WO2023058383A1 - ゴム粒子、複合粒子、及びそれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
ゴム粒子、複合粒子、及びそれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023058383A1 WO2023058383A1 PCT/JP2022/033359 JP2022033359W WO2023058383A1 WO 2023058383 A1 WO2023058383 A1 WO 2023058383A1 JP 2022033359 W JP2022033359 W JP 2022033359W WO 2023058383 A1 WO2023058383 A1 WO 2023058383A1
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- Prior art keywords
- rubber particles
- group
- rubber
- carbon atoms
- particles
- Prior art date
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- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
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- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- GQOKIYDTHHZSCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=CC[N+](C)(C)CC=C GQOKIYDTHHZSCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- QQTCTMZQVKSGET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethyltriazonane Chemical compound CN1CCCCCCN(C)N1C QQTCTMZQVKSGET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AHAREKHAZNPPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CCC=CC=C AHAREKHAZNPPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyronitrile Chemical compound CC(C)C#N LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isododecane Natural products CC(C)(C)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011968 lewis acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002463 lignoceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RJMRIDVWCWSWFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(tripropoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](C)(OCCC)OCCC RJMRIDVWCWSWFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001802 myricyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCCN PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001196 nonadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYXOWKPVTCPORE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl-(4-phenylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound C=1C=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LYXOWKPVTCPORE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005015 poly(hydroxybutyrate) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003217 poly(methylsilsesquioxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002961 polybutylene succinate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004631 polybutylene succinate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000921 polyethylene adipate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004633 polyglycolic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000656 polylysine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000259 polyoxyethylene lauryl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002503 polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000380 propiolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionamide Chemical compound CCC(N)=O QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940080818 propionamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013558 reference substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940104261 taurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GYZQBXUDWTVJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](C)(OCCCC)OCCCC GYZQBXUDWTVJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002469 tricosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCC(F)(F)F JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJROHELDTBDTPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluorohexyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F IJROHELDTBDTPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZNHKBFIBYXPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[3-(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(=C)C(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)C UZNHKBFIBYXPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEIXGLMQZVLOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[3-(prop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCNC(=O)C=C OEIXGLMQZVLOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F299/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers
- C08F299/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates
- C08F299/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates from polysiloxanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/38—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/42—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences
- C08G77/445—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences containing polyester sequences
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to rubber particles, composite particles, and methods for producing them.
- Silicone rubber particles with rubber elasticity are used as stress relaxation agents for resins.
- thermosetting resins such as epoxy resins used for packaging electronic and electrical parts
- rubber particles are added to prevent cracking even when stress is applied to the package due to expansion due to heat generated by the electrical parts. It is done. It is also used in cosmetics for the purpose of imparting a feeling of use such as a soft touch and smoothness and extensibility.
- silicone rubber particles examples include composite particles in which silicone rubber particles are coated with polyorganosilsesquioxane resin (Patent Document 1: JP-A-7-196815), and silicone rubber particles coated with metal oxide fine particles such as silica. composite particles (Patent Document 2: JP-A-4-348143), etc. have also been proposed. These composite particles are characterized by low cohesiveness and high dispersibility.
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-2001-40214 describes an organic compound having an aliphatic saturated bond and a silicon-containing organic compound having a silicon-bonded hydrogen atom as particles having good dispersibility in thermoplastic resins and the like. is described as organic crosslinked rubber particles obtained by crosslinking a liquid composition consisting of by hydrosilylation reaction.
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-10-182987 discloses that a (meth)acrylic acid ester and a diorganopolysiloxane (silicone macromonomer) having a radically polymerizable functional group-containing organic group at one end are copolymerized in an emulsion system. A method for preparing silicone-containing rubber particles is described. These particles are used for the purpose of imparting lubricity to thermoplastic resins.
- silicone particles which are used in resins and cosmetics, are discarded in the environment, they are extremely difficult to recover due to their extremely small particle size. It is possible that it may leak. Since silicone particles that have flowed into inland water or the ocean do not have a decomposition structure within their particle structure, they are expected to remain in the environment without environmental degradation.
- microplastics in the ocean have the property of adsorbing harmful substances and pathogenic bacteria in the environment, and there are concerns that they will adversely affect the ecosystem, and there is a movement to regulate microplastics.
- silicone rubber particles that do not decompose in the environment after use and remain as particles (solids).
- the crosslinked structure of the rubber particles must be decomposed (cut) in the environment. must introduce a structure containing a degradable functional group.
- Patent Document 3 Specifically shown in Patent Document 3 are particles obtained by cross-linking polypropylene oxide containing both allyl groups with silicon-bonded hydrogen atom-containing organopolysiloxane, and hexadiene cross-linked with dimethylpolysiloxane/methylhydrogenpolysiloxane. These particles are poorly degradable because they do not contain degradable functional groups that are factors for their degradation in the environment. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide highly degradable rubber particles containing a polyorganosiloxane structure, composite particles, and methods for producing the same.
- the present invention provides the following rubber particles, composite particles and methods for producing them.
- a rubber particle comprising a polymer containing structural units derived from a silicone-polyester copolymer (A) having at least two radically polymerizable unsaturated groups in one molecule.
- the rubber particles according to [1], wherein the silicone-polyester copolymer (A) having at least two radically polymerizable unsaturated groups in one molecule is represented by general formula (1).
- R 1 is each independently an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- X is each independently General Formula (2), (2′) or ( 3), wherein m is a number of 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 1000, and n is a number of 0 ⁇ n ⁇ 1000.
- R 2 is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a heteroatom
- a is 1 ⁇ a ⁇ 30, 1 is a number ⁇ 1 ⁇ 10
- R 3 is a radically polymerizable functional group-containing organic group represented by general formula (4a), (4b), (4c) or (4d) is.
- R 4 is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a heteroatom
- b is a number satisfying 1 ⁇ b ⁇ 30, and k is 1 ⁇ k ⁇
- step (i) adding and emulsifying an aqueous phase component containing a surfactant to an oil phase component containing a silicone-polyester copolymer (A) having at least two radically polymerizable unsaturated groups in one molecule; in the step (ii) of obtaining an O/W emulsion, component (A) in the oil phase component of the emulsion is cured by radical polymerization in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator (B) to obtain an aqueous dispersion of rubber particles ( Step (iii) of obtaining rubber particles by drying and removing water, which is a continuous phase, from the aqueous dispersion (C) of rubber particles obtained in step (ii).
- the rubber particles and composite particles of the present invention contain a polyester structure, which is a degradable functional group, in the particles, and have degradability because the crosslinked structure is cut in an environment in which moisture exists.
- particles having a poly- ⁇ -caprolactone structure as a skeleton for recognizing microorganisms as the polyester structure in the particles are expected to have the environmental degradability of rubber particles. Therefore, the rubber particles and composite particles of the present invention are particles having degradability, and are expected as materials for reducing environmental load.
- FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph of rubber particles obtained in Example 5.
- FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph of composite particles obtained in Example 6.
- FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph of rubber particles obtained in Example 5.
- the rubber particles of the present invention are rubber particles made of a polymer containing structural units derived from a silicone-polyester copolymer (A) having at least two radically polymerizable unsaturated groups in one molecule
- the composite particles of the invention are particles obtained by coating the surfaces of the rubber particles with polyorganosilsesquioxane and/or silica.
- the "silicone-polyester copolymer (A) having at least two radically polymerizable unsaturated groups in one molecule” may be simply referred to as "(A) component".
- the shape of the rubber particles of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably spherical.
- the term "spherical" does not mean only that the particle shape is a true sphere, but the average aspect ratio (length of the longest axis/length of the shortest axis) is usually 1 to 4, preferably is meant to also include modified ellipsoids in the range 1 to 2, more preferably 1 to 1.6, even more preferably 1 to 1.4.
- the shape of the particles can be confirmed, for example, by observation using an optical microscope or an electron microscope, and the aspect ratio is obtained by measuring the lengths of the longest axis and the shortest axis of 100 particles arbitrarily from the micrograph, and calculating the average value. This is a calculated value.
- the volume average particle size of the rubber particles is preferably 0.1-50 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5-40 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 1-20 ⁇ m.
- the volume average particle diameter of the rubber particles is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, the fluidity of the particles is low and the cohesiveness is high. Moreover, when coating with polyorganosilsesquioxane and/or silica, it becomes difficult to coat uniformly. If the volume average particle size of the rubber particles is more than 50 ⁇ m, the smoothness may be lowered and a rough feeling may occur.
- the particle size is the volume average particle size measured by the electrical resistance method.
