WO2023060990A1 - 电池粉浸出渣回收制取活性负极材料的方法 - Google Patents
电池粉浸出渣回收制取活性负极材料的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical class [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 17
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical group CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001447 ferric ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 4
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009853 pyrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIVQBWSIGJFXLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N PPM-18 Chemical compound C=1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=1NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BIVQBWSIGJFXLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008570 general process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/20—Graphite
- C01B32/21—After-treatment
- C01B32/215—Purification; Recovery or purification of graphite formed in iron making, e.g. kish graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of lithium battery recycling, and in particular relates to a method for recycling battery powder leach slag to prepare active negative electrode materials.
- lithium-ion batteries are booming in emerging fields such as new energy vehicles and large-scale industrial energy storage systems. According to estimates, the waste of power batteries used in new energy vehicles will reach 1.16 million tons in 2023. Waste lithium batteries contain a large amount of rare and precious metals and organic substances such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, and lithium. If they are not recycled effectively, they will not only pollute the environment, but also waste resources. At present, there are many researches on the recovery of positive electrode materials of waste lithium batteries, and more attention is paid to the separation and purification of lithium cobaltate and ternary materials.
- the recycling methods of lithium batteries mainly include pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy.
- Pyrometallurgy is to directly use high temperature treatment to extract the metal or metal oxide in the electrode.
- the process is simple, but the purity of the recycled material is low.
- the electrolyte, binder and other organic substances in the decommissioned battery will produce harmful gases due to the high temperature reaction, which needs to be installed
- the supporting facilities carry out secondary waste gas treatment, and the graphite negative electrode of the battery is directly burned and scrapped due to high temperature, resulting in a waste of resources.
- Hydrometallurgy has the advantages of less pollution and easy control, so a lot of research is currently focused on hydrometallurgy.
- the general process of hydrometallurgy is to leach valuable metals first, then precipitate step by step according to the properties of different metals, and further purify to obtain the final product. Therefore, it is very important to choose an efficient and low-cost leaching method for the recovery of valuable metals in lithium batteries.
- hydrometallurgy first disassembles the battery shell, crushes and sieves the electrode materials, and then leaches the valuable metals in the electrode materials in acid or biological solution, and then separates them to obtain the corresponding salts or oxides of each metal. . After the leaching was completed, the resulting leaching residue was treated as hazardous waste due to heavy metal impurities, and the graphite negative electrode was not recycled.
- the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the above-mentioned prior art. For this reason, the present invention proposes a method for recycling battery powder leach slag to prepare an active negative electrode material.
- a method for reclaiming battery powder leach slag to prepare an active negative electrode material comprising the following steps:
- the first organic solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone, N-dimethylacetamide, propylene carbonate, 1,3-dioxolane, dimethyl carbonate At least one of esters or ethyl methyl carbonate.
- step S2 the temperature of the high temperature treatment is 300-600° C., and the treatment time is 0.5-2.0 h.
- the mixed solution is a mixed solution of ferric sulfate and sulfuric acid.
- the concentration of ferric ions in the mixed solution is 0.1-0.5 mol/L, and the concentration of hydrogen ions is 0.1-4.0 mol/L; preferably, the treatment
- the volume ratio (i.e. solid-to-liquid ratio) of the mass of slag to the ferric salt mixed acid solution is 1g:(1-5)mL.
- step S2 the soaking time is 1.0-4.0 hours.
- the alkali washing uses a sodium hydroxide solution with a temperature of 45-80° C. and a concentration of 0.5-2.0 mol/L.
- step S2 water washing is further included after the alkali washing, and the temperature of the water washing is 50-90°C.
- step S2 the carbonylation reaction is carried out in two stages, wherein the temperature of the first stage reaction is 190-210° C., and the pressure is above 20 MPa.
- the first stage reaction continues 0.5-1.0h; the temperature of the second-stage reaction is 38-93°C, and the pressure is above 0.1MPa.
- the second-stage reaction lasts for 0.5-1.0h.
- the second organic solvent is at least one of benzene, acetone, ether, tetrachlorinated naphthalene, ethanol, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride.
- the pre-lithiation process is: mixing the graphite powder with lithium powder and N-methylpyrrolidone, heating and stirring, separating solid and liquid, and drying to obtain The active negative electrode material.
- step S3 the heating temperature is 70-80° C., and the stirring time is 1.0-4.0 h.
- the present invention performs a series of impurity removal and activation on the leach slag produced by leaching the crushed battery powder, and finally obtains an active negative electrode material, avoiding the problems of waste of resources and low disassembly efficiency of collecting negative electrode current collectors separately.
- the battery powder leach slag is dissolved in a highly soluble organic solvent to remove residual electrolyte, binder and other organic impurities; then oxygen is isolated for high temperature treatment to further decompose the residual electrolyte and binder, and the metal Impurities are reduced to simple metals.
