WO2024045783A1 - 一种半挂车牵引座的锁止装置 - Google Patents

一种半挂车牵引座的锁止装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024045783A1
WO2024045783A1 PCT/CN2023/101193 CN2023101193W WO2024045783A1 WO 2024045783 A1 WO2024045783 A1 WO 2024045783A1 CN 2023101193 W CN2023101193 W CN 2023101193W WO 2024045783 A1 WO2024045783 A1 WO 2024045783A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pull rod
inclined iron
locking device
lever
semi
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PCT/CN2023/101193
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
纪宏超
温彦柯
于江
崔国发
黄晓敏
王鑫阁
赵泽岭
李伟
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华北理工大学
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Application filed by 华北理工大学 filed Critical 华北理工大学
Publication of WO2024045783A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024045783A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60D—VEHICLE CONNECTIONS
    • B60D1/00—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices
    • B60D1/14—Draw-gear or towing devices characterised by their type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60D—VEHICLE CONNECTIONS
    • B60D1/00—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices
    • B60D1/24—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices characterised by arrangements for particular functions
    • B60D1/28—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices characterised by arrangements for particular functions for preventing unwanted disengagement, e.g. safety appliances

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field related to semi-trailer traction seats, and specifically designs a traction seat locking device that is convenient, safe and light in weight.
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a traction seat locking device with small installation space, light weight and convenient operation in view of the shortcomings of the existing technology.
  • the locking device for the semi-trailer traction seat includes a hook lock and a lever.
  • the hook lock and the lever are rotationally matched.
  • the hook lock is used to fix the traction pin to ensure a smooth connection between the semi-trailer and the tractor.
  • the lever There are two fulcrums on it, which are used to control the movement of the inclined iron pin through the restriction of the fulcrums during the contact between the hook lock and the lever.
  • the safety lock and the inclined iron pull rod cannot be pulled out at will, so the safety lock is very important.
  • the performance and operation of the small push or small pull safety bolt are better than the current rotary vane mechanism.
  • the safety lock uses a rod-shaped pin and a small push spring. The spring connection makes the inclined iron self-locking to prevent misoperation.
  • the inclined iron is connected with the pull rod and the hook lock, and is used to control the separation and locking of the hook lock to ensure that the hook lock will not rotate when the traction seat is working.
  • the thrust spring is arranged between the side of the traction seat shell and the inclined iron, and is connected to the pull rod.
  • the thrust spring is arranged in the sliding rod to provide elastic support for the sliding rod.
  • the oblique iron pin is connected by a rod-shaped pin and a small thrust spring, is arranged between the oblique iron and the lever, is connected to the lever through a floating shaft, and is used to fix the oblique iron when separated.
  • the pull rod is connected to the thrust spring and the diagonal iron, and the pull rod and the limit block are connected through a thread.
  • the outer end of the pull rod is provided with threads and nuts to realize the diagonal iron limit.
  • the existing inclined iron limit mechanism mainly limits the wedge depth of the inclined iron.
  • the force exerted by the limit mechanism comes from the impact force of the inclined iron tension spring.
  • the limit form is a push gear. If the limit form is changed to a pull gear, the effect will be The same, so a limit bolt can be added to the outer end of the inclined iron tie rod, and the limit of the inclined iron can be realized through the action of the bolt and the shell, and the limit amount can be adjusted through the bolt.
  • This solution can eliminate the limiting ejector rod of the inclined iron, while reducing the weight of the ejector rod assembly.
  • the inclined iron locking spring is the guarantee for the safety of the trailer. When the vehicle is driving at high speed, all components are constantly vibrating.
  • the tension spring appears The amplitude increases greatly after resonance, which will lead to accelerated hanging point wear and fatigue fracture of the spring.
  • the service life of the tension spring is much shorter than that of the thrust spring, and the price of the thrust spring is lower than that of the tension spring, and its weight is also lower than that of the tension spring.
  • the spring acts directly on the inclined iron, which can effectively utilize the thrust of the spring. Therefore, the specifications of the spring can be appropriately reduced and a part of the link parts can be reduced, and the weight can be reduced accordingly.
  • a safety lock device is added. The inclined iron pull rod cannot be pulled out at will, so the safety lock is very important.