- the rubber which is a component of the rubber particles, does not have tack
- the rubber hardness is preferably 5 to 90 as measured by an Asker rubber hardness tester C type specified in the Standards of the Rubber Society of Japan (SRIS), and more. Preferably 20-85, even more preferably 40-85. If the rubber hardness is less than 5, the cohesiveness increases and the dispersibility deteriorates. On the other hand, if the rubber hardness exceeds 90, there is a possibility that the soft feeling may be deteriorated.
- the rubber particles of the present invention are produced by reacting a liquid composition containing a silicone-polyester copolymer (A) having at least two radically polymerizable unsaturated groups in one molecule in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator (B). Radical polymerized particles are preferred.
- the polyester structure of the silicone-polyester copolymer (A) having at least two radically polymerizable unsaturated groups in one molecule is preferably aliphatic polyester, which is considered to be highly degradable.
- aliphatic polyesters include poly- ⁇ -caprolactone, poly- ⁇ -propiolactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, polylactic acid, polyhydroxybutyrate, polyglycolic acid, polyethylene adipate, polyhydroxybutyric acid, polyethylene succinate, polybutylene succinate.
- Poly- ⁇ -caprolactone structure is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of degradability and ease of handling.
- the structure of the silicone-polyester copolymer (A) having at least two radically polymerizable unsaturated groups in one molecule is preferably a structure represented by the following general formula (1).
- each R 1 is independently an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- X is each independently a polyester structure-containing group represented by general formula (2), (2') or (3), and m and n are numbers of 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 1000 and 0 ⁇ n ⁇ 1000, respectively.
- R 1 examples include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group, tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group, hexadecyl group and heptadecyl.
- alkyl groups such as groups, octadecyl groups, nonadecyl groups, icosyl groups, henicosyl groups, docosyl groups, tricosyl groups, tetracosyl groups, and triacontyl groups; aryl groups such as phenyl groups, tolyl groups, and naphthyl groups; aralkyl group; cycloalkyl group such as cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group; ) and/or a hydrocarbon group substituted with a substituent such as an acryloyloxy group, a methacryloyloxy group, an epoxy group, a glycidoxy group, or a carboxyl group.
- aryl groups such as phenyl groups, tolyl groups, and naphthyl groups
- aralkyl group such as cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl
- X is a polyester structure-containing group represented by the following formula (2), (2') or (3).
- each R 2 is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a heteroatom.
- the aliphatic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 2 is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably -(CH 2 ) x - (x is an integer of 1 to 10 ), and when these aliphatic groups have a hetero atom, some carbon atoms in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group are at least one hetero atom such as an oxygen atom and a nitrogen atom Atomically substituted groups are included.
- each R 3 is a radically polymerizable functional group-containing organic group represented by formula (4a), (4b), (4c) or (4d) below.
- a is 1 ⁇ a ⁇ 30, preferably 2 ⁇ a ⁇ 10.
- l is 1 ⁇ l ⁇ 10, preferably 1 ⁇ l ⁇ 6.
- R 4 is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a heteroatom. is the residue of a modified silicone containing active hydrogens, which is the starting material of .
- the aliphatic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 4 is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably -(CH 2 ) x - (x is an integer of 1 to 10 ), and when these aliphatic groups have a heteroatom, some carbon atoms of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group are at least one heteroatom such as an oxygen atom and a nitrogen atom A group substituted with is mentioned.
- R 5 is a radically polymerizable functional group-containing organic group represented by the following formula (5a) or (5b).
- b satisfies 1 ⁇ b ⁇ 30, preferably 2 ⁇ b ⁇ 10.
- k is 1 ⁇ k ⁇ 10, preferably 1 ⁇ k ⁇ 6.
- R 6 in formulas (4a), (4b), (4c), (4d), (5a) and (5b) each independently has 1 to 1 unsubstituted or substituted carbon atoms optionally having a heteroatom 20 hydrocarbon groups, specifically residues derived from the following polymerizable monomers.
- the polymerizable monomer include the following hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylic acid esters, isocyanate group-containing (meth)acrylic acid esters, and the like.
- hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylic acid esters include hydroxyalkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, such as hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylic acid esters and hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylic acid esters; carboxyethyl acrylate; , (meth)acryloyloxyethyl succinic acid, and carboxy (meth)acrylates such as (meth)acryloyloxyethyl phthalate.
- isocyanate group-containing monomers examples include isocyanatoethyl (meth)acrylate, isocyanatopropyl (meth)acrylate, isocyanatobutyl (meth)acrylate, and isocyanatohexyl (meth)acrylate.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms represented by R 6 is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably -(CH 2 ) y - (y is an integer of 1 to 8 ), and when these aliphatic groups have a hetero atom, some carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group are substituted with at least one hetero atom such as an oxygen atom and a nitrogen atom and the groups described above.
- R 7 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1-3 carbon atoms. Hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms include methyl group, ethyl group and propyl group, and R 7 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Y is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms which may have a heteroatom.
- the aliphatic group is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, specifically a residue derived from the following dicarboxylic acids.
- dicarboxylic acids examples include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, tridecanedioic acid, tetradecanedioic acid, hexadecane.
- Component (A) can be produced by ring-opening polymerization of cyclic- ⁇ -caprolactone using modified silicone containing active hydrogen such as carbinol-modified silicone, carboxy-modified silicone and amino-modified silicone as a starting material.
- modified silicone containing active hydrogen such as carbinol-modified silicone, carboxy-modified silicone and amino-modified silicone as a starting material.
- polymerizable monomer having a radically polymerizable unsaturated group a hydroxyalkyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid is preferable because of its availability, cost, stability during reaction, and excellent reaction rate.
- reaction conditions in this production method include the following, but are not limited to this production method.
- Poly- ⁇ -caprolactone-modified silicone is obtained by adding, for example, 4 equivalents of ⁇ -caprolactone to 1 equivalent of modified silicone containing active hydrogen, such as carbinol-modified silicone, and reacting at 110° C. for 2 hours under a known ring-opening polymerization catalyst.
- component (A) When a carbinol-modified silicone is used as a starting material, examples of component (A) include those represented by the following formulas (9a) to (9c) (because of the symmetrical structure, one end is shown).
- each R 8 is independently an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms are the same as those for R 1 , preferably a methyl group.
- Y is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms which may have a heteroatom, and specific examples thereof are the same as those in the above formula (4d).
- p and q are respectively 0 ⁇ p ⁇ 1000 and 1 ⁇ q ⁇ 30, preferably 1 ⁇ p ⁇ 500 and 2 ⁇ q ⁇ 10.
- the (A) component includes, for example, those represented by the following formula (10) (because of the symmetrical structure, one end is shown).
- each R 8 is independently an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms are the same as those for R 1 , preferably a methyl group.
- o, p and q are 0 ⁇ o ⁇ 10, 0 ⁇ p ⁇ 1000 and 1 ⁇ q ⁇ 30, preferably 1 ⁇ o ⁇ 10, 1 ⁇ p ⁇ 500 and 2 ⁇ q ⁇ 10.
- the (A) component includes, for example, those represented by the following formulas (11a) to (11f) (because of the symmetrical structure, one end is shown).
- each R 8 is independently an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms are the same as those for R 1 , preferably a methyl group.
- Y is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms which may have a heteroatom, and specific examples thereof are the same as those in the above formula (4d).
- p and q are 0 ⁇ p ⁇ 1000 and 1 ⁇ q ⁇ 30, preferably 1 ⁇ p ⁇ 500 and 2 ⁇ q ⁇ 10.
- Another method for producing component (A) includes a method of subjecting a poly- ⁇ -caprolactone-modified (meth)acrylate represented by the following formula (12) to an esterification reaction with the carboxy-modified silicone.
- a poly- ⁇ -caprolactone-modified (meth)acrylate represented by the following formula (12) examples include PLAXEL FA2D, PLAXEL FA4DT, PLAXEL FA10L, PLAXEL FM2D, PLAXEL FM4 (all manufactured by Daicel Corporation). (r is a number of 1 ⁇ r ⁇ 10.)
- Examples of the method for producing component (A) using this poly- ⁇ -caprolactone-modified (meth)acrylate include the following, but are not limited to this production method. 1.0 to 1.25 mol of hydroxyl group of poly- ⁇ -caprolactone-modified (meth)acrylate (formula (12) above) per 1 mol of carboxy group of carboxy-modified silicone component, and 0.1 to 5 mol of esterification catalyst. .0 mol and stirred at 5-150° C. for 10-30 minutes (the temperature is selected depending on the catalyst used).
- 1.0 to 1.25 mol of a dehydration condensation agent is added thereto and reacted at 15 to 150° C. for 5 to 30 hours. After the reaction, the reaction product is filtered, washed with water, and/or adsorbed to remove by-products, and the solvent is distilled off to obtain component (A).
- Esterification catalysts include alcoholates, carboxylates, or chelates of titanium, zirconium, tin, aluminum and zinc, and Lewis acid catalysts such as boron trifluoride and boron trifluoride etherate; hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen bromide, acetic acid.
- trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, acid catalysts such as p-toluenesulfonic acid; pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), trimethyltriazacyclononane (TMTACN), triethylamine (TEA), 4-(N,N-dimethylamino) Amine-based catalysts such as pyridine (DMAP), 1,4-diazabicyclo(2,2,2) octane (DABCO), tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), etc., can be mentioned.
- An amine-based catalyst is preferable from the viewpoint of stability and economy.
- a dehydration condensation agent When using an amine-based catalyst, a dehydration condensation agent may be added to improve reaction efficiency.
- dehydration condensation agents can be used, for example, 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), 1-ethyl- 3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC ⁇ HCl), and 1-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]- Examples include, but are not limited to, 1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxide hexafluorophosphate (HATU).
- CDI 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole
- DCC N,
- the reaction product is filtered, washed with water, and / or the method of removing the by-product in the adsorption step and distilling off the solvent may be according to a conventional method.
- Hydrophobic organic solvents may also be used. Although the hydrophobic organic solvent is not particularly limited, toluene, hexane, and ethyl acetate are preferable from the viewpoint of solubility.
- the adsorption step is a step for adsorption, dehydration, decolorization, and deodorization of the hydrochloride of the base that cannot be completely removed in the water washing step.
- Adsorbents that can be used may be known ones, and a plurality of them may be used in combination. Desirable adsorbents include desiccants such as magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate, activated carbon, and Kyoward series (manufactured by Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).
- Component (A) is preferably liquid, and preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 200 to 10,000, more preferably 300 to 5,000, as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). If the molecular weight is less than 200, the degradability may deteriorate, and if it exceeds 10,000, it may become difficult to prepare rubber particles.
- the silicone-polyester copolymer (A) having at least two radically polymerizable unsaturated groups in one molecule is preferably represented by general formula (6) because of its ease of production.
- R 5 is each independently a radically polymerizable functional group-containing organic group represented by formula (5a) or (5b).
- Each R 8 is independently an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. Specific examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms are the same as those for R 1 , preferably a methyl group.
- o, p and q are 0 ⁇ o ⁇ 10, 0 ⁇ p ⁇ 1000 and 1 ⁇ q ⁇ 30, preferably 1 ⁇ o ⁇ 10, 1 ⁇ p ⁇ 500 and 2 ⁇ q ⁇ 10 respectively.
- the rubber particles of the present invention can be produced, for example, by a method having the following steps (i) to (iii).
- An aqueous phase component containing a surfactant is added to an oil phase component containing a silicone-polyester copolymer (A) having at least two radically polymerizable unsaturated groups in one molecule and stirred to obtain O / W type emulsion is prepared.
- the component (A) is cured by radical polymerization in the presence of the radical polymerization initiator (B) to obtain an aqueous dispersion (C) of rubber particles.
- Rubber particles are obtained by drying and removing the water, which is the continuous phase, of the aqueous dispersion (C) of rubber particles obtained in step (ii).
- the surfactant used in step (i) is not particularly limited, and may be a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, or an amphoteric surfactant. These can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types as appropriate.
- nonionic surfactants used here include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid.
- Ester polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene castor oil, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene alkylamines, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amides, polyoxyethylene-modified organopolysiloxanes, polyoxyethylenepolyoxypropylene-modified organopolysiloxanes, and the like.
- anionic surfactants include alkyl sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, and polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers.
- Sulfonates Alkyldiphenylether disulfonates, Alkanesulfonates, N-Acyl taurate, Dialkylsulfosuccinates, Monoalkylsulfosuccinates, Polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfosuccinates, Fatty acid salts, Polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers carboxylates, N-acylamino acid salts, monoalkyl phosphate salts, dialkyl phosphate salts, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate salts and the like.
- Cationic surfactants include alkyltrimethylammonium salts, dialkyldimethylammonium salts, polyoxyethylenealkyldimethylammonium salts, dipolyoxyethylenealkylmethylammonium salts, tripolyoxyethylenealkylammonium salts, alkylbenzyldimethylammonium salts, and alkylpyridinium salts. salts, monoalkylamine salts, monoalkylamidoamine salts and the like.
- Amphoteric surfactants include alkyldimethylamine oxide, alkyldimethylcarboxybetaine, alkylamidopropyldimethylcarboxybetaine, alkylhydroxysulfobetaine, alkylcarboxymethylhydroxyethylimidazolinium betaine, and the like.
- a nonionic surfactant is preferable because it can emulsify the oil phase component in a small amount and form fine particles.
- the amount of surfactant added is preferably 0.01 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 10 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the emulsion. If the amount is less than 0.01 parts by mass, problems such as inability to emulsify and inability to form fine particles arise. Even if the amount is more than 20 parts by mass, the particle size cannot be reduced and the dispersibility of the rubber particles cannot be improved. On the other hand, if it is more than 20 parts by mass, it becomes difficult to coat the rubber particles with the polyorganosilsesquioxane and/or silica in the composite particle production step described later.
- the content of the silicone-polyester copolymer (A) having at least two radically polymerizable unsaturated groups in one molecule in this emulsion is 1 to 80 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the emulsion. Preferably, it is 10 to 60 parts by mass. If it is less than 1 part by mass, it is disadvantageous in terms of efficiency, and if it is more than 80 parts by mass, it becomes difficult to obtain an aqueous dispersion of rubber particles.
- - Radical polymerization initiator As the radical polymerization initiator for the component (B) in the radical polymerization of the component (A), a conventional radical polymerization initiator can be used. agents and the like can be used. However, even with the photopolymerization method, a certain amount of heat is generated by ultraviolet irradiation, etc., and a certain amount of heat is generated by the progress of the polymerization reaction, which is an exothermic reaction. can additionally be used.
- Thermal polymerization initiators include 2,2'-azobis-(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis-(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2'-azobisisobutyro nitrile, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, 2,2-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2-azobis-(N,N-dimethylene) isobutylamidine dihydrochloride, 2 - azo compounds such as (carbamoyl azo) isobutyronitrile, 2,2-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride, 4,4-azobis-(4-cyanovaleric acid); persulfates such as sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate; peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, t-butyl peroxide and methyl ethyl
- Photopolymerization initiators include diethoxyacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, benzyldimethylthal, 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl-(2-hydroxy)-2- acetophenone derivatives such as propyl ketone and 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone; benzoin alkyl ethers such as benzoin methyl ether, benzoyl ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether and benzoin isobutyl ether; methyl o-benzoylbenzoate, 4-phenylbenzophenone, 4- Benzophenone derivatives such as benzoyl-4'-methyl-diphenyl sulfide, (4-benzoylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride; thioxanthone compounds; bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphine oxide, diphenyl Acylphosphin
- redox polymerization initiators include systems in which the above persulfates or peroxides are used in combination with reducing compounds such as sulfites, L-ascorbic acid and ferrous salts.
- a thermal polymerization initiator and a photopolymerization initiator can also be used together.
- thermal polymerization or photopolymerization is preferred for the reasons of emulsion stability, which will be described later.
- the blending amount of component (B) is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass, based on the total amount of component (A).
- step (i) an O/W emulsion is prepared by adding an aqueous phase component containing a surfactant to the oil phase component containing the component (A) in the above-described formulation and stirring.
- the surfactant may be dissolved in water in advance and added to the oil phase component in the form of a solution, or water and the surfactant may be added to the oil phase component, respectively.
- the radical polymerization initiator of the component (B) may be blended with the oil phase component in the step (i), and the O obtained in the step (i) before the step (ii) described later.
- /W type emulsion may be added.
- a known emulsifying and dispersing machine may be used for emulsification.
- Common emulsifying and dispersing machines include high-speed rotary shearing stirrers such as Homomixer, high-speed centrifugal radial stirrers such as Homodisper, and homogenizers.
- high-pressure jet emulsifying disperser, a colloid mill, an ultrasonic emulsifier, and the like can be used.
- step (ii) In step (ii), in the O/W emulsion obtained in step (i), component (A) is radically polymerized in the presence of radical polymerization initiator (B) to form an aqueous dispersion of rubber particles ( C) is obtained.
- component (B) When component (B) is not added to the emulsion in step (i), component (B) is added in the above-described amount to the emulsion prior to step (ii).
- Component (A) in the oil phase component of the thus prepared emulsion can be cured by the above polymerization method to obtain a dispersion of rubber particles.
- the silicone-polyester copolymer is polymerized by redox polymerization at a temperature of 30 to 70° C.
- UV photo
- the light source and wavelength range used for UV irradiation may be those well known in the art.
- an aqueous dispersion (C) of rubber particles having a volume average particle diameter of 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m can be obtained.