- carbon absorbs oxygen in some metal oxides, which has a certain activity and is ready for the subsequent pre-lithiation.
- ferric ions with stronger oxidation potential than hydrogen ions are used to convert Dissolution of metal element; washing with hot lye, and removing sulfate ions through the replacement of hydroxide ions, that is, using hydroxide ions to perform ion exchange with sulfate ions adsorbed in the interior/surface pores of the particles, so as to reduce the product
- wash with pure water to remove the introduced sodium ions
- use carbonylation treatment to react the residual metal with carbon monoxide to form metal carbonyls that are easily soluble in organic solvents, and further remove the residual metal ions.
- the activated negative electrode material is obtained by pre-lithiation of the activated graphite powder.
- the invention can be widely used in the recovery process of the waste ternary lithium battery, especially in the process of recycling the negative electrode material of the ternary lithium battery.
- Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the active negative electrode material is separated and prepared by the following steps:
- a method for recycling battery powder leach slag to prepare active negative electrode materials is:
- the active negative electrode is separated and prepared by the following steps:
- a method for recycling battery powder leach slag to prepare active negative electrode materials is:
- the active negative electrode is separated and prepared by the following steps:
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电池粉浸出渣回收制取活性负极材料的方法,包括将电池粉浸出渣用第一有机溶剂浸泡除去有机杂质,固液分离得到处理渣,处理渣在隔绝氧气条件下经高温处理后,用三价铁盐与酸的混合溶液浸泡,再进行碱洗,洗涤完成后与一氧化碳进行羰基化反应,用第二有机溶剂纯化,固液分离得到石墨粉,将石墨粉进行预锂化后,制得活性负极材料。本发明将破碎后的电池粉浸出产生的浸出渣进行一系列的除杂、活化,最终制得活性负极材料,避免了资源浪费、单独收集负极集流体拆解效率低的问题。
Description
本发明属于锂电池回收技术领域,具体涉及一种电池粉浸出渣回收制取活性负极材料的方法。
目前,锂离子电池在新能源汽车领域以及大规模工业储能系统等新兴领域蓬勃发展。据测算,新能源汽车所使用的动力电池报废量在2023年将达到116万吨。而废锂电池中含有大量的钴镍锰锂等稀贵重金属和有机物,若不进行有效的回收处理,不仅会对环境造成污染,同时也是一种资源浪费。目前,针对废锂电池正极材料的回收研究较多,且更关注钴酸锂以及三元材料的分离与提纯。
近些年来,锂电池的回收方法主要有火法冶金和湿法冶金。火法冶金是直接采用高温处理的方法提取电极中的金属或金属氧化物,工艺简单,但回收材料纯度低,退役电池中的电解液、黏结剂等有机物会由于高温反应产生有害气体,需要安装配套的设施进行二次废气处理,电池的石墨负极由于高温直接燃烧报废,造成了资源的浪费。而湿法冶金具有污染小、易控制的优点,因此目前大量研究集中在湿法冶金上。湿法冶金的一般过程是先将有价金属浸出,然后根据不同金属的性质差别分步沉淀,进一步纯化获得最终产物。因而选择高效低成本的浸出方法对于回收锂电池有价金属至关重要。
然而,湿法冶金是先拆解电池外壳,破碎、筛分后获取电极材料,电极材料中的有价金属在酸或生物溶液中浸取,再进行分离,获得各金属相应的盐或氧化物。浸出完成后,产生的浸出渣因含有重金属杂质被当成危废进行了报废处理,并没有对石墨负极进行回收。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决上述现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此,本发明提出一种电池粉浸出渣回收制取活性负极材料的方法。
根据本发明的一个方面,提出了一种电池粉浸出渣回收制取活性负极材料的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将所述电池粉浸出渣用第一有机溶剂浸泡除去有机杂质,固液分离,得到处理渣;
S2:所述处理渣在隔绝氧气条件下经高温处理后,用三价铁盐与酸的混合溶液浸泡,再进行碱洗,洗涤完成后与一氧化碳进行羰基化反应,用第二有机溶剂纯化,固液分离,得到石墨粉;
