WO2023237117A1 - 预铺防水卷材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

预铺防水卷材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023237117A1
WO2023237117A1 PCT/CN2023/099548 CN2023099548W WO2023237117A1 WO 2023237117 A1 WO2023237117 A1 WO 2023237117A1 CN 2023099548 W CN2023099548 W CN 2023099548W WO 2023237117 A1 WO2023237117 A1 WO 2023237117A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
structural layer
paved
waterproof material
shaped
waterproofing membrane
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/099548
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈志伟
杨小育
龚兴宇
Original Assignee
科顺防水科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023237117A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023237117A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/06—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of natural rubber or synthetic rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/063—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B25/08—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/043—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of natural rubber or synthetic rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/045—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/006—Sealing of existing landfills, e.g. using mining techniques
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66—Sealings
    • E04B1/665—Sheets or foils impervious to water and water vapor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D5/00—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
    • E04D5/10—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form by making use of compounded or laminated materials, e.g. metal foils or plastic films coated with bitumen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable

Definitions

  • the anti-adhesive layer of the sand-covered pre-paved waterproofing membranes is usually composed of mullite sand or reactive sand.
  • the mullite sand anti-adhesion layer and the reactive sand anti-adhesion layer are prone to sand falling off during the construction process. This will not only increase the risk of sticking feet, but also during the long-term laying process, the exposed self-adhesive layer is prone to aging under the action of external ultraviolet light, thereby reducing the bonding effect between the self-adhesive layer and concrete.
  • pre-paved membranes that use mullite sand and reactive sand as anti-adhesion layers have poor peeling resistance. When concrete cracks, pre-paved waterproof membranes are prone to peeling and leaking.
  • the first aspect of this application provides a pre-paved waterproofing membrane, which includes a main waterproof material layer and a structural layer, wherein the main waterproof material layer and the structural layer are joined to each other in a stacked manner through a joint device; or the main waterproof material layer and the structure The layers are formed in one piece,
  • the main waterproof material layer includes one or more of plastic, rubber, ceramic materials, glass, and metal.
  • plastics include polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polymethacrylate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyester, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene ester, polyphenylene ether, One or more of polyphenylene sulfide, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, styrenic thermoplastic elastomer, and chlorinated polyethylene; rubber includes chloroprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, and ethylene propylene diene rubber. of one or more.
  • S 1 /S 2 ⁇ 80%.
  • the contact area between each first protruding structure and the main waterproof material layer is independently 0.5mm 2 to 1.5mm 2 , preferably 1mm 2 to 1.2mm 2 .
  • At least some of the second protruding structures are connected to each other.
  • the pre-paved waterproofing membrane meets the first preset condition.
  • the first preset condition includes: subjecting the pre-paved waterproofing membrane to ultraviolet treatment and then pouring concrete peeling strength test according to the test standard GB/T23457-2017.
  • the peel strength of waterproof membrane is ⁇ 2.5N/mm.
  • the second aspect of this application provides a method for preparing the pre-paved waterproofing membrane of the first aspect of this application, including: providing a main waterproof material layer and a structural layer; and stacking the main waterproof material layer and the structural layer with each other through a joining device way to obtain pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the third aspect of this application provides a method for preparing the pre-paved waterproofing membrane of the first aspect of this application, including: providing a main waterproof material and a material for forming a structural layer; extruding the main waterproof material to obtain The main waterproof material layer sheet; extruding the material used to form the structural layer onto the surface of the main waterproof material layer sheet to form the structural layer; laminating the main waterproof material layer sheet and the structural layer to obtain a pre-paved waterproof membrane .
  • Figure 1 is a top view of a pre-paved waterproofing membrane provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pre-paved waterproofing membrane provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pre-paved waterproofing membrane provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of yet another pre-paved waterproofing membrane provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the self-adhesive layer of the sand-covered pre-paved waterproofing membrane will soften to a certain extent.
  • the mullite sand or reactive sand in the anti-adhesive layer of the sand-covered pre-paved waterproofing membrane can easily fall into the self-adhesive layer.
  • the adhesive layer will cause the self-adhesive layer to overflow, thereby exacerbating the risk of sticky feet during construction.
  • the inventor provided a pre-paved waterproofing membrane after in-depth thinking and extensive experiments.
  • the pre-paved waterproofing membrane of the present application includes a main waterproof material layer and a structural layer, wherein the main waterproof material layer and the structural layer are joined to each other in a stacked manner through a joining device; or the main waterproof material layer and the structural layer are integrally formed.
  • the structural layer includes a first part and/or a second part, wherein the first part is provided with a plurality of holes opening on the surface of the structural layer, and the total opening area of the plurality of holes is S 1
  • the area S 2 of the first part satisfies: S 1 /S 2 ⁇ 10%
  • the second part includes a plurality of independent first protruding structures, and the distribution density P of the first protruding structures satisfies: 30 pieces/cm 2 ⁇ P ⁇ 80 pieces/cm 2 .
  • the area of the first part may represent the area of the figure enclosed by the outer contour of the first part.
  • the outer contour of the first part encloses a rectangle, and the area of the first part is the area of the rectangle.
  • the structural layer only includes a first part, the first part completely covers the surface of the pre-paved waterproof membrane, and the area of the structural layer is equal to the area of the main waterproof material layer.
  • the structural layer may be a layer structure separate from the main waterproof material layer, and the structural layer and the main waterproof material layer may be joined to each other in a stacked manner through a joining device.
  • the first part and/or the second part may be continuously distributed along the surface of the main waterproof material layer.
  • the joining device may be any device capable of firmly joining the structural layer and the main waterproof material layer in a stacked manner.
  • the joining device may include a first joining structure and a second joining structure that can be physically fitted to each other.
  • the first joining structure and the second joining structure may be respectively disposed on one side of the main waterproof material layer and one side of the structural layer.
  • the first joint structure and the second joint structure may be structures formed by thermal welding of the main waterproof material layer and the structural layer respectively.
  • the first joint structure may be a concave structure or a convex structure provided on the surface side of the main waterproof material layer opposite to the structural layer
  • the second joint structure may be a recessed structure or a convex structure provided on the structural layer opposite to the main waterproof material layer. convex structure or concave structure on the surface side.
  • the pre-paved waterproofing membrane By laminating the structural layer provided with the first joint structure and the main waterproof material layer with the first joint structure and the second joint structure facing and fitting each other, the pre-paved waterproofing membrane according to the embodiment of the present application can be obtained .
  • the second joint structure can be integrally formed with the structural layer
  • the first joint structure can be integrally formed with the main waterproof material layer.
  • the first joint structure can optionally melt at least part of the main waterproof material layer, and then through the second joint The structure is formed by embedding the main waterproof material layer.
  • the joining device may include the above-mentioned adhesive and a first joining structure and a second joining structure that may be physically fitted to each other.
  • the first joining structure and the second joining structure may be opposed to each other and fitted together, and then the adhesive may be applied around the fitting portions of the first joining structure and the second joining structure.
  • the structural layer can also be a layer structure integrally formed with the main waterproof material layer.
  • the material used to form the structural layer may be the same as the main waterproofing material or may be different from the main waterproofing material.
  • the pre-paved waterproofing membranes of this application do not include self-adhesive layers, which can fundamentally solve the problem of sticking feet during construction of pre-paved waterproofing membranes, thereby improving the performance of pre-paved waterproofing membranes. material construction efficiency.
  • the pre-paved waterproofing membrane of this application the first part is provided with a plurality of holes opening on the surface of the structural layer, and the total opening area of the holes is within a suitable range, and can fit with the post-poured concrete, thereby making the pre-paved waterproofing membrane
  • the roll material has high peel strength.
  • the main waterproof material layer may include one or more of plastic, rubber, ceramic materials, glass, and metal.