  • the performance and operation of the small push or small pull safety bolt are better than the current rotary vane mechanism.
  • This mechanism uses a rod-shaped pin and a small push force.
  • the spring makes the inclined iron self-lock to prevent misoperation; the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a traction seat locking device with small installation space, light weight and convenient operation in view of the shortcomings of the existing technology.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic front structural view of the locked state according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the front view of the separation state according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1-limit block 2-pull rod, 3-thrust spring, 4-safety lock, 5-inclined iron pin, 6-inclined iron, 7- Hook lock, 8-lever.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a locking device for a semi-trailer tractor seat.
  • the locking device for a semi-trailer tractor includes:
  • the hook lock 7 and the lever 8 have a rotational fit between the hook lock 7 and the lever 8 .
  • the safety lock 4 adopts a rod-shaped pin to connect with a small thrust spring to make the inclined iron 6 self-locking.
  • the inclined iron 6 is connected with the pull rod 2 and the hook lock 7, and controls the separation and locking of the hook lock 7.
  • Thrust spring 3 is arranged between the side of the traction seat shell and the inclined iron 6, and is connected to the pull rod 2. It can convert the pulling force of pulling the pull rod 2 outward into the elastic force when the spring deforms. When locked, The inclined iron 6 can be pushed by the elastic force of the thrust spring 3, so that the inclined iron 6 can move in the horizontal direction. The inclined iron 6 and the hook lock 7 cooperate with each other to improve the stability during traction.
  • the thrust spring 3 is arranged on the sliding rod. Inside, used to achieve elastic support for the sliding rod.
  • the inclined iron pin 5 is arranged between the inclined iron 6 and the lever 3 and is close to the inclined iron 6 to fix the inclined iron 6 when separated.
  • the pull rod 2 is connected to the thrust spring 3 and the inclined iron 6, and the pull rod 2 and the limit block 1 are connected through a thread.
  • the outer end of the pull rod is provided with threads and nuts to realize the inclined iron limit.
  • the traction seat is used to connect the semi-trailer
  • the hook lock 7 and the inclined iron 6 are used to fix the pin shaft of the semi-trailer
  • the traction seat and the hook lock 7 adopt the existing public technology
  • the pull rod 2 can retract the semi-trailer.
  • the lateral pulling force is converted into the elastic force of the thrust spring 3.
  • the inclined iron 6 moves laterally under the action of the pull rod 2 and is fixed by the inclined iron pin 5.
  • the inclined iron pin 5 can achieve one-way support for the inclined iron 6, and the hook The way the lock 7 and the inclined iron 6 cooperate with each other can completely fix the inclined iron pin 5 in the hook lock 7, and the hook lock 7 can realize the steering function under the action of the thrust spring 3; through the restriction of the safety lock 4 and the limit block 1 , can achieve a safe and stable connection; compared with the existing technology, the embodiment of the present invention is provided with the cooperative arrangement of the lever 8, the limit block 1, the thrust spring 3, the safety lock 4 and the inclined iron pin 5, which can realize the connection without relying on In the case of a limit ejector rod and a tension spring, the semi-trailer traction seat can be locked, thereby reducing the overall mass of the traction seat. Extend the life of the traction seat.
  • the linkage components include:
  • the floating shaft B connects the lever 8 and the inclined iron pin 5, and the lever 8 drives the inclined iron pin 5 to move upward through the floating shaft B.
  • the working principle of the present invention is: when the tractor is connected to the semi-trailer, it is confirmed that the traction seat inclined iron 6 is in the pulled-out state, the tractor reverses slowly so that the trailer pin enters the hook lock 7, and under the push of the pin
  • the lower hook lock 7 rotates clockwise around the A-axis.
  • the E end of the hook lock 7 contacts the F end of the lever 8 and drives the lever 8 to rotate counterclockwise around the C axis.
  • the lever 8 drives the inclined iron pin 5 to move upward through the floating axis B, releasing the
  • the inclined iron 6 locks the hook lock 7 under the action of the thrust spring 3, and then the safety lock 4 automatically locks, and then the pipeline between the two vehicles is inserted, the trailer top column is retracted, and the hooking is completed.
