具有匹配B的PID字段的MPEG分组时,解码器状态机从状态1转变到状态2B,其中B是先前在解码器的配置寄存器中定义的13位值,B表示待插入的辅助或“影子”分组,其中PID改变为匹配A。在状态2B时接收的具有匹配A的PID值的任何分组将产生到状态3的转变,分组PID改变为NULL,从而有效地将它从传输流中删除。在状态3时所接收的具有匹配A的PID的所有后续分组也会使其PID值变为NULL,例如分组550、552、554和556变为NULL,作为560、562、564和566。至/自状态1的转变可分别通过插入/删除标志570和574来发起和终止。在状态3时,具有PID B的分组、如580和582被转换成具有例如586和588的PID的分组。
当接收到具有B PID值的下一个分组,并且将它排队并转换为APID值时,发生返回到状态2B。同样,当相应地接收到具有B PID值的下一个分组,并且也将它排队并转换为A PID值时,发生从状态2B返回至返回状态1。
如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,替换过程包括利用专用信令来选择具有第二PID的内容单元,以及丢弃具有第一PID的内容单元。
在符合本发明的方法中,专用信令可用来选择基于辅助PID的内容单元,同时接收具有主PID的内容。或者,专用信令可用来选择具有辅助PID的多个内容单元,同时丢弃具有主PID的若干内容单元。同样,专用信令可用来选择具有辅助PID的多个内容单元,同时接收具有主PID的若干内容单元。另外,专用信令可用于从选择具有辅助PID的多个内容单元、同时丢弃具有主PID的若干内容单元的模式转换到选择具有辅助PID的多个内容单元、同时接收具有主PID的内容的模式。专用信令还可用于从选择具有辅助PID的多个内容单元以及接收具有主PID的多个内容单元的模式转换到选择具有辅助PID的多个内容单元、同时丢弃具有主PID的若干内容单元的模式。
具有辅助PID的内容单元在具有主PID的相应内容单元之前或之后发送。替换操作可通过构成数据流中分组的适配层的一部分的专用信令来发起和终止。适配层可位于具有辅助PID、主PID或另一个PID的分组中。
作为参考,提供以下两个表格,它们调出分别用于MPEG传输分组和MPEG传输流适配字段的语法:
语法 | 位数 | 助记符 |
transport_packet(){sync_bytetransport_crror_indicatorpaylond_unit_start_indicatortransport_priorityPXDtransport_acrambling_controladaptation_field_controlcontinuity_counterif(adaptation_field_control==′10′‖adaptation_field_control==′11′){adaptation_field()}if(adaptation_field_control==′01′‖adaptation_field_control=′11′){for(i=0;i<N;I++){data_byte}}} | 8111132248 | bslbfbslbfbslbfbslbfuimsbfbslbfbslbfuimsbfbslbf |
传输分组
语法 | 位数 | 值 | 助记符 |
adaptation_field(){adaptation_field_lengthif(adaptation_field_lenth □0){discontinuity_Indicatorrandom_necess_indicatorelememiary_stream_priority_IndicatorPCR_flagOPCR_flagsplicing_point_flagtransport_private_data_flagadaptation_field_extension_flagif(PCR_flag□□′1′){Program_clock_reference_baseReservedProgram_clock_reference_extension}if(OPCR_flag:□□′1′){Original_program_clock_reference_baseReservedOriginal_progrnm_clock_reference_extcnsion}if(splicing_point_flag □□′1′){splice_counidown}if(transport_privatc_data_flag □□′1′){transport_private_data_lengthfor(i□0;i□transport_private_data_length,i){private_data_byte}}if(adaptation_field_extension_flag□□′1′){adaptation_field_extension_lengthltw_flagplecewise_rate_flagseamless_spiice_flagReservedif(ltw_flag,.