WO2024259638A1 - 一种全链条一体化低碳生产正极材料的方法 - Google Patents

一种全链条一体化低碳生产正极材料的方法 Download PDF

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WO2024259638A1
WO2024259638A1 PCT/CN2023/101733 CN2023101733W WO2024259638A1 WO 2024259638 A1 WO2024259638 A1 WO 2024259638A1 CN 2023101733 W CN2023101733 W CN 2023101733W WO 2024259638 A1 WO2024259638 A1 WO 2024259638A1
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lithium
precursor
optionally
positive electrode
oxygen
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French (fr)
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李爱霞
谢英豪
余海军
李长东
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Hunan Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd
Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd
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Hunan Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd
Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202380009621.3A priority Critical patent/CN117043102A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2023/101733 priority patent/WO2024259638A1/zh
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • the present invention belongs to the technical field of lithium-ion batteries and relates to a method for producing positive electrode materials in a full-chain integrated low-carbon manner.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have attracted widespread attention due to their high density, good stability and environmental friendliness, especially in the field of new energy vehicles.
  • the development and research of lithium-ion batteries is very important, and the core lies in the research of lithium-ion battery positive electrode materials.
  • Layered nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary positive electrode material combines the advantages of lithium nickel oxide, lithium cobalt oxide and lithium manganese oxide. It has a stable structure, high capacity and good cycle stability. It is a positive electrode material with great development prospects.
  • CN104393278A discloses a method for preparing a nickel-cobalt-manganese-oxide ternary positive electrode material, wherein a nickel-cobalt-manganese hydroxide precipitate is prepared by a coprecipitation method, and then a precursor is obtained by washing, filtering, and drying, which is then mixed with lithium carbonate and sintered in a high-temperature furnace to obtain a nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary positive electrode material.
  • CN108128814A discloses a method for preparing a ternary cathode material precursor.
  • the prepared ternary cathode material precursor has a more uniform particle size and a narrower particle size distribution.
  • ammonia water is usually used as a complexing agent, which will produce ammonia gas.
  • lithium carbonate is often used as a raw material in the sintering process, which will produce a large amount of mixed tail gas of carbon dioxide and oxygen, which is usually discharged directly after dust removal and is difficult to utilize. This makes the carbon emission of the production process of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide high, which is not conducive to the achievement of my country's dual carbon goals.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a full-chain integrated low-carbon method for producing positive electrode materials.
  • the present disclosure can make the two preparation processes of the ternary material and the lithium iron phosphate material cooperate with each other, and realize the separation and reuse of the two atmospheres by controlling the conditions, thereby achieving the purpose of energy saving and carbon reduction.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for producing positive electrode materials in a full-chain integrated low-carbon manner, the method comprising the following steps:
  • the pre-oxidation process described in the embodiment of the present disclosure can reduce Li/Ni mixing and improve the cycle stability of the material. If oxygen-free calcination is used, the Ni 2+ in the ternary precursor is still in the +2 valence, and the +2 valence Ni 2+ will undergo nickel-lithium mixing with the Li + entering the lattice, and the nickel-lithium mixing is irreversible, which will lead to more defects in the material and poor stability.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure adds oxygen in the second stage sintering to reduce the occurrence of lithium-nickel mixing at high temperatures and ensure the performance of the positive electrode material. Lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide is synthesized by sintering in two stages with different atmospheres.
  • the first stage of sintering is vacuum sintering, and pure carbon dioxide can be collected. If oxygen is introduced into the second stage of sintering, the resulting tail gas is also The purer oxygen can be directly recycled to the second stage sintering process, saving costs. Carbon dioxide is recycled to the synthesis of lithium iron phosphate, so that no other inert gas needs to be added during the synthesis of lithium iron phosphate, reducing costs. The ammonia generated during the ternary generation process can absorb carbon dioxide and reduce carbon emissions.
  • the first waste gas comprises ammonia.
  • the pre-oxidation treatment in step (1) includes mixing a ternary precursor and a strong oxide.
  • the strong oxidizing agent includes ozone and/or lithium perchlorate.
  • the strong oxidant is ozone
  • ozone is introduced into the reaction container to control the mass of ozone in the reaction container to account for 5-10% of the total gas mass, for example: 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% or 10%, etc.
  • reaction equation of ozone and ternary precursor is as follows: M(OH) 2 +O 3 ⁇ MOOH+H 2 O+O 2 .
  • the strong oxide is lithium perchlorate
  • lithium perchlorate is mixed with a ternary precursor
  • the total molar ratio of lithium perchlorate to the metal elements in the ternary precursor is 0.5 to 0.6:1, for example: 0.5:1, 0.52:1, 0.55:1, 0.58:1 or 0.6:1.