  • the trailer is separated from the tractor, that is, when the tractor seat is separated from the trailer pin, first operate the jack pillars on both sides of the trailer and push the pillars firmly against the ground, separate the pipeline between the tractor and the trailer, and then pull out the safety pin in the direction of the arrow. Lock 4, and then pull the pull rod 2 outward in the direction of the arrow to pull out the inclined iron 6.
  • the inclined iron pin 5 When the inclined iron 6 is pulled to the middle blocking position, the inclined iron pin 5 is locked to separate the inclined iron 6 and the hook lock 7, and then the tractor Moving forward, the trailer pin moves out and drives the hook lock 7 to rotate counterclockwise around the A axis. The E end of the hook lock 7 contacts the F end of the lever 8. At this time, the hook lock 7 drives the lever 8 to rotate clockwise around the floating axis B at a certain angle. At this time, the inclined iron pin 5 remains locked. The actual lever 8 in the traction seat does not work during the separation process of the tractor and the trailer. The tractor continues to move forward, and the trailer pin completely separates from the traction seat and the two vehicles separate.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Cleaning, Maintenance, Repair, Refitting, And Outriggers (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及半挂车牵引座相关领域，提供了一种方便、安全、重量小的牵引座锁止装置。其中包括拉杆、限位块、安全锁、杠杆、推力弹簧、钩锁、斜铁和斜铁销。拉杆与推力弹簧、斜铁相连接，用于控制斜铁的移动，钩锁固定在A点位置，且可以随着A点转动，转动时钩锁的E点能够与杠杆的F点发生碰撞，限位块固定在牵引座壳体的侧面用于固定拉杆的位置，防止拉杆发生滑动，杠杆固定在牵引座壳体的内表面B点和C点，安全锁、斜铁销和推力弹簧用于控制斜铁的位置。本发明通过拉杆、斜铁销、安全锁以及推力弹簧的配合设置，能够实现对半挂车牵引座的锁止。

Description

一种半挂车牵引座的锁止装置 技术领域
本发明涉及半挂车牵引座相关领域，具体设计一种方便、安全、重量小的牵引座锁止装置。
背景技术
随着科学技术和国民经济的持续健康发展，我国的公路运输事业得到了较大的发展。半挂牵引车由于其运输量大、高效经济的特点，近年来被广泛运用于运输行业。半挂牵引车应该具备有良好的操作性、经济型，而我国的牵引座生产与设计与欧美发达国家相比略显落后。并且牵引座作为半挂车与牵引车之间的连接装置，其安全性应该引起我们足够的重视，如果操作不当将会引发严重的交通事故，目前牵引座的锁止装置较为复杂且占用空间较大，特别是拉力弹簧部件，拉力弹簧出现谐振后振幅极具增加，因此会导致弹簧加速挂点磨损及疲劳断裂。
目前汽车轻量化已经成为我国的一大发展趋势，传统的牵引座重量较大，通过改变牵引座的锁止机构能有效地降低牵引座的质量，以达到轻量化的目的。