  • the above-mentioned plastics may include polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polymethacrylate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyester (such as polyethylene terephthalate, poly(p-) butyl phthalate, etc.), polyamide, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene ester, polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, polyurethane (such as polyurethane, etc.), polytetrafluoroethylene, styrene thermal One or more of plastic elastomers (such as polystyrene butadiene copolymer, etc.) and chlorinated polyethylene; the above-mentioned rubber may include one or more of chloroprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, ethylene
  • the main waterproof material layer includes materials selected from the above types, which can have good toughness, strength and excellent waterproof performance, so that the pre-paved waterproof membrane can have good waterproof performance.
  • the structural layer may include one or more of plastic, rubber, ceramic materials, glass, and metal.
  • the above-mentioned plastics may be selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polymethacrylates, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyesters (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate).
  • the above structural layer may include polyolefin or a composite material formed of polyolefin and at least one of rubber, ceramic materials, glass, and metal.
  • the above-mentioned polyolefins can be individually polymerized from ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, and certain cyclic olefins. or thermoplastic obtained by copolymerization resin.
  • the polyolefin may be polyethylene and/or polypropylene.
  • the pre-laid waterproofing membrane can have higher peel strength.
  • polyolefin plastics have high plasticity and can be easily processed to form the required structural layer with holes.
  • polyolefin plastics have high strength and flexibility, and have a higher bonding force with concrete. This can further improve the bonding performance of pre-paved waterproofing membranes and concrete substrates, thereby further improving the pre-paved waterproofing membranes.
  • the peel strength of the material can be improved.
  • the opening area of each hole can be independently 0.01cm 2 to 25cm 2 , for example, it can be 0.01cm 2 , 0.05cm 2 , 0.1cm 2 , 0.25cm 2 , 0.5cm 2 , 1cm 2 , 2cm 2 , 5cm 2 , 8cm 2 , 10cm 2 , 15cm 2 , 20cm 2 , 25cm 2 or within the range of any of the above values.
  • the opening area of each hole can be independently 0.25cm 2 to 10cm 2 .
  • the opening area of each hole is within the above-mentioned appropriate range, and the embedded structure formed by the holes and the concrete is stronger, thus enabling the pre-paved waterproofing membrane to have higher resistance to peeling. strength. This can reduce the risk of water channeling and water leakage caused by the pre-paved waterproofing membrane falling off.
  • the depth of each hole may independently range from 0.1 mm to 100 mm.
  • the depth of each hole can be independently 0.1mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, 5mm, 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, 50mm, 60mm,
  • the depth of each hole can be independently 10 mm to 50 mm.
  • the depth of the holes within the above range can further ensure that the structural layer and the concrete form a stronger embedded structure.
  • the peeling strength of the pre-paved waterproof membrane can be improved, so that the pre-paved waterproof membrane has excellent waterproof performance.
  • the center distance between adjacent holes is within the above range, which can ensure that the pre-paved waterproof membrane has high tensile strength and high peel strength, thereby further improving the waterproof performance of the pre-paved waterproof membrane.
  • the inventor found that when the center distance of adjacent holes is within the above-mentioned appropriate range, the multiple embedded structures formed by each hole and concrete can support and cooperate with each other. function, thereby forming an overall chimeric structure to further enhance the peeling strength of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the overall chimeric structure can also have a certain tensile strength. Compared with a separate chimeric structure, the overall chimeric structure is less likely to crack when it is pulled by external stress. This can increase the tensile strength of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane, thereby further improving the waterproof performance of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the pre-paved waterproof membrane can satisfy: S 1 /S 2 ⁇ 80%.
  • the total opening area of multiple holes meets the above conditions, which can ensure that the pre-paved waterproofing membrane and concrete form a suitable embedded structure while making the pre-paved waterproofing membrane anti-adhesive.
  • the layer has high mechanical strength.
  • the pre-paved waterproofing membrane can not only have high peel strength but also high tensile strength, thereby maintaining good waterproof performance in a variety of environments.
  • the opening shape of the hole may include one or more of a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a polygon or an irregular shape.
  • the opening area of the hole may be less than the maximum cross-sectional area in the depth direction of the hole.
  • the opening area of the hole may be the smallest cross-sectional area in the depth direction of the hole.
  • the opening area of the hole meets the above conditions, when the concrete is embedded in the hole and solidified, the concrete embedded in the hole will be restricted by the hole opening and will be difficult to escape from the hole. As a result, the peel-off resistance of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane can be significantly improved.
  • the contact area between each first protruding structure and the main waterproof material layer can be independently 0.5mm 2 to 1.5mm 2 , preferably 1mm 2 to 1.2mm 2 .
  • each first protruding structure and the main waterproof material layer is within an appropriate range. On the one hand, it can make the first protruding structure less likely to fall off from the surface of the main waterproof material layer. On the other hand, it is helpful for the structural layer and concrete to form a strong embedded structure, thereby improving the peeling strength of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the height of each first protruding structure may independently range from 0.1 mm to 100 mm.
  • the height of the first protruding structure can be 0.1mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, 5mm, 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, 50mm, 60mm, 70mm, 80mm, 90mm, 100mm or any combination of the above values. within the range.
  • the height of the first raised structure is within the above range, which can further ensure that the structural layer and the concrete form a stronger embedded structure. As a result, the peeling strength of the pre-paved waterproof membrane can be improved, so that the pre-paved waterproof membrane has excellent waterproof performance.
  • the first protruding structure may include a T-shaped protruding structure, an I-shaped protruding structure, a Y-shaped protruding structure, an S-shaped protruding structure, a C-shaped protruding structure, an A-shaped protruding structure, an One or more of a raised structure, a U-shaped raised structure, a P-shaped raised structure, an O-shaped raised structure, an H-shaped raised structure, a cross-shaped raised structure or a raised structure with an irregular shape. .
  • the first raised structure may include a first connection portion and a first wing portion, the first wing portion having a maximum cross-sectional area greater than the maximum cross-sectional area of the first connection portion.
  • the first raised structure satisfies the above conditions and can form a strong mortise and tenon structure with the concrete, thereby further improving the peeling strength of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane and significantly improving the waterproof performance of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the thickness of the structural layer may range from 0.1 mm to 100 mm.
  • the thickness of the structural layer can be 0.1mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, 5mm, 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, 50mm, 60mm, 70mm, 80mm, 90mm, 100mm or within the range of any of the above values.
  • the thickness of the structural layer may be equal to the depth of the through hole, or equal to the maximum height of the first protruding structure. When the structural layer includes both the first part and the second part, the greater one of the depth of the through hole and the maximum height of the first protruding structure is the thickness of the structural layer. If the thickness of the structural layer is appropriate, the structural layer can be processed more conveniently to form holes or first protruding structures of appropriate size.
  • the structural layer may be a continuous film layer.
  • the structural layer can to consist of consecutive first parts.
  • the inventor conducted in-depth research on the structure of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane of the present application and found that when the structural layer is a continuous membrane layer, the pre-paved waterproofing membrane can not only have high construction efficiency and high peel strength, but also have high productivity and Construction flexibility. Specifically, without intending to be limited to any theory or explanation, when the structural layer is a continuous membrane layer, it can be produced as a separate product, and then the continuous layer is joined to the main waterproof material layer. Therefore, the manufacturing difficulty of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane of the present application is reduced, and the production capacity of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane is improved.
  • the structural layer when the structural layer is a continuous membrane layer, the structural layer can also be joined to the main waterproof material layer at the construction site, which can improve the flexibility of the construction of pre-paved waterproofing membranes. sex.
  • the surface of the pre-paved waterproof membrane may also include a plurality of second protruding structures.
  • the second protruding structure may be connected to the main body waterproof material layer at the bottom of the through-hole, or may be located at the bottom of a non-through-hole, or may be located on the surface of the first part without holes.