  • reaction equation of the lithium perchlorate and the ternary precursor is as follows: 2M(OH) 2 +ClO 4 - ⁇ 2MOOH+ClO 3 - +H 2 O.
  • the temperature of the pre-oxidation treatment in step (1) is 80-120°C, for example, 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C or 120°C.
  • the pre-oxidation treatment time is 1 to 3 hours, for example: 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours or 3 hours.
  • the pre-oxidation process described in the embodiment of the present disclosure oxidizes the ternary cathode precursor, reduces the use of oxygen during the sintering process, reduces the cost and the difficulty of separating carbon dioxide, and is more conducive to collecting pure carbon dioxide. and oxygen, which is beneficial to the recycling of oxygen.
  • the molar ratio of the oxidative precursor to lithium carbonate in step (2) is 1.01 to 1.05:1, for example: 1.01:1, 1.02:1, 1.03:1, 1.04:1 or 1.05:1, etc.
  • reaction equation of the oxidation precursor and lithium carbonate is as follows: 2MOOH+Li 2 CO 3 ⁇ 2LiMO 2 +H 2 O+CO 2 ⁇ .
  • the one-stage sintering includes one-step sintering and two-step sintering.
  • the one-step sintering temperature is 400-500°C, for example, 400°C, 420°C, 450°C, 480°C or 500°C.
  • the one-step sintering time is 2 to 5 hours, for example, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours or 5 hours.
  • the temperature of the two-step sintering is 800-1100°C, for example, 800°C, 850°C, 900°C, 1000°C or 1100°C.
  • the temperature of the two-step sintering is 2 to 5 hours, for example: 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours or 5 hours.
  • the temperature of the second stage sintering in step (2) is 800-1100°C, for example, 800°C, 850°C, 900°C, 1000°C or 1100°C.
  • the second-stage sintering time is 3 to 10 hours, for example, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours or 10 hours.
  • the first exhaust gas and the second exhaust gas are collected and dust-removed to obtain ammonia and carbon dioxide, respectively.
  • the oxygen-containing gas comprises oxygen or a mixture of oxygen and air.
  • the volume ratio of air to oxygen in the oxygen-air mixture is 1:(1-4), for example, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 or 1:4.
  • the flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas is 30-50 mL/min, for example, 30 mL/min, 35 mL/min, 40 mL/min, 45 mL/min or 50 mL/min.
  • the phosphorus source in step (3) includes any one of phosphoric acid, dilithium hydrogen phosphate or lithium phosphate, or a combination of at least two thereof.
  • the iron source includes any one of ferric oxide, ferrosinic oxide, ferrous oxide, ferric hydroxide, ferric phosphate or ferrous oxalate, or a combination of at least two thereof.
  • the lithium source includes any one of lithium phosphate, lithium hydroxide, or lithium dihydrogen phosphate, or a combination of at least two thereof.
  • the carbon source in step (3) includes any one of glucose, sucrose, citric acid, polyethylene glycol, cyclodextrin, polyvinyl alcohol, phenolic resin, polyacrylonitrile, starch or cellulose, or a combination of at least two thereof.
  • the mass ratio of the carbon source to the lithium iron phosphate precursor is 5 to 15:100, for example, 5:100, 8:100, 10:100, 12:100 or 15:100.
  • the calcination temperature in step (3) is 600-750°C, for example, 600°C, 620°C, 650°C, 700°C or 750°C.
  • the calcination treatment time is 6 to 12 hours, for example: 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours or 12 hours.
  • the present disclosure has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present disclosure combines two processes of ternary positive electrode materials and lithium iron phosphate positive electrode materials.
  • the present disclosure reduces the use of oxygen in the sintering process while reducing the mixed arrangement of nickel and lithium materials through processes such as pre-oxidation and tail gas collection, which can reduce the carbon emissions of this part of purchased liquid oxygen.
  • the method described in the present disclosure can directly obtain reusable carbon dioxide, reducing the carbon emissions of the carbon dioxide separation step in the mixed tail gas.
  • the generated carbon dioxide is directly recycled to the lithium iron phosphate production step, reducing the purchase of inert gas in the lithium iron phosphate production process.
  • the method disclosed in the present invention can separate, recover and reuse the waste gas generated in the process of material preparation without adding other protective gases, thus realizing the integrated recycling of the whole chain of waste gas, meeting the standards of carbon reduction and emission reduction, and achieving the purpose of energy conservation and carbon reduction.
  • FIG1 is a process flow chart of the method described in Example 1 of the present disclosure.
  • This embodiment provides a method for producing positive electrode materials in a full-chain integrated low-carbon manner.
