WO2023237118A1 - 预铺防水卷材 - Google Patents

预铺防水卷材 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023237118A1
WO2023237118A1 PCT/CN2023/099555 CN2023099555W WO2023237118A1 WO 2023237118 A1 WO2023237118 A1 WO 2023237118A1 CN 2023099555 W CN2023099555 W CN 2023099555W WO 2023237118 A1 WO2023237118 A1 WO 2023237118A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
holes
paved
adhesive
waterproofing membrane
rubber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/099555
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈志伟
杨小育
龚兴宇
Original Assignee
科顺防水科技股份有限公司
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Filing date
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Application filed by 科顺防水科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 科顺防水科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023237118A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023237118A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66—Sealings
    • E04B1/665—Sheets or foils impervious to water and water vapor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
    • C09J7/29—Laminated material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B2001/925—Protection against harmful electro-magnetic or radio-active radiations, e.g. X-rays

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the technical field of waterproofing membranes, and specifically relates to a pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • Waterproofing membrane is a flexible building material product that can be rolled into a roll to prevent leakage of rainwater and groundwater. It is mainly used for building walls, roofs, tunnels, highways, landfills, etc. It is the first step in waterproofing the entire project. A barrier plays a vital role in the entire project.
  • waterproofing membranes can be divided into self-adhesive waterproofing membranes, wet-laid waterproofing membranes and pre-laid waterproofing membranes according to different construction techniques.
  • the traditional pre-paved waterproofing membrane structure can be divided into three layers: main material, self-adhesive layer and anti-adhesive layer.
  • the anti-adhesive layer can isolate the self-adhesive layer to prevent the pre-paved waterproofing membrane from appearing during the construction process. Sticky feet phenomenon, thereby improving construction efficiency.
  • most of the pre-paved waterproofing membranes are sand-covered pre-paved waterproofing membranes.
  • the anti-adhesive layer of the sand-covered pre-paved waterproofing membranes is usually composed of mullite sand or reactive sand.
  • the mullite sand anti-adhesion layer and the reactive sand anti-adhesion layer are prone to sand falling off during the construction process. This will not only increase the risk of sticking feet, but also during the long-term laying process, the exposed self-adhesive layer is prone to aging under the action of external ultraviolet light, thereby reducing the bonding effect between the self-adhesive layer and concrete.
  • pre-paved waterproofing membranes that use mullite sand and reactive sand as anti-adhesion layers have poor peeling resistance. When concrete cracks, pre-paved waterproofing membranes are prone to peeling and leaking.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a pre-paved waterproofing membrane, which includes anti-adhesive films, self-propelled membranes and The adhesive layer and the main waterproof material layer, wherein the anti-adhesive film is provided with a plurality of holes opening on the surface of the anti-adhesive film, and at least some of the holes are through holes that penetrate the thickness of the anti-adhesive film.
  • the through holes Based on the total number of holes, the through holes The proportion of the number is 50% to 100%; the through holes meet the first preset conditions, which include: heating the pre-paved waterproofing membrane to 70°C; placing a 25cm*8cm test plate on the pre-paved waterproofing membrane The surface of the membrane is close to the anti-adhesive film so that the test plate covers the opening of the through-hole; when a positive pressure of 750N is applied to the pre-paved waterproof membrane through the test plate, the self-adhesive glue will not reach the test piece.
  • the first preset conditions which include: heating the pre-paved waterproofing membrane to 70°C; placing a 25cm*8cm test plate on the pre-paved waterproofing membrane The surface of the membrane is close to the anti-adhesive film so that the test plate covers the opening of the through-hole; when a positive pressure of 750N is applied to the pre-paved waterproof membrane through the test plate, the self-adhesive glue will not reach the test piece.
  • the anti-sticking film is continuously distributed and integrally formed, which not only fundamentally avoids the risk of sand falling off the anti-sticking layer, but also alleviates the problem of feet sticking during the construction of the pre-laying waterproofing membrane. , can also improve the tensile properties and puncture resistance of pre-paved waterproofing membranes.
  • the anti-sticking film is provided with a plurality of holes opening on the surface of the anti-sticking film, and the opening area of the holes is within the above-mentioned appropriate range. When concrete is poured later, the concrete can penetrate into the holes and form a fitting structure with the holes after curing.
  • the pre-paved waterproofing membrane of the present application is not only less likely to stick to feet during construction, thereby improving construction efficiency, but also has good mechanical properties and bonding properties, so that it can still have excellent waterproofing effects in the later stages of use.
  • the material of the anti-adhesive film includes one or more of plastic, rubber, ceramic materials, glass, and metal, and the material of the anti-adhesive film has a Shore A hardness ⁇ 3 HA.
  • the plastic is selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polymethacrylate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyester, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene, polyoxymethylene One or more of phenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, styrenic thermoplastic elastomer, and chlorinated polyethylene; the rubber is selected from chloroprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, ternary rubber One or more types of ethylene-propylene rubber.
  • the material of the anti-adhesive film includes polyolefin or a composite material formed of polyolefin and at least one of rubber, ceramic materials, glass, and metal.
  • the opening area of each hole independently ranges from 0.01cm 2 to 25cm 2 , and optionally from 0.25cm 2 to 10cm 2 .
  • the depth of each hole independently ranges from 0.1 mm to 100 mm, optionally from 10 mm to 50 mm.
  • the center distance between adjacent holes is 0.1cm ⁇ 10cm, optionally 0.6cm ⁇ 3.5cm.
  • S 1 /S 2 ⁇ 50%, optionally, S 1 /S 2 ⁇ 80%, where S 1 represents the total opening area of the plurality of holes, and S 2 represents the area of the anti-adhesive film.
  • the opening shape of the hole includes one or more of a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a polygon or an irregular shape.
  • the number of through holes accounts for 90% to 100%.
  • the holes are through-holes.
  • the surface of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane further includes a plurality of protruding structures, and the protruding structures are located on the surface of the anti-adhesive film.
  • raised structures are located around the holes.
  • the protruding structures are connected to each other.
  • the plurality of raised structures are independent of each other.
  • the raised structures include T-shaped raised structures, I-shaped raised structures, Y-shaped raised structures, S-shaped raised structures, C-shaped raised structures, A-shaped raised structures, and X-shaped raised structures.
  • the protruding structure includes a first part and a second part, the first part is used to connect the base layer of the release film and the second part; the maximum cross-sectional area of the second part is greater than the maximum cross-sectional area of the first part.
  • the self-adhesive layer includes natural rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, synthetic rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, recycled rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, styrene-butadiene-styrene system pressure-sensitive adhesive, styrene-isoprene system pressure-sensitive adhesive -
  • natural rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive synthetic rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, recycled rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive
  • styrene-butadiene-styrene system pressure-sensitive adhesive styrene-isoprene system pressure-sensitive adhesive
  • One or a combination of styrene system pressure-sensitive adhesive polyacrylate pressure-sensitive adhesive, polyvinyl chloride pressure-sensitive adhesive, silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive, polyvinyl ether pressure-sensitive adhesive, and butyl pressure-sensitive adhesive.
  • the self-adhesive layer includes styrene-isoprene-styrene pressure-sensitive adhesive, styrene-butadiene-styrene pressure-sensitive adhesive, polyacrylate pressure-sensitive adhesive, or butyl pressure-sensitive adhesive. one or more of them.
  • the thickness of the self-adhesive layer is less than or equal to the thickness of the anti-adhesive film, optionally, The thickness of the self-adhesive layer is 0.1mm ⁇ 0.4mm.
  • the main waterproof material layer includes one or more of plastic, rubber, ceramic materials, glass, and metal.
  • plastics include polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polymethacrylate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyester, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene ester, polyphenylene ether, One or more of polyphenylene sulfide, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, styrenic thermoplastic elastomer, and chlorinated polyethylene; the rubber is selected from chloroprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, and ethylene propylene diene rubber. one or more of them.
  • the surface of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane away from the main waterproof material layer further includes a paint layer
  • the paint layer is formed of organic polymer paint and/or inorganic paint.
  • organic polymer coatings include acrylic coatings, polyurethane coatings, polyvinyl acetate emulsions, epoxy resin coatings, alkyd resin coatings, perchlorethylene resin coatings, amino resin coatings, polyester resin coatings, and rubber coatings.
  • inorganic coatings include silicate sol.
  • the paint layer is formed from water-based acrylic paint and/or solvent-based acrylic paint.
  • Figure 1 is a top view of a pre-paved waterproofing membrane provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pre-paved waterproofing membrane provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of yet another pre-paved waterproofing membrane provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form an unexpressed range; and any lower limit can be combined with other lower limits to form an unexpressed range, and likewise any upper limit can be combined with any other upper limit to form an unexpressed range.
  • every point or individual value between the endpoints of a range is included in the range.
  • each point or single value may serve as a lower or upper limit on its own in combination with any other point or single value or with other lower or upper limits to form a range not expressly recited.
  • the relevant pre-paved waterproofing membranes are mostly sand-covered pre-paved waterproofing membranes.
  • dust is easily generated, causing environmental pollution and health hazards to production personnel.