- rubber particles can be obtained by drying and removing water, which is a continuous phase, from the resulting aqueous dispersion (C) of rubber particles. Drying removal of water from the aqueous dispersion (C) of rubber particles can be carried out, for example, by heating under normal pressure or reduced pressure. a method of removing moisture while stirring and fluidizing the dispersion under heating, a method of spraying and dispersing the dispersion in a hot air stream like a spray dryer, and a method of using a fluid heat medium. . As a pretreatment for this operation, the dispersion may be concentrated by a method such as dehydration by heating, separation by filtration, or decantation, or if necessary, the dispersion may be washed with water or alcohol.
- the shape of the polyorganosilsesquioxane and/or silica coating the surface of the composite particles is not particularly limited, but in the case of the production method described later, it is granular. Its particle size is preferably as small as possible, specifically 500 nm or less.
- the organosilsesquioxane and/or silica may cover part or all of the surface of the rubber particles, but it is preferable that the entire surfaces of the rubber particles are covered with almost no gaps. The coating state, shape and particle size can be confirmed by observing the particle surface with an electron microscope.
- the composite particles of the present invention can be produced, for example, by a method having the following steps (i) to (v).
- (i) By adding and emulsifying an aqueous phase component containing a surfactant to an oil phase component containing a silicone-polyester copolymer (A) having at least two radically polymerizable unsaturated groups in one molecule, O / W type emulsion is prepared.
- O / W type emulsion is prepared.
- the component (A) in the oil phase component of the O/W emulsion is cured by radical polymerization in the presence of the radical polymerization initiator (B) to obtain an aqueous dispersion (C) of rubber particles.
- Steps (i) and (ii) of the method for producing composite particles are the same as steps (i) and (ii) of the method for producing rubber particles. Further, in step (iii'), (D) water may be added as an optional component, and in step (iv), one or more selected from cationic surfactants and cationic water-soluble polymer compounds. may be blended.
- step (D) Water
- the water that can be added in step (iii′) is not particularly limited, and purified water or the like is used. This includes the water added by
- the amount of water as component (D) is preferably blended so that the concentration of rubber particles in the aqueous dispersion of rubber particles obtained in step (iii') is 1% by mass to 60% by mass.
- the alkaline substance added in step (iii') may be any substance as long as it acts as a catalyst for the hydrolytic condensation reaction of component (F), which will be described later.
- a commercially available ammonia aqueous solution may be used.
- the amount of component (E) added is preferably such that the aqueous dispersion obtained in step (iii') has a pH in the range of 9.0 to 13.0 at 25°C, more preferably 10.0 to 12.0. 5 range. If the pH is lower than 10.0, the hydrolytic condensation reaction of the component (F) described below will not proceed sufficiently, and if the pH is higher than 13.0, the hydrolysis rate of the component (F) described below will increase. As a result, a hydrolytic condensation reaction may occur at portions other than the surface of the rubber particles, resulting in poor coverage.
- step (F) one or more selected from organotrialkoxysilanes represented by general formula (7), tetraalkoxysilanes represented by general formula (8), and hydrolysates thereof
- Component (F) added in step (iv) is one selected from organotrialkoxysilanes represented by general formula (7), tetraalkoxysilanes represented by general formula (8), and hydrolysates thereof. That's it.
- R 9 is each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 10 is an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- each R 11 is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the polyorganosilsesquioxane and/or silica covering the rubber particles is the organotrialkoxysilane represented by the general formula (7), the tetraalkoxysilane represented by the general formula (8), and their is formed by adding one or more selected from the hydrolysates of
- R 9 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl.
- R 10 is an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group and butyl group; aryl groups such as phenyl and tolyl groups; vinyl groups and allyl groups.
- alkenyl groups such as; aralkyl groups such as ⁇ -phenylethyl group and ⁇ -phenylpropyl group; monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon groups such as chloromethyl group and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group; Examples include groups in which a valent hydrocarbon group is substituted with an epoxy group, amino group, mercapto group, acryloxy group, methacryloxy group, or the like.
- R 11 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof are the same as R 9 .
- Organotrialkoxysilanes and tetraalkoxysilanes used for the coating are specifically, for example, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, methyltributoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, propyltrimethoxysilane, butyl trimethoxysilane, N-( ⁇ -aminoethyl)- ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane , ⁇ -mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluorohexyltrimethoxys
- the amount of component (F) added is preferably 0.5 to 200 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the rubber particles in component (C).
- step (G) one or more selected from cationic surfactants and cationic water-soluble polymer compounds
- a cationic surfactant and a cation as component (G) together with component (F) described above You may mix
- the component (G) has the effect of promoting the condensation reaction of the hydrolyzed component (F) to produce polyorganosilsesquioxane and/or silica. It also has the effect of causing the generated polyorganosilsesquioxane and/or silica to be adsorbed on the surface of the rubber particles.
- Cationic surfactants include alkyltrimethylammonium salts, dialkyldimethylammonium salts, polyoxyethylenealkyldimethylammonium salts, dipolyoxyethylenealkylmethylammonium salts, tripolyoxyethylenealkylammonium salts, alkylbenzyldimethylammonium salts, and alkylpyridinium salts. salts, monoalkylamine salts, monoalkylamidoamine salts and the like. Among these, alkyltrimethylammonium salts are preferred, and lauryltrimethylammonium salts and cetyltrimethylammonium salts are more preferred.
- cationic water-soluble polymer compounds include polymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride, polymers of vinylimidazoline, polymers of methylvinylimidazolium chloride, polymers of ethyltrimethylammonium acrylate chloride, and ethyltrimethylammonium methacrylate.
- Chloride Polymer Acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium Chloride Polymer, Methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium Chloride Polymer, Epichlorohydrin/Dimethylamine Polymer, Ethyleneimine Polymer, Quaternized Ethyleneimine Polymer, Allylamine Hydrochloride polymers, polylysine, cationic starch, cationized cellulose, chitosan, and their derivatives obtained by copolymerizing these with monomers having nonionic or anionic groups. Among these, a polymer of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride is preferred.
- the amount of component (G) to be added is preferably 0.001 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.005 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of water in the aqueous dispersion obtained in step (iii'). Range. If the added amount is more than 2 parts by mass, there is a possibility that polyorganosilsesquioxane and/or silica that are not coated on the surface of the rubber particles may occur.
- Step (iii') In step (iii'), the above-mentioned amount of alkaline substance (E) is added to the aqueous dispersion (C) of rubber particles obtained in step (ii).
- the method of adding component (E) is not particularly limited, and component (E) may be mixed with the aqueous dispersion (C) of rubber particles obtained in step (ii) so that component (E) is uniformly dissolved.
- step (iv) one selected from (F) organotrialkoxysilanes, tetraalkoxysilanes, and hydrolysates thereof is added to the aqueous rubber particle dispersion obtained in step (iii′) to which the alkaline substance has been added.
- organotrialkoxysilanes tetraalkoxysilanes
- hydrolysates thereof is added to the aqueous rubber particle dispersion obtained in step (iii′) to which the alkaline substance has been added.
- the (F) component organotrialkoxysilane, tetraalkoxysilane, and hydrolyzate thereof are preferably added under stirring using an ordinary stirrer such as a propeller blade or flat plate blade.
- Organotrialkoxysilanes, tetraalkoxysilanes and hydrolysates thereof are preferably added over a period of time, and the dropping time is preferably 1 minute to 6 hours, more preferably 10 minutes to 3 hours.
- the temperature in the system during dropping is preferably 0 to 60°C, more preferably 0 to 40°C.
- the surfaces of the rubber particles can be coated with polyorganosilsesquioxane and/or silica.
- step (v) After completion of the hydrolysis and condensation reaction in step (iv), composite particles can be obtained by drying and removing the water, which is the continuous phase, from the obtained aqueous dispersion of the composite particles of the present invention.
- Water can be removed, for example, by heating the water dispersion after the reaction under normal pressure or under reduced pressure. Examples include a method of removing water while stirring and fluidizing the dispersion under heating, a method of spraying and dispersing the dispersion in a hot air current like a spray dryer, and a method of using a fluidized heat medium.
- the dispersion may be concentrated by a method such as heat dehydration, filtration separation, centrifugation, or decantation, or if necessary, the dispersion may be washed with water or alcohol.
- the product obtained by drying and removing water from the aqueous dispersion after the reaction is agglomerated, crush it with a pulverizer such as a jet mill, ball mill, or hammer mill to reduce the rubber particle surface.
- a pulverizer such as a jet mill, ball mill, or hammer mill to reduce the rubber particle surface.
- Composite particles coated with polyorganosilsesquioxane and/or silica can be obtained.
- kinematic viscosity is a value measured at 25°C
- % representing concentration and content indicates "% by mass”.