′1′){Ltw_valid_flagLtw_offset}if(piecewise_rate_flag□□′1′){ReservedPiecewise_rate}if(geamless_splice_flag□□′1′){splice_lypeDTS_next_AU(32..30]marler_bitDTS_next_AU(29..15)marker_bitDTS_next_AU[14..0]marker_bit}for(i□0;i□N;i){Reserved}}for(i□0;i□N;i){Stuffing_byte}}} | 811111111336933698888111511522243115115188 | xx00001N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A | uimsbfbslbfbslbfbslbfbslbfbslbfbslbfbslbfbslbfuimsbfbslbfuimsbfuimsbfbslbfuimsbfteimsbfuimsbfbslbfuimsbfbslbfbslbfbslbfbslbfbslbfuimsbfbslbfuimsbfbslbfbslbfbslbfbslbfbslbfbslbfbslbfbslbfbslbf |
传输流适配字段
用于配置和控制解码器模块的许多信息来自包含在传输流中并由STB中间件解码的MPEG PSI数据。配置和控制可在必要时利用对当前解码器特定的MPEG PSI规范的扩展来实现。在符合本发明的一些实施例中,下表定义所使用的扩展以及专用数据语法。
语法 | 位数 | 助记符 |
transport_private_data(){if(transport_private_data_length>0){Decoder applicationDecoder modeif(Decoder application==′1′){ReservedDecoder mode_3 (Multi-to-One Insertion&Deletion)Decoder mode_2 (One-to-One Insertion)Decoder mode_1 (One-to-One Substitution)}/***Multi-to-One Deletion&Insertion***/if(Decoder application==′1′&Decoder mode=3){termination flagReservedprimary PID packets to delete(Optional)Lengthif(length>0){Reservedprimary PIDReservedsecondary PID}}/***One-to-One Insertion***/if(Decoder application==′1′&Decoder mode=2){termination flagReservedLengthif(length>0){Reservedprimary PIDReservedsecondary PID}}/***One-to-One Substitution***/if(Decoder application==′1′&Decoder mode=1){termination flagReservedLengthif(length>0){Reservedprimary PIDReservedsecondary PID}}}} | 16161311117168313313178313313178313313 | uimsbfuimsbfbslbfbslbfbslbfbslbfuimsbfuimsbfuimsbfuimsbfuimsbfuimsbfuimsbfuimsbfuimsbfuimsbfuimsbfuimsbfuimsbfuimsbfuimsbfuimsbfuimsbfuimsbfuimsbfuimsbfuimsbfuimsbf |
专用数据语法
可能能够使用“适配和无净荷”以及“适配与净荷”来发出状态之间转变的信号。仅适配字段分组、无论A、B或C可变成“零”、例如NOP,或者可以只是留在流中。
在本文件中,可能隐含硬件实现的所引用“寄存器”可与软件或微码实现中的“变量”任意互换。在任一情况下,为了实现变化的体系结构和功能的STB平台上的中间件兼容性,通用的解码器模块命令/控制结构和接口是需要的。
在一些优选实现中,各解码器模块包含19个寄存器(或变量)。若无说明,则所有寄存器均为读/写,表示当前值可通过用于写入的相同接口被读回。所有寄存器将依次从公共基值(原点)偏移。此规范中的地址都与基值(偏移值)相关。寄存器可被映射,如下表所示:
地址 | 名称 | 资源 |
0×00 | 中断寄存器 | 读/写 |
0×01 | 主PID寄存器,解码器1 | 读/写 |
0×02 | 辅助PID寄存器,解码器1 | 读/写 |
0×03 | 主PID寄存器,解码器2 | 读/写 |
0×04 | 辅助PID寄存器,解码器2 | 读/写 |
0×05 | 主PID寄存器,解码器3 | 读/写 |
0×06 | 辅助PID寄存器,解码器3 | 读/写 |
0×07 | 主PID寄存器,解码器4 | 读/写 |
0×08 | 辅助PID寄存器,解码器4 | 读/写 |
0×09 | 主PID寄存器,解码器5 | 读/写 |
0×0A | 辅助PID寄存器,解码器5 | 读/写 |
0×0B | 主PID寄存器,解码器6 | 读/写 |
0×0C | 辅助PID寄存器,解码器6 | 读/写 |
0×0D | 解码器1模式寄存器 | 读/写 |
0×0E | 解码器2模式寄存器 | 读/写 |
0×0F | 解码器3模式寄存器 | 读/写 |
0×10 | 解码器4模式寄存器 | 读/写 |
0×11 | 解码器5模式寄存器 | 读/写 |
0×12 | 解码器6模式寄存器 | 读/写 |
0×13 | 解码器重置寄存器 | 写 |
寄存器映射