  • the anti-adhesive layer of the sand-covered pre-paved waterproofing membrane is easily prone to sand falling off, which not only increases the risk of feet sticking during construction, but also intensifies the UV rays of the self-adhesive layer. Aging phenomenon will lead to a decrease in the anti-peeling performance of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane, and the glue will peel off later.
  • the self-adhesive layer of the sand-covered pre-paved waterproofing membrane will soften to a certain extent.
  • the mullite sand or reactive sand in the anti-adhesive layer of the sand-covered pre-paved waterproofing membrane can easily fall into the self-adhesive layer.
  • the adhesive layer will cause the self-adhesive layer to overflow, thereby exacerbating the risk of sticky feet during construction.
  • the inventor provided a pre-paved waterproofing membrane after in-depth thinking and extensive experiments.
  • the pre-paved waterproofing membrane of the present application includes an anti-adhesive film, a self-adhesive layer and a main waterproof material layer laminated in sequence.
  • the anti-adhesive film is provided with a plurality of holes opening on the surface of the anti-adhesive film. At least some of the holes are A through hole that penetrates the thickness of the anti-adhesive film. Based on the total number of holes, through holes The quantity proportion is 50% to 100%. The through hole meets the first preset condition.
  • the first preset condition includes: heating the pre-paved waterproofing membrane to 70°C; placing a 25cm*8cm test flat plate on the surface of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane near the anti-adhesive film, so that the test The flat plate covers the opening of the through-hole; when a positive pressure of 750N is applied to the pre-laid waterproofing membrane through the test flat plate, the self-adhesive glue will not reach the test piece.
  • the anti-adhesive film in this application is a continuous film that is separate from the self-adhesive layer and can be integrally formed.
  • the holes in this application may be uniformly distributed or non-uniformly distributed on the surface of the release film.
  • the holes may be substantially uniformly distributed on the surface of the release film or may be distributed in partial areas of the surface of the release film.
  • the anti-adhesive film 10 may preferably include evenly distributed holes, and these holes may include through holes 11 and non-through holes 12 .
  • each hole may be the same or different.
  • its bottom area can be the same as the opening area, or it can be different from the opening area.
  • the holes can have equal cross-sectional areas at any position, or they can have increasing or decreasing areas. , can also have an area with irregular fluctuations.
  • the above-mentioned test plate may include a specimen having at least one flat surface with a size of 25cm*8cm. When determining whether the through-hole meets the first preset condition, just cover the opening of the through-hole with a flat surface with a size of 25cm*8cm.
  • the material of the above-mentioned test flat plate can be any material, as long as the plane in contact with the pre-paved waterproof membrane does not undergo significant deformation when a positive pressure of 750N is applied to the pre-paved waterproof membrane through the test flat plate, there is no limit here.
  • the material of the test plate can be aluminum, stainless steel, rubber, plastic, rubber-plastic composite materials, recycled leather or elastic cardboard, etc.
  • the anti-adhesive film is a continuous film that is separate from the self-adhesive layer and can be integrally formed. This can fundamentally avoid the risk of sand falling off the anti-adhesive layer, thereby easing the construction of pre-paved waterproofing membranes. Sticky feet problem.
  • the anti-sticking film has an integrated layered structure, which can also improve the tensile performance and puncture resistance of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane. Therefore, when the pre-paved waterproofing membrane is pulled by the stress caused by concrete cracking or punctured by misplaced steel bars, it is not easy to crack or be punctured, thereby reducing the risk of water channeling from the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the inventors found that providing a plurality of holes in the anti-adhesive film with openings on the surface of the anti-adhesive film can improve the anti-peel strength of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane. Tensile properties and puncture resistance.
  • the anti-adhesion film is provided with the above-mentioned holes. When concrete is poured later, the concrete can penetrate into the holes and form a fitting structure with the holes after solidification, thereby improving the peeling strength of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the inventor further conducted research on the structure and through-holes of the self-adhesive layer and found that by designing the structure of the through-holes so that the through-holes meet the first preset conditions, it is possible to ensure that the pre-paved waterproof membrane can be used even under high-temperature construction. There will be no sticky feet. This improves the peel strength of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane and improves the construction efficiency of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the above-mentioned design of the structure of the through-holes may include, but is not limited to, designing the depth, volume, center distance of adjacent through-holes, shape of the through-holes, or the relationship between the above-mentioned structure of the through-holes and the thickness of the self-adhesive layer.
  • the depth of the through hole may range from 0.1 mm to 100 mm.
  • the depth of the through hole may be 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, 70 mm, 80 mm, 90 mm, 100 mm, or within the range of any of the above values.
  • the depth of each hole can be independently 10 mm to 50 mm.
  • the depth of the through hole may preferably be greater than the thickness of the self-adhesive layer.
  • the through-hole has a suitable depth.
  • the self-adhesive overflowing from the bottom of the through-hole cannot easily reach the hole opening, thus facilitating the through-hole to meet the above-mentioned requirements.
  • a preset condition When the depth of the through hole is greater than the thickness of the self-adhesive layer, the risk of the self-adhesive layer overflowing and contacting the test plate can be further reduced.
  • the volume of each through hole may range from 2.5 mm 3 to 10000 mm 3 .
  • the volume of each through hole may be 200mm 3 to 2500mm 3 .
  • the through hole has a volume of a suitable size, which is conducive to containing the overflowing self-adhesive glue, thereby preventing the self-adhesive glue from reaching the test plate, and thus helping the through hole meet the first preset condition.
  • the center distance between adjacent through holes may be 0.1 cm to 10 cm.
  • the center distance between adjacent through holes can be 0.1cm, 0.5cm, 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, 10cm or within the range of any of the above values.
  • the center distance between adjacent through holes may be 0.6 cm to 3.5 cm.
  • the center distance of adjacent holes can represent the distance between the geometric centers of adjacent holes. Without intending to be bound by any theory or explanation, the center distance of adjacent through-holes is within a suitable range.
  • the adjacent through-holes can share the overflowing self-adhesive with each other, thereby reducing Risk of self-adhesive escaping from the opening in a single through-hole.
  • the pre-paved waterproofing membrane of the present application has the above-mentioned anti-adhesive film on its surface, which not only prevents sticking during construction, thereby improving construction efficiency, but also has good UV aging resistance, mechanical properties and bonding properties, thus It can still have excellent waterproof effect after use.
  • the material of the anti-adhesive film may include one or more of plastic, rubber, glass, ceramic materials, and metal.
  • the Shore A hardness of the anti-mucosal material can be ⁇ 3HA.
  • Shore hardness also known as Shore hardness, can be used to indicate the hardness level of metals, plastics, rubber and other materials.
  • Shore A hardness can represent the hardness value tested with Shore A hardness tester. For specific test methods, please refer to the test standard GB/T 2411-1980.
  • the material of the anti-adhesive film meets the above conditions and can have both good tensile properties and mechanical strength.
  • the pre-paved waterproof membrane can have high tensile strength and good puncture resistance, so that it can maintain excellent waterproof performance in the later stages of use.
  • the plastic may be selected from polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polymethacrylates, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyesters (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate, Polybutylene terephthalate, etc.), polyamide, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene ester, polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, polyurethane (such as polyurethane, etc.), polytetrafluoroethylene, styrene One or more of thermoplastic elastomers (such as polystyrene butadiene copolymer, etc.) and chlorinated polyethylene.
  • the rubber can be selected from one or more types of chloroprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, and ethylene propylene diene rubber.
  • the material of the anti-adhesive film may include polyolefin or a composite material formed of polyolefin and at least one of rubber, ceramic materials, glass, and metal.
  • the above-mentioned polyolefin can be made of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, Thermoplastic resin obtained by polymerizing alone or copolymerizing ⁇ -olefins such as 4-methyl-1-pentene and certain cyclic olefins.
  • the polyolefin may be polyethylene and/or polypropylene.
  • the pre-laid waterproofing membrane can have higher peel strength.
  • polyolefin plastics have high plasticity and can be easily processed to form the required anti-adhesive film with holes.
  • polyolefin plastics have high strength and flexibility, and have a higher bonding force with concrete. This can further improve the bonding performance of pre-paved waterproofing membranes and concrete substrates, thereby further improving the pre-paved waterproofing membranes.
  • the peel strength of the material is particularly a high
  • controlling the opening area of the holes within the above-mentioned appropriate range can enable the cured concrete and the embedded structure formed by the holes to have a high bonding force, thus enabling the pre-paved waterproofing membrane to have better High peel strength. This can reduce the risk of water channeling and leakage caused by the pre-paved waterproofing membrane peeling off.
  • the depth of each hole may be the same or different.
  • the depth of each hole can be independently from 0.1mm to 100mm.
  • the depth of each hole can be independently 0.1mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, 5mm, 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, 50mm, 60mm, 70mm, 80mm, 90mm, 100mm or any combination of the above values.
  • the depth of the through hole may preferably be greater than the thickness of the self-adhesive layer.
  • the depth of each hole can be independently 10 mm to 50 mm.