- the penetration of cured rubber is a value measured in accordance with the Standards of the Rubber Society of Japan (SRIS).
- SRIS Standards of the Rubber Society of Japan
- the molecular weight of component (A) is the weight average molecular weight measured by GPC using polystyrene as a standard substance under the following conditions.
- This emulsion was transferred to a glass flask with a capacity of 1 L equipped with a stirring device using an anchor-shaped stirring blade, and after adding 158.2 g of water, the temperature was adjusted to 52° C. and stirred for 20 hours to obtain an aqueous dispersion of rubber particles. .
- the hardness of the rubber composing the rubber particles was measured as follows. Poly- ⁇ -caprolactone acrylate-modified silicone 1 and 2,2'-azobis-(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were mixed in the above proportions and poured into an aluminum petri dish to a thickness of 10 mm. After standing at 70°C for 30 minutes, a non-sticky (tacky) flat rubber was obtained. The hardness of this flat rubber was 71 when measured with an Asker C hardness tester.
- aqueous dispersion of rubber particles was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. 357 g of the resulting aqueous dispersion of rubber particles was transferred to a 1 L glass flask equipped with a stirring device using an anchor-type stirring blade, and 489.6 g of water, 15.92 g of a 28% aqueous ammonia solution, and a 40% dimethyldiallylammonium chloride polymer were added. 0.344 g of an aqueous solution (trade name: ME Polymer H40W, manufactured by Toho Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was added. The pH of the liquid at this time was 11.3.
- methyltrimethoxysilane an amount of 8.7 parts by mass of polymethylsilsesquioxane after hydrolysis and condensation reaction per 100 parts by mass of rubber particles. The mixture was added dropwise over 20 minutes, during which the liquid temperature was maintained at 5 to 10° C., and stirring was continued for an additional hour. Then, the mixture was heated to 55 to 60° C. and stirred for 1 hour while maintaining the temperature to complete the hydrolysis and condensation reaction of methyltrimethoxysilane.
- the liquid obtained by hydrolyzing and condensing methyltrimethoxysilane in the aqueous dispersion of rubber particles was dehydrated to about 30% water content using a pressure filter.
- the dehydrated matter was transferred to a 2 L glass flask equipped with a stirring device using an anchor-type stirring blade, 1000 g of water was added, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and then dehydrated using a pressure filter.
- the dehydrated matter was again transferred to a 2-liter glass flask equipped with an anchor-shaped stirring blade stirrer, 1000 g of water was added, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and then dehydrated using a pressure filter.
- the dehydrated material was dried at a temperature of 105° C. in a hot air fluidized dryer, and the dried material was pulverized by a jet mill to obtain fluid particles.
- the resulting composite particles were dispersed in water using a surfactant and measured using an electrical resistance particle size distribution analyzer (Multisizer 3, manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.).
- the volume average particle diameter was 8 ⁇ m, which was equivalent to the aqueous dispersion of rubber particles.
- the flat rubber sample left still in the constant temperature and humidity chamber of Example 1 has a poly- ⁇ -caprolactone structure, and the rubber hardness is reduced in a hot and humid environment with a temperature of 70° C. and a humidity of 90%. Therefore, it is presumed to have hydrolyzability.
- the flat rubber sample of Comparative Example 1 does not use a component having a hydrolyzable functional group such as polyester as a rubber component, and has a constant rubber hardness even in a hot and humid environment. Therefore, it is presumed that it does not have degradability. Since the rubber hardness of the flat rubber sample left still in the 70° C. dryer of Example 1 did not decrease, it is presumed that decomposition would not occur unless moisture was present.
- Biodegradability evaluation of poly- ⁇ -caprolactone acrylate-modified silicone 1 Biodegradability was evaluated by the degree of biodegradation. Biodegradability was measured by a method using activated sludge according to OECD 301F. Activated sludge from a municipal sewage treatment plant was used, and the concentration of suspended solids was 2400 mg/L. Using sodium benzoate as a reference substance, the biodegradability was calculated based on the following formula.
- BOD biochemical oxygen consumption of test suspension or operating control (measured in mg)
- B Mean biochemical oxygen consumption of inoculum blank (measured: mg)
- TOD Theoretical oxygen consumption required if the test substance or sodium benzoate were completely oxidized (calculated: mg)