  • the second raised structure is located on the surface of the first part. More optionally, the second raised structure may be located around the hole.
  • the material of the second protruding structure may include one or more of plastic, rubber, ceramic materials, glass, and metal.
  • the raised structure may be made of the same material used to form the structural layer.
  • the surface of the structural layer includes multiple raised structures.
  • these second raised structures can also form an embedded structure with the concrete, thereby further improving the prepaved
  • the anti-peel strength of the waterproof membrane can improve the waterproof performance of the pre-paved waterproof membrane.
  • the second protruding structure on the surface of the structural layer can be a second protruding structure of any shape.
  • the surface of the structural layer 10 may include an arc-shaped protruding structure 30 as shown in FIG. 3 , or may include a circular protruding structure, a triangular protruding structure, a polygonal protruding structure or a protruding structure with an irregular shape.
  • These raised structures are connected to each other to form a bridge-like structure, thereby forming a stronger embedded structure with the concrete, thus improving the peel strength of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the plurality of second protruding structures can be independent of each other, and each second protruding structure can have any, the same or different shapes.
  • the raised structure may include a T-shaped Raised structure, I-shaped raised structure, Y-shaped raised structure, S-shaped raised structure, C-shaped raised structure, A-shaped raised structure, X-shaped raised structure, U-shaped raised structure, P-shaped raised structure
  • the independent second protruding structures can also form a strong embedded structure with the concrete, thereby improving the anti-peeling strength of the pre-paved waterproof membrane, thereby improving the waterproof performance of the pre-paved waterproof membrane.
  • the second raised structure may include a second connection and a second wing portion, the second wing portion having a maximum cross-sectional area greater than the maximum cross-sectional area of the second connection portion.
  • the surface of the structural layer 10 may include a plurality of independent T-shaped protruding structures 40 , and the protruding structures satisfy that the maximum cross-sectional area of the second part is greater than the maximum cross-sectional area of the first part.
  • the peel strength test of the poured concrete after ultraviolet treatment is performed in accordance with the test standard GB/T23457-2017, and the peel strength of the pre-paved waterproof membrane is ⁇ 2.5N/mm.
  • the bonding force between the pre-paved waterproofing membrane and the concrete base material of this application is basically provided by the embedded structure formed by the hole structure and the post-poured concrete, which reduces the decrease in the bonding force of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane caused by ultraviolet aging. risk, thus enabling the pre-paved waterproofing membrane to have high peel strength under long-term construction conditions and harsh usage environments, thus enabling the pre-paved waterproofing membrane to have excellent waterproof performance.
  • the second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing the pre-paved waterproofing membrane of the present application, which includes steps S10 to S20.
  • Step S10 Provide a main waterproof material layer and a structural layer.
  • step S20 the main waterproof material layer and the structural layer are joined to each other in a stacked manner through a joining device, thereby obtaining a pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the joining device may include a first joining structure and a second joining structure that can be physically fitted to each other, and the first joining structure and the second joining structure are respectively provided on one side of the main waterproof material layer and one side of the structural layer.
  • the joining means may be formed by thermal welding or the like.
  • the third aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing the pre-paved waterproofing membrane of the present application, which includes steps S30 to S60.
  • S30 provides the main body waterproofing material and the materials used to form the structural layer.
  • the main body waterproof material and the material used to form the structural layer are respectively as described in the first aspect of this application, and will not be described again here.
  • High-density polyethylene (HDPE) main waterproof material layer HDPE as the main body (mass percentage 65%), adding Exxon 8880 toughening agent (mass percentage 33%), Add other anti-aging additives (mass percentage is 2%), and use a screw extruder to extrude through a special die.
  • HDPE high-density polyethylene
  • High-density polyethylene (HDPE) structural layer HDPE as the main body (mass percentage: 65%), adding Exxon 8880 toughening agent (mass percentage: 33%), and adding other anti-aging additives (mass percentage The content is 2%), which is extruded through a special die using a screw extruder.
  • HDPE high-density polyethylene
  • EPDM rubber structural layer EPDM rubber (purchased from Dow in the United States, brand name EPDM NORDEL IP 4520) is extruded through a special die with a screw extruder.
  • Aluminum titanate flexible ceramic structural layer made of aluminum titanate powder (purchased from Shandong Suihua Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), compacted by a mold, and sintered at 1600°C for 2 hours.
  • the structural layer is bonded to the main waterproof material layer through adhesive, rolled up and stored for testing.
  • a screw is used to extrude the material used to form the structural layer through a special die on top of the sheet to form a structural layer attached to the main waterproof material layer above the sheet, and then pressed Roll together to obtain pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • a screw is used to extrude the material used to form the structural layer through a special die on top of the sheet to form a structural layer attached to the main waterproof material layer above the sheet, and then pressed Roll together to obtain pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • a hot-melt adhesive scraper to scrape-coat a self-adhesive layer on the HDPE main waterproof material layer, and then cover the surface of the self-adhesive layer with a sand layer of 30 to 60 mesh to form an anti-adhesive layer, thereby obtaining a pre-paved waterproofing membrane.
  • the preparation parameters of the pre-paved waterproof membrane were adjusted based on Table 1, and the pre-paved waterproof membrane of Comparative Example 3 was prepared.
  • the size of the bonding surface of the specimen is (70 ⁇ 50) mm. Multiple specimens are prepared at the same time by pouring mortar on a large roll.
  • the size of the bonding surface of the specimen is (70 ⁇ 50) mm, and a large piece of coiled material is used to pour mortar on it at the same time.
  • Examples 1 to 5 it can be seen from the above-mentioned Examples 1 to 5 that the larger the proportion of the hole area, the better the fitting effect between the post-cast concrete and the waterproof membrane, and the higher the peeling strength of the pre-paved waterproof membrane.
  • Examples 5 to 9 the hole area in Example 6 is smaller, and it is relatively difficult for post-poured concrete to penetrate into the waterproof membrane. In the pores of the structural layer, the embedding effect of the post-cast concrete and the waterproof membrane is reduced, and the anti-peel strength is lower than that of Example 5; the area of the holes in Examples 7 to 9 is larger, and the strength of the structural layer per unit area is smaller, resulting in the embedding of concrete.