  • the depth of the hole is within the above range. On the one hand, it can form a stronger embedded structure with the concrete. On the other hand, it can prevent the self-adhesive layer from being put under the pressure of the construction workers during high-temperature construction. It overflows under the action, thereby relieving the phenomenon of feet sticking during the construction of pre-paved waterproof membrane. As a result, the peeling strength and construction efficiency of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane can be improved.
  • the above-mentioned center distance of adjacent holes may represent the distance between the geometric centers of adjacent holes.
  • the center distance of adjacent holes in each group can be the same or different.
  • the above-mentioned center distance of adjacent holes may represent the center distance of adjacent holes in each area.
  • the center distance between adjacent holes is within the above range, which can ensure that the pre-paved waterproof membrane has high tensile strength and high peel strength, thereby further improving the waterproof performance of the pre-paved waterproof membrane.
  • the inventor found that when the center distance of adjacent holes is within the above-mentioned appropriate range, the multiple embedded structures formed by each hole and concrete can support and cooperate with each other. function, thereby forming an overall chimeric structure to further enhance the peeling strength of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the overall chimeric structure can also have a certain tensile strength. Compared with a separate chimeric structure, the overall chimeric structure is less likely to crack when it is pulled by external stress. This can increase the tensile strength of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane, thereby further improving the waterproof performance of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the pre-paved waterproof membrane can satisfy: S 1 /S 2 ⁇ 50%, where S 1 represents the total opening area of multiple holes, and S 2 represents the area of the anti-sticking film.
  • the pre-paved waterproofing membrane can satisfy S 1 /S 2 ⁇ 80%.
  • the area of the anti-adhesive film may represent the area of the figure enclosed by the outer contour of the anti-adhesive film.
  • the outer contour of the anti-adhesive film forms a rectangle, and the area of the anti-adhesive film is the area of the rectangle.
  • the anti-sticking film completely covers the surface of the pre-laid waterproofing membrane, and the area of the anti-sticking film is equal to the area of the pre-laid waterproofing membrane.
  • the total opening area of multiple holes meets the above conditions, which can ensure that the pre-paved waterproofing membrane and concrete form a suitable embedded structure while making the anti-sticking film of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane Has high mechanical strength.
  • the pre-paved waterproofing membrane can not only have high peel strength but also high tensile strength, thereby maintaining good waterproof performance in a variety of environments.
  • the opening shape of the hole may include one or more of a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a polygon or an irregular shape.
  • the opening area of the hole may be smaller than the maximum lateral diameter of the hole in the depth direction. cross-sectional area.
  • the opening area of the hole may be the smallest cross-sectional area in the depth direction of the hole.
  • the opening area of the hole meets the above conditions, when the concrete is embedded in the hole and solidified, the concrete embedded in the hole will be restricted by the hole opening and will be difficult to escape from the hole. As a result, the peel-off resistance of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane can be significantly improved.
  • the through hole can satisfy that: the opening area is the minimum cross-sectional area in the hole depth direction, and the bottom area is the maximum cross-sectional area in the hole depth direction.
  • the opening area of the through-hole is much smaller than the bottom area, which can also reduce the effect of ultraviolet rays on the self-adhesive layer at the bottom of the through-hole, thus improving the anti-UV aging performance of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the number of through holes accounts for greater than 90%.
  • the bonding force of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane is not only provided by the embedded structure of the holes and concrete, but also by the interaction between the self-adhesive layer at the bottom of the holes and the concrete. Therefore, compared with non-through holes, through holes can significantly improve the peeling resistance of pre-paved waterproofing membranes.
  • the larger number of through-holes can further enhance the bonding force between the pre-paved waterproofing holes and the concrete base material, thereby further improving the anti-peeling performance of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the holes may be through holes.
  • the bonding force of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane is not only provided by the embedded structure of the holes and concrete, but also by the interaction between the self-adhesive layer at the bottom of the holes and the concrete. Therefore, compared with non-through holes, through holes can significantly improve the peeling resistance of pre-paved waterproofing membranes.
  • the through-holes can also enable the anti-sticking film to have better deformation ability, thereby improving the tensile strength of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the waterproof performance of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane can be significantly improved.
  • the surface of the anti-stick membrane includes multiple raised structures that can also form an embedded structure with the concrete when the concrete is poured later, thereby further improving the pre-paved waterproofing roll.
  • the anti-peel strength of the material is improved, thereby improving the waterproof performance of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the protruding structures on the surface of the anti-adhesive film can be protruding structures of any shape.
  • the protruding structures can include arc-shaped protruding structures 40 as shown in Figure 2, or can also include circular protruding structures, triangular protruding structures, Polygonal raised structures or raised structures with irregular shapes. These raised structures are connected to each other to form a bridge-like structure, thereby forming a stronger embedded structure with the concrete, thus improving the peel strength of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • each raised structure can have any shape.
  • the protruding structure may include a T-shaped protruding structure, an I-shaped protruding structure, a Y-shaped protruding structure, an S-shaped protruding structure, a C-shaped protruding structure, an A-shaped protruding structure, and an X-shaped protruding structure.
  • the independent raised structures can also form a strong embedded structure with the concrete, thereby improving the peeling strength of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane, thereby improving the waterproof performance of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the protruding structure may include a first part and a second part, the first part is used to connect the base layer of the release film and the second part; the maximum cross-sectional area of the second part is greater than the maximum cross-sectional area of the first part.
  • the anti-adhesive film surface 10 includes a plurality of independent T-shaped protruding structures 50 , and the protruding structures 50 satisfy that the maximum cross-sectional area of the second part is greater than the maximum cross-sectional area of the first part.
  • the raised structure meets the above conditions and can form a strong mortise and tenon structure with the concrete, thereby further improving the peeling strength of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane and significantly improving the waterproof performance of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the self-adhesive layer may include natural rubber. Sensitive adhesive, synthetic rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, recycled rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, styrene-butadiene-styrene system pressure-sensitive adhesive, styrene-isoprene-styrene system pressure-sensitive adhesive, polyacrylate pressure-sensitive adhesive , polyvinyl chloride pressure-sensitive adhesive, silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive, polyvinyl ether pressure-sensitive adhesive, butyl pressure-sensitive adhesive, or a combination of more.
  • the self-adhesive layer may include one or more of styrene-isoprene-styrene pressure-sensitive adhesive, styrene-butadiene-styrene pressure-sensitive adhesive, or polyacrylate pressure-sensitive adhesive. .
  • the self-adhesive layer includes the above-mentioned types of pressure-sensitive adhesive, especially when it includes styrene-isoprene-styrene pressure-sensitive adhesive, which can firmly join the main waterproof material and the anti-adhesive film together.
  • the self-adhesive layer located at the bottom of the through-hole can also firmly bond the concrete base surface penetrated by the hole, thus improving the peeling strength of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the thickness of the self-adhesive layer may be less than or equal to the thickness of the anti-adhesive film.
  • the thickness of the self-adhesive layer may be 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm.
  • the thickness of the release film may be equal to the depth of the through hole.
  • the thickness of the self-adhesive layer is less than the thickness of the anti-adhesive film, even during high-temperature construction, the anti-adhesive film completely sinks into the self-adhesive layer and the phenomenon of sticking to the feet will not occur.
  • the anti-peel strength of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane may be significantly reduced, thereby reducing the waterproof performance of the membrane.
  • the bonding ability of the pre-paved waterproof membrane in this application is provided by the self-adhesive layer and the hole structure. Even if the thickness of the self-adhesive layer is small, the pre-paved waterproof membrane can still have high peeling strength. Therefore, the pre-paved waterproofing membrane of the present application can have high peeling resistance and high construction efficiency.
  • the main waterproof material layer can be a layer composed of any material and has appropriate mechanical properties and good waterproof performance.
  • the main waterproof material layer may include one or more of plastic, rubber, ceramic materials, glass, and metal.
  • the plastic may include polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polymethacrylate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyester (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate, polyparaphenylene).
  • butyl dicarboxylate, etc. polyamide, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene ester, polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, polyurethane (such as polyurethane, etc.), polytetrafluoroethylene, styrenic thermoplastics
  • elastomer such as polystyrene butadiene copolymer, etc.
  • chlorinated polyethylene The rubber may include one or more of chloroprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, and ethylene propylene diene rubber.
  • the main waterproof material layer includes the above types of materials, which can have good toughness, strength and excellent waterproof performance, so that the pre-paved waterproof membrane can have good waterproof performance.
  • the surface of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane away from the main waterproof material layer may also include a paint layer, and the paint layer is formed of organic polymer paint and/or inorganic paint.
  • organic polymer coatings may include acrylic coatings, polyurethane coatings, polyvinyl acetate emulsions, epoxy resin coatings, polyester resin coatings, alkyd resin coatings, perchlorethylene resin coatings, amino resin coatings, and rubber coatings. one or more; the inorganic coating may include silicate sol.
  • the paint layer may be formed from water-based acrylic paint and/or solvent-based acrylic paint. Further optionally, the above paint layer can be formed by spraying the above paint, and the spraying amount can be 1g/m 2 to 1000g/m 2 .