  • the process flow chart of the method is shown in FIG1 .
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • the oxidized precursor and lithium carbonate (the molar ratio of lithium carbonate to the total amount of the precursor metal element) are The value is 1.02: 1) a first sintering is performed in a vacuum atmosphere, the temperature is increased to 500°C at a heating rate of 3°C/min, sintered for 3h, then increased to 900°C at a heating rate of 1.5°C/min and kept at this temperature for 4h, and the exhaust gas is collected. The temperature is maintained, and a mixture of air and oxygen is introduced at a rate of 35mL/min for a second sintering reaction, the volume ratio of oxygen to air is 1:1, and the reaction time is 6h, to obtain a ternary positive electrode material;
  • step (3) Collecting the waste gas from the co-precipitation of step (1) and the waste gas from the first stage sintering of step (2) respectively, removing dust, and obtaining ammonia mixed gas and carbon dioxide gas respectively; wet mixing lithium hydroxide, ferrous oxalate, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate at a molar ratio of 1.01:1:1, drying and crushing to obtain a lithium iron phosphate precursor; mixing the lithium iron phosphate precursor with polyvinyl alcohol at a mass ratio of 100:5, introducing the obtained carbon dioxide gas so that the carbon dioxide atmosphere is maintained in the tubular furnace, calcining at 700° C. for 8 h, obtaining a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material; dissolving the collected ammonia gas in water, absorbing the carbon dioxide after the reaction in the tubular furnace, and obtaining an ammonium carbonate solution.
  • This embodiment provides a method for producing positive electrode materials in a full-chain integrated low-carbon manner, the method comprising the following steps:
  • ternary metal sulfate of nickel, cobalt and manganese with a concentration of 1 mol/L and a molar ratio of Ni:Co:Mn of 5:2:3, adding liquid alkali and ammonia water to the mixed solution for co-precipitation, controlling the solution pH to 11 and the temperature to 60°C, stirring continuously for 8 hours and aging for 12 hours, then filtering and washing to obtain a ternary cathode material precursor, collecting the tail gas in the reaction process, placing the precursor in a rotary kiln, mixing the precursor with lithium perchlorate according to a total molar ratio of lithium perchlorate to the metal elements in the precursor of 0.52:1, and drying in a drying oven at 120°C for 3 hours to obtain an oxidized precursor;
  • the oxidized precursor and lithium carbonate (the molar ratio of lithium carbonate to the total amount of the precursor metal element is 1.02:1) are sintered in a vacuum atmosphere, and the temperature is raised to 450°C at a heating rate of 3°C/min for 3 h, and then raised to 950°C at a heating rate of 1.5°C/min and kept at this temperature for 3 h.
  • the exhaust gas is collected and the temperature is maintained. degree, introducing oxygen for a two-stage sintering reaction, with an oxygen flow rate of 40 ml/min and a reaction time of 6 h to obtain a ternary positive electrode material;
  • step (3) Collecting the waste gas from the co-precipitation of step (1) and the waste gas from the first stage sintering of step (2) respectively, removing dust, and obtaining ammonia mixed gas and carbon dioxide gas respectively; wet mixing lithium hydroxide, ferrous oxalate, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate at a molar ratio of 1.02:1:1, drying and crushing to obtain a lithium iron phosphate precursor; mixing the lithium iron phosphate precursor with glucose at a mass ratio of 100:10, introducing the obtained carbon dioxide gas so that the carbon dioxide atmosphere is maintained in the tubular furnace, calcining at 600° C. for 8 h, obtaining a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material; dissolving the collected ammonia gas in water, absorbing the carbon dioxide after the reaction in the tubular furnace, and obtaining an ammonium carbonate solution.
  • This embodiment provides a method for producing positive electrode materials in a full-chain integrated low-carbon manner, the method comprising the following steps:
  • the oxidized precursor and lithium carbonate (the molar ratio of lithium carbonate to the total amount of the precursor metal element is 1.02:1) are subjected to a first-stage sintering in a vacuum atmosphere, the temperature is increased to 500°C at a heating rate of 3°C/min for 3 hours, and then the temperature is increased to 1100°C at a heating rate of 1.5°C/min and kept at this temperature for 2 hours, the exhaust gas is collected, the temperature is maintained, and oxygen is introduced into the reactor to fill the reactor, and a second-stage sintering reaction is carried out, the oxygen introduction rate is 50 mL/min, and the reaction time is 8 hours, to obtain a ternary positive electrode material;
  • step (3) collecting the waste gas from the co-precipitation in step (1) and the waste gas from the first-stage sintering in step (2) respectively, removing dust, Ammonia mixed gas and carbon dioxide gas can be obtained respectively, lithium hydroxide, ferrous oxalate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate are wet mixed at a molar ratio of 1.03:1:1, dried and crushed to obtain a lithium iron phosphate precursor, the lithium iron phosphate precursor is mixed with citric acid at a mass ratio of 100:15, the obtained carbon dioxide gas is introduced to maintain a carbon dioxide atmosphere in a tubular furnace, calcined at 750°C for 8h, to obtain a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material, the collected ammonia is dissolved in water, the carbon dioxide after the reaction in the tubular furnace is absorbed, and an ammonium carbonate solution is obtained.