因此，针对以上现状，迫切需要提供一种用于半挂车牵引座的锁止装置，以克服当前实际应用中的不足。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种安装空间小、质量较轻、操作较为方便的牵引座锁止装置。
本发明技术方案如下：
所述用于半挂车牵引座的锁止装置包括，钩锁以及杠杆，所述钩锁与杠杆之间转动配合，钩锁用来固定牵引销，以保证半挂车与牵引车的平稳连接，杠杆上设有两个支点，用于钩锁与杠杆接触过程中通过支点的限制来控制斜铁销的移动。
所述安全锁，斜铁拉杆是不能随意拔出，因此安全锁至关重要，小推力或小拉力安全栓锁性能及操作优于现款旋片机构，安全锁采用杆状销与小推力弹 簧相连接使斜铁自锁，防止误操作。
所述斜铁，与拉杆与钩锁相连接，用于控制钩锁的分离与锁止，保证牵引座在工作时钩锁不会发生转动。
所述推力弹簧设置在牵引座壳体侧面与斜铁之间，并与拉杆相连接，所述推力弹簧设置在滑动杆内，用于实现对滑动杆的弹性支撑。
所述斜铁销采用杆状销与小推力弹簧相连接的方式，设置在斜铁与杠杆之间，与杠杆通过浮动轴相连接，用于分离时固定斜铁。
所述拉杆与推力弹簧和斜铁相连接且拉杆与限位块之间通过一段螺纹连接，拉杆外端设螺纹及螺母实现斜铁限位。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
现有技术的斜铁限位机构主要是限制斜铁楔入深度，限位机构所受的力来自斜铁拉簧的冲击力，限位形式为推档，如果限位形式改为拉档效果相同，因此可以在斜铁拉杆的外端增加一限位螺栓，通过螺栓与壳体作用实现斜铁的限位，并通过螺栓调整限位量。该方案可以去除斜铁的限位顶杆，虽然减轻顶杆组件重量。斜铁锁紧弹簧是挂车行驶安全的保证，车辆在高速行驶过程中所有部件都在不停震动，弹性部件受到连续击振就会产生高频震荡和谐振，特别是拉力弹簧部件，拉力弹簧出现谐振后振幅极具增加，因此会导致弹簧加速挂点磨损及疲劳断裂，在普通场合拉力弹簧使用寿命远远小于推力弹簧寿命，而推力弹簧价格低于拉力弹簧价格，重量也低于拉力弹簧，弹簧直接作用于斜铁，可有效利用弹簧的推力，因此弹簧的规格可适当减小并减少一部分链接件，重量相应减少。增设了安全锁装置，斜铁拉杆是不能随意拔出的，因此安全锁至关重要，小推力或小拉力安全栓锁性能及操作优于现款旋片机构，该机构采用杆状销与小推力弹簧使斜铁自锁，防止误操作；本发明要解决的问题是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种安装空间小、质量较轻、操作较为方便的牵引座锁止装置。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的锁止状态主视结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例的分离状态主视结构示意图。
其中，1-限位块，2-拉杆，3-推力弹簧，4-安全锁，5-斜铁销，6-斜铁，7- 钩锁，8-杠杆。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清晰，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的具体实现进行详细描述。
请参阅图1，本发明实施例提供的一种用于半挂车牵引座的锁止装置，用于半挂牵引车的锁止装置包括：
钩锁7以及杠杆8，钩锁7与杠杆8之间转动配合。
安全锁4，采用杆状销与小推力弹簧相连接使斜铁6自锁。
斜铁6与拉杆2、钩锁7相连接，控制钩锁7的分离与锁止。
推力弹簧3，推力弹簧3设置在牵引座壳体侧面与斜铁6之间，并与拉杆2相连接，能够将向外拉动拉杆2的拉力转化为弹簧发生形变时的弹力，在锁止时能通过推力弹簧3的弹力推动斜铁6，使斜铁6能够实现在水平方向上的运动，斜铁6与钩锁7相互配合，同时提高牵引时的稳定性，推力弹簧3设置在滑动杆内，用于实现对滑动杆的弹性支撑。
斜铁销5设置在斜铁6与杠杆3之间并且紧贴斜铁6，用于分离时固定斜铁6。
其中，拉杆2与推力弹簧3、斜铁6相连接，且拉杆2与限位块1之间通过一段螺纹连接，拉杆外端设螺纹及螺母实现斜铁限位。
在本发明的实施例中，牵引座用于连接半挂车，钩锁7和斜铁6用于固定半挂车的销轴，且牵引座和钩锁7采用现有公开技术，拉杆2能将收到的横向拉力转化为推力弹簧3的弹力，斜铁6在拉杆2的作用下做横向移动并通过斜铁销5固定斜铁，斜铁销5能够实现对斜铁6的单向支撑，钩锁7和斜铁6相互配合的方式能够使斜铁销5完全固定在钩锁7中，钩锁7在推力弹簧3的作用下能够实现转向功能；通过安全锁4和限位块1的限制，能够实现安全、平稳的连接；相比现有技术，本发明实施例设置有杠杆8、限位块1、推力弹簧3、安全锁4以及斜铁销5的配合设置，能够在不依赖于限位顶杆和拉力弹簧的情况下，实现对半挂车牵引座的锁止处理，从而减轻牵引座的整体质量， 延长牵引座的使用寿命。