  • the above coating layer can be continuously distributed or discontinuously distributed on the surface of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane away from the main waterproof material layer.
  • the coating layer may be located on the surface of the release film and/or on the surface of the self-adhesive layer.
  • the surface of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane away from the main waterproof material layer includes a coating layer.
  • the coating layer can not only interact with the surface groups of the concrete, thereby improving the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the bonding energy of waterproofing membranes can also reduce the UV aging of pre-paved waterproofing membranes.
  • the coating layer covers the self-adhesive layer, the coating layer can also reduce the risk of sediment contaminating the self-adhesive layer during the pre-laying process, resulting in a decrease in the adhesive strength of the self-adhesive layer. As a result, the peel strength and UV aging resistance of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane can be significantly improved.
  • the anti-adhesive film can be produced separately and then covered with the self-adhesive layer, or can be directly formed on the surface of the self-adhesive layer. As long as it has the structure disclosed in this application, it is not limited here.
  • Self-adhesive adhesive XT-136 hot melt adhesive, purchased from Guangdong Xintao New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Molese purchased from Shandong Shennai New Material Technology Co., Ltd., with specifications ranging from 30 mesh to 60 mesh.
  • Reactive sand Purchased from Jiangsu Owens Colored Sand Technology Co., Ltd., the brand name is CY9380, and the specifications are from 30 mesh to 60 mesh.
  • Coating used to form the coating layer: At normal temperature, combine acrylic elastic emulsion (purchased from Badfu Industrial Co., Ltd., brand 328K), water, Rohm and Haas dispersant, titanium dioxide, nanometer light calcium, pH The regulator and anti-UV aging additive were mixed according to the mass ratio of 30:41.5:2:10:15:0.5:1 and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain the coating used in the following examples.
  • a hot-melt adhesive scraper to scrape-coat a self-adhesive layer on the main waterproof material layer, and then cover the surface of the self-adhesive layer with an anti-adhesive film to obtain a pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the main waterproof material layer is a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sheet
  • the self-adhesive layer is a layer formed by the above-mentioned self-adhesive
  • the paint layer is a layer formed by spraying the above-mentioned paint
  • the anti-sticking film is mesh.
  • the grid-like layer structure has holes evenly distributed on the surface of the anti-adhesive film.
  • the material of the anti-adhesive film is shown in Table 1 respectively.
  • a hot-melt adhesive scraper to scrape-coat the self-adhesive layer on the main waterproof material layer, and then cover the surface of the self-adhesive layer with mullite sand of 30 to 60 mesh to form an anti-adhesive layer, thereby obtaining a pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the types of main waterproof material layer, the type of self-adhesive layer, the thickness d 1 of the anti-adhesive layer, the thickness d 2 of the self-adhesive layer and other parameters are shown in Table 1 respectively.
  • the pre-paved waterproof membrane of Comparative Example 4 was prepared based on the parameters shown in Table 1.
  • the part of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane with through holes should be selected for testing, and the test flat plate should cover the opening of the through hole.
  • the pre-paved waterproof membrane is made into untreated post-poured concrete specimens, including:
  • the size of the bonding surface of the specimen is (70 ⁇ 50) mm. Multiple specimens are prepared at the same time by pouring mortar on a large roll.
  • the convex structure can significantly improve the anti-peeling strength of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the surface of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane also includes a paint layer, after being soaked in water, ultraviolet treatment, and contaminated by sediment, , still able to have high peel resistance.
  • Examples 2, 29 to 31 even if different anti-adhesive film materials are used in the pre-paved waterproofing membrane of the present application, it can have high peel strength, Tensile strength, puncture resistance.
  • Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are traditional sand-covered pre-paved waterproofing membranes, which are still prone to sticking to feet at high temperatures, and their peel strength, tensile strength and puncture resistance are lower than those of Examples 1 to 26. There is no advantage either.