  • This comparative example provides a method for producing positive electrode materials in a full-chain integrated low-carbon manner, the method comprising the following steps:
  • step (2) mixing the precursor and lithium carbonate (the molar ratio of lithium carbonate to the total amount of the precursor metal element is 1.02:1) and calcining them in an oxygen atmosphere at an oxygen flow rate of 40 mL/min, collecting the waste gas, performing dust removal treatment on the gases obtained in step (1) and step (2) to obtain a carbon dioxide oxygen mixed gas and an ammonia mixed gas, respectively, and separating the carbon dioxide oxygen mixed gas to obtain pure carbon dioxide gas;
  • Lithium hydroxide, ferrous oxalate, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate are wet-mixed in a molar ratio of 1.01:1:1, dried, and crushed to obtain a lithium iron phosphate precursor, into which the obtained carbon dioxide gas is introduced to maintain a carbon dioxide atmosphere in a tubular furnace, and calcined at 700° C. for 8 h to obtain a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material, and the collected ammonia gas is dissolved in water to absorb the carbon dioxide after the reaction in the tubular furnace to obtain an ammonium carbonate solution.
  • Example 3 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that no pre-oxidation is performed and the sintering process is carried out in one stage. Intake of oxygen.
  • the carbon emission per unit product of Example 1 is calculated to be 7.15 kgCO 2e
  • the carbon emission per unit product of Example 2 is 7.64 kgCO 2e
  • the carbon emission per unit product of Example 3 is 7.48 kgCO 2e
  • the carbon emission per unit product of Comparative Example 1 is 10.35 kgCO 2e
  • the carbon emission per unit product of Comparative Example 2 is 10.96 kgCO 2e .
  • the present invention adopts two stages of sintering in different atmospheres to synthesize lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, and pure carbon dioxide can be obtained for subsequent lithium iron phosphate synthesis. There is no need to add protective gas during the preparation of lithium iron phosphate, thereby reducing costs. All waste gases generated during the reaction can be recycled, achieving carbon reduction and emission reduction.