根据下表提供状态寄存器(中断源寄存器(只读)--地址:0×00)
位 | 名称 | 含义 |
15 | Decode_1_ERROR | 解码器1连续影子分组 |
14 | Decode_2_ERROR | 解码器2连续影子分组 |
13 | Decode_3_ERROR | 解码器3连续影子分组 |
12 | Decode_4_ERROR | 解码器4连续影子分组 |
11 | Decode_5_ERROR | 解码器5连续影子分组 |
10 | Decode_6_ERROR | 解码器6连续影子分组 |
9-0 | 不适用 | 未定义 |
状态寄存器
如果中断被调用,则相关位将设置为“1”。可同时断言不止一位。如果设置了任何位,则解码器根据屏蔽寄存器的值来中断主控制器。源寄存器的内容逐位与屏蔽寄存器进行“与”运算,并将结果进行逻辑“或”运算,从而形成单一IRQ输出。中断条件被列出如下:
Decode_n_ERROR
置位开启:检测两个没有插入遗留分组的相邻影子分组。
复位开启:读取中断状态寄存器。
只写中断屏蔽寄存器处于地址0×00。当中断屏蔽寄存器位为“1”时,相关中断未屏蔽,而为“0”时,则被屏蔽。屏蔽中断不会对主处理器产生中断输出。屏蔽中断的中断标志位在中断寄存器中仍然有效。缺省上电条件用于待屏蔽的所有中断(所有的“0”)。
位 | 名称 | 含义 |
15 | Decode_1_ERROR | 解码器1连续影子分组 |
14 | Decode_2_ERROR | 解码器2连续影子分组 |
13 | Decode_3_ERROR | 解码器3连续影子分组 |
12 | Decode_4_ERROR | 解码器4连续影子分组 |
11 | Decode_5_ERROR | 解码器5连续影子分组 |
10 | Decode_6_ERROR | 解码器6连续影子分组 |
9-0 | 不适用 | 未定义 |
配置寄存器如上所示。
解码器1的主PID寄存器(读/写)出现在地址0×01,并作如下配置:
位 | 名称 | 含义 |
15-13 | 不适用 | 未定义 |
12-0 | Primary_PID_1 | 解码器1的主PID的分组ID值 |
主PID是作为向右对齐的big-endian(MSB在位12)值存储的13位值。
解码器1的辅助PID寄存器“辅助PID寄存器”(读/写)出现在地址0×02,并作如下配置:
位 | 名称 | 含义 |
15-13 | 不适用 | 未定义 |
12-0 | Secondary_PID_1 | 解码器1的辅助(“影子”)PID的分组ID值 |
辅助PID是作为向右对齐的big-endian(MSB在位12)值存储的13位值,如上所示。
解码器2的主PID寄存器(读/写)出现在地址0×03,并作如下配置:
位 | 名称 | 含义 |
15-13 | 不适用 | 未定义 |
12-0 | Primary_PID_2 | 解码器2的主PID的分组ID值 |
主PID是作为向右对齐的big-endian(MSB在位12)值存储的13位值。
解码器2的辅助PID寄存器(读/写)出现在地址0×04,并作如下
配置:
位 | 名称 | 含义 |
15-13 | 不适用 | 未定义 |
12-0 | Secondary_PID_2 | 解码器2的辅助(“影子”)PID的分组ID值 |
辅助PID是作为向右对齐的big-endian(MSB在位12)值存储的13位值。
解码器3的主PID寄存器(读/写)出现在地址0×05,并作如下配置:
位 | 名称 | 含义 |
15-13 | 不适用 | 未定义 |
12-0 | Primary_PID_3 | 解码器3的主PID的分组ID值 |
主PID是作为向右对齐的big-endian(MSB在位12)值存储的13位值。
解码器3的辅助PID寄存器(读/写)出现在地址0×06,并作如下配置:
位 | 名称 | 含义 |
15-13 | 不适用 | 未定义 |
12-0 | Secondary_PID_3 | 解码器3的辅助(“影子”)PID的分组ID值 |
辅助PID是作为向右对齐的big-endian(MSB在位12)值存储的13位值。
解码器4的主PID寄存器(读/写)出现在地址0×07,并作如下配置:
位 | 名称 | 含义 |
15-13 | 不适用 | 未定义 |
12-0 | Primary_PID_4 | 解码器4的主PID的分组ID值 |
主PID是作为向右对齐的big-endian(MSB在位12)值存储的13位值。
解码器4的辅助PID寄存器(读/写)出现在地址0×08,并作如下配置:
位 | 名称 | 含义 |
15-13 | 不适用 | 未定义 |
12-0 | Secondary_PI_4 | 解码器4的辅助(“影子”)PID的分组ID值 |
辅助PID是作为向右对齐的big-endian(MSB在位12)值存储的13位值。
解码器5的主PID寄存器(读/写)出现在地址0×09,并作如下配置:
位 | 名称 | 含义 |
15-13 | 不适用 | 未定义 |
12-0 | Primary_PID_5 | 解码器5的主PID的分组ID值 |
主PID是作为向右对齐的big-endian(MSB在位12)值存储的13位值。
解码器5的辅助PID寄存器(读/写)出现在地址0×0A,并作如下配置:
位 | 名称 | 含义 |
15-13 | 不适用 | 未定义 |
12-0 | Secondary_PID_5 | 解码器5的辅助(“影子”)PID的分组ID值 |
辅助PID是作为向右对齐的big-endian(MSB在位12)值存储的13位值。