  • the pre-paved waterproofing membrane of Comparative Example 4 the number of through-holes in the anti-adhesive film is too low, and its anti-peel strength cannot meet the needs of use.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种预铺防水卷材，包括依次层叠的防粘膜、自粘胶层和主体防水材料层，其中，防粘膜中设有多个在防粘膜的表面开口的孔洞，其中，至少部分孔洞为贯通防粘膜的厚度的贯通孔，基于孔洞的总数量，贯通孔的数量占比为50％～100％；贯通孔满足第一预设条件，第一预设条件包括：将预铺防水卷材加热至70℃；将25cm*8cm的测试平板放置于预铺防水卷材近防粘膜的表面，以使测试平板覆盖贯通孔的开口；当通过测试平板对预铺防水卷材施加750N的正压力时，自粘胶不会到达测试平板。

Description

预铺防水卷材
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2022年06月09日提交的名称为“预铺防水卷材”的中国专利申请202210645908.2的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请属于防水卷材技术领域，具体涉及一种预铺防水卷材。
背景技术
防水卷材是一种用于防止雨水、地下水渗漏的可卷曲成卷状的柔性建材产品，主要用于建筑墙体、屋面、隧道、公路以及垃圾填埋场等，是整个工程防水的第一道屏障，对整个工程起着至关重要的作用。
相关的防水卷材按照施工工艺不同可分为自粘防水卷材、湿铺防水卷材和预铺防水卷材。传统的预铺防水卷材结构可分为三层：主体材料、自粘胶层和防粘层，其中，防粘层能够隔离自粘胶层，以防止预铺防水卷材在施工过程中出现粘脚现象，从而提高施工效率。目前，预铺防水卷材多为覆砂型预铺防水卷材，覆砂型预铺防水卷材的防粘层通常由莫来砂或反应砂构成。但是，莫来砂防粘层和反应砂防粘层在施工过程中容易出现掉砂现象。这不仅会增大粘脚的风险，而且在长时间铺设过程中，裸露的自粘胶层易在外界紫外光的作用下老化，由此降低了自粘胶层与混凝土的粘接效果。此外，使用莫来砂和反应砂作为防粘层的预铺卷材的抗剥离性能较差，在混凝土出现开裂时，预铺防水卷材容易出现剥离漏水现象。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种预铺防水卷材，包括依次层叠的防粘膜、自 粘胶层和主体防水材料层，其中，防粘膜中设有多个在防粘膜的表面开口的孔洞，其中，至少部分孔洞为贯通防粘膜的厚度的贯通孔，基于孔洞的总数量，贯通孔的数量占比为50％～100％；贯通孔满足第一预设条件，第一预设条件包括：将预铺防水卷材加热至70℃；将25cm*8cm的测试平板放置于预铺防水卷材近防粘膜的表面，以使测试平板覆盖贯通孔的开口；当通过测试平板对预铺防水卷材施加750N的正压力时，自粘胶不会到达试件。
本申请实施例的预铺防水卷材中，防粘膜连续分布、一体成型，由此不仅能够从根本上避免防粘层掉砂的风险，从而能够缓解预铺防水卷材施工时粘脚的问题，还能够提高预铺防水卷材的拉伸性能和抗穿刺强度。此外，防粘膜中设有多个在防粘膜的表面开口的孔洞，且孔洞的开口面积在上述合适的范围内，在后浇混凝土时，混凝土可以渗入孔洞中，固化后与孔洞形成嵌合结构，由此能够提高预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度。本申请的预铺防水卷材不仅在施工时不易产生粘脚现象，从而能够提高施工效率，而且能够具有良好的机械性能和粘接性能，从而在使用后期仍然能够具备优异的防水效果。
在一些实施例中，防粘膜的材料包括塑料、橡胶、陶瓷材料、玻璃、金属中的一种或多种，防粘膜的材料的邵尔A硬度≥3HA。
在一些实施例中，塑料选自聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚合物、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛酯、聚苯醚、聚亚苯基硫醚、聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯、苯乙烯类热塑弹性体、氯化聚乙烯中的一种或多种；橡胶选自氯丁橡胶、丁苯橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，防粘膜的材料包括聚烯烃或者聚烯烃与橡胶、陶瓷材料、玻璃、金属中的至少一者形成的复合材料。
在一些实施例中，每一孔洞的开口面积各自独立地为0.01cm2～25cm2，可选为0.25cm2～10cm2。
在一些实施例中，每一孔洞的深度各自独立地为0.1mm～100mm，可选为10mm～50mm。
在一些实施例中，相邻孔洞的中心距为0.1cm～10cm，可选为0.6cm～3.5cm。
在一些实施例中，S1/S2≥50％，可选地，S1/S2≥80％，其中，S1表示多个孔洞的开口总面积，S2表示防粘膜的面积。
在一些实施例中，孔洞的开口形状包括圆形、椭圆、三角形、多边形或不规则形状中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，基于孔洞的总数量，贯通孔的数量占比为90％～100％。
在一些实施例中，孔洞为贯通孔。
在一些实施例中，预铺防水卷材的表面还包括多个凸起结构，凸起结构位于防粘膜的表面。可选地，凸起结构位于孔洞的周围。
在一些实施例中，多个凸起结构中，至少部分凸起结构之间相互连接。
在一些实施例中，多个凸起结构各自独立。
在一些实施例中，凸起结构包括T形凸起结构、I形凸起结构、Y形凸起结构、S形凸起结构、C形凸起结构、A形凸起结构、X形凸起结构、U形凸起结构、P形凸起结构、O形凸起结构、H形凸起结构、十字形凸起结构或具有不规则形状的凸起结构中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，凸起结构包括第一部分和第二部分，第一部分用于连接防粘膜的基层和第二部分；第二部分的最大横截面积大于第一部分的最大横截面积。
在一些实施例中，自粘胶层包括天然橡胶压敏胶、合成橡胶压敏胶、再生橡胶压敏胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯体系压敏胶、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯体系压敏胶、聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶、聚氯乙烯压敏胶、有机硅压敏胶、聚乙烯基醚压敏胶、丁基压敏胶的一种或多种的组合。
在一些实施例中，自粘胶层包括苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯压敏胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯压敏胶、聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶或丁基压敏胶中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，自粘胶层的厚度小于等于防粘膜的厚度，可选地， 自粘胶层的厚度为0.1mm～0.4mm。
在一些实施例中，主体防水材料层包括塑料、橡胶、陶瓷材料、玻璃、金属中的一种或多种。可选地，塑料包括聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚合物、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛酯、聚苯醚、聚亚苯基硫醚、聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯、苯乙烯类热塑弹性体、氯化聚乙烯中的一种或多种；橡胶选自氯丁橡胶、丁苯橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，预铺防水卷材远离主体防水材料层的表面还包括涂料层，涂料层由有机高分子涂料和/或无机涂料形成。可选地，有机高分子涂料包括丙烯酸涂料、聚氨酯涂料、聚醋酸乙烯类乳液、环氧树脂涂料、醇酸树脂涂料、过氯乙烯树脂涂料、氨基树脂涂料、聚酯树脂涂料、橡胶涂料中的一种或多种；无机涂料包括硅酸盐溶胶。更可选地，涂料层由水性丙烯酸涂料和/或溶剂型丙烯酸涂料形成。
以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性和解释性的，并不能限制本申请。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将简要说明本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图；显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅涉及本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种预铺防水卷材的俯视图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种预铺防水卷材的剖面示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的又一种预铺防水卷材的剖面示意图。
附图标号说明：
10防粘膜；11贯通孔；12非贯通孔；20自粘胶层；30主体防水材料层；40弧形凸起结构；50T形凸起结构。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的申请目的、技术方案和有益技术效果更加清晰，以下结合实施例对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解的是，本说明书中描述的实施例仅仅是为了解释本申请，并非为了限定本申请。
为了简便，本申请仅明确地公开了一些数值范围。然而，任意下限可以与任何上限组合形成未明确记载的范围；以及任意下限可以与其它下限组合形成未明确记载的范围，同样任意上限可以与任意其它上限组合形成未明确记载的范围。此外，尽管未明确记载，但是范围端点间的每个点或单个数值都包含在该范围内。因而，每个点或单个数值可以作为自身的下限或上限与任意其它点或单个数值组合或与其它下限或上限组合形成未明确记载的范围。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“以上”、“以下”为包含本数，“一种或多种”中的“多种”的含义是两种及其两种以上。
本申请的上述申请内容并不意欲描述本申请中的每个公开的实施方式或每种实现方式。如下描述更具体地举例说明示例性实施方式。在整篇申请中的多处，通过一系列实施例提供了指导，这些实施例可以以各种组合形式使用。在各个实例中，列举仅作为代表性组，不应解释为穷举。
如背景技术所述，相关的预铺防水卷材多是覆砂型预铺防水卷材。覆砂型预铺防水卷材在生产的过程中，容易产生粉尘，由此造成环境污染和对生产人员的健康危害。此外，在运输及施工的过程中，覆砂型预铺防水卷材的防粘层极易出现掉砂现象，由此不仅增大了施工时粘脚的风险，还会加剧自粘胶层的紫外老化现象，从而导致预铺防水卷材的抗剥离性能下降，后期出现开胶脱落的现象。在夏季施工的情况下，覆砂型预铺防水卷材的自粘胶层会发生一定程度的软化，覆砂型预铺防水卷材的防粘层中的莫来砂或反应砂极易陷入自粘胶层，从而导致自粘胶层溢出，进而加剧了施工粘脚的风险。
鉴于此，发明人经深入思考与大量实验，提供了一种预铺防水卷材。
本申请的预铺防水卷材，包括依次层叠的防粘膜、自粘胶层和主体防水材料层，其中，防粘膜中设有多个在防粘膜的表面开口的孔洞，其中，至少部分孔洞为贯通防粘膜的厚度的贯通孔。基于孔洞的总数量，贯通孔 的数量占比为50％～100％。贯通孔满足第一预设条件，第一预设条件包括：将预铺防水卷材加热至70℃；将25cm*8cm的测试平板放置于预铺防水卷材近防粘膜的表面，以使测试平板覆盖贯通孔的开口；当通过测试平板对预铺防水卷材施加750N的正压力时，自粘胶不会到达试件。