  • the anti-peel strength provided by the rear structural layer becomes smaller, and the anti-peel strength is also lower than that in Example 5. It can be seen from Examples 5 and 10 to 14 that when the thickness of the structural layer is thin, the strength provided by the concrete against peeling after embedding will be reduced, resulting in a reduction in the anti-peeling strength; when the structural layer is thicker, it is more difficult for post-poured concrete to penetrate The structural layer will form a good embedded structure with the structural layer, which will also lead to a reduction in peeling strength. It can be seen from Examples 15 to 19 that including convex structures on the surface of the structural layer can significantly improve the peeling strength of the pre-paved waterproofing membrane.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种预铺防水卷材及其制备方法。该预铺防水卷材包括主体防水材料层和结构层，其中，主体防水材料层与结构层通过接合装置以彼此层叠的方式接合；或者主体防水材料层与结构层一体成型，结构层包括第一部分和/或第二部分，其中，第一部分中设有多个在所第一部分的表面开口的孔洞，多个孔洞的开口总面积S1与第一部分的面积S2满足：S1/S2≥10％；第二部分包括多个各自独立的第一凸起结构，第一凸起结构的分布密度P满足：30个/cm2≤P≤80个/cm2。

Description

预铺防水卷材及其制备方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2022年06月09日提交的名称为“预铺防水卷材及其制备方法”的中国专利申请202210646725.2的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请属于防水卷材技术领域，具体涉及一种预铺防水卷材及其制备方法。
背景技术
防水卷材是一种用于防止雨水、地下水渗漏的可卷曲成卷状的柔性建材产品，主要用于建筑墙体、屋面、隧道、公路以及垃圾填埋场等，是整个工程防水的第一道屏障，对整个工程起着至关重要的作用。
相关的防水卷材按照施工工艺不同可分为自粘防水卷材、湿铺防水卷材和预铺防水卷材。传统的预铺防水卷材结构可分为三层：主体材料、自粘胶层和防粘层，其中，防粘层能够隔离自粘胶层，以防止预铺防水卷材在施工过程中出现粘脚现象，从而提高施工效率。目前，预铺防水卷材多为覆砂型预铺防水卷材，覆砂型预铺防水卷材的防粘层通常由莫来砂或反应砂构成。但是，莫来砂防粘层和反应砂防粘层在施工过程中容易出现掉砂现象。这不仅会增大粘脚的风险，而且在长时间铺设过程中，裸露的自粘胶层易在外界紫外光的作用下老化，由此降低了自粘胶层与混凝土的粘接效果。此外，使用莫来砂和反应砂作为防粘层的预铺卷材的抗剥离性能较差，在混凝土出现开裂时，预铺防水卷材容易出现剥离漏水现象。
发明内容
本申请第一方面提供一种预铺防水卷材，其包括主体防水材料层和结构层，其中，主体防水材料层与结构层通过接合装置以彼此层叠的方式接合；或者主体防水材料层与结构层一体成型，
结构层包括第一部分和/或第二部分，其中，第一部分中设有多个在结构层的表面开口的孔洞，多个孔洞的开口总面积S1与第一部分的面积S2满足：S1/S2≥10％；第二部分包括多个各自独立的第一凸起结构，所述第一凸起结构的分布密度P满足：30个/cm2≤P≤80个/cm2。
在一些实施例中，接合装置为粘接剂。
在一些实施例中，接合装置包括可彼此物理嵌合的第一接合结构和第二接合结构，第一接合结构和第二接合结构分别设置在主体防水材料层一侧和结构层一侧。
在一些实施例中，主体防水材料层包括塑料、橡胶、陶瓷材料、玻璃、金属中的一种或多种。可选地，塑料包括聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚合物、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛酯、聚苯醚、聚亚苯基硫醚、聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯、苯乙烯类热塑弹性体、氯化聚乙烯中的一种或多种；橡胶包括氯丁橡胶、丁苯橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，结构层的材料包括塑料、橡胶、陶瓷材料、玻璃、金属中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，塑料选自聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚合物、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛酯、聚苯醚、聚亚苯基硫醚、聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯、苯乙烯类热塑弹性体、氯化聚乙烯中的一种或多种；橡胶选自氯丁橡胶、丁苯橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶中的一种或多种。可选地，结构层的材料包括聚烯烃或者聚烯烃与橡胶、陶瓷材料、玻璃、金属中的至少一者形成的复合材料。
在一些实施例中，每一孔洞的开口面积各自独立地为0.01cm2～25cm2。可选地，每一孔洞的开口面积为0.25cm2～10cm2。
在一些实施例中，每一孔洞的深度各自独立地为0.1mm～100mm。可选地，每一孔洞的深度各自独立地为10mm～50mm。
在一些实施例中，相邻孔洞的中心距为0.1cm～10cm。可选地，相邻孔洞的中心距为0.6cm～3.5cm。
在一些实施例中，S1/S2≥80％。
在一些实施例中，孔洞的开口形状包括圆形、椭圆、三角形、多边形或不规则形状中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，每一第一凸起结构与主体防水材料层的接触面积各自独立地为0.5mm2～1.5mm2，优选为1mm2～1.2mm2。
在一些实施例中，每一所述第一凸起结构的高度各自独立地为0.1mm～100mm。
在一些实施例中，第一凸起结构包括T形凸起结构、I形凸起结构、Y形凸起结构、S形凸起结构、C形凸起结构、A形凸起结构、X形凸起结构、U形凸起结构、P形凸起结构、O形凸起结构、H形凸起结构、十字形凸起结构或具有不规则形状的凸起结构中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，第一凸起结构包括第一连接部和第一翼部，第一翼部的最大横截面积大于第一连接部的最大横截面积。
在一些实施例中，结构层的厚度为0.1mm～100mm。
在一些实施例中，结构层为连续的膜层。
在一些实施例中，预铺防水卷材表面还包括多个第二凸起结构，可选地，第二凸起结构位于第一部分的表面，更可选地，凸起结构位于孔洞的周围。
在一些实施例中，多个第二凸起结构中，至少部分第二凸起结构之间相互连接。
在一些实施例中，多个第二凸起结构各自独立。可选地，第二凸起结构包括T形凸起结构、I形凸起结构、Y形凸起结构、S形凸起结构、C形凸起结构、A形凸起结构、X形凸起结构、U形凸起结构、P形凸起结构、O形凸起结构、H形凸起结构、十字形凸起结构或具有不规则形状的凸起结构中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，第二凸起结构包括第二连接部和第二翼部，第二翼部的最大横截面积大于第二连接部的最大横截面积。
在一些实施例中，预铺防水卷材满足第一预设条件，第一预设条件包括：按照测试标准GB/T23457-2017对预铺防水卷材进行紫外线处理后浇混凝土剥离强度测试，预铺防水卷材的剥离强度≥2.5N/mm。
本申请第二方面提供一种用于制备本申请第一方面的预铺防水卷材的方法，包括：提供主体防水材料层和结构层；通过接合装置使主体防水材料层与结构层以彼此层叠的方式接合，从而得到预铺防水卷材。
本申请第三方面提供一种用于制备本申请第一方面的预铺防水卷材的方法，包括：提供主体防水材料和用于形成结构层的材料；将主体防水材料挤出成型，以得到主体防水材料层片材；将用于形成结构层的材料挤出至主体防水材料层片材表面，以形成结构层；将主体防水材料层片材与结构层压合，得到预铺防水卷材。