解码器6的主PID寄存器(读/写)出现在地址0×0B,并作如下配置:
位 | 名称 | 含义 |
15-13 | 不适用 | 未定义 |
12-0 | Primary_PID_6 | 解码器6的主PID的分组ID值 |
主PID是作为向右对齐的big-endian(MSB在位12)值存储的13位值。
解码器6的辅助PID寄存器(读/写)出现在地址0×0C,并作如下配置:
位 | 名称 | 含义 |
15-13 | 不适用 | 未定义 |
12-0 | Secondary_PID_6 | 解码器6的辅助(“影子”)PID的分组ID值 |
辅助PID是作为向右对齐的big-endian(MSB在位12)值存储的13位值。
解码器1模式寄存器(读/写)出现在地址0×0D,并作如下配置:
位 | 名称 | 缺省值 | 含义 |
15-13 | Decoder_1_Mode | Off(0) | 确定解码器1操作模式 |
12 | Queue_on_Error1 | Drop(0) | 确定在解码器1的模式1(1=排队)时是对连续影子分组进行排队还是丢弃 |
11-0 | 未定义 | 不适用 | 未定义 |
模式定义如下所述:
0:忽略所有解码处理,禁用状态机
1:替换模式
2:插入模式
4:插入和删除模式
其它所有值:忽略所有解码处理,禁用状态机
解码器2模式寄存器(读/写)出现在地址0×0E,并作如下配置:
位 | 名称 | 缺省值 | 含义 |
15-13 | Decoder_2_Mode | Off(0) | 确定解码器2操作模式 |
12 | Queue_on_Error2 | Drop(0) | 确定在解码器2的模式1(1=排队)时是对连续影子分组进行排队还是丢弃 |
11-0 | 未定义 | 不适用 | 未定义 |
模式定义如下所述:
0:忽略所有解码处理,禁用状态机
1:替换模式
2:插入模式
4:插入和删除模式
其它所有值:忽略所有解码处理,禁用状态机
解码器3模式寄存器(读/写)位于地址0×0F,并作如下配置:
位 | 名称 | 缺省值 | 含义 |
15-13 | Decoder_3_Mode | Off(0) | 确定解码器3操作模式 |
12 | Queue_on_Error3 | Drop(0) | 确定在解码器3的模式1(1=排队)时是对连续影子分组进行排队还是丢弃 |
11-0 | 未定义 | 不适用 | 未定义 |
模式定义如下所述:
0:忽略所有解码处理,禁用状态机
1:替换模式
2:插入模式
4:插入和删除模式
其它所有值:忽略所有解码处理,禁用状态机
解码器4模式寄存器(读/写)出现在地址0×10,并作如下配置:
位 | 名称 | 缺省值 | 含义 |
15-13 | Decoder_4_Mode | Off(0) | 确定解码器4操作模式 |
12 | Queue_on_Error4 | Drop(0) | 确定在解码器4的模式1(1=排队)时是对连续影子分组进行排队还是丢弃 |
11-0 | 未定义 | 不适用 | 未定义 |
模式定义如下所述:
0:忽略所有解码处理,禁用状态机
1:替换模式
2:插入模式
4:插入和删除模式
其它所有值:忽略所有解码处理,禁用状态机
解码器5模式寄存器(读/写)出现在地址0×11,并作如下配置:
位 | 名称 | 缺省值 | 含义 |
15-13 | Decoder_5_Mode | Off(0) | 确定解码器5操作模式 |
12 | Queue_on_Error5 | Drop(0) | 确定在解码器5的模式1(1=排队)时是对连续影子分组进行排队还是丢弃 |
11-0 | 未定义 | 不适用 | 未定义 |
模式定义如下所述:
0:忽略所有解码处理,禁用状态机
1:替换模式
2:插入模式
4:插入和删除模式
其它所有值:忽略所有解码处理,禁用状态机
解码器6模式寄存器(读/写)位于地址0×12,并作如下配置:
位 | 名称 | 缺省值 | 含义 |
15-13 | Decoder_6_Mode | Off(0) | 确定解码器6操作模式 |
12 | Queue_on_Error6 | Drop(0) | 确定在解码器6的模式1(1=排队)时是对连续影子分组进行排队还是丢弃 |
11-0 | 未定义 | 不适用 | 未定义 |
模式定义如下所述:
0:忽略所有解码处理,禁用状态机
1:替换模式
2:插入模式
4:插入和删除模式
其它所有值:忽略所有解码处理,禁用状态机
解码器重置寄存器(写)位于地址0×13,并作如下配置:
位 | 名称 | 缺省值 | 含义 |
15 | Decoder_RST1 | Off(0) | 解码器1非锁定重置到状态1 |
14 | Decoder_RST2 | Off(0) | 解码器2非锁定重置到状态1 |
13 | Decoder_RST3 | Off(0) | 解码器3非锁定重置到状态1 |
12 | Decoder_RST4 | Off(0) | 解码器4非锁定重置到状态1 |
11 | Decoder_RST5 | Off(0) | 解码器5非锁定重置到状态1 |
10 | Decoder_RST6 | Off(0) | 解码器6非锁定重置到状态1 |
9-0 | 未定义 | 不适用 | 不适用 |
一种错误情况被识别(非法状态转变)。这种错误是唯一的错误,并且是除了例如连续计数、传输错误等MPEG传输层错误之外的错误。Error_IRQn是对没有插入遗留分组的两个相邻影子分组的检测,其中n表示特定解码器的编号。根据对解码器相关变量queue_on_error的设置,可发生两个不同的操作。如果该变量设置为真,则解码器将处理第二影子分组(PID=B),如无错误的情况那样。如果该变量设置为假,则丢弃第二影子分组。