本申请中的防粘膜为与自粘胶层分立的、可一体成型的连续膜。本申请中的孔洞可以在防粘膜的表面均匀分布或非均匀分布，例如，孔洞可以基本均匀地分布于防粘膜表面，也可以分布于防粘膜表面的部分区域。作为示例，如图1所示，防粘膜10可优选为包括均匀分布的孔洞，这些孔洞可包括贯通孔11和非贯通孔12。
本申请中，各个孔洞的开口面积可以相同也可以不同。对于每一孔洞，其底部面积可以与开口面积相同，也可以与开口面积不同，例如，沿孔洞的深度方向，孔洞可以在任意位置均具有相等的截面积，也可以具有依次递增或递减的面积，也可以具有不规则波动的面积。
上述测试平板可以包括至少具有一个尺寸为25cm*8cm的平面的试件，测定上述贯通孔是否满足第一预设条件时，将尺寸为25cm*8cm的平面覆盖于贯通孔的开口即可。上述测试平板的材质可以为任意材质，只要满足通过测试平板对预铺防水卷材施加750N的正压力时，与预铺防水卷材接触的平面不发生明显形变即可，在此不作限定。作为一个示例，测试平板的材质可以为铝、不锈钢、橡胶、塑料、橡塑合用材料、再生革或弹性硬纸板等。
发明人经深入思考，巧妙地设计了上述预铺防水卷材。预铺防水卷材中，防粘膜为与自粘胶层分立的、可一体成型的连续膜，由此能够从根本上避免防粘层掉砂的风险，从而能够缓解预铺防水卷材施工时粘脚的问题。另外，防粘膜具有一体成型的层状结构，还能够提高预铺防水卷材的拉伸性能和抗穿刺强度。因此，预铺防水卷材在受到混凝土开裂产生的应力拉扯或者受到错位钢筋的穿刺时，也不易产生开裂现象或被刺穿，从而降低了预铺防水卷材窜水的风险。
此外，并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，发明人发现，在防粘膜中设有多个在防粘膜的表面开口的孔洞能够提高预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度、 拉伸性能以及抗穿刺强度。具体地，防粘膜中设有上述孔洞，在后浇混凝土时，混凝土可以渗入孔洞中，固化后与孔洞形成嵌合结构，由此能够提高预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度。
尤其是，当孔洞为贯通孔时，后浇混凝土固化后，不仅能够通过嵌合结构与孔洞结合，还能够与孔洞底部的自粘胶层接触，从而显著提升混凝土与预铺防水卷材的粘接强度，由此进一步提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度。然而，当孔洞为贯通孔时，在高温施工的情况下，自粘胶层可能会从贯通孔的开口溢出，从而出现粘脚现象。发明人进一步对自粘胶层的结构与贯通孔进行研究，发现：通过设计贯通孔的结构，使得贯通孔满足第一预设条件，能够确保在高温施工的情况下，预铺防水卷材也不会出现粘脚现象。由此，在提高预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度的同时，提高预铺防水卷材的施工效率。
上述设计贯通孔的结构，可以包括但不限于设计贯通孔的深度、体积、相邻贯通孔的中心距、贯通孔的形状或贯通孔的上述结构与自粘胶层厚度的之间的关系。
在一些实施例中，贯通孔的深度可以为0.1mm～100mm。例如，贯通孔的深度可以为0.1mm、0.5mm、1mm、2mm、5mm、10mm、20mm、30mm、40mm、50mm、60mm、70mm、80mm、90mm、100mm或处于上述任意数值所组成的范围内。可选地，每一孔洞的深度可以各自独立地为10mm～50mm。具体地，贯通孔的深度可优选为大于自粘胶层的厚度。
并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，贯通孔具有合适的深度，在受到上述测试平板施加的压力时，从贯通孔底部溢出的自粘胶不易到达孔洞开口，从而有利于贯通孔满足上述第一预设条件。当贯通孔的深度大于自粘胶层的厚度时，能够进一步降低自粘胶层溢出而接触测试平板的风险。
在一些实施例中，每一贯通孔的体积可以为2.5mm3～10000mm3。可选地，每一贯通孔的体积可以为200mm3～2500mm3。
并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，贯通孔具有合适大小的体积，有利于容纳溢出的自粘胶，从而避免自粘胶到达测试平板，进而有利于贯通孔满足第一预设条件。
在一些实施例中，相邻贯通孔的中心距可以为0.1cm～10cm。例如，相邻贯通孔的中心距可以为0.1cm、0.5cm、1cm、2cm、3cm、4cm、5cm、6cm、7cm、8cm、9cm、10cm或处于上述任意数值所组成的范围内。可选地，相邻贯通孔的中心距可以为0.6cm～3.5cm。
相邻孔洞的中心距可以表示相邻孔洞的几何中心之间的距离。并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，相邻贯通孔的中心距在合适的范围内，当受到测试平板施加的压力时，相邻贯通孔之间能够相互分摊溢出的自粘胶，从而降低单个贯通孔中自粘胶从开口溢出的风险。本申请的预铺防水卷材，其表面具有上述防粘膜，不仅在施工时不易产生粘脚现象，从而能够提高施工效率，而且能够具有良好的抗紫外老化性能、机械性能和粘接性能，从而在使用后期仍然能够具备优异的防水效果。
本申请对防粘膜的材料不作限定。在一些实施例中，防粘膜的材料可以包括塑料、橡胶、玻璃、陶瓷材料、金属中的一种或多种。防粘膜的材料的邵尔A硬度可以≥3HA。
邵尔硬度(shore hardness)又称邵氏硬度，可用于表示金属、塑料、橡胶等材料的硬度等级。邵尔A硬度可表示用邵尔A型硬度计测试得到的硬度值，具体的测试方法可参照测试标准GB/T 2411-1980。
防粘膜的材料满足上述条件，能够兼具良好的拉伸性能和机械强度。由此，预铺防水卷材能够具备高抗拉强度和良好的抗穿刺强度，从而能够在使用后期保持优异的防水性能。
在一些实施例中，塑料可选自聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚合物、聚酯(例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁酯等)、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛酯、聚苯醚、聚亚苯基硫醚、聚氨酯(例如聚氨基甲酸乙酯等)、聚四氟乙烯、苯乙烯类热塑弹性体(例如聚苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物等)、氯化聚乙烯中的一种或多种。橡胶可选自氯丁橡胶、丁苯橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶中的一种或多种。
可选地，防粘膜的材料可包括聚烯烃或者聚烯烃与橡胶、陶瓷材料、玻璃、金属中的至少一者形成的复合材料。
上述聚烯烃可以是由乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、 4-甲基-1-戊烯等α-烯烃以及某些环烯烃单独聚合或共聚合而得到的热塑性树脂。作为示例，聚烯烃可以是聚乙烯和/或聚丙烯。
并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，发明人发现，防粘膜的材料包括上述物质，尤其是包括聚烯烃时，预铺防水卷材能够具备更高的抗剥离强度。具体地，聚烯烃类塑料的可塑性高，容易被加工而形成所需要的具有孔洞的防粘膜。此外，聚烯烃类塑料的强度高、柔韧性好，与混凝土具有更高的结合力，由此，能够进一步提升预铺防水卷材与混凝土基材的粘接性能，从而进一步提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度。
在一些实施例中，每一孔洞的开口面积各可自独立地为0.01cm2～25cm2，优选为0.25cm2～10cm2。例如，每一孔洞的开口面积可以各自独立地为0.01cm2、0.25cm2、1cm2、2cm2、3cm2、5cm2、8cm2、10cm2、15cm2、20cm2、25cm2或处于上述任意数值所组成的范围内。
并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，孔洞的开口面积控制在上述合适的范围内，能够使得固化的混凝土与孔洞形成的嵌合结构具有高结合力，从而能够使得预铺防水卷材具备更高的抗剥离强度。由此，能够降低预铺防水卷材开胶脱落而导致的窜水、漏水的风险。
在一些实施例中，每一孔洞的深度可以相同，也可以不同。每一孔洞的深度可以各自独立地为0.1mm～100mm。例如，每一孔洞的深度可以各自独立地为0.1mm、0.5mm、1mm、2mm、5mm、10mm、20mm、30mm、40mm、50mm、60mm、70mm、80mm、90mm、100mm或处于上述任意数值所组成的范围内。具体地，贯通孔的深度可优选为大于自粘胶层的厚度。可选地，每一孔洞的深度可以各自独立地为10mm～50mm。
并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，孔洞的深度在上述范围内，一方面能够与混凝土形成更牢固的嵌合结构，另一方面能够防止高温施工时，自粘胶层在施工人员的压力作用下溢出，从而能够缓解预铺防水卷材施工时粘脚的现象。由此，能够提高预铺防水卷材的抗剥强度和施工效率。
在一些实施例中，相邻孔洞的中心距可以为0.1cm～10cm。例如，相邻孔洞的中心距可以为0.1cm、0.5cm、1cm、2cm、3cm、4cm、5cm、6cm、7cm、8cm、9cm、10cm或处于上述任意数值所组成的范围内。可选 地，相邻孔洞的中心距可以为0.6cm～3.5cm。
上述相邻孔洞的中心距可以表示相邻孔洞的几何中心之间的距离。各组相邻孔洞的中心距可以相同，也可以不同。当孔洞分布在防粘膜表面的非连续的多个区域时，上述相邻孔洞的中心距可以表示每一区域中相邻孔洞的中心距。
相邻孔洞的中心距在上述范围内，能够保证预铺防水卷材具备高抗拉强度和高抗剥离强度，从进一步提升预铺防水卷材的防水性能。具体地，并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，发明人发现，相邻孔洞的中心距在上述合适的范围内时，各个孔洞与混凝土形成的多个嵌合结构之间能够相互支撑、协同作用，从而形成整体的嵌合结构，以进一步提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度。此外，整体的嵌合结构还能够具备一定的拉伸强度，相较于单独的嵌合结构，在受到外界的应力拉扯时，整体的嵌合结构更不易产生开裂。由此能够提升预铺防水卷材的抗拉强度，从而进一步提升预铺防水卷材的防水性能。
在一些实施例中，预铺防水卷材可满足：S1/S2≥50％，其中，S1表示多个孔洞的开口总面积，S2表示防粘膜的面积。可选地，预铺防水卷材可满足S1/S2≥80％。
本申请中，防粘膜的面积可表示防粘膜的外轮廓线围合而成的图形的面积。作为一个示例，防粘膜的外轮廓线围合成矩形，防粘膜的面积为该矩形的面积。作为一个示例，防粘膜完全覆盖预铺防水卷材的表面，防粘膜的面积等于预铺防水卷材的面积。
并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，多个孔洞的开口总面积满足上述条件，可以在保证预铺防水卷材与混凝土形成合适的嵌合结构的同时，使得预铺防水卷材的防粘膜具备较高的机械强度。由此，预铺防水卷材不仅能够具有高抗剥离强度，还能够具有高抗拉强度，从而能够在多种环境下保持良好的防水性能。