以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性和解释性的，并不能限制本申请。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将简要说明本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图；显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅涉及本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种预铺防水卷材的俯视图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种预铺防水卷材的剖面示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种预铺防水卷材的剖面示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的又一种预铺防水卷材的剖面示意图。
附图标号说明：
10结构层；11贯通孔；12非贯通孔；13第一凸起结构；20主体防
水材料层；30弧形凸起结构；40T形凸起结构。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的申请目的、技术方案和有益技术效果更加清晰，以 下结合实施例对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解的是，本说明书中描述的实施例仅仅是为了解释本申请，并非为了限定本申请。
为了简便，本申请仅明确地公开了一些数值范围。然而，任意下限可以与任何上限组合形成未明确记载的范围；以及任意下限可以与其它下限组合形成未明确记载的范围，同样任意上限可以与任意其它上限组合形成未明确记载的范围。此外，尽管未明确记载，但是范围端点间的每个点或单个数值都包含在该范围内。因而，每个点或单个数值可以作为自身的下限或上限与任意其它点或单个数值组合或与其它下限或上限组合形成未明确记载的范围。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“以上”、“以下”为包含本数，“一种或多种”中的“多种”的含义是两种及其两种以上。
本申请的上述申请内容并不意欲描述本申请中的每个公开的实施方式或每种实现方式。如下描述更具体地举例说明示例性实施方式。在整篇申请中的多处，通过一系列实施例提供了指导，这些实施例可以以各种组合形式使用。在各个实例中，列举仅作为代表性组，不应解释为穷举。
如背景技术所述，相关的预铺防水卷材多是覆砂型预铺防水卷材。覆砂型预铺防水卷材在生产的过程中，容易产生粉尘，由此造成环境污染和对生产人员的健康危害。此外，在运输及施工的过程中，覆砂型预铺防水卷材的防粘层极易出现掉砂现象，由此不仅增大了施工时粘脚的风险，还会加剧自粘胶层的紫外老化现象，从而导致预铺防水卷材的抗剥离性能下降，后期出现开胶脱落的现象。在夏季施工的情况下，覆砂型预铺防水卷材的自粘胶层会发生一定程度的软化，覆砂型预铺防水卷材的防粘层中的莫来砂或反应砂极易陷入自粘胶层，从而导致自粘胶层溢出，进而加剧了施工粘脚的风险。
鉴于此，发明人经深入思考与大量实验，提供了一种预铺防水卷材。
本申请的预铺防水卷材包括主体防水材料层和结构层，其中，主体防水材料层与结构层通过接合装置以彼此层叠的方式接合；或者主体防水材料层与结构层一体成型。结构层包括第一部分和/或第二部分，其中，第一部分中设有多个在结构层的表面开口的孔洞，多个孔洞的开口总面积S1 与第一部分的面积S2满足：S1/S2≥10％；第二部分包括多个各自独立的第一凸起结构，第一凸起结构的分布密度P满足：30个/cm2≤P≤80个/cm2。
本申请中，第一部分的面积可表示第一部分的外轮廓线围合而成的图形的面积。作为一个示例，第一部分的外轮廓线围合成矩形，第一部分的面积为该矩形的面积。作为一个示例，结构层仅包括第一部分，第一部分完全覆盖预铺防水卷材的表面，结构层的面积等于主体防水材料层的面积。
在本申请的预铺防水卷材中，结构层可以为与主体防水材料层分立的层结构，结构层与主体防水材料层可通过接合装置以彼此层叠的方式接合。第一部分和/或第二部分沿可以沿主体防水材料层表面连续分布。接合装置可以是任何能够使得结构层与主体防水材料层以层叠方式牢固接合的装置。
在一些实施例中，接合装置可以为粘接剂。作为示例，粘接剂可以包括但不限于热熔胶体系粘接剂、丙烯酸体系粘接剂或聚氨酯体系粘接剂中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，接合装置可以包括可彼此物理嵌合的第一接合结构和第二接合结构，第一接合结构和第二接合结构可以分别设置在主体防水材料层一侧和结构层一侧。作为一个示例，第一接合结构和第二接合结构可以分别为主体防水材料层和结构层通过热焊接等方式形成的结构。作为另一个示例，第一接合结构可以为设置于主体防水材料层的与结构层相对的表面侧的凹陷结构或凸起结构，第二接合结构可以为设置于结构层的与主体防水材料层相对的表面侧的凸起结构或凹陷结构。通过将设置有第一接合结构的结构层与主体防水材料层在第一接合结构与第二接合结构彼此相对并嵌合的情况下层叠，可以得到根据本申请的实施例的预铺防水卷材。作为再一个示例，第二接合结构可以与结构层一体成型，第一接合结构可以与主体防水材料层一体成型，第一接合结构可选为使至少部分主体防水材料层熔融后，通过第二接合结构嵌入主体防水材料层而形成的结构。
在一些实施例中，接合装置可包括上述粘接剂以及可彼此物理嵌合的第一接合结构和第二接合结构。作为一个示例，可以先在主体防水材料 层表面涂覆粘接剂，再使上述第一接合结构和第二接合结构彼此相对并嵌合。作为另一个示例，还可以先使第一接合结构与第二接合结构彼此相对并嵌合，再于第一接合结构与第二接合结构的嵌合部分周围涂覆粘结剂。
在本申请的预铺防水卷材中，结构层还可以为与主体防水材料层一体成型的层结构。用于形成结构层的材料可以与主体防水材料相同，也可以与主体防水材料不同。
本申请中，第一部分中的孔洞可以在结构层的表面连续分布或非连续分布，例如，孔洞可以分布于第一部分的结构层表面部分区域，也可以优选为基本均匀地分布于第一部分的结构层表面。本申请中，各个孔洞的开口面积可以相同也可以不同。对于每一孔洞，其底部面积可以与开口面积相同，也可以与开口面积不同，例如，沿孔洞的深度方向，孔洞可以在任意位置均具有相等的截面积，也可以具有依次递增或递减的面积，也可以具有不规则波动的面积。各个孔洞可以各自独立地为贯通孔或非贯通孔。作为一个示例，如图1所示，结构层10由第一部分组成，结构层10表面可包括均匀分布的贯通孔11和非贯通孔12。
本申请中，第一凸起结构可以均匀分布或不均匀分布于第二部分，在第二部分的任意区域，第一凸起结构的分布密度P均满足：30个/cm2≤P≤80个/cm2。作为一个示例，如图2所示，预铺防水卷材包括结构层10和主体防水材料层20，结构层10由第二部分组成，结构层10可包括多个第一凸起结构13。
发明人经深入思考，巧妙地设计了上述预铺防水卷材。与传统的预铺防水卷材不同的是，本申请的预铺防水卷材不包括自粘胶层，能够从根本上解决预铺防水卷材施工时粘脚的问题，从而提高预铺防水卷材的施工效率。本申请的预铺防水卷材中，第一部分中设有多个在结构层表面开口的孔洞，且孔洞开口总面积在合适的范围内，能够与后浇混凝土彼此嵌合，从而使得预铺防水卷材具备高抗剥离强度。本申请的预铺防水卷材中，第二部分包括多个第一凸起结构、且第一凸起结构的分布密度在合适的范围内，也能够与后浇混凝土彼此嵌合，从而使得预铺防水卷材具备高抗剥离强度。不同于传统的预铺防水卷材，本申请的预铺防水卷材与混凝土基材 之间的粘接力基本由孔洞结构和/或第一凸起结构与后浇混凝土形成的嵌合结构提供，降低了紫外老化、浸水、泥沙污染等环境因素而导致的预铺防水卷材的粘接力下降的风险，从而能够使得预铺防水卷材在长时间施工的条件下和恶劣的使用环境下也能具备高抗剥离强度，进而能够使得预铺防水卷材具备优异的防水性能。
本申请对主体防水材料不作限定。在一些实施例中，主体防水材料层可包括塑料、橡胶、陶瓷材料、玻璃、金属中的一种或多种。可选地，上述塑料可以包括聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚合物、聚酯(例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁酯等)、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛酯、聚苯醚、聚亚苯基硫醚、聚氨酯(例如聚氨基甲酸乙酯等)、聚四氟乙烯、苯乙烯类热塑弹性体(例如聚苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物等)、氯化聚乙烯中的一种或多种；上述橡胶可包括氯丁橡胶、丁苯橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶中的一种或多种。