在部分情况下,待替换的内容放置在分组边界上。由于一些信息可能不是刚好适合在分组边界内,因此不是明确地受关注内容的某个附加内容可能需要被复制以填充该分组。在其它情况下,分组可以仅用零字节(例如全零)来填充。根据存在多少帧内编码数据,典型的视频条带包含大约3到8个分组。注意,一些解码器对于处理单一视频行上的多个条带可能有困难,即使MPEG 2规范允许这样。
还要注意,如果从未来帧中引用被替换的内容,则可能会遇到结局问题。但是,通过建立某个规则、例如被替换内容不能被过去的帧引用,可解决这个问题。这是因为以下可能性:根据客户或机顶盒进行的选择,内容可能是不同的。如果引用均包含在替换内容中,则可能允许对未来帧的引用。另外,由于编码器使用指定的量化表集合,因此替换内容应该利用相同的量化表来处理,使得可进行正确的解码。
本内容替换可根据应用、无限制地联机或脱机执行。
如上所述的解码器可结合到电视STB或其它电视接收器中,并且可用于为最终用户提供由用户或者由MSO控制的内容替换功能。现在参照图12,说明用于数字电视机顶盒600的示范系统配置。用于这种STB的许多配置都是可行的,以及所述STB应该仅视为这种STB配置的示范。在此示范机顶盒中,传输媒体604、如同轴电缆通过适当接口耦合到调谐器608。调谐器608可例如包括用于接收视频内容的广播带内调谐器。可提供独立的调谐器(未示出)来接收传统的RF广播电视频道。然后,格式化为例如MPEG-2信息的调制信息在解调器610中进行解调。解调器610的输出上的解调信息被提供给PID解码器/多路分离器/解扰器电路614,其中,信息被分为分立的节目信道。节目被分为分组,各分组具有把分组标识为包含与特定节目相关的特定类型数据(例如音频、视频、数据)的PID。例如,PID解码器/解调器/解扰器电路614还根据解密算法对加密信息进行解密,从而防止对节目内容的未经授权的访问。614的PID解码器部分可按照与通过图8的状态图所示的解码器相似的方式、在程序控制下进行工作,以便选择具有特定PID的内容,稍后进行描述。
来自多路分离器614的音频分组(用音频PID来标识的那些分组)被解密,并被转发到音频解码器618,其中,它们可被转换为模拟音频,从而驱动扬声器系统(例如立体声或家庭影院多声道音频系统)或其它音频系统622(例如立体声或家庭影院多声道放大器和扬声器系统),或者可能仅在626提供解码音频输出。来自多路分离器614的视频分组(用视频PID标识的那些分组)被解密,并被转发到视频解码器630。以相似的方式,来自多路分离器614的数据分组(用数据PID标识的那些分组)被解密,并被转发到数据解码器634。
来自数据解码器634的解码数据分组经由系统总线634发送到机顶盒的计算机系统。因此,控制计算机644可经由系统总线638访问来自数据解码器634的解码数据以及存储器646中的程序和数据。通过视频解码器630解码的视频数据传递到图形处理器648,图形处理器648是优化成快速处理图形信息的计算机。图形处理器648在处理与因特网浏览、游戏及多媒体应用[例如那些与MHEG(多媒体和超媒体信息编码专家组)机顶盒应用相关的]相关的图形密集数据时特别有用。但是,应该注意,图形处理器648的功能在具有较低功能的某些机顶盒设计中可能是不必要的,以及图形处理器648的功能在某些其中解码视频从多路分离器614直接传递到视频编码器的应用中可由控制计算机644来处理。图形处理器648还耦合到系统总线638,并在控制计算机644的控制下工作。
许多机顶盒、如STB 600可结合智能卡读取器140,用于与通常用作条件访问模块(CAM)的所谓“智能卡”通信。CAM通常包括其本身的中央处理器以及相关RAM和ROM存储器。这类基于智能卡的CAM在传统上用于用户的验证和用户执行的事务处理的验证,以及服务的授权和授权密钥的存储。例如,CAM可用来提供用于对CAM确定用户有权接收的内容的输入密码数据进行解码的密钥。
STB 600可在双向通信模式下工作,使得数据和其它信息可以不仅从系统的头端发送到最终用户或者从服务提供商发送到STB 600的最终用户,而且还可以利用带外信道从最终用户进行上行传输。在一个实施例中,这种数据通过系统总线638经由构成调谐器604的一部分的双工器到达调制器652,并通过传输媒体604输出。这种功能用来提供一种让STB 600和/或其用户向头端发送信息(例如服务请求或变化、注册信息等)的机制,以及向最终用户提供与因特网或者头端提供的其它服务的快速外部通信。
机顶盒600可包括I/O接口656表示的多个I/O(输入/输出)接口中的任一个,这些接口允许I/O装置与机顶盒600的互连。作为示例而不是限制,可提供串行RS-232端口以便实现与STB 600的内部软件所支持的任何适当串行装置的互连。同样,可经由以太网端口、USB(通用串行总线)端口、IEEE 1394(所谓的firewireTM或i-linkTM)或IEEE 1394宽端口或S视频端口提供与适当兼容装置的通信。红外接口660提供与遥控器666的通信。这些接口可用来将STB 600与诸如存储装置、音频/可视装置、游戏装置(未示出)、因特网设备28之类的多种辅助装置中任一种互连。
I/O接口656还可包括调制解调器(可以是拨号、电缆、DSL或其它技术的调制解调器),其中具有调制解调器端口以便于对因特网的高速或其它方式的访问或者其它数据通信功能。在一个优选实施例中,调制解调器端口162属于DOCSIS(基于有线系统接口规范的数据)电缆调制解调器,以便于通过有线系统的高速网络访问,以及端口被适当地耦合到体现为同轴电缆的传输媒体604。因此,STB 600可经由DOCSIS电缆调制解调器执行双向通信,其中STB 600由唯一IP地址标识。DOCSIS规范是公开可用的。