- Composite particles coated with polyorganosilsesquioxane were obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 from the aqueous dispersion of rubber particles obtained in Example 5.
- the resulting composite particles were dispersed in water using a surfactant and measured using an electrical resistance particle size distribution analyzer (Multisizer 3, manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.).
- the volume average particle diameter was 5.0 ⁇ m, which was the same as the aqueous dispersion of rubber particles.
- the rubber particles and composite particles of the present invention are expected to be particularly useful for cosmetics and the like. Since the particles produced in Example 6 have more poly- ⁇ -caprolactone structures in the molecule than the particles produced in Example 2, they are expected to exhibit higher decomposition properties.
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Abstract
Description
したがって、本発明は、高い分解性を有する、ポリオルガノシロキサン構造を含むゴム粒子、複合粒子、及びそれらの製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
[1]
一分子中に少なくとも2個のラジカル重合可能な不飽和基を有するシリコーン-ポリエステル共重合体(A)に由来する構成単位を含有する重合体からなるゴム粒子。
[2]
一分子中に少なくとも2個のラジカル重合可能な不飽和基を有するシリコーン-ポリエステル共重合体(A)が一般式(1)で示されるものである、[1]に記載のゴム粒子。
[3]
一分子中に少なくとも2個のラジカル重合可能な不飽和基を有するシリコーン-ポリエステル共重合体(A)が一般式(6)で示される、[1]又は[2]に記載のゴム粒子。
粒子形状が球状で、体積平均粒径が0.1~50μmである、[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載のゴム粒子。
[5]
[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載のゴム粒子の表面に、ポリオルガノシルセスキオキサン及び/又はシリカが被覆されている複合粒子。
[6]
下記(i)~(iii)の工程を有する[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載のゴム粒子を製造する方法。
(i)一分子中に少なくとも2個のラジカル重合可能な不飽和基を有するシリコーン-ポリエステル共重合体(A)を含む油相成分に、界面活性剤を含む水相成分を添加し乳化することで、O/W型エマルションを得る工程
(ii)エマルションの油相成分中の(A)成分をラジカル重合開始剤(B)存在下でラジカル重合することにより硬化させ、ゴム粒子の水分散液(C)を得る工程
(iii)工程(ii)で得られたゴム粒子の水分散液(C)から連続相である水を乾燥除去させることにより、ゴム粒子を得る工程
[7]
下記(i)~(v)の工程を有する[5]に記載の複合粒子を製造する方法。
(i)一分子中に少なくとも2個のラジカル重合可能な不飽和基を有するシリコーン-ポリエステル共重合体(A)を含む油相成分に、界面活性剤を含む水相成分を添加し乳化することで、O/W型エマルションを得る工程
(ii)エマルションの油相成分中の(A)成分をラジカル重合開始剤(B)存在下でラジカル重合することにより硬化させ、ゴム粒子の水分散液(C)を得る工程
(iii’)工程(ii)で得られたゴム粒子の水分散液(C)にアルカリ性物質(E)を添加する工程
(iv)工程(iii’)で得られたアルカリ性物質を添加したゴム粒子水分散液に、
下記一般式(7):
で表されるオルガノトリアルコキシシラン、
一般式(8):
Si(OR11)4 -(8)
(式(8)中、R11はそれぞれ独立に炭素数が1~6の一価炭化水素基である。)
で表されるテトラアルコキシシラン、
及びそれらの加水分解物から選ばれる一種以上(F)を添加し、縮合反応させることにより、ゴム粒子の表面を、ポリオルガノシルセスキオキサン及び/又はシリカで被覆し、複合粒子の水分散液を得る工程
(v)工程(iv)で得られた複合粒子の水分散液から連続相である水を乾燥除去させることにより、複合粒子を得る工程
したがって、本発明のゴム粒子及び複合粒子は、分解性を有する粒子であり、環境負荷低減材料として期待される。
本発明のゴム粒子は一分子中に少なくとも2個のラジカル重合可能な不飽和基を有するシリコーン-ポリエステル共重合体(A)に由来する構成単位を含有する重合体からなるゴム粒子であり、本発明の複合粒子は、該ゴム粒子の表面をポリオルガノシルセスキオキサン及び/又はシリカで被覆した粒子である。
本明細書において、「一分子中に少なくとも2個のラジカル重合可能な不飽和基を有するシリコーン-ポリエステル共重合体(A)」を単に「(A)成分」という場合がある。
本発明のゴム粒子の形状は特に限定されないが、球状が好ましい。本発明において、「球状」とは、粒子形状が真球のみを指すのではなく、アスペクト比(最長軸の長さ/最短軸の長さ)の値が平均して、通常1~4、好ましくは、1~2、より好ましくは、1~1.6、さらにより好ましくは、1~1.4の範囲にある、変形した楕円体も含むことを意味する。粒子の形状は、例えば光学顕微鏡や電子顕微鏡を用いて観察することで確認でき、アスペクト比は顕微鏡写真から任意に100個の粒子の最長軸及び最短軸の長さをそれぞれ計測し、平均値として算出した値である。
式(2)及び(2’)中、それぞれ、R3は下記式(4a)、(4b)、(4c)又は(4d)で表されるラジカル重合性官能基含有有機基である。
また、式(2)及び(2’)中、それぞれ、aは1≦a≦30で、好ましくは2≦a≦10である。式(2)及び(2’)中、それぞれ、lは1≦l≦10で、好ましくは1≦l≦6である。
式(3)中、R5は下記式(5a)又は(5b)で表されるラジカル重合性官能基含有有機基である。
また、式(3)中、bは1≦b≦30で、好ましくは2≦b≦10である。式(3)中、kは1≦k≦10で、好ましくは1≦k≦6である。
イソシアネート基含有モノマーとしては、例えばイソシアネートエチル(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、イソシアネートプロピル(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、イソシアネートブチル(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、イソシアネートヘキシル(メタ)アクリル酸エステルなどが挙げられる。
R6で表される炭素数1~20の炭化水素基としては、炭素数1~8の脂肪族炭化水素基が好ましく、より好ましくは-(CH2)y-(yは1~8の整数)で表されるアルキレン基であり、これら脂肪族基がヘテロ原子を有する場合としては、前記炭化水素基の一部の炭素原子が、酸素原子及び窒素原子等の少なくとも1種のヘテロ原子で置換された基が挙げられる。
ジカルボン酸としては、例えばシュウ酸、マロン酸、コハク酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、ピメリン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、ウンデカン二酸、ドデカン二酸、トリデカン二酸、テトラデカン二酸、ヘキサデカン二酸、オクタデカン二酸、エイコサン二酸、メチルコハク酸、ジメチルマロン酸、3-メチルグルタル酸、エチルコハク酸、イソプロピルマロン酸、1,3-シクロペンタンジカルボン酸、1,2-シクロペンタンジカルボン酸、1,4-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸、1,2-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸、1,3-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸、1,4-シクロヘキサン二酢酸、1,3-シクロヘキサン二酢酸、1,2-シクロヘキサン二酢酸、1,1-シクロヘキサン二酢酸、ダイマー酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸等の脂肪族ジカルボン酸;フタル酸、テレフタル酸、イソフタル酸、フェニルマロン酸、ホモフタル酸、フェニルコハク酸、β-フェニルグルタル酸、α-フェニルアジピン酸、β-フェニルアジピン酸、ビフェニル-2,2’-ジカルボン酸、ビフェニル-4,4’-ジカルボン酸、ナフタレンジカルボン酸等の芳香族ジカルボン酸が挙げられる。
(A)成分の製造方法としては、例えばカルビノール変性シリコーン、カルボキシ変性シリコーン及びアミノ変性シリコーン等の活性水素を含有する変性シリコーンを出発物質にして環状-ε-カプロラクトンを開環重合させることで得られるポリ-ε-カプロラクトン変性シリコーンに、ラジカル重合可能な不飽和基を有する重合性モノマーをエステル結合、エーテル結合、ウレタン結合、ウレア結合又はアミド結合、などを介して導入する方法が挙げられる。ラジカル重合可能な不飽和基を有する重合性モノマーとしては、入手のしやすさ、コストの面、反応時の安定性や反応率が優れる(メタ)アクリル酸のヒドロキシアルキルエステルが好ましい。この製造方法における反応条件としては、例えば下記が挙げられるが、この製造方法には限定されない。カルビノール変性シリコーン等の活性水素を含有する変性シリコーン1当量に、ε-カプロラクトンを例えば4当量加え、公知の開環重合触媒の下110℃で2時間反応させることでポリ-ε-カプロラクトン変性シリコーンを得る。得たポリ-ε-カプロラクトン変性シリコーンのカルボキシ基の1モルに、(メタ)アクリル酸の炭素数2~8のヒドロキシアルキルエステルの水酸基を1.0~1.25モル、エステル化触媒を0.1~5.0モル混合し、5~150℃で10~30分撹拌する(温度は使用する触媒により選択)。そこに任意で脱水縮合剤を1.0~1.25モルを添加し、15~150℃で5~30時間反応させる。反応後、反応生成物をろ過、水洗、及び/又は吸着工程にて副生成物を除去し、溶媒留去することで(A)成分を得ることができる。
吸着工程は、水洗工程で除去しきれない塩基の塩酸塩の吸着、脱水、脱色、脱臭のための工程である。使用できる吸着材は公知のものでよく、複数を組み合わせて使用してもよい。吸着材として好ましくは硫酸マグネシウム、硫酸ナトリウム等の乾燥剤、活性炭、キョーワードシリーズ(協和化学工業(株)製)である。