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Abstract

本公开提供了一种全链条一体化低碳生产正极材料的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:(1)通过共沉淀法制备三元前驱体,收集第一废气,对所述前驱体进行预氧化处理得到氧化前驱体;(2)将氧化前驱体和碳酸锂混合进行一段烧结,收集第二废气,通入含氧气体进行二段烧结,得到三元正极材料;(3)将磷源、铁源和锂源混合得到磷酸铁锂前驱体,将磷酸铁锂前驱体和碳源混合,通入第二废气,进行煅烧处理,得到磷酸铁锂正极材料,第二废气用第一废气溶液吸收得到碳酸铵溶液。本公开通过改变三元材料的氧化方式,能够使得三元材料和磷酸铁锂材料的两种制备工艺相互协同,通过控制条件实现了两种气氛的分离和回用,从而达到节能降碳的目的。

Description

一种全链条一体化低碳生产正极材料的方法 技术领域
本公开属于锂离子电池技术领域,涉及一种全链条一体化低碳生产正极材料的方法。
背景技术
随着化石能源的日益枯竭,新能源发展势在必行。锂离子电池因其具有的高密度、良好稳定性和环境友好的特点得到人们的广泛关注,尤其是在新能源汽车领域,锂离子电池的开发研究十分地重要,其核心在于锂离子电池正极材料的研究。
层状镍钴锰三元正极材料,结合了镍酸锂、钴酸锂和锰酸锂三者的优点,具有稳定的结构、高的容量和良好的循环稳定性,是一种十分具有发展前景的正极材料。
CN104393278A公开了一种镍钴锰酸锂三元正极材料的制备方法,通过共沉淀的法制得氢氧化镍钴锰沉淀,随后洗涤抽滤干燥得到前驱体,再将其与碳酸锂混合,置于高温炉中烧结得到镍钴锰三元正极材料。
CN108128814A公开了一种三元正极材料前驱体的制备方法,通过针对性调整共沉淀反应过程中反应物的添加时间、添加量和反应条件,使制备得到的三元正极材料前驱体颗粒大小更均匀,粒径分布更窄。
在上述方案的共沉淀法合成过程中,通常采用氨水作为络合剂,会产生氨气的逸散。此外,在烧结过程中多采用碳酸锂为原料,会产生大量二氧化碳和氧气的混合尾气,通常是除尘后直接排放,难以进行利用,这使得镍钴锰酸锂生产工艺流程碳排较高,不利于我国双碳目标的达成。
发明内容
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
本公开的目的在于提供一种全链条一体化低碳生产正极材料的方法,本公开通过改变三元材料的氧化方式,能够使得三元材料和磷酸铁锂材料的两种制备工艺相互协同,通过控制条件实现了两种气氛的分离和回用,从而达到节能降碳的目的。
为达到此公开目的,本公开采用以下技术方案:
第一方面,本公开实施例提供了一种全链条一体化低碳生产正极材料的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)通过共沉淀法制备三元前驱体,收集第一废气,对所述前驱体进行预氧化处理得到氧化前驱体;
(2)将所述氧化前驱体和碳酸锂混合进行一段烧结处理,收集第二废气,通入含氧气体进行二段烧结处理,得到三元正极材料;
(3)将磷源、铁源和锂源湿法混合得到磷酸铁锂前驱体,将所述磷酸铁锂前驱体和碳源混合,通入第二废气作为保护气,进行煅烧处理,得到磷酸铁锂正极材料,反应后的第二废气用第一废气的溶液进行吸收得到碳酸铵溶液。
本公开实施例所述预氧化工艺,可使得Li/Ni混排降低,提高材料循环稳定性。若采用无氧煅烧,则三元前驱体中Ni2+仍处于+2价,+2价的Ni2+会与进入晶格的Li+发生镍锂混排,而镍锂混排是不可逆的,会导致材料的缺陷较多,稳定性较差,本公开实施例在二段烧结加入氧气,减少高温下出现锂镍混排,保证正极材料性能。采用两段不同气氛烧结合成镍钴锰酸锂,第一段烧结为真空烧结,可以收集到纯净的二氧化碳,并且若二段烧结通入氧气,所得尾气也为 较纯净的氧气,可直接回用至二段烧结过程,节约成本。二氧化碳回用至磷酸铁锂合成,使得磷酸铁锂合成过程中无需加入其他惰性气体,降低成本,利用了三元生成过程中产生的氨气,能够吸收二氧化碳,降碳减排。
在一个实施例中,步骤(1)所述第一废气包括氨气。
在一个实施例中,步骤(1)所述预氧化处理包括将三元前驱体和强氧化物混合。
在一个实施例中,所述强氧化物包括臭氧和/或高氯酸锂。
在一个实施例中,所述强氧化物为臭氧,将臭氧通入反应容器,控制反应容器内臭氧质量占总气体质量的5~10%,例如:5%、6%、7%、8%、9%或10%等。
所述臭氧和三元前驱体的反应方程式如下:
M(OH)2+O3→MOOH+H2O+O2
在一个实施例中,所述强氧化物为高氯酸锂,将高氯酸锂与三元前驱体混合,高氯酸锂与三元前驱体中金属元素总摩尔比为0.5~0.6:1,例如:0.5:1、0.52:1、0.55:1、0.58:1或0.6:1等。
所述高氯酸锂和三元前驱体的反应方程式如下:
2M(OH)2+ClO4 -→2MOOH+ClO3 -+H2O。
在一个实施例中,步骤(1)所述预氧化处理的温度为80~120℃,例如:80℃、90℃、100℃、110℃或120℃等。
在一个实施例中,所述预氧化处理的时间为1~3h,例如:1h、1.5h、2h、2.5h或3h等。
本公开实施例所述预氧化过程使得三元正极前驱体氧化,降低烧结过程中氧气使用,降低成本以及二氧化碳的分离难度,更有利于收集纯净的二氧化碳 和氧气,有利于氧气的回用。