S3:将所述石墨粉进行预锂化后,制得所述活性负极材料。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S1中,所述第一有机溶剂为N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N-二甲基乙酰胺、碳酸丙烯酯、1,3-二氧戊环、碳酸二甲酯或碳酸甲乙酯中的至少一种。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S2中,所述高温处理的温度为300-600℃,处理的时间为0.5-2.0h。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S2中,所述混合溶液为硫酸铁和硫酸的混合溶液。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S2中,所述混合溶液中三价铁离子的浓度为0.1-0.5mol/L,氢离子的浓度为0.1-4.0mol/L;优选的,所述处理渣的质量与三价铁盐混合酸溶液的体积比(即固液比)为1g:(1-5)mL。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S2中,所述浸泡的时间为1.0-4.0h。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S2中,所述碱洗采用温度为45-80℃、浓度为0.5-2.0mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S2中,所述碱洗后还包括水洗,所述水洗的温度为50-90℃。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S2中,所述羰基化反应分两段进行,其中第一段反应的温度190-210℃,压力在20MPa以上,优选的,所述第一段反应持续0.5-1.0h;第二段反应的温度为38-93℃,压力在0.1MPa以上,优选的,所述第二段反应持续 0.5-1.0h。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S2中,所述第二有机溶剂为苯、丙酮、乙醚、四氯化萘、乙醇、三氯甲烷或四氯化碳中的至少一种。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S3中,所述预锂化的过程为:将所述石墨粉与锂粉、N-甲基吡咯烷酮混合,加热并搅拌,固液分离,干燥,即得所述活性负极材料。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S3中,所述加热的温度为70-80℃,搅拌的时间为1.0-4.0h。
根据本发明的一种优选的实施方式,至少具有以下有益效果:
本发明将破碎后的电池粉浸出产生的浸出渣进行一系列的除杂、活化,最终制得活性负极材料,避免了资源浪费、单独收集负极集流体拆解效率低的问题。首先,将电池粉浸出渣使用溶解性较强的有机溶剂溶解去除残留的电解液、粘结剂等有机杂质;再隔绝氧气进行高温处理,进一步分解残留的电解液和粘结剂,并将金属杂质还原为金属单质,此过程碳吸收部分金属氧化物中的氧,具有一定的活性,为后续的预锂化做好了准备,再利用比氢离子更强氧化电位的三价铁离子,将金属单质溶解;采用热碱液进行洗涤,通过氢氧根离子的置换作用去除硫酸根离子,即利用氢氧根离子与颗粒内部/表面孔隙内吸附的硫酸根离子进行离子交换,从而达到降低产品中硫杂质含量的目的,再用纯水洗涤去除引入的钠离子;最后,采用羰基化处理,将残留的金属与一氧化碳反应生成易溶于有机溶剂的金属羰基物,进一步除去残留的金属离子,得到石墨粉。通过预锂化活化石墨粉,得到活性负极材料。本发明可广泛应用于废旧三元锂电池的回收工艺中,特别是三元锂电池负极材料再生利用的工艺中。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,其中:
图1为本发明实施例1的工艺流程图。
以下将结合实施例对本发明的构思及产生的技术效果进行清楚、完整地描述,以充 分地理解本发明的目的、特征和效果。显然,所描述的实施例只是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例,基于本发明的实施例,本领域的技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的其他实施例,均属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种电池粉浸出渣回收制取活性负极材料的方法,参照图1,具体过程为:
取100g电池粉浸出渣,检测各杂质元素含量如表1。
表1
元素 | Ni | Co | Mn | Fe | Cu | Na | P | Al | S |
ppm | 1009 | 4363 | 601 | 435 | 88 | 5488 | 1515 | 398 | 71860 |
通过以下步骤分离制取活性负极材料:
(1)将收集的三元电池粉浸出渣用N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶解去除残留的电解液、粘结剂,固液分离后得到有机溶液和处理渣;
(2)处理渣隔绝氧气在600℃下反应时间0.5h后,用500mL浓度为0.05mol/L硫酸铁和0.05mol/L硫酸的混合溶液浸泡4.0h,先使用温度为80℃、浓度为0.5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液洗涤,再使用温度为90℃的纯水洗涤,洗涤完成后,置于温度190-210℃的密闭容器中,通入一氧化碳气体,维持压力在20MPa以上,持续1.0h;降温泄压,控制温度为38℃,维持压力在0.1MPa以上,持续1.0h;反应结束后,加入苯浸泡1.0h,固液分离后得到石墨粉;
(3)将锂粉、石墨粉混合后加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,控制温度70-80℃,搅拌4.0h,固液分离,干燥,即得活性负极材料。
检测活性负极材料中,各杂质元素的含量如表2。
表2
元素 | Ni | Co | Mn | Fe | Cu | Na | P | Al | S |
ppm | 18 | 23 | 15 | 63 | ND | 103 | ND | ND | 560 |
实施例2
一种电池粉浸出渣回收制取活性负极材料的方法,具体过程为:
取100g电池粉浸出渣,检测各杂质元素含量如表3。
表3
元素 | Ni | Co | Mn | Fe | Cu | Na | P | Al | S |