本申请对孔洞的开口形状不作限定，在一些实施例中，孔洞的开口形状可以包括圆形、椭圆、三角形、多边形或不规则形状中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，孔洞的开口面积可小于孔洞深度方向上的最大横 截面积。
在一些实施例中，孔洞的开口面积可以为孔洞深度方向上的最小横截面积。
并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，孔洞的开口面积满足上述条件时，当混凝土嵌入孔洞中并固化后，嵌入孔洞中的混凝土受到孔洞开口的限制，难以从孔洞脱出。由此，能够显著提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离性能。
在一些实施例中，贯通孔可满足：开口面积为孔洞深度方向上的最小横截面积，且底部面积为孔洞深度方向上的最大横截面积。由此，不仅能够使得混凝土难以从嵌合结构中脱出，还能够使得混凝土与自粘胶层具有更大的接触面积，从而进一步提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离性能。此外，贯通孔的开口面积远小于底部面积，还能够减少紫外线对贯通孔底部的自粘胶层的作用，从而提升预铺防水卷材的抗紫外老化性能。
在一些实施例中，基于孔洞的总数量，贯通孔的数量占比大于90％。
当孔洞为贯通孔时，预铺防水卷材的粘接力不仅由孔洞与混凝土的嵌合结构提供，还可以由孔洞底部的自粘胶层与混凝土的相互作用提供。由此，相较于非贯通孔，贯通孔能够显著提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离性能。贯通孔的数量占比较大，能够进一步提升预铺防水的孔洞与混凝土基材之间的结合力，从而能够进一步提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离性能。
在一些实施例中，孔洞可以为贯通孔。
当孔洞为贯通孔时，预铺防水卷材的粘接力不仅由孔洞与混凝土的嵌合结构提供，还可以由孔洞底部的自粘胶层与混凝土的相互作用提供。由此，相较于非贯通孔，贯通孔能够显著提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离性能。除此之外，贯通孔还能够使得防粘膜具备更佳的形变能力，从而能够提升预铺防水卷材的抗拉强度。当孔洞均为贯通孔时，预铺防水卷材的防水性能能够得到显著的提升。
在一些实施例中，预铺防水卷材的表面还可以包括多个凸起结构，凸起结构可位于防粘膜的表面。凸起结构可以设置于防粘膜未设置孔洞的表面，也可以位于孔洞的周围，优选为位于孔洞的周围。本申请对凸起结构的材料不作限定。在一些实施例中，凸起结构的材料可以包括塑料、橡 胶、陶瓷材料、玻璃、金属中的一种或多种，凸起结构的材料的邵尔A硬度可≥3HA。可选地，凸起结构的材料可以与防粘膜基底的材料相同。
并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，防粘膜的表面包括多个凸起结构，在后浇混凝土时，这些凸起结构也能够与混凝土形成嵌合结构，由此能够进一步提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度，从而提升预铺防水卷材的防水性能。
在一些实施例中，多个凸起结构中，至少部分凸起结构之间可以相互连接。防粘膜表面的凸起结构可以为任意形状的凸起结构，例如，凸起结构可包括如图2所示的弧形凸起结构40，也可以包括圆形凸起结构、三角形凸起结构、多边形凸起结构或具有不规则形状的凸起结构。这些凸起结构相互连接，可形成类似桥状的结构，从而与混凝土形成更牢固的嵌合结构，进而提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度。
在一些实施例中，多个凸起结构可以各自独立。各个凸起结构可以具有任意形状。可选地，凸起结构可包括T形凸起结构、I形凸起结构、Y形凸起结构、S形凸起结构、C形凸起结构、A形凸起结构、X形凸起结构、U形凸起结构、P形凸起结构、O形凸起结构、H形凸起结构、十字形凸起结构或具有不规则形状的凸起结构中的一种或多种。各自独立的凸起结构也能够与混凝土形成牢固的嵌合结构，从而提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度，进而提升预铺防水卷材的防水性能。
在一些实施例中，凸起结构可包括第一部分和第二部分，第一部分用于连接防粘膜的基层和第二部分；第二部分的最大横截面积大于第一部分的最大横截面积。
作为一个示例，如图3所示，防粘膜表面10包括多个各自独立的T形凸起结构50，凸起结构50满足第二部分的最大横截面积大于第一部分的最大横截面积。
凸起结构满足上述条件，可以与混凝土形成牢固的榫卯结构，从而进一步提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度，进而显著提升预铺防水卷材的防水性能。
本申请对自粘胶层的种类不作限定，自粘胶层可以包括天然橡胶压 敏胶、合成橡胶压敏胶、再生橡胶压敏胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯体系压敏胶、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯体系压敏胶、聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶、聚氯乙烯压敏胶、有机硅压敏胶、聚乙烯基醚压敏胶、丁基压敏胶中的一种或多种的组合。
可选地，自粘胶层可以包括苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯压敏胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯压敏胶或聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶中的一种或多种。
自粘胶层包括上述种类的压敏胶，尤其是包括苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯压敏胶时，可以使主体防水材料和防粘膜牢固地接合在一起。后期混凝土浇筑时，位于贯通孔底部的自粘胶层也能够牢固地粘接由孔洞渗入的混凝土基面，从而提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度。在一些实施例中，自粘胶层的厚度可以小于等于防粘膜的厚度，可选地，自粘胶层的厚度可以为0.1mm～0.4mm。
上述防粘膜的厚度值可以等于贯通孔的深度值。自粘胶层的厚度小于防粘膜的厚度时，即使在高温施工时，防粘膜完全陷入自粘胶层，也不会发生粘脚现象。但是，对于覆砂型预铺防水卷材，如果减小自粘胶层的厚度，可能会显著降低预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度，由此降低卷材的防水性能。而本申请的预铺防水卷材的粘接能力由自粘胶层和孔洞结构共同提供，即使自粘胶层的厚度较小，预铺防水卷材也能够具备高抗剥离强度。因此，本申请的预铺防水卷材能够具备高抗剥离性能和高施工效率。
本申请对主体防水材料层的材料不作限定，主体防水材料层可以为由任意材料组成的、具备合适的机械性能和良好的防水性能的层。
在一些实施例中，主体防水材料层可以包括塑料、橡胶、陶瓷材料、玻璃、金属中的一种或多种。可选地，塑料可包括聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚合物、聚酯(例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁酯等)、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛酯、聚苯醚、聚亚苯基硫醚、聚氨酯(例如聚氨基甲酸乙酯等)、聚四氟乙烯、苯乙烯类热塑弹性体(例如聚苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物等)、氯化聚乙烯中的一种或多种。橡胶可包括氯丁橡胶、丁苯橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶中的一种或多种。
主体防水材料层中包括上述种类的材料，能够具备良好的韧性、强度和优异的防水性能，由此能够使得预铺防水卷材具备良好的防水性能。
在一些实施例中，预铺防水卷材远离主体防水材料层的表面还可以包括涂料层，涂料层由有机高分子涂料和/或无机涂料形成。可选地，有机高分子涂料可包括丙烯酸涂料、聚氨酯涂料、聚醋酸乙烯类乳液、环氧树脂涂料、聚醋树脂涂料、醇酸树脂涂料、过氯乙烯树脂涂料、氨基树脂涂料、橡胶涂料中的一种或多种；无机涂料可以包括硅酸盐溶胶。更可选地，涂料层可以由水性丙烯酸涂料和/或溶剂型丙烯酸涂料形成。进一步可选地，上述涂料层可以由上述涂料喷涂形成，喷涂量可以为1g/m2～1000g/m2。
上述涂料层可以在预铺防水卷材远离主体防水材料层的表面的连续分布或非连续分布。涂料层可以位于防粘膜的表面和/或自粘胶层的表面。
并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，发明人发现，在预铺防水卷材远离主体防水材料层的表面包括涂料层，涂料层不仅可以与混凝土的表面基团发生相互作用，从而提升预铺防水卷材的粘接能量，还能够降低预铺防水卷材的紫外老化程度。此外，在涂料层覆盖自粘胶层的情况下，涂料层还能够降低预铺过程中泥沙污染自粘胶层而导致自粘胶层粘接力下降的风险。由此，预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度和抗紫外老化程度能够得到显著提升。
需要说明的是，本申请的预铺防水卷材中，防粘膜可以单独生产后覆盖于自粘胶层，也可以直接形成于自粘胶层表面。只要具有本申请所公开的结构即可，在此不作限定。
实施例
下述实施例更具体地描述了本发明公开的内容，这些实施例仅仅用于阐述性说明，因为在本发明公开内容的范围内进行各种修改和变化对本领域技术人员来说是明显的。除非另有声明，以下实施例中所报道的所有份、百分比、和比值都是基于重量计，而且实施例中使用的所有试剂都可商购获得或是按照常规方法进行合成获得，并且可直接使用而无需进一步处理，以及实施例中使用的仪器均可商购获得。
以下实施例所用的原料来源如下：
自粘胶：XT-136热熔胶，购自广东欣涛新材料科技股份有限公司。
莫来砂：购自山东沈耐新材料科技有限公司，规格为30目到60目。
反应砂：购自江苏欧文斯彩砂科技有限公司，牌号为CY9380，规格为30目到60目。
涂料(用于形成涂料层)：在常温下，将丙烯酸酯弹性乳液(购自巴德富实业有限公司，牌号为328K)、水、罗门哈斯分散剂、钛白粉、纳米轻钙、pH调节剂、抗紫外老化助剂按照30:41.5:2:10:15:0.5:1的质量比混合并搅拌30min，以得到以下实施例所用的涂料。
实施例1～31
使用热熔胶刮涂机在主体防水材料层上刮涂自粘胶层，然后在自粘胶层表面覆盖防粘膜，从而得到预铺防水卷材。
各实施例中，主体防水材料层均为高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)片材，自粘胶层均为上述自粘胶形成的层，涂料层均为上述涂料喷涂形成的层，防粘膜为网格状的层结构，孔洞地均匀分布于防粘膜的表面。防粘膜的材料、贯通孔的数量占比w、孔洞的开口面积S0、防粘膜的厚度(等于贯通孔的深度)d1、多个孔洞的开口总面积与防粘膜的面积之比S1/S2、自粘胶层的厚度d2、凸起结构的形状、凸起结构是否连接、涂料层材料等参数分别如表1所示。
对比例1
使用热熔胶刮涂机在主体防水材料层上刮涂自粘胶层，然后在自粘胶层表面覆盖30目～60目的莫来砂，以形成防粘层，从而得到预铺防水卷材。
主体防水材料层的种类、自粘胶层的种类、防粘层的厚度d1、自粘胶层的厚度d2等参数分别如表1所示。
对比例2～3