可提供PS/2或其它键盘/鼠标/操纵杆接口,以便于向STB 600的数据输入。这些输入为用户提供利用指示装置方便地输入数据和/或导航的能力。指示装置、如鼠标或操纵杆可用于游戏应用。
STB 600无疑还可结合基本视频输出,它可用于到电视机的直接连接,代替IEEE 1394连接或作为其补充。在一个实施例中,视频输出可提供格式化为NTSC(全国电视系统委员会)视频的合成视频。在一些实施例中,视频输出可通过到图形处理器648的直接连接或者多路分离器/解扰器614来提供,而不是如示范框图所示通过系统总线638来提供。同样,在其它实施例中,根据需要,可不通过系统总线130来提供S视频信号。
红外接口660接收来自红外遥控器666、红外键盘或其它红外控制装置的命令。虽然没有明确示出,但在一些实施例中,面板控制可用于通过作为所提供接口之一的面板控制接口直接控制STB 600的操作。可根据要求或需要以各种组合在STB 600中提供例如上述那些及其它的所选接口。
在一个符合本发明的说明性实施例中,STB 600可用于在例如从多个结局中选择时控制多个内容。在这样一种情况下,具有指定的PID集合的主要节目内容以正常方式播出,直到接近节目的结尾。这时,在屏幕上为观众提供一个菜单选择,从其中呈现多个结局之一。作为简单实例,可能存在与三组PID相关的三个可能的结局,如下所述:1)PID A-男孩得到女孩,好人胜利,2)PID B-女孩死亡,好人胜利,以及3)PID C-女孩死亡,坏人胜利。
利用遥控器666或其它任何适当的输入装置,观众从可能的结局中进行选择。在显示缺省结局之前,可提供有限时间来进行这项选择(例如内容的两分钟暂停以便允许选择结局)。响应用户的选择,控制计算机644对PID解码器614编程以便选择用户所选的结局。在这个暂停结束之后,节目继续进行,PID解码器614进行适当的PID重新映射,使得播放所选结局的音频、数据和视频。因此,如果节目在正常情况下与PID A相关以及用户选择结局三,则携带PID C的分组将被映射到PID A供重放。因此,在本实施例中,用户可选择重放用于替换正常内容的内容的特定片段。
因此,符合本发明的一些实施例的解码器具有接收表示内容的数据的接收器,其中数据至少具有与内容的第一和第二部分相关的第一和第二分组标识符(PID)。内容解码器配置成播放具有第一PID的内容。控制器确定已经满足替换标准,以及PID映射器把具有第二PID的内容映射到第一PID,使得播放原来具有第二PID的内容。
因此,用于符合本发明的某些实施例的内容替换的方法和设备包含接收表示内容的数据,所述数据至少具有与内容的第一和第二部分相关的第一和第二分组标识符(PID)。具有第一PID的内容被放入数据流。接收开始标志,表示开始PID映射操作。然后,具有第二PID的内容映射到第一PID,以及映射内容被放入数据流。接收终止标志,表示PID映射操作的终止,这时,过程返回到把具有第一PID的内容放入数据流。内容替换过程可用来替换广告,提供多个情节、多个结局、多个视图以及其它应用。
本领域的技术人员知道,已经根据编程处理器(例如计算机300)的使用、通过示范实施例描述了本发明。但是,本发明不应该受到此限制,因为本发明可利用硬件元件等效物、例如等效于所述及要求其权益的发明的专用硬件和/或专用处理器来实现。同样,通用计算机、基于微处理器的计算机、微控制器、光计算机、模拟计算机、专用处理器和/或专用硬连线逻辑可用来构造本发明的备选等效实施例。此外,虽然已经通过提供重放机制的通用个人计算机来描述了本发明,但重放可在专用机器上执行,只要没有背离本发明。相反,已经通过状态机描述了本解码器,但这种状态机可作为基于硬件或者软件的状态机来实现。此外,本领域的技术人员理解,结合以上示范实施例所述的确切寄存器配置、PID协议及其它详细情况是以举例说明的方式提供的,而不应视为限制。
本领域的技术人员理解,用来实现上述实施例的程序步骤及相关数据可利用盘存储装置以及诸如只读存储器(ROM)装置、随机存取存储器(RAM)装置、光存储元件、磁存储元件、磁光存储元件、闪速存储器、磁芯存储器等其它形式的存储装置和/或其它等效存储技术来实现,只要没有背离本发明。这些备选存储装置应该被视为等效的。
如本文的实施例中所述的本发明利用运行编程指令的编程处理器来实现,其中,编程指令为以上广义说明的形式,可存储在任何适当的电子存储媒体中,或者通过任何适当的电子通信媒体传送,或者以其它形式存在于任何计算机可读或传播媒体中。但是,本领域的技术人员理解,上述过程可通过任意变化形式以及通过许多适当的编程语言来实现,只要没有背离本发明。例如,所执行的一些操作的顺序通常可以改变,可增加其它操作,或者可删除操作,只要没有背离本发明。差错捕捉可以被添加和/或增强,以及可在用户界面和信息呈现中进行变化,只要没有背离本发明。这些变化被视为是等效的。
体现本发明的一些方面的软件代码和/或数据可存在于任何计算机可读媒体、传输媒体、存储媒体或传播媒体中,包括但不限于例如以上所述的那些电子存储装置以及载波、电子信号、数据结构(例如树形、链接列表、表格、分组、帧等)、光信号、传播信号、广播信号、传输媒体(例如电路连接、电缆、双绞线、光缆、波导、天线等)以及存储、携带或传递代码和/或数据的其它媒体。这类媒体可存储软件代码和/或数据,或者用于把代码和/或数据从一个位置传输到另一个位置。在本示范实施例中,使用了符合MPEG的分组、条带、表格及其它数据结构,但这不应该视为限制,因为同样可使用其它数据结构,只要没有背离本发明。