上述聚烯烃可以是由乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯等α-烯烃以及某些环烯烃单独聚合或共聚合而得到的热塑性树脂。作为示例，聚烯烃可以是聚乙烯和/或聚丙烯。
主体防水材料层包括选自上述种类的材料，能够具备良好的韧性、强度和优异的防水性能，由此能够使得预铺防水卷材具备良好的防水性能。
本申请对用于形成结构层的材料不作限定。在一些实施例中，结构层可以包括塑料、橡胶、陶瓷材料、玻璃、金属中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，上述塑料可选自聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚合物、聚酯(例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁酯等)、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛酯、聚苯醚、聚亚苯基硫醚、聚氨酯(例如聚氨基甲酸乙酯等)、聚四氟乙烯、苯乙烯类热塑弹性体(例如聚苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物等)、氯化聚乙烯中的一种或多种。可选地，上述结构层可以包括聚烯烃或者聚烯烃与橡胶、陶瓷材料、玻璃、金属中的至少一者形成的复合材料。
上述聚烯烃可以是由乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯等α-烯烃以及某些环烯烃单独聚合或共聚合而得到的热塑性 树脂。作为示例，聚烯烃可以是聚乙烯和/或聚丙烯。
并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，发明人发现，结构层包括上述物质，尤其是包括聚烯烃时，预铺防水卷材能够具备更高的抗剥离强度。具体地，聚烯烃类塑料的可塑性高，容易被加工而形成所需要的具有孔洞的结构层。此外，聚烯烃类塑料的强度高、柔韧性好，与混凝土具有更高的结合力，由此，能够进一步提升预铺防水卷材与混凝土基材的粘接性能，从而进一步提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度。
在一些实施例中，每一孔洞的开口面积可各自独立地为0.01cm2～25cm2，例如可以为0.01cm2、0.05cm2、0.1cm2、0.25cm2、0.5cm2、1cm2、2cm2、5cm2、8cm2、10cm2、15cm2、20cm2、25cm2或处于以上任意数值所组成的范围内。可选地，每一孔洞的开口面积可各自独立地为0.25cm2～10cm2。
并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，每一孔洞的开口面积在上述合适的范围内，孔洞与混凝土形成的嵌合结构更为牢固，从而能够使得预铺防水卷材具备更高的抗剥离强度。由此，能够降低预铺防水卷材脱落而导致的窜水、漏水的风险。
在一些实施例中，每一孔洞的深度可以各自独立地为0.1mm～100mm。例如，每一孔洞的深度可以各自独立地为0.1mm、0.5mm、1mm、2mm、5mm、10mm、20mm、30mm、40mm、50mm、60mm、
70mm、80mm、90mm、100mm或处于上述任意数值所组成的范围内。可选地，每一孔洞的深度可以各自独立地为10mm～50mm。
并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，孔洞的深度在上述范围内，能够进一步保证结构层与混凝土形成更牢固的嵌合结构。由此，能够提高预铺防水卷材的抗剥强度，从而使得预铺防水卷材具备优异的防水性能。
在一些实施例中，相邻孔洞的中心距可以为0.1cm～10cm。例如，相邻孔洞的中心距可以为0.1cm、0.5cm、1cm、2cm、3cm、4cm、5cm、6cm、7cm、8cm、9cm、10cm或处于上述任意数值所组成的范围内。可选地，相邻孔洞的中心距可以为0.6cm～3.5cm。
上述相邻孔洞的中心距可以表示相邻孔洞的几何中心之间的距离。 各组相邻孔洞的中心距可以相同，也可以不同。当孔洞分布在防粘膜表面的非连续的多个区域时，上述相邻孔洞的中心距可以表示每一区域中相邻孔洞的中心距。
相邻孔洞的中心距在上述范围内，能够保证预铺防水卷材具备高抗拉强度和高抗剥离强度，从进一步提升预铺防水卷材的防水性能。具体地，并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，发明人发现，相邻孔洞的中心距在上述合适的范围内时，各个孔洞与混凝土形成的多个嵌合结构之间能够相互支撑、协同作用，从而形成整体的嵌合结构，以进一步提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度。此外，整体的嵌合结构还能够具备一定的拉伸强度，相较于单独的嵌合结构，在受到外界的应力拉扯时，整体的嵌合结构更不易产生开裂。由此能够提升预铺防水卷材的抗拉强度，从而进一步提升预铺防水卷材的防水性能。
在一些实施例中，预铺防水卷材可满足：S1/S2≥80％。
并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，多个孔洞的开口总面积满足上述条件，可以在保证预铺防水卷材与混凝土形成合适的嵌合结构的同时，使得预铺防水卷材的防粘层具备较高的机械强度。由此，预铺防水卷材不仅能够具有高抗剥离强度，还能够具有高抗拉强度，从而能够在多种环境下保持良好的防水性能。
本申请对孔洞的开口形状不作限定，在一些实施例中，孔洞的开口形状可以包括圆形、椭圆、三角形、多边形或不规则形状中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，孔洞的开口面积可小于孔洞深度方向上的最大横截面积。
在一些实施例中，孔洞的开口面积可以为孔洞深度方向上的最小横截面积。
并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，孔洞的开口面积满足上述条件时，当混凝土嵌入孔洞中并固化后，嵌入孔洞中的混凝土受到孔洞开口的限制，难以从孔洞脱出。由此，能够显著提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离性能。
在一些实施例中，每一第一凸起结构与主体防水材料层的接触面积可各自独立地为0.5mm2～1.5mm2，优选为1mm2～1.2mm2。
并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，每一第一凸起结构与主体防水材料层的接触面积在合适的范围内，一方面能够使得第一凸起结构不易从主体防水材料层表面脱落，另一方面有利于结构层与混凝土形成牢固的嵌合结构，从而提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度。
在一些实施例中，每一第一凸起结构的高度可各自独立地为0.1mm～100mm。例如，第一凸起结构的高度可以为0.1mm、0.5mm、1mm、2mm、5mm、10mm、20mm、30mm、40mm、50mm、60mm、70mm、80mm、90mm、100mm或处于上述任意数值所组成的范围内。
并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，第一凸起结构的高度在上述范围内，能够进一步保证结构层与混凝土形成更牢固的嵌合结构。由此，能够提高预铺防水卷材的抗剥强度，从而使得预铺防水卷材具备优异的防水性能。
在一些实施例中，第一凸起结构可包括T形凸起结构、I形凸起结构、Y形凸起结构、S形凸起结构、C形凸起结构、A形凸起结构、X形凸起结构、U形凸起结构、P形凸起结构、O形凸起结构、H形凸起结构、十字形凸起结构或具有不规则形状的凸起结构中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，第一凸起结构可包括第一连接部和第一翼部，第一翼部的最大横截面积大于第一连接部的最大横截面积。第一凸起结构满足上述条件，可以与混凝土形成牢固的榫卯结构，从而进一步提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度，进而显著提升预铺防水卷材的防水性能。
在一些实施例中，结构层的厚度可以为0.1mm～100mm。例如，结构层的厚度可以为0.1mm、0.5mm、1mm、2mm、5mm、10mm、20mm、30mm、40mm、50mm、60mm、70mm、80mm、90mm、100mm或处于上述任意数值所组成的范围内。结构层的厚度可以等于贯通孔的深度，或等于第一凸起结构的最大高度。当结构层同时包括第一部分和第二部分，以贯通孔的深度和第一凸起结构的最大高度中较大的一者为结构层的厚度。结构层的厚度适当，能够更方便地对结构层进行加工，以形成大小合适的孔洞或第一凸起结构。
在一些实施例中，结构层可以为连续的膜层。作为示例，结构层可 以由连续的第一部分组成。
发明人对本申请的预铺防水卷材的结构进行深入研究，发现结构层为连续的膜层时，能够在使得预铺防水卷材具备高施工效率、高抗剥离强度的同时，具备高产能和施工灵活性。具体地，并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，结构层为连续的膜层时，可以作为单独的产品进行生产，再将连续层与主体防水材料层接合。由此，降低了本申请的预铺防水卷材的制造难度、提高了预铺防水卷材的产能。进一步地，考虑到预铺防水卷材的施工特点，结构层为连续的膜层时，还可以在施工现场将结构层与主体防水材料层接合，由此能够提高预铺防水卷材施工的灵活性。