在一个实施例中,步骤(2)所述氧化前驱体和碳酸锂的摩尔比为1.01~1.05:1,例如:1.01:1、1.02:1、1.03:1、1.04:1或1.05:1等。
所述氧化前驱体和碳酸锂的反应方程式如下:
2MOOH+Li2CO3→2LiMO2+H2O+CO2↑。
在一个实施例中,所述一段烧结包括一步烧结和二步烧结。
在一个实施例中,所述一步烧结的温度为400~500℃,例如:400℃、420℃、450℃、480℃或500℃等。
在一个实施例中,所述一步烧结的时间为2~5h,例如:2h、2.5h、3h、4h或5h等。
在一个实施例中,所述二步烧结的温度为800~1100℃,例如:800℃、850℃、900℃、1000℃或1100℃等。
在一个实施例中,所述二步烧结的温度为2~5h,例如:2h、2.5h、3h、4h或5h等。
在一个实施例中,步骤(2)所述二段烧结的温度为800~1100℃,例如:800℃、850℃、900℃、1000℃或1100℃等。
在一个实施例中,所述二段烧结的时间为3~10h,例如:3h、4h、6h、8h或10h等。
在一个实施例中,所述第一废气和第二废气收集后进行除尘处理,分别得到氨气和二氧化碳。
在一个实施例中,所述含氧气体包括氧气或氧气空气混合气。
在一个实施例中,所述氧气空气混合气中空气与氧气的体积比为1:(1~4),例如:1:1、1:2、1:3或1:4等。
在一个实施例中,所述含氧气体的流速为30~50mL/min,例如:30mL/min、35mL/min、40mL/min、45mL/min或50mL/min等。
在一个实施例中,步骤(3)所述磷源包括磷酸、磷酸氢二锂或磷酸锂中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
在一个实施例中,所述铁源包括三氧化二铁、四氧化三铁、氧化亚铁、氢氧化铁、磷酸铁或草酸亚铁中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
在一个实施例中,所述锂源包括磷酸锂、氢氧化锂或磷酸二氢锂中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
在一个实施例中,步骤(3)所述碳源包括葡萄糖、蔗糖、柠檬酸、聚乙二醇、环糊精、聚乙烯醇、酚醛树脂、聚丙烯腈、淀粉或纤维素中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
在一个实施例中,所述碳源和磷酸铁锂前驱体的质量比为5~15:100,例如:5:100、8:100、10:100、12:100或15:100等。
在一个实施例中,步骤(3)所述煅烧处理的温度为600~750℃,例如:600℃、620℃、650℃、700℃或750℃等。
在一个实施例中,所述煅烧处理的时间为6~12h,例如:6h、7h、8h、10h或12h等。
相对于相关技术,本公开具有以下有益效果:
本公开结合三元正极材料和磷酸铁锂正极材料两种工艺,本公开通过预氧化、尾气收集等工艺,在降低材料镍锂混排的同时,能够减少烧结过程氧气的使用,可降低这一部分外购液氧的碳排放,本公开所述方法可以直接得到可回用的二氧化碳,减少了混合尾气中二氧化碳分离步骤的碳排放,此外,产生的二氧化碳直接回用至磷酸铁锂生产步骤,减少了磷酸铁锂生产过程中外购惰性 气体的碳排放以及三元正极材料生产过程中产生的碳排放,本公开所述方法可以实现材料制备过程中产生废气的分离、回收和再利用,无需加入其它保护性气体,实现了废气全链条一体化回收利用,达到了降碳减排的标准,实现了节能降碳的目的。
在阅读并理解了附图和详细描述后,可以明白其他方面。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本文技术方案的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与本申请的实施例一起用于解释本文的技术方案,并不构成对本文技术方案的限制。
图1是本公开实施例1所述方法的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本公开的技术方案。本领域技术人员应该明了,所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本公开,不应视为对本公开的具体限制。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种全链条一体化低碳生产正极材料的方法,所述方法的工艺流程图如图1所示,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)配置浓度为1mol/L的镍钴锰三元金属硫酸盐,Ni:Co:Mn摩尔比为5:2:3,向混合溶液中加入液碱以及氨水进行共沉淀,控制溶液pH为11,温度为60℃,连续搅拌8h后陈化12h,随后过滤、洗涤得到三元正极材料前驱体,并收集反应过程中的尾气,将前驱体放置于回转窑中,将臭氧气体在常压下通入,控制回转窑内臭氧气体浓度为6%,100℃下干燥1.5h得到氧化后的前驱体;
(2)将氧化后的前驱体和碳酸锂(碳酸锂与前驱体金属元素总量的摩尔比 值为1.02:1)在真空气氛下进行一段烧结,以3℃/min的升温速率升至500℃烧结3h随后以1.5℃/min的升温速率升至900℃并保温4h,收集废气。保持温度,以35mL/min的速度通入空气与氧气的混合物进行二段烧结反应,氧气与空气的体积比为1:1,反应时间6h,得到三元正极材料;