在本发明的一个实施例中，请参阅图1和图2，联动组件包括：
浮动轴B连接杠杆8和斜铁销5，杠杆8通过浮动轴B带动斜铁销5上移。
在本发明的一个实施例中，请参阅图1，通过钩锁7的E端和杠杆8的F端的转动接触，能够实现杠杆8和斜铁销5的上升和下降。
在本发明的一个实施例中，请参阅图2，在分离状态时，通过拉杆2的作用将斜铁6固定在斜铁销5位置，钩锁7在推力弹簧3的作用下逆时针转动一定角度，以便于斜铁销5和牵引座的连接。
综上所述，本发明的工作原理是：牵引车与半挂车挂接时，确认牵引座斜铁6处于拉出状态，牵引车缓慢倒车使挂车销轴进入钩锁7，在销轴的推动下钩锁7绕A轴顺时针转动，钩锁7的E端与杠杆8的F端接触并带动杠杆8绕C轴逆时针转动，杠杆8通过浮动轴B带动斜铁销5上移，释放斜铁6，在推力弹簧3的作用下将钩锁7锁紧，随后安全锁4自动落锁，再插接两车之间管线，收回拖车顶柱，完成挂接。当挂车与牵引车分离，即牵引座与挂车销轴分离时，首先操作拖车双侧顶柱并将顶柱与地面顶实，分离牵引车与挂车之间的管线，然后按箭头方向拔出安全锁4，再按照箭头方向向外拉动拉杆2带动拉出斜铁6，当斜铁6拉到中间卡位处时，斜铁销5落锁使斜铁6与钩锁7分离，随后牵引车前行，拖车销轴移出并带动钩锁7绕A轴逆时针转动，钩锁7的E端与杠杆8的F端接触，这时钩锁7带动杠杆8绕浮动轴B顺时针转动一定角度后脱离，此时斜铁销5保持锁定状态，实际牵引座中的杠杆8在牵引车与挂车分离过程中不起作用，牵引车继续前行，拖车销轴完全脱离牵引座两车分离。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种半挂车牵引座锁止装置，其特征在于，包括限位块、拉杆、推力弹簧、安全锁、斜铁销、斜铁、钩锁和杠杆，拉杆采用圆钢以便于加工和装配，杠杆固定在牵引座壳体表面上，推力弹簧连接牵引座壳体侧面和斜铁侧面，限位块焊接在牵引座壳体侧面并通过螺栓与牵引座壳体的作用实现斜铁的限位，拉杆外端设螺纹及螺母实现斜铁限位，安全锁和斜铁销采用杆状销与小推力弹簧使斜铁自锁，防止误操作。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种半挂车牵引座锁止装置，其特征在于，所述杠杆与两个支点相连接，斜铁销通过小推力弹簧和支点B与杠杆相连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种半挂车牵引座锁止装置，其特征在于，装置中增设内部安全锁，所述安全锁能在分离前手动拔出。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种半挂车牵引座锁止装置，其特征在于，所述钩锁在转动时能与杠杆互相接触，并在顺时针转动时能控制斜铁销的上下移动。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种半挂车牵引座锁止装置，其特征在于，所述斜铁斜面中间位置有明显的过渡，用于斜铁和斜铁销之间的固定，以实现自锁。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种半挂车牵引座锁止装置，其特征在于，所述杠杆与斜铁销通过支点B和小推力弹簧相连接，斜铁销形状为三角形且侧面与斜铁互相接触。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种半挂车牵引座锁止装置，其特征在于，所述限位块与拉杆之间设置有用于固定的螺纹，用于固定拉杆的位置和调整斜铁的位置。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种半挂车牵引座锁止装置，其特征在于，所述拉杆与杠杆之间不平行且拉杆与杠杆之间的角度小于90°。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种半挂车牵引座锁止装置，其特征在于，所述拉杆上设有一段螺纹且采用圆钢以便于加工和装配。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种半挂车牵引座锁止装置，其特征在于，所述拉杆与斜铁之间采用推力弹簧代替拉力弹簧以减缓磨损及疲劳断裂，延长使用寿命。
PCT/CN2023/101193 2022-09-02 2023-06-20 一种半挂车牵引座的锁止装置 WO2024045783A1 (zh)

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