ppm | 1235 | 4103 | 586 | 501 | 76 | 5956 | 1233 | 263 | 80352 |
通过以下步骤分离制取活性负极:
(1)将收集的三元电池粉浸出渣用N-二甲基乙酰胺溶解去除残留的电解液、粘结剂,固液分离后得到有机溶液和处理渣;
(2)处理渣隔绝氧气在300℃下反应时间2.0h后,用100mL浓度为0.25mol/L硫酸铁和2.0mol/L硫酸的混合溶液浸泡4.0h,先使用温度为45℃、浓度为0.5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液洗涤,再使用温度为50℃的纯水洗涤,洗涤完成后,置于温度190-210℃的密闭容器中,通入一氧化碳气体,维持压力在20MPa以上,持续0.5h;降温泄压,控制温度为93℃,维持压力在0.1MPa以上,持续0.5h;反应结束后,加入丙酮浸泡0.5h,固液分离后得到石墨粉;
(3)将锂粉、石墨粉混合后加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,控制温度70-80℃,搅拌1.0h,固液分离,干燥,即得活性负极材料。
检测活性负极材料中,各杂质元素的含量如表4。
表4
元素 | Ni | Co | Mn | Fe | Cu | Na | P | Al | S |
ppm | 56 | 53 | 62 | 87 | ND | 162 | ND | ND | 732 |
实施例3
一种电池粉浸出渣回收制取活性负极材料的方法,具体过程为:
取100g电池粉浸出渣,检测各杂质元素含量如表5。
表5
元素 | Ni | Co | Mn | Fe | Cu | Na | P | Al | S |
ppm | 837 | 3266 | 452 | 232 | 97 | 4600 | 1718 | 463 | 61735 |
通过以下步骤分离制取活性负极:
(1)将收集的三元电池粉浸出渣用碳酸丙烯酯溶解去除残留的电解液、粘结剂,固液分离后得到有机溶液和处理渣;
(2)处理渣隔绝氧气在500℃下反应时间1.0h后,用300mL浓度为0.1mol/L硫酸铁和0.1mol/L硫酸的混合溶液浸泡2.0h,先使用温度为60℃、浓度为1.0mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液洗涤,再使用温度为70℃的纯水洗涤,洗涤完成后,置于温度190-210℃的密闭容器中,通入一氧化碳气体,维持压力在20MPa以上,持续1.0h;降温泄压,控制温度为50℃,维持压力在0.1MPa以上,持续1.0h;反应结束后,加入乙醚浸泡1.0h,固液分离后得到石墨粉;
(3)将锂粉、石墨粉混合后加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,控制温度70-80℃,搅拌2.0h,固液分离,干燥,即得活性负极材料。
检测活性负极材料中,各杂质元素的含量如表6。
元素 | Ni | Co | Mn | Fe | Cu | Na | P | Al | S |
ppm | 21 | 19 | 17 | 71 | ND | 90 | ND | ND | 892 |
上面结合附图对本发明实施例作了详细说明,但是本发明不限于上述实施例,在所属技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。此外,在不冲突的情况下,本发明的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
Claims (10)
- 一种电池粉浸出渣回收制取活性负极材料的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:S1:将所述电池粉浸出渣用第一有机溶剂浸泡除去有机杂质,固液分离,得到处理渣;S2:所述处理渣在隔绝氧气条件下经高温处理后,用三价铁盐与酸的混合溶液浸泡,再进行碱洗,洗涤完成后与一氧化碳进行羰基化反应,用第二有机溶剂纯化,固液分离,得到石墨粉;S3:将所述石墨粉进行预锂化后,制得所述活性负极材料。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述第一有机溶剂为N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N-二甲基乙酰胺、碳酸丙烯酯、1,3-二氧戊环、碳酸二甲酯或碳酸甲乙酯中的至少一种。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述高温处理的温度为300-600℃,处理的时间为0.5-2.0h。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述混合溶液为硫酸铁和硫酸的混合溶液。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述混合溶液中三价铁离子的浓度为0.1-0.5mol/L,氢离子的浓度为0.1-4.0mol/L;优选的,所述处理渣的质量与三价铁盐混合酸溶液的体积比为1g:(1-5)mL。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述碱洗采用温度为45-80℃、浓度为0.5-2.0mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述羰基化反应分两段进行,其中第一段反应的温度190-210℃,压力在20MPa以上,优选的,所述第一段反应持续0.5-1.0h;第二段反应的温度为38-93℃,压力在0.1MPa以上,优选的,所述第二段反应持续0.5-1.0h。
- 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述第二有机溶剂为苯、 丙酮、乙醚、四氯化萘、乙醇、三氯甲烷或四氯化碳中的至少一种。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,所述预锂化的过程为:将所述石墨粉与锂粉、N-甲基吡咯烷酮混合,加热并搅拌,固液分离,干燥,即得所述活性负极材料。
- 根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,所述加热的温度为70-80℃,搅拌的时间为1.0-4.0h。
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