根据对比例1中预铺防水卷材的制备过程，基于表1所示的参数制备对比例2～3的预铺防水卷材。
对比例4
根据实施例1～31中预铺防水卷材的制备过程，基于表1所示的参数制备对比例4的预铺防水卷材。
测试部分
第一预设条件测试
将预铺防水卷材裁剪为50cm*50cm大小，加热至70℃；将25cm*8cm的测试平板放置于预铺防水卷材的防粘膜或防粘层表面；通过测试平板对预铺防水卷材施加750N的正压力，观察自粘胶是否到达测试平板，其中，自粘胶未到达测试平板视为通过，否则视为不通过。
其中，对于各实施例，应选取预铺防水卷材具有贯通孔的部分用于测试，并使测试平板覆盖贯通孔的开口。
剥离强度测试
按照GB/T 23457-2017中的方法将预铺防水卷材制成无处理的后浇混凝土试件，具体包括：
试件粘结面尺寸为(70×50)mm，采用大块的卷材上浇砂浆同时制备多个试件，砂浆配合比为：强度等级42.5普通硅酸盐水泥：ISO标准砂：水＝1:2:0.4，剥离试验前裁切到规定尺寸。
1)无处理剥离强度P1的测试
按照GB/T 23457-2017中的6.20.1中的测试标准进行测试。
2)与后浇混凝土浸水28天后剥离强度P2的测试
采用大块的卷材上浇砂浆同时制备多个试件，砂浆配合比为：强度等级42.5普通硅酸盐水泥：ISO标准砂：水＝1:2:0.4，在20℃±2℃放置24h后脱模，在标准环境(温度20±2℃，湿度≥95％)下养护至7天，浸入(23±2)℃的水中，28天后取出，吸干明水，再按照与无处理剥离强度测试相同的步骤测试试件的剥离强度。
3)紫外线处理后浇混凝土剥离强度P3的测试
按照GB/T 23457-2017中的6.20.4中的测试标准进行测试。
4)泥沙污染表面后浇混凝土剥离强度P4的测试
按照GB/T 23457-2017中的6.20.3中的测试标准进行测试。
拉伸强度测试
按照GB/T 23457-2017中的6.8中的测试标准进行测试。
抗穿刺强度测试
按照CJ/T234-2006中附录B的测试标准进行测试。
粘脚测试
将预铺防水卷材裁剪得到尺寸为50cm*50cm的试件，放入70℃烘箱中，放置2小时后，取出试件，进行踩踏实验，观察是否有粘脚现象。
各实施例与对比例的测试结果分别如表2所示。
表1

表2


由上述表1及表2可知，在预铺防水卷材的表面包括本申请的防粘膜，能够在防止预铺防水卷材施工粘脚的同时，显著提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离性能、拉升强度和抗穿刺强度。其中，由实施例1～8可以看出，孔洞的总面积及其他参数相同时，随着防水卷材的孔洞开口面积的增大，预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度呈先上升后下降的趋势，这可能是因为：随着孔洞面积的增大，相同面积的防粘膜与混凝土形成的嵌合结构的牢固性降低，但是相应地，贯通孔底部的自粘胶层所提供的粘接力越高。由实施例2、9、10可以看出，S1/S2越小，预铺防水卷材的本体抗拉伸强度和抗穿刺强度提高越明显，但由于混凝土与自粘胶层接触粘接面积的下降，导致剥离强度会有所下降。由实施例2、11～15可以看出，随着防粘膜厚度的增加，即贯通孔深度的增加，预铺防水卷材的拉伸强度和抗穿刺强度均有所提升。但由于厚度过厚会导致后期浇筑混凝土时，混凝土难以渗入孔洞中，降低混凝土与自粘胶层接触面积，导致剥离强度整体下降。由实施例2、16、17可以看出，自粘胶层越厚，与混凝土粘接效果越佳，抗剥离强度整体提升。由实施例2、18～20可以看出，随着防粘膜中贯通孔数量占比的增加，后浇混凝土与自粘胶层接触面积增大，预铺防水卷材抗剥离强度也相应地增大。而随着贯通孔数量占比的减小，防粘膜的机械强度有所上升，预铺防水卷材抗穿刺强度及拉伸强度也相应上升。由实施例2、21可以看出，涂料层对预铺防水卷材的抗紫外老化性能和抗泥沙污染性能有明显提升。由实施例22～28可知，凸起结构能够显著提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度，尤其是，预铺防水卷材的表面还包括涂料层时，经浸水、紫外线处理、泥沙污染后，仍然能够具备高抗剥离性能。由实施例2、29～31可知，本申请的预铺防水卷材即使采用不同的防粘膜材料，也能够具备高抗剥离强度、 拉伸强度、抗穿刺强度。
而相对于此，对比例1～3为传统的覆砂型预铺防水卷材，在高温下仍然容易出现粘脚现象，且抗剥离强度、拉伸强度和抗穿刺强度相对于实施例1～26也不具有优势。对比例4的预铺防水卷材中，防粘膜中的贯通孔数量占比过低，其抗剥离强度不能满足使用需要。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可容易想到各种等效的修改或替换，这些修改或替换都被应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种预铺防水卷材，包括依次层叠的防粘膜、自粘胶层和主体防水材料层，其中，
    所述防粘膜中设有多个在所述防粘膜的表面开口的孔洞，其中，至少部分所述孔洞为贯通所述防粘膜的厚度的贯通孔，
    基于所述孔洞的总数量，所述贯通孔的数量占比为50％～100％；
    所述贯通孔满足第一预设条件，所述第一预设条件包括：将所述预铺防水卷材加热至70℃；将25cm*8cm的测试平板放置于所述预铺防水卷材近防粘膜的表面，以使所述测试平板覆盖所述贯通孔的开口；当通过所述测试平板对所述预铺防水卷材施加750N的正压力时，自粘胶不会到达所述测试平板。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述防粘膜的材料包括塑料、橡胶、陶瓷材料、玻璃、金属中的一种或多种，所述防粘膜的材料的邵尔A硬度≥3HA。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述塑料选自聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚合物、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛酯、聚苯醚、聚亚苯基硫醚、聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯、苯乙烯类热塑弹性体、氯化聚乙烯中的一种或多种；所述橡胶选自氯丁橡胶、丁苯橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶中的一种或多种，
    可选地，所述防粘膜的材料包括聚烯烃或者聚烯烃与橡胶、陶瓷材料、玻璃、金属中的至少一者形成的复合材料。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述防粘膜满足如下至少一者：
    (1)每一所述孔洞的开口面积各自独立地为0.01cm2～25cm2，可选为0.25cm2～10cm2；
    (2)每一所述孔洞的深度各自独立地为0.1mm～100mm，可选为10mm～50mm；
    (3)相邻所述孔洞的中心距为0.1cm～10cm，可选为0.6cm～3.5cm；
    (4)S1/S2≥50％，可选地，S1/S2≥80％，其中，S1表示所述多个孔洞的开口总面积，S2表示所述防粘膜的面积；
    (5)所述孔洞的开口形状包括圆形、椭圆、三角形、多边形或不规则形状中的一种或多种；
    (6)基于所述孔洞的总数量，所述贯通孔的数量占比为90％～100％；
    (7)所述孔洞为贯通孔。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述预铺防水卷材的表面还包括多个凸起结构，所述凸起结构位于所述防粘膜的表面，可选地，所述凸起结构位于所述孔洞的周围。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述多个凸起结构中，至少部分凸起结构之间相互连接。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述多个凸起结构各自独立，
    可选地，所述凸起结构包括T形凸起结构、I形凸起结构、Y形凸起结构、S形凸起结构、C形凸起结构、A形凸起结构、X形凸起结构、U形凸起结构、P形凸起结构、O形凸起结构、H形凸起结构、十字形凸起结构或具有不规则形状的凸起结构中的一种或多种。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述凸起结构包括第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分用于连接所述防粘膜的基层和所述第二部分；所述第二部分的最大横截面积大于所述第一部分的最大横截面积。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述自粘胶层包括天然橡胶压敏胶、合成橡胶压敏胶、再生橡胶压敏胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯体系压敏胶、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯体系压敏胶、聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶、聚氯乙烯压敏胶、有机硅压敏胶、聚乙烯基醚压敏胶、丁基压敏胶的一种或多种的组合，
    可选地，所述自粘胶层包括苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯压敏胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯压敏胶、聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶或丁基压敏胶中的一种或多种。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述自粘胶层的厚度小于等于所述防粘膜的厚度，可选地，所述自粘胶层的厚度为0.1mm～0.4mm。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述主体防水材料层包括塑料、橡胶、陶瓷材料、玻璃、金属中的一种或多种，
    可选地，所述塑料包括聚氯乙烯、聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚合物、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛酯、聚苯醚、聚亚苯基硫醚、聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯、苯乙烯类热塑弹性体、氯化聚乙烯中的一种或多种；所述橡胶包括氯丁橡胶、丁苯橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶中的一种或多种。
  12. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述预铺防水卷材远离所述主体防水材料层的表面还包括涂料层，所述涂料层由有机高分子涂料和/或无机涂料形成，
    可选地，所述有机高分子涂料包括丙烯酸涂料、聚氨酯涂料、聚醋酸乙烯类乳液、环氧树脂涂料、醇酸树脂涂料、过氯乙烯树脂涂料、氨基树脂涂料、聚酯树脂涂料、橡胶涂料中的一种或多种；所述无机涂料包括硅酸盐溶胶；
    更可选地，所述涂料层由水性丙烯酸涂料和/或溶剂型丙烯酸涂料形成。
PCT/CN2023/099555 2022-06-09 2023-06-09 预铺防水卷材 WO2023237118A1 (zh)

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