在一些实施例中，预铺防水卷材的表面还可以包括多个第二凸起结构。第二凸起结构可与贯通孔底部的主体防水材料层接合，也可以位于非贯通孔底部，还可以位于未设置有孔洞的第一部分的表面。可选地，第二凸起结构位于第一部分的表面。更可选地，第二凸起结构可位于孔洞的周围。
本申请对第二凸起结构的材料不作限定。在一些实施例中，第二凸起结构的材料可以包括塑料、橡胶、陶瓷材料、玻璃、金属中的一种或多种。可选地，凸起结构的材料可以与用于形成结构层的材料相同。
并非意在受限于任何理论或解释，结构层的表面包括多个凸起结构，在后浇混凝土时，这些第二凸起结构也能够与混凝土形成嵌合结构，由此能够进一步提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度，从而提升预铺防水卷材的防水性能。
在一些实施例中，多个第二凸起结构中，至少部分第二凸起结构之间可以相互连接。结构层表面的第二凸起结构可以为任意形状的第二凸起结构。例如，结构层10的表面可包括如图3所示的弧形凸起结构30，也可以包括圆形凸起结构、三角形凸起结构、多边形凸起结构或具有不规则形状的凸起结构。这些凸起结构相互连接，可形成类似桥状的结构，从而与混凝土形成更牢固的嵌合结构，进而提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度。
在一些实施例中，多个第二凸起结构可以各自独立，各个第二凸起结构可以具有任意的、相同或不同的形状。可选地，凸起结构可包括T形 凸起结构、I形凸起结构、Y形凸起结构、S形凸起结构、C形凸起结构、A形凸起结构、X形凸起结构、U形凸起结构、P形凸起结构、O形凸起结构、H形凸起结构、十字形凸起结构或具有不规则形状的凸起结构中的一种或多种。各自独立的第二凸起结构也能够与混凝土形成牢固的嵌合结构，从而提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度，进而提升预铺防水卷材的防水性能。
在一些实施例中，第二凸起结构可以包括第二连接和第二翼部，第二翼部的最大横截面积大于第二连接部的最大横截面积。
作为一个示例，如图4所示，结构层10表面可以包括多个各自独立的T形凸起结构40，凸起结构满足第二部分的最大横截面积大于第一部分的最大横截面积。
第二凸起结构满足上述条件，可以与混凝土形成牢固的榫卯结构，从而进一步提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度，进而显著提升预铺防水卷材的防水性能。
在一些实施例中，按照测试标准GB/T23457-2017进行紫外线处理后浇混凝土剥离强度测试，所述预铺防水卷材的剥离强度≥2.5N/mm。
本申请的预铺防水卷材与混凝土基材之间的粘接力基本由孔洞结构与后浇混凝土形成的嵌合结构提供，降低了紫外老化而导致的预铺防水卷材的粘接力下降的风险，从而能够使得预铺防水卷材在长时间施工的条件下和恶劣的使用环境下也能具备高抗剥离强度，进而能够使得预铺防水卷材具备优异的防水性能。
本申请第二方面提供一种用于制备本申请的预铺防水卷材的方法，其包括步骤S10～S20。
步骤S10，提供主体防水材料层和结构层。
步骤S20，通过接合装置使主体防水材料层与结构层以彼此层叠的方式接合，从而得到预铺防水卷材。
接合装置可以是能够使得结构层与主体防水材料层不易分离的任意装置，在此不作限定。
在一些实施例中，接合装置可以为粘接剂。作为示例，粘接剂可包括但不限于热熔胶体系粘接剂、丙烯酸体系粘接剂或聚氨酯体系粘接剂中 的一种或多种。通过接合装置使主体防水材料层与结构层以彼此层叠的方式接合可以包括将粘接剂涂覆于主体防水材料层表面，再将结构层置于粘接剂层表面。
在一些实施例中，接合装置可包括可彼此物理嵌合的第一接合结构和第二接合结构，第一接合结构和第二接合结构分别设置在主体防水材料层一侧和结构层一侧。作为示例，该接合装置可通过热焊接等方式形成。
本申请第三方面提供一种用于制备本申请的预铺防水卷材的方法，其包括步骤S30～S60。
S30，提供主体防水材料和用于形成结构层的材料。
主体防水材料和用于形成结构层的材料分别如本申请第一方面所述，在此不再赘述。
S40，将主体防水材料挤出成型，以得到主体防水材料层片材。
S50，将用于形成结构层的材料挤出至主体防水材料层片材表面，以形成结构层。
S60，将主体防水材料层片材与结构层压合，得到预铺防水卷材。
作为示例，上述S40～S60可以包括将主体防水材料通过螺杆挤出成型为片材时，在片材上方用螺杆通过特殊模口挤出用于形成结构层的材料，以形成附于主体防水材料层片材上方的结构层，再通过压辊压合，得到预铺防水卷材。
实施例
下述实施例更具体地描述了本发明公开的内容，这些实施例仅仅用于阐述性说明，因为在本发明公开内容的范围内进行各种修改和变化对本领域技术人员来说是明显的。除非另有声明，以下实施例中所报道的所有份、百分比、和比值都是基于重量计，而且实施例中使用的所有试剂都可商购获得或是按照常规方法进行合成获得，并且可直接使用而无需进一步处理，以及实施例中使用的仪器均可商购获得。
以下实施例所用的原料来源如下：
高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)主体防水材料层：以HDPE为主体(质量百分含量为65％)，添加埃克森8880增韧剂(质量百分含量为33％)，添 加其他抗老化助剂(质量百分含量为2％)，使用螺杆挤出机通过特殊模口挤出而成。
高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)结构层：以HDPE为主体(质量百分含量为65％)，添加埃克森8880增韧剂(质量百分含量为33％)，添加其他抗老化助剂(质量百分含量为2％)，使用螺杆挤出机通过特殊模口挤出而成。
三元乙丙橡胶结构层：由三元乙丙橡胶(购自美国陶氏，牌号为EPDM NORDEL IP 4520)通过用螺杆挤出机通过特殊模口挤出而成。
钛酸铝柔性陶瓷结构层：由钛酸铝粉末(购自山东穗华生物科技有限公司)通过模具压实，在1600℃下保温2小时烧结而成。
铝结构层：将1060铝片切成铝丝，通过热焊接制备成具有多个孔洞的结构层。
反应砂：购自江苏欧文斯彩砂科技有限公司，规格为30目到60目，牌号为CY9380。
莫来砂：购自山东沈耐新材料科技有限公司，规格为30目到60目。
实施例1～22
提供HDPE主体防水材料层以及结构层；
将结构层通过热焊接的方式焊接在主体防水材料层上，收卷保存以待测试。
实施例23
提供HDPE主体防水材料层以及结构层；
将结构层通过粘接剂粘接在主体防水材料层上，收卷保存以待测试。
实施例24
将HDPE通过螺杆挤出成型为片材时，在片材上方用螺杆通过特殊模口挤出用于形成结构层的材料，以形成附于主体防水材料层片材上方的结构层，再通过压辊压合，得到预铺防水卷材。
实施例1～24中，结构层为网格状的层结构，孔洞均匀地分布于结 构层表面。用于形成结构层的材料、多个孔洞的开口总面积S1与结构层的面积S2之比S1/S2、孔洞的开口面积S、孔洞的深度h、结构层的厚度d、第二凸起结构的形状和第二凸起结构是否连接分别如表1所示。
实施例25～27
将HDPE通过螺杆挤出成型为片材时，在片材上方用螺杆通过特殊模口挤出用于形成结构层的材料，以形成附于主体防水材料层片材上方的结构层，再通过压辊压合，得到预铺防水卷材。
实施例25～27中，结构层由多个各自独立的T形第一凸起结构组成，第一凸起结构与所述主体防水材料层的接触面积为1mm2。第一凸起结构的分布密度P、结构层的厚度d分别如表1所示。
对比例1～2
使用热熔胶刮涂机在HDPE主体防水材料层上刮涂自粘胶层，然后在自粘胶层表面覆盖30目～60目的砂层，以形成防粘层，从而得到预铺防水卷材。
防粘层的中砂粒的种类分别如表1所示。
对比例3
根据实施例1～22的制备步骤，基于表1调整预铺防水卷材的制备参数，制备对比例3的预铺防水卷材。
测试部分
剥离强度测试
按照GB/T 23457-2017中的方法将预铺防水卷材制成无处理的后浇混凝土试件，具体包括：
试件粘结面尺寸为(70×50)mm，采用大块的卷材上浇砂浆同时制备多个试件，砂浆配合比为：强度等级42.5普通硅酸盐水泥：ISO标准砂：水＝1:2:0.4，剥离试验前裁切到规定尺寸。
1)无处理剥离强度P1测试
按照GB/T 23457-2017中的6.20.1中的测试标准进行测试。
2)与后浇混凝土浸水28天后剥离强度P2测试
试件粘结面尺寸为(70×50)mm，采用大块的卷材上浇砂浆同时 制备多个试件，砂浆配合比为：强度等级42.5普通硅酸盐水泥：ISO标准砂：水＝1:2:0.4，制样后放置24h后脱模，再于标准环境(温度20±2℃湿度≥95％)下养护至7天，然后浸入(23±2)℃的水中，28天后取出，吸干明水，再按照与无处理剥离强度测试相同的步骤测试试件的剥离强度。
3)紫外线处理后浇混凝土剥离强度P3测试
按照GB/T 23457-2017中的6.20.4中的测试标准进行测试。
4)泥沙污染表面后浇混凝土剥离强度P4测试
按照GB/T 23457-2017中的6.20.3中的测试标准进行测试。