虽然结合若干特定实施例描述了本发明,但是很明显,根据以上说明,本领域的技术人员将会知道其它许多备选方案、修改、置换及变化。因此,本发明意在包含属于所附权利要求的范围之内的全部这类备选方案、修改和变化。
Claims (45)
1.一种内容替换的方法,包括:
接收表示内容的数据,所述数据至少具有与内容的第一和第二部分相关的第一和第二分组标识符(PID);
发起具有所述第一PID的内容的处理;
确定已经满足替换标准;
使用具有所述第二PID的内容替换具有所述第一PID的内容;以及
处理所述替换内容。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述内容包括流数据、数据文件以及包含数据文件的封装媒体其中之一。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于在构成电视机顶盒的一部分的解码器中执行。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于在硬件状态机中执行。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于在经过编程的处理器中执行。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,由于接收到标志而满足所述替换标准。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,由于操作员输入而满足所述替换标准。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,逐个分组地替换所述内容。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,使用内容的多个分组替换单一分组。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述处理包括播放所述内容。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述替换包括利用专用信令来选择具有所述第二PID的内容单元,以及丢弃具有所述第一PID的内容单元。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述替换包括利用专用信令来选择基于所述第二PID的内容单元,同时接收具有所述第一PID的内容。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述替换包括利用专用信令来选择具有所述第二PID的多个内容单元,同时丢弃具有所述第一PID的内容单元。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述替换包括利用专用信令来选择具有第二PID的多个内容单元,同时接收具有所述第一PID的内容单元。
15.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述替换包括利用专用信令从选择具有所述第二PID的多个内容单元、同时丢弃具有所述第一PID的内容单元的模式转换到选择具有所述第二PID的多个内容单元、同时接收具有所述第一PID的内容的模式。
16.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述替换包括利用专用信令从选择具有所述第二PID的多个内容单元并接收具有所述第一PID的多个内容单元的模式转换到选择具有所述第二PID的多个内容单元、同时丢弃具有所述第一PID的内容单元的模式。
17.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,具有所述第二PID的内容单元在具有所述第一PID的相应内容单元之前被发送。
18.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,具有所述第二PID的内容单元在具有所述第一PID的相应内容单元之后被发送。
19.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,替换可通过构成数据流中分组的适配层的一部分的专用信令来发起和终止。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,所述适配层位于具有所述第二PID的分组中。
21.如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,所述适配层位于具有所述第一PID的分组中。
22.如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,所述适配层位于既不是所述第二PID也不是所述第一PID的分组中。
23.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述处理包括重放所述内容。
24.一种存储指令的计算机可读媒体,所述指令在经过编程的处理器中运行时,执行如权利要求1所述的内容替换方法。
25.一种内容替换的方法,包括:
接收表示内容的数据,所述数据至少具有与内容的第一和第二部分相关的主和辅助分组标识符(PID);
把具有所述主PID的内容放入数据流;