一分子中に少なくとも2個のラジカル重合可能な不飽和基を有するシリコーン-ポリエステル共重合体(A)は、製造のしやすさから、一般式(6)で示されるものが好ましい。
本発明のゴム粒子は、例えば、次の工程(i)~(iii)を有する方法により製造することができる。
(i)
一分子中に少なくとも2個のラジカル重合可能な不飽和基を有するシリコーン-ポリエステル共重合体(A)を含む油相成分に、界面活性剤を含む水相成分を添加し撹拌することで、O/W型エマルションを調製する。
(ii)
そのO/W型エマルションの油相成分中で(A)成分を、ラジカル重合開始剤(B)存在下でラジカル重合することにより硬化させ、ゴム粒子の水分散液(C)を得る。
(iii)
工程(ii)で得られたゴム粒子の水分散液(C)の連続相である水を乾燥除去させることにより、ゴム粒子を得る。
・一分子中に少なくとも2個のラジカル重合可能な不飽和基を有するシリコーン-ポリエステル共重合体(A)
一分子中に少なくとも2個のラジカル重合可能な不飽和基を有するシリコーン-ポリエステル共重合体(A)としては、具体的には、前述したものと同様のものが使用できる。
工程(i)で用いられる界面活性剤は、特に限定されず、非イオン性界面活性剤、アニオン性界面活性剤、カチオン性界面活性剤、又は両イオン性界面活性剤である。これらは1種単独で、又は2種以上を適宜組み合わせて用いることができる。
(A)成分をラジカル重合する際の(B)成分のラジカル重合開始剤としては通常のラジカル重合開始剤を用いることができ、重合方法によって、熱重合開始剤、光重合開始剤又はレドックス重合開始剤などを用いることができる。但し、光重合方法によっても、紫外線照射などによって一定量の熱が生じ、また、発熱反応である重合反応の進行によってある程度の熱が発生するので、光重合方法を用いる場合にも熱重合開始剤が追加的に用いられ得る。
(A)成分の重合方法としては、後述のエマルション安定性の理由から熱重合法又は光重合法が好ましい。
工程(i)では、(A)成分を含む油相成分に、界面活性剤を含む水相成分を前述した配合で添加し撹拌することで、O/W型エマルションを調製する。
界面活性剤は、予め水に溶解した溶液の形態で油相成分に添加しても、水と界面活性剤とをそれぞれ油相成分に添加してもよい。
また、(B)成分のラジカル重合開始剤は、本工程(i)で油相成分に配合してもよく、また、後述する工程(ii)の前に本工程(i)で得られたO/W型エマルションに添加してもよい。
乳化を行うには、公知の乳化分散機を用いればよく、一般的な乳化分散機としては、ホモミキサー等の高速回転剪断型撹拌機、ホモディスパー等の高速遠心放射型撹拌機、ホモジナイザー等の高圧噴射式乳化分散機、コロイドミル、超音波乳化機等が挙げられる。
工程(ii)では、工程(i)で得られたO/W型エマルション中で、(A)成分をラジカル重合開始剤(B)存在下でラジカル重合することにより、ゴム粒子の水分散液(C)を得る。
工程(i)で(B)成分をエマルションに配合しない場合は、本工程(ii)に供する前に、上述した量の(B)成分をエマルションに配合する。
このようにして調製したエマルションの油相成分中の(A)成分は、前記重合法により硬化させることで、ゴム粒子の分散液を得ることができる。例えば、前記シリコーン-ポリエステル共重合体の重合は、30~70℃の温度で2~24時間重合するレドックス重合、30~80℃の温度で10~24時間重合する熱重合又は光(UV)重合を通じて行われ得る。光重合法の場合、UV照射時に使用する光源及び波長範囲も当業界によく知られた公知のものを使用することができる。この方法により体積平均粒径が0.1~50μmであるゴム粒子の水分散液(C)を得ることができる。
工程(iii)では、得られたゴム粒子の水分散液(C)から連続相である水を乾燥除去することにより、ゴム粒子を得ることができる。ゴム粒子の水分散液(C)からの水の乾燥除去は、例えば、常圧下又は減圧下に加熱することにより行うことができ、具体的には、分散液を加熱下で静置して水分を除去する方法、分散液を加熱下で撹拌流動させながら水分を除去する方法、スプレードライヤーのように熱風気流中に分散液を噴霧、分散させる方法、流動熱媒体を利用する方法等が挙げられる。なお、この操作の前処理として、加熱脱水、濾過分離、デカンテーション等の方法で分散液を濃縮してもよいし、必要ならば分散液を水やアルコールで洗浄してもよい。
複合粒子の表面に被覆しているポリオルガノシルセスキオキサン及び/又はシリカは、その形状は特に限定されないが、後記の製造方法の場合、粒状となる。その粒径は小さい方が好ましく、具体的には500nm以下である。オルガノシルセスキオキサン及び/又はシリカは、ゴム粒子表面の一部又は全部でもよいが、ゴム粒子表面全体に渡り、おおよそ隙間なく被覆されていることが好ましい。なお、被覆の状態、形状及び粒径は、粒子表面を電子顕微鏡にて観察することにより確認することができる。
本発明の複合粒子は、例えば、次の工程(i)~(v)を有する方法により製造することができる。
(i)
一分子中に少なくとも2個のラジカル重合可能な不飽和基を有するシリコーン-ポリエステル共重合体(A)を含む油相成分に、界面活性剤を含む水相成分を添加し乳化することで、O/W型エマルションを調製する。
(ii)
そのO/W型エマルションの油相成分中の(A)成分を、ラジカル重合開始剤(B)存在下でラジカル重合することにより硬化させ、ゴム粒子の水分散液(C)を得る。
(iii’)
工程(ii)で得られたゴム粒子の水分散液(C)にアルカリ性物質(E)を添加する。
(iv)
工程(iii’)で得られたアルカリ性物質を添加したゴム粒子水分散液に、下記一般式(7)で表されるオルガノトリアルコキシシラン、下記一般式(8)で表されるテトラアルコキシシラン及びそれらの加水分解物から選ばれる一種以上(F)を添加し、縮合反応させることにより、ゴム粒子の表面をポリオルガノシルセスキオキサン及び/又はシリカで被覆し、複合粒子の水分散液を得る。
(v)
工程(iv)で得られた複合粒子の水分散液から連続相である水を乾燥除去させることにより、複合粒子を得る。
・(D)水
工程(iii’)で添加され得る水は特に限定されず、精製水等が用いられ、上記工程(ii)で得られたゴム粒子の水分散液中の水及び必要に応じて添加した水が含まれる。(D)成分の水の量は、工程(iii’)で得られるゴム粒子の水分散液中のゴム粒子濃度が1質量%~60質量%となるよう配合されることが好ましい。
工程(iii’)で添加されるアルカリ性物質は、後述する(F)成分の加水分解縮合反応の触媒として作用するものであれば、任意のものであってよいが具体的に、例えば、水酸化カリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化リチウム等のアルカリ金属水酸化物;水酸化カルシウム、水酸化バリウム等のアルカリ土類金属水酸化物;炭酸カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム等のアルカリ金属炭酸塩;アンモニア、モノメチルアミン、ジメチルアミン等のアミン類;テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド等の四級アンモニウムヒドロキシド等を用いることができ、より好ましくは、水溶性、触媒活性に優れ、揮発により除去が容易なアンモニアであり、これには一般に市販されているアンモニア水溶液を用いればよい。
工程(iv)で添加される(F)成分は、一般式(7)で表されるオルガノトリアルコキシシラン、一般式(8)で表されるテトラアルコキシシラン及びそれらの加水分解物から選ばれる一種以上である。
Si(OR11)4 -(8)
式(8)中、R11は、それぞれ独立に炭素数が1~6の一価炭化水素基である。
ゴム粒子を被覆するポリオルガノシルセスキオキサン及び/又はシリカは、ゴム粒子に既記の一般式(7)で示されるオルガノトリアルコキシシラン、一般式(8)で表されるテトラアルコキシシラン及びそれらの加水分解物から選ばれる一種以上を添加することで形成されるものである。
工程(iv)では、上述した(F)成分と共に、(G)成分として、カチオン性界面活性剤及びカチオン性水溶性高分子化合物から選ばれる1種以上を配合してもよい。
(G)成分は、加水分解した(F)成分の縮合反応を促進させ、ポリオルガノシルセスキオキサン及び/又はシリカを生成させる作用がある。また、生成したポリオルガノシルセスキオキサン及び/又はシリカをゴム粒子表面に吸着させる作用がある。
工程(iii’)では、工程(ii)で得られたゴム粒子の水分散液(C)に上述した量のアルカリ性物質(E)を添加する。(E)成分の添加方法は特に限られず、工程(ii)で得られたゴム粒子の水分散液(C)に、(E)成分が均一に溶解するよう混合すればよい。
工程(iv)では、工程(iii’)で得られたアルカリ性物質を添加したゴム粒子水分散液に、上述した(F)オルガノトリアルコキシシラン、テトラアルコキシシラン及びそれらの加水分解物から選ばれる一種以上を添加し、オルガノトリアルコキシシラン及び/又はテトラアルコキシシランを加水分解、縮合させることにより、ゴム粒子の表面をポリオルガノシルセスキオキサン及び/又はシリカで被覆する。具体的には、(C)ゴム粒子水分散液、(D)水(任意)に、(E)アルカリ性物質、(G)カチオン性界面活性剤及びカチオン性水溶性高分子化合物から選ばれる1種以上(任意)を溶解させた水溶液に、(F)オルガノトリアルコキシシラン、テトラアルコキシシラン及びそれらの加水分解物から選ばれる一種以上を添加し、加水分解、縮合させる。この縮合物、すなわちポリオルガノシルセスキオキサン及び/又はシリカは、ゴム粒子の表面を被覆し、複合粒子が形成される。
工程(iv)の加水分解、縮合反応完了後、得られた本発明の複合粒子の水分散液から連続相である水を乾燥除去することによって、複合粒子を得ることができる。水の除去は、例えば、反応後の水分散液を常圧下又は減圧下に加熱することにより行うことができ、具体的には、分散液を加熱下で静置して水分を除去する方法、分散液を加熱下で撹拌流動させながら水分を除去する方法、スプレードライヤーのように熱風気流中に分散液を噴霧、分散させる方法、流動熱媒体を利用する方法等が挙げられる。なお、この操作の前処理として、加熱脱水、濾過分離、遠心分離、デカンテーション等の方法で分散液を濃縮してもよいし、必要ならば分散液を水やアルコールで洗浄してもよい。
[測定条件]
展開溶媒:テトラヒドロフラン(THF)
流量:0.60mL/min
検出器:示差屈折率検出器(RI)
カラム:TSK Guardcolumn SuperH-H
TSKgel SuperHM-N
TSKgel SuperH2500
(いずれも東ソー社製)
カラム温度:40℃
試料注入量:50μL(濃度0.5質量%のTHF溶液)