各实施例与对比例的测试结果分别如表2所示。
表2
由上述测试结果可知，本申请的预铺防水卷材能够达到与覆砂型防水卷材类似、甚至更高的抗剥离强度。但是，本申请的预铺防水卷材不存在施工粘脚的问题，因此相对于对比例1～2的覆砂型防水卷材具备明显的优势。
此外，由上述实施例1～5可知，孔洞面积越占比越大，后浇混凝土与防水卷材嵌合效果越好，预铺防水卷材抗剥离强度越高。由实施例5～9可知，实施例6中孔洞面积较小，后浇混凝土相对难以渗入防水卷材 结构层孔隙中，后浇混凝土与防水卷材嵌合效果降低，抗剥离强度较实施例5有所降低；实施例7～9的孔洞面积较大，单位面积结构层强度较小，导致混凝土嵌入后结构层提供的抗剥离强度变小，抗剥离强度较实施例5也有所降低。由实施例5、10～14可知，结构层厚度较薄时，混凝土嵌合后对剥离提供的强度就会减小，从而导致抗剥离强度降低；结构层较厚时，后浇混凝土较难渗入结构层中以与结构层形成良好的嵌合结构，从而也会导致抗剥离强度降低。由实施例15～19可知，在结构层表面包括凸起结构，能够显著提升预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度。而由实施例20～24可知，预铺防水卷材的抗剥离强度主要由结构层与混凝土形成的嵌合结构提供，故具有不同的结构层材料、或通过不同的制备方法得到预铺防水卷材均具有高抗剥离强度。由实施例25～27可知，在结构层完全由第一凸起结构组成的情况下，第一凸起结构的分布密度P较小时，与混凝土嵌合的补充强度偏低，剥离强度下降；分布密度P较大时，会增大后浇混凝土渗入第一凸起结构之间的缝隙的难度，导致混凝土与凸起嵌入效果不佳，剥离强度下降。第一凸起结构的分布密度P在本申请的范围内，预铺防水卷材的性能能够满足使用需求。
而相对于此，对比例3的预铺防水卷材的S1/S2不符合本申请的条件，其抗剥离强度远不能满足使用需求。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可容易想到各种等效的修改或替换，这些修改或替换都被应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种预铺防水卷材，包括主体防水材料层和结构层，其中，
    所述主体防水材料层与所述结构层通过接合装置以彼此层叠的方式接合；或者所述主体防水材料层与所述结构层一体成型，
    所述结构层包括第一部分和/或第二部分，其中，
    所述第一部分中设有多个在所述结构层的表面开口的孔洞，所述多个孔洞的开口总面积S1与所述第一部分的面积S2满足：S1/S2≥10％；
    所述第二部分包括多个各自独立的第一凸起结构，所述第一凸起结构的分布密度P满足：30个/cm2≤P≤80个/cm2。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述接合装置为粘接剂。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述接合装置包括可彼此物理嵌合的第一接合结构和第二接合结构，所述第一接合结构和所述第二接合结构分别设置在所述主体防水材料层一侧和所述结构层一侧。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述主体防水材料层包括塑料、橡胶、陶瓷材料、玻璃、金属中的一种或多种，
    可选地，所述塑料包括聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚合物、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛酯、聚苯醚、聚亚苯基硫醚、聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯、苯乙烯类热塑弹性体、氯化聚乙烯中的一种或多种；所述橡胶包括氯丁橡胶、丁苯橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶中的一种或多种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述结构层包括塑料、橡胶、陶瓷材料、玻璃、金属中的一种或多种。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述塑料选自聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚合物、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛酯、聚苯醚、聚亚苯基硫醚、聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯、苯乙烯类热塑弹性体、氯化聚乙烯中的一种或多种；所述橡 胶选自氯丁橡胶、丁苯橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶中的一种或多种，
    可选地，所述结构层的材料包括聚烯烃或者聚烯烃与橡胶、陶瓷材料、玻璃、金属中的至少一者形成的复合材料。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述结构层满足如下至少一者：
    (1)每一所述孔洞的开口面积各自独立地为0.01cm2～25cm2，优选为0.25cm2～10cm2；
    (2)每一所述孔洞的深度各自独立地为0.1mm～100mm，优选为10mm～50mm；
    (3)相邻所述孔洞的中心距为0.1cm～10cm，优选为0.6cm～3.5cm；
    (4)S1/S2≥80％；
    (5)所述孔洞的开口形状包括圆形、椭圆、三角形、多边形或不规则形状中的一种或多种；
    (6)每一所述第一凸起结构与所述主体防水材料层的接触面积各自独立地为0.5mm2～1.5mm2，优选为1mm2～1.2mm2；
    (7)每一所述第一凸起结构的高度各自独立地为0.1mm～100mm；
    (8)所述第一凸起结构包括T形凸起结构、I形凸起结构、Y形凸起结构、S形凸起结构、C形凸起结构、A形凸起结构、X形凸起结构、U形凸起结构、P形凸起结构、O形凸起结构、H形凸起结构、十字形凸起结构或具有不规则形状的凸起结构中的一种或多种；
    (9)所述第一凸起结构包括第一连接部和第一翼部，所述第一翼部的最大横截面积大于所述第一连接部的最大横截面积；
    (10)所述结构层的厚度为0.1mm～100mm。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述结构层为连续的膜层。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述预铺防水卷材表面还包括多个第二凸起结构，可选地，所述第二凸起结构位于所述第一部分的表面，更可选地，所述第二凸起结构位于所述孔洞的周围。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述多个第二凸起结 构中，至少部分第二凸起结构之间相互连接。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述多个第二凸起结构各自独立，
    可选地，所述第二凸起结构包括T形凸起结构、I形凸起结构、Y形凸起结构、S形凸起结构、C形凸起结构、A形凸起结构、X形凸起结构、U形凸起结构、P形凸起结构、O形凸起结构、H形凸起结构、十字形凸起结构或具有不规则形状的凸起结构中的一种或多种。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，所述第二凸起结构包括第二连接部和第二翼部，所述第二翼部的最大横截面积大于所述第二连接部的最大横截面积。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的预铺防水卷材，其中，按照测试标准GB/T23457-2017进行紫外线处理后浇混凝土剥离强度测试，所述预铺防水卷材的剥离强度≥2.5N/mm。
  14. 一种用于制备根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的预铺防水卷材的方法，包括：
    提供所述主体防水材料层和所述结构层；
    通过所述接合装置使所述主体防水材料层与所述结构层以彼此层叠的方式接合，从而得到所述预铺防水卷材。
  15. 一种用于制备根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的预铺防水卷材的方法，包括：
    提供主体防水材料和用于形成所述结构层的材料；
    将所述主体防水材料挤出成型，以得到主体防水材料层片材；
    将所述用于形成结构层的材料挤出至所述主体防水材料层片材表面，以形成所述结构层；
    将所述主体防水材料层片材与所述结构层压合，得到所述预铺防水卷材。
PCT/CN2023/099548 2022-06-09 2023-06-09 预铺防水卷材及其制备方法 WO2023237117A1 (zh)

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