接收指示开始PID映射操作的开始标志;
把具有所述辅助PID的内容映射到所述主PID,并把所述映射内容放入所述数据流;
接收指示所述PID映射操作的终止的终止标志;以及
继续把具有所述主PID的内容放入所述数据流。
26.如权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于在构成电视机顶盒的一部分的解码器中执行。
27.如权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于在硬件状态机中执行。
28.如权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于在经过编程的处理器中执行。
29.如权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于,由于接收到标志而满足所述替换标准。
30.如权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于,由于操作员输入而满足所述替换标准。
31.如权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于,逐个分组地替换所述内容。
32.如权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于,使用内容的多个分组替换单一分组。
33.如权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于,所述替换包括利用专用信令来选择具有所述辅助PID的内容单元,以及丢弃具有所述主PID的内容单元。
34.如权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于,具有所述第二PID的内容单元在具有所述第一PID的相应内容单元之前被发送。
35.如权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于,具有所述第二PID的内容单元在具有所述第一PID的相应内容单元之后被发送。
36.如权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于,替换是通过构成数据流中分组的适配层的一部分的专用信令来发起和终止的。
37.如权利要求36所述的方法,其特征在于,所述适配层位于具有所述主PID和所述辅助PID其中之一的分组中。
38.如权利要求36所述的方法,其特征在于,所述适配层位于既没有所述辅助PID也没有所述主PID的分组中。
39.一种存储指令的计算机可读媒体,所述指令在经过编程的处理器中运行时执行如权利要求25所述的内容替换方法。
40.一种内容替换编码器,包括:
接收表示主要内容的输入数据的部件;
接收表示替换内容的输入数据的部件;
分组标识符(PID)映射器,把主PID分配给所述主要内容,以及把辅助PID分配给所述替换内容;
专用数据发生器,产生用户专用数据,它通过所述主PID标识所述主要内容,以及通过所述辅助PID标识替换内容;以及
用于把所述专用数据、映射到所述主PID的所述主要内容以及映射到所述辅助PID的所述替换内容组装为数据流的部件。
41.如权利要求40所述的内容替换编码器,其特征在于利用经过编程的计算机来实现。
42.一种解码器,包括:
接收器,接收表示内容的数据,所述数据至少具有与内容的第一和第二部分相关的第一和第二分组标识符(PID);
内容解码器,配置成播放具有所述第一PID的内容;
控制器,确定已经满足替换标准;以及
PID映射器,把具有所述第二PID的内容映射到所述第一PID,使得播放原来具有所述第二PID的所述内容。
43.如权利要求42所述的解码器,其特征在于,所述解码器驻留在电视机顶盒中。
44.如权利要求42所述的解码器,其特征在于,所述替换标准包括对于播放所述第二部分的用户选择。
45.如权利要求42所述的解码器,其特征在于,内容的所述第二部分表示备选广告、备选视图、备选结局以及备选情节其中之一。
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CN103763601A (zh) * | 2014-01-03 | 2014-04-30 | 航天数字传媒有限公司 | 一种卫星传输数据的方法和系统 |
USD864968S1 (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2019-10-29 | Echostar Technologies L.L.C. | Smart card interface |
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US20030174837A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
US20100020811A1 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
US7992167B2 (en) | 2011-08-02 |
KR20040098074A (ko) | 2004-11-18 |
JP2005525010A (ja) | 2005-08-18 |
US7765567B2 (en) | 2010-07-27 |
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