(3)分别收集步骤(1)共沉淀的废气和步骤(2)一段烧结的废气,除尘,可分别得到氨气混合气和二氧化碳气体,将氢氧化锂、草酸亚铁、磷酸二氢铵按照摩尔比1.01:1:1湿法混合、烘干破碎后得到磷酸铁锂前驱体,将所述磷酸铁锂前驱体与聚乙烯醇按照质量比为100:5混合,通入得到的二氧化碳气体,使得管式炉中保持二氧化碳气氛,700℃煅烧8h,得到磷酸铁锂正极材料,将收集的氨气溶于水中,吸收管式炉反应后的二氧化碳,得到碳酸铵溶液。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种全链条一体化低碳生产正极材料的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)配置浓度为1mol/L的镍钴锰三元金属硫酸盐,Ni:Co:Mn摩尔比为5:2:3,向混合溶液中加入液碱以及氨水进行共沉淀,控制溶液pH为11,温度为60℃,连续搅拌8h后陈化12h,随后过滤、洗涤得到三元正极材料前驱体,并收集反应过程中的尾气,将前驱体放置于回转窑中,将前驱体与高氯酸锂按照高氯酸锂与前驱体中金属元素总摩尔比为0.52:1混合,放入120℃的干燥箱中干燥3h,得到氧化后的前驱体;
(2)将氧化后的前驱体和碳酸锂(碳酸锂与前驱体金属元素总量的摩尔比值为1.02:1)在真空气氛下进行一段烧结,以3℃/min的升温速率升至450℃烧结3h随后以1.5℃/min的升温速率升至950℃并保温3h,收集废气,保持温 度,通入氧气进行二段烧结反应,氧气流量为40ml/min,反应时间6h,得到三元正极材料;
(3)分别收集步骤(1)共沉淀的废气和步骤(2)一段烧结的废气,除尘,可分别得到氨气混合气和二氧化碳气体,将氢氧化锂、草酸亚铁、磷酸二氢铵按照摩尔比1.02:1:1湿法混合、烘干破碎后得到磷酸铁锂前驱体,将所述磷酸铁锂前驱体与葡萄糖按照质量比为100:10混合,通入得到的二氧化碳气体,使得管式炉中保持二氧化碳气氛,600℃煅烧8h,得到磷酸铁锂正极材料,将收集的氨气溶于水中,吸收管式炉反应后的二氧化碳,得到碳酸铵溶液。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种全链条一体化低碳生产正极材料的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)配置浓度为1mol/L的镍钴锰三元金属硫酸盐,Ni:Co:Mn摩尔比为8:1:1,向混合溶液中加入液碱以及氨水进行共沉淀,控制溶液pH为11,温度为60℃,连续搅拌8h后陈化12h,随后过滤、洗涤得到三元正极材料前驱体,并收集反应过程中的尾气,将前驱体放置于回转窑中,将臭氧气体在常压下通入,控制回转窑内臭氧气体浓度为6%,100℃下干燥1.5h得到氧化后的前驱体;
(2)将氧化后的前驱体和碳酸锂(碳酸锂与前驱体金属元素总量的摩尔比值为1.02:1)在真空气氛下进行一段烧结,以3℃/min的升温速率升至500℃烧结3h随后以1.5℃/min的升温速率升至1100℃并保温2h,收集废气,保持温度,通入氧气充满反应釜后进行二段烧结反应,氧气通入速率为50mL/min,反应时间8h,得到三元正极材料;
(3)分别收集步骤(1)共沉淀的废气和步骤(2)一段烧结的废气,除尘, 可分别得到氨气混合气和二氧化碳气体,将氢氧化锂、草酸亚铁、磷酸二氢铵按照摩尔比1.03:1:1湿法混合、烘干破碎后得到磷酸铁锂前驱体,将所述磷酸铁锂前驱体与柠檬酸按照质量比为100:15混合,通入得到的二氧化碳气体,使得管式炉中保持二氧化碳气氛,750℃煅烧8h,得到磷酸铁锂正极材料,将收集的氨气溶于水中,吸收管式炉反应后的二氧化碳,得到碳酸铵溶液。
对比例1
本对比例提供了一种全链条一体化低碳生产正极材料的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)配置浓度为1mol/L的镍钴锰三元金属硫酸盐,Ni:Co:Mn摩尔比为5:2:3,向混合溶液中加入液碱以及氨水进行共沉淀,控制溶液pH为11,温度为60℃,连续搅拌8h后陈化12h,随后过滤、洗涤、干燥得到三元正极材料前驱体,并收集反应过程中的尾气;
(2)将前驱体和碳酸锂(碳酸锂与前驱体金属元素总量的摩尔比值为1.02:1)混合在氧气气氛下煅烧,氧气流速为40mL/min,收集废气,分别对步骤(1)和步骤(2)得到的气体进行除尘处理分别得到二氧化碳氧气混合气体和氨气混合气,对二氧化碳氧气混合气进行分离处理,得到纯净二氧化碳气体;
(3)将氢氧化锂、草酸亚铁、磷酸二氢铵按照摩尔比1.01:1:1湿法混合、烘干破碎后得到磷酸铁锂前驱体,通入得到的二氧化碳气体,使得管式炉中保持二氧化碳气氛,700℃煅烧8h,得到磷酸铁锂正极材料,将收集的氨气溶于水中,吸收管式炉反应后的二氧化碳,得到碳酸铵溶液。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例3的区别仅在于在未进行预氧化且在一段烧结过程中通 入氧气。
由实施例1-3和对比例1对比可以看出,本公开预先对前驱体预氧化相较于未进行预氧化减少了二氧化碳的分离除杂步骤,明显降低了成本。
根据CN114067922A的碳计算方式,计算得到实施例1的单位产品碳排放为7.15kgCO2e,实施例2的单位产品碳排放为7.64kgCO2e,实施例3的单位产品碳排放为7.48kgCO2e,对比例1的单位产品碳排放为10.35kgCO2e,对比例2的单位产品碳排放为10.96kgCO2e