攪拌機と、滴下ロートと、温度計と、冷却管とを備えた1リットルのガラスフラスコに、カルボキシ変性シリコーン(分子量1200、カルボキシ当量:0.187mol/100g)300g、ポリ-ε-カプロラクトンモノアクリレート(商品名:プラクセルFA2D、(株)ダイセル製、分子量344、水酸基価:0.291mol/100g)202.75g、脱水トルエン200g、及び4-ジメチルアミノピリジン(DMAP)6.85gを加え、氷浴下で10分混合し、ここにN,N’-ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド(DCC)168.9gを脱水トルエン173.63gに溶解させた溶液を滴下ロートで滴下し、滴下後室温(20℃±10℃、以下同じ)で20時間熟成させた。熟成後、トルエン200g、0.5M塩酸300gを加えて洗浄し、次いで炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、10%食塩水の順で水洗した。水洗後、硫酸マグネシウム、活性炭及びキョーワード700(協和化学工業(株)製)各10gを添加し、2時間振盪させた。振盪後、加圧ろ過により硫酸マグネシウム、活性炭及びキョーワード700を除き、重合禁止剤としてジブチルヒドロキシトルエン(BHT)を0.09g添加し、65℃、10mmHg以下の条件で溶媒留去することで、ポリ-ε-カプロラクトンアクリレート変性シリコーン1(下記式(13)、重量平均分子量:1672)を得た。
合成した上記のポリ-ε-カプロラクトンアクリレート変性シリコーン1を120gと、ラジカル重合開始剤の2,2’-アゾビス-(2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)0.9gを500mLの容器に仕込み、ホモミキサーを用いて1500rpmで撹拌溶解させた。次いで、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル1.8gと水42gを加え、ホモミキサーで、5000rpmで撹拌したところ、O/W型エマルションとなり増粘が認められ、更に10分撹拌を続けた。次いで、1500rpmで撹拌しながら、水77.1gで希釈し、白色のエマルションを得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ゴム粒子の水分散液を得た。得られたゴム粒子の水分散液357gを錨型撹拌翼による撹拌装置の付いた1Lのガラスフラスコに移し、水489.6g、28%アンモニア水溶液15.92g、及び40%ジメチルジアリルアンモニウムクロライド重合体水溶液(商品名:MEポリマーH40W、東邦化学工業(株)製)0.344gを添加した。このときの液のpHは11.3であった。5~10℃に温調した後、メチルトリメトキシシラン15.28g(ゴム粒子100質量部に対し、加水分解、縮合反応後のポリメチルシルセスキオキサンが8.7質量部となる量)を20分かけて滴下し、この間の液温を5~10℃に保ち、さらに1時間撹拌を継続させた。次いで、55~60℃まで加熱し、その温度を保ったまま1時間撹拌を行い、メチルトリメトキシシランの加水分解、縮合反応を完結させた。
下記式(14)で示される、動粘度が600mm2/sのメチルビニルポリシロキサン25gと、下記式(15)で示される、動粘度が27mm2/sのメチルハイドロジェンポリシロキサン1g(ビニル基1個に対しヒドロシリル基が1.1個となる配合量)とを100mLの容器に仕込み、撹拌溶解させた。次いで、白金-ビニル基含有ジシロキサン錯体のイソドデカン溶液(白金含有量0.5%)を0.06g加え撹拌し、厚みが10mmになるようアルミニウム製シャーレに流し込み、40℃で2日放置することで、シリコーン粒子のゴム組成の平状ゴムを作製した。ゴムの硬度を実施例1と同様に測定したところ、このゴムの硬度は60であった。
上記実施例1で得られたポリ-ε-カプロラクトンアクリレート変性シリコーン1で構成される平状ゴム(ゴム硬度:71)と、比較例1で得られた上記式(14)で示したメチルビニルポリシロキサンと上記式(15)で示したメチルハイドロジェンポリシロキサンで構成される平状ゴム(ゴム硬度:60)について、下記方法で加水分解性を評価した。
温度70℃、湿度90%の恒温恒湿器(IW222型、ヤマト科学(株)製)の中に上記平状ゴムサンプル2種を入れ静置し、ゴム硬度の変化を日単位で測定した。
また、温度70℃の乾燥機(DNE601型、ヤマト科学(株)製)の中と、室温、湿度65%環境下(使用環境想定)とに、実施例1で得られた平状ゴム(ゴム硬度:71)をそれぞれ静置し、ゴム硬度の変化を日単位で測定した。
生分解性は、生分解度により評価した。生分解度はOECD 301Fに準じた活性汚泥を使用する方法により測定した。活性汚泥は、都市下水処理場の活性汚泥を使用し、懸濁物質濃度は2400mg/Lであった。基準物質には安息香酸ナトリウムを用い、下記式に基づいて生分解度の算出をした。
B:植種源ブランクの平均生物化学的酸素消費量(測定値:mg)
TOD:被験物質又は安息香酸ナトリウムが完全に酸化された場合に必要とされる理論的酸素消費量(計算値:mg)
実施例1において、ポリ-ε-カプロラクトンモノアクリレート(商品名:プラクセルFA2D、(株)ダイセル製)の代わりに、ポリ-ε-カプロラクトンモノアクリレート(商品名:プラクセルFA4DT、(株)ダイセル製、分子量572、水酸基価0.175mol/100g)224.57gを用い、カルボキシ変性シリコーンを300gから200gに、4-ジメチルアミノピリジン(DMAP)を6.85gから4.52gに、N,N’-ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド(DCC)168.9gを77.17gに、DCCを溶解させる脱水トルエンを173.63gから77.17gにそれぞれ変更し、その他は実施例1と同様にして合成を行い、ポリ-ε-カプロラクトンアクリレート変性シリコーン2(下記式(17)、重量平均分子量:2130)を得た。
実施例1で使用したポリ-ε-カプロラクトンアクリレート変性シリコーン1をポリ-ε-カプロラクトンアクリレート変性シリコーン2に代えた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてゴム粒子の水分散液を得た。得られた水分散液中のゴム粒子の形状を光学顕微鏡にて観察したところ、球状であり、体積平均粒径を電気抵抗法粒度分布測定装置(マルチサイザー3、ベックマン・コールター(株)製)を用いて測定したところ、体積平均粒径は4.2μmであった。この水分散液を実施例1と同様に、スプレードライヤーを用いて水を除去させたところ、白色~淡黄色の粉体が得られた(図1)。また、ゴム粒子を構成するゴムの硬度を実施例1と同様に測定したところ、このゴムの硬度は75であった。
Claims (7)
- 一分子中に少なくとも2個のラジカル重合可能な不飽和基を有するシリコーン-ポリエステル共重合体(A)に由来する構成単位を含有する重合体からなるゴム粒子。
- 一分子中に少なくとも2個のラジカル重合可能な不飽和基を有するシリコーン-ポリエステル共重合体(A)が一般式(1)で示されるものである、請求項1に記載のゴム粒子。
- 粒子形状が球状で、体積平均粒径が0.1~50μmである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のゴム粒子。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のゴム粒子の表面に、ポリオルガノシルセスキオキサン及び/又はシリカが被覆されている複合粒子。
- 下記(i)~(iii)の工程を有する請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のゴム粒子を製造する方法。
(i)一分子中に少なくとも2個のラジカル重合可能な不飽和基を有するシリコーン-ポリエステル共重合体(A)を含む油相成分に、界面活性剤を含む水相成分を添加し乳化することで、O/W型エマルションを得る工程
(ii)エマルションの油相成分中の(A)成分をラジカル重合開始剤(B)存在下でラジカル重合することにより硬化させ、ゴム粒子の水分散液(C)を得る工程
(iii)工程(ii)で得られたゴム粒子の水分散液(C)から連続相である水を乾燥除去させることにより、ゴム粒子を得る工程 - 下記(i)~(v)の工程を有する請求項5に記載の複合粒子を製造する方法。
(i)一分子中に少なくとも2個のラジカル重合可能な不飽和基を有するシリコーン-ポリエステル共重合体(A)を含む油相成分に、界面活性剤を含む水相成分を添加し乳化することで、O/W型エマルションを得る工程
(ii)エマルションの油相成分中の(A)成分をラジカル重合開始剤(B)存在下でラジカル重合することにより硬化させ、ゴム粒子の水分散液(C)を得る工程
(iii’)工程(ii)で得られたゴム粒子の水分散液(C)にアルカリ性物質(E)を添加する工程
(iv)工程(iii’)で得られたアルカリ性物質を添加したゴム粒子水分散液に、
下記一般式(7):
で表されるオルガノトリアルコキシシラン、
一般式(8):
Si(OR11)4 -(8)
(式(8)中、R11はそれぞれ独立に炭素数が1~6の一価炭化水素基である。)
で表されるテトラアルコキシシラン、
及びそれらの加水分解物から選ばれる一種以上(F)を添加し、縮合反応させることにより、ゴム粒子の表面を、ポリオルガノシルセスキオキサン及び/又はシリカで被覆し、複合粒子の水分散液を得る工程
(v)工程(iv)で得られた複合粒子の水分散液から連続相である水を乾燥除去させることにより、複合粒子を得る工程
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JP2019502771A (ja) * | 2015-11-24 | 2019-01-31 | ワッカー ケミー アクチエンゲゼルシャフトWacker Chemie AG | 有機コポリマー分散液 |
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2022
- 2022-09-06 CN CN202280067569.2A patent/CN118076657A/zh active Pending
- 2022-09-06 JP JP2023552755A patent/JPWO2023058383A1/ja active Pending
- 2022-09-06 WO PCT/JP2022/033359 patent/WO2023058383A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-09-06 KR KR1020247014547A patent/KR20240072252A/ko unknown
- 2022-09-08 TW TW111134048A patent/TW202315903A/zh unknown
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JPS6243412A (ja) * | 1985-08-21 | 1987-02-25 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | 高エネルギ−線硬化樹脂組成物 |
JPH04348143A (ja) | 1991-05-27 | 1992-12-03 | Toray Dow Corning Silicone Co Ltd | シリコーンゴム粉状物の製造方法 |
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CN118076657A (zh) | 2024-05-24 |
JPWO2023058383A1 (ja) | 2023-04-13 |
KR20240072252A (ko) | 2024-05-23 |
TW202315903A (zh) | 2023-04-16 |
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