由实施例1-3和对比例1-2对比可以看出,在生成三元正极材料的过程中,本公开方法能够显著减少单位产品碳排放。
本公开采用两段不同气氛烧结合成镍钴锰酸锂,分别可以得到纯净的二氧化碳可以用于后续磷酸铁锂合成,无需在磷酸铁锂的制备过程中加入保护气,降低成本,反应过程中生成的所有废气均可以进行回收,实现了降碳减排。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种全链条一体化低碳生产正极材料的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
    (1)通过共沉淀法制备三元前驱体,收集第一废气,对所述前驱体进行预氧化处理得到氧化前驱体;
    (2)将所述氧化前驱体和碳酸锂混合进行一段烧结处理,收集第二废气,通入含氧气体进行二段烧结处理,得到三元正极材料;
    (3)将磷源、铁源和锂源湿法混合得到磷酸铁锂前驱体,将所述磷酸铁锂前驱体和碳源混合,通入第二废气作为保护气,进行煅烧处理,得到磷酸铁锂正极材料,反应后的第二废气用第一废气的溶液进行吸收得到碳酸铵溶液。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,步骤(1)所述第一废气包括氨气。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,步骤(1)所述预氧化处理包括将三元前驱体和强氧化物混合;
    可选地,所述强氧化物包括臭氧和/或高氯酸锂。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的方法,其中,所述强氧化物为臭氧,将臭氧通入反应容器,控制反应容器内臭氧质量占总气体质量的5~10%。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的方法,其中,所述强氧化物为高氯酸锂,将高氯酸锂与三元前驱体混合,高氯酸锂与三元前驱体中金属元素总摩尔比为0.5~0.6:1。
  6. 如权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤(1)所述预氧化处理的温度为80~120℃;
    可选地,所述预氧化处理的时间为1~3h。
  7. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤(2)所述氧化前驱体和碳酸锂的摩尔比为1.01~1.05:1。
  8. 如权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法,其中,所述一段烧结包括一步烧结和二步烧结;
    可选地,所述一步烧结的温度为400~500℃;
    可选地,所述一步烧结的时间为2~5h;
    可选地,所述二步烧结的温度为800~1100℃;
    可选地,所述二步烧结的时间为2~5h。
  9. 如权利要求1-8任一项所述的方法,其中,所述含氧气体包括氧气或氧气空气混合气;
    可选地,所述氧气空气混合气中空气与氧气的体积比为1:(1~4);
    可选地,所述含氧气体的流速为30~50mL/min。
  10. 如权利要求1-9任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤(2)所述二段烧结的温度为800~1100℃;
    可选地,所述二段烧结的时间为3~10h。
  11. 如权利要求1-10任一项所述的方法,其中,所述第一废气和第二废气收集后进行除尘处理,分别得到氨气和二氧化碳。
  12. 如权利要求1-11任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤(3)所述磷源包括磷酸、磷酸氢二锂或磷酸锂中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,所述铁源包括三氧化二铁、四氧化三铁、氧化亚铁、氢氧化铁、磷酸铁或草酸亚铁中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
  14. 如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,所述锂源包括磷酸锂、氢氧化锂或磷酸二氢锂中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
  15. 如权利要求1-14任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤(3)所述碳源包括葡萄糖、蔗糖、柠檬酸、聚乙二醇、环糊精、聚乙烯醇、酚醛树脂、聚丙烯腈、淀粉或纤维素中的任意一种或至少两种的组合;
    可选地,所述碳源和磷酸铁锂前驱体的质量比为5~15:100。
  16. 如权利要求1-15任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤(3)所述煅烧处理的温度为600~750℃;
    可选地,所述煅烧处理的时间为6~12h。
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