WO2023047437A1 - Dispositif d'estimation de traitement - Google Patents

Dispositif d'estimation de traitement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023047437A1
WO2023047437A1 PCT/JP2021/034489 JP2021034489W WO2023047437A1 WO 2023047437 A1 WO2023047437 A1 WO 2023047437A1 JP 2021034489 W JP2021034489 W JP 2021034489W WO 2023047437 A1 WO2023047437 A1 WO 2023047437A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
workpiece
dynamic stiffness
data
grinding wheel
contact
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PCT/JP2021/034489
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
久修 小林
淳司 久原
知也 森
Original Assignee
株式会社ジェイテクト
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Application filed by 株式会社ジェイテクト filed Critical 株式会社ジェイテクト
Priority to PCT/JP2021/034489 priority Critical patent/WO2023047437A1/fr
Priority to CN202180102512.7A priority patent/CN117957092A/zh
Publication of WO2023047437A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023047437A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
    • B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
    • B23Q15/12—Adaptive control, i.e. adjusting itself to have a performance which is optimum according to a preassigned criterion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/16—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the load

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a processing estimation device.
  • Patent Document 1 describes a grinding simulation device. Grinding simulation calculates the removal amount of the workpiece based on the relative position of the workpiece and the grinding wheel, calculates the grinding resistance based on the removal amount, and calculates the correction amount of the relative position based on the grinding resistance. This is done by repeating In calculating the correction amount, the support stiffness for supporting the workpiece and the support stiffness for supporting the grinding wheel, which have been measured in advance, are used.
  • Patent Document 2 describes that when a workpiece is ground by a grinding wheel, the depth of the grinding marks on the workpiece is calculated by taking into consideration the contact static rigidity between the workpiece and the grinding wheel. There is The static contact stiffness used here is calculated using the theoretical static contact stiffness during grinding, not the value measured when the grinding wheel is stationary. Contact static stiffness is represented by the spring constant K between the workpiece and the grinding wheel.
  • the supporting rigidity of the workpiece and the supporting rigidity of the grinding wheel are used to calculate the correction amount of the relative position between the workpiece and the grinding wheel.
  • the relative position correction amount cannot be calculated with high accuracy only by using the support stiffness of the workpiece and the support stiffness of the grinding wheel. It has been found that one of the causes is the influence of contact stiffness between the workpiece and the grinding wheel.
  • the object to be estimated is not limited to the correction amount of the relative position between the workpiece and the grinding wheel described above, but the shape of the workpiece, the shape of the grinding wheel, the state of the workpiece or the grinding wheel during grinding, the grinding machine A mechanical state or the like can be considered. In addition to grinding, the same applies to cutting.
  • the present disclosure seeks to provide a processing estimation device capable of estimating an estimation target with higher accuracy.
  • One aspect of the present disclosure is a processing apparatus that processes a workpiece with a tool, using contact dynamic stiffness data between the workpiece and the tool exerted by contact between the workpiece and the tool during machining. and a machining estimation device that estimates at least one of the state of the workpiece or the tool, the shape of the workpiece, the shape of the tool, and the mechanical state of the machining device during machining.
  • the state of the workpiece or the tool during machining, the shape of the workpiece, the shape of the tool, and the mechanical state of the machining device are determined using the contact dynamic stiffness data between the workpiece and the tool. Guess one.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness data is represented by the spring constant and damping coefficient between the workpiece and the tool exerted by the contact between the workpiece and the tool.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a processing system including a processing device and a processing estimation device according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the processing estimation device of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the state of interference between a workpiece and a grinding wheel during grinding.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the shape of a workpiece in a grinding simulation by a group of radial line segments, and a diagram showing a state in which the workpiece shown by the radial line segments interferes with the outer peripheral line of the grinding wheel during grinding. be.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing contact dynamic stiffness, workpiece support dynamic stiffness, and tool support dynamic stiffness in grinding.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a dynamic contact stiffness table obtained by actual measurement and interpolation processing; It is a figure which shows a workpiece support dynamic rigidity table.
  • 4 is a flowchart showing contact dynamic stiffness data acquisition processing.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the grinding machine when acquiring contact dynamic stiffness data;
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the state of the grinder in a part of the contact dynamic stiffness data acquisition process;
  • FIG. 11 is a functional block diagram of a processing estimation device of Embodiment 2;
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a comprehensive dynamic stiffness table obtained by actual measurement and interpolation processing;
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a processing system including a processing device and a processing estimation device according to Embodiment 3;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing contact dynamic stiffness, workpiece support dynamic stiffness, and tool support dynamic stiffness in cutting.
  • (Embodiment 1) Configuration of Machining Estimating System 1
  • the machining estimating system 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the machining estimation system 1 is intended for grinding using a grinding machine 2 .
  • a machining estimation system 1 includes a grinder 2 as a machining device and a machining estimation device 3 .
  • the grinding machine 2 rotates the workpiece W, rotates a grinding wheel T as a tool that is a rotating body, and rotates the grinding wheel T relative to the workpiece W in a direction intersecting the axis of the workpiece W. , the outer or inner peripheral surface of the workpiece W is ground.
  • a table traverse grinder, a wheelhead traverse grinder, or the like can be applied.
  • the grinding machine 2 can be a cylindrical grinding machine, a cam grinding machine, or the like.
  • the workpiece W includes a shaft portion Wa as a non-processed portion and a plurality of processed portions Wb whose outer peripheral surface is to be ground.
  • the processed portion Wb has, for example, a cylindrical outer peripheral surface coaxial with the shaft portion Wa.
  • the workpiece W shown in FIG. 1 is only an example, and the grinding machine 2 can grind workpieces having various shapes.
  • the machining estimating device 3 detects at least one of the state of the workpiece W or the grinding wheel T, the shape of the workpiece W, the shape of the grinding wheel T, and the mechanical state of the grinding machine 2 during grinding by the grinding machine 2 described above. Estimate one.
  • the machining estimating device 3 performs the estimation processing of the estimation target by inputting information used for grinding and performing a simulation.
  • the machining estimating device 3 can function as a simulation device independent of the grinding machine 2, or can function as a simulation device that operates in conjunction with the grinding machine 2. In the former case, for example, the optimum grinding conditions can be determined without grinding the workpiece W actually. In the latter case, the machining estimating device 3 processes in parallel with the grinding of the workpiece W by the grinder 2, for example, corrects the grinding conditions and affects various controls. You can Moreover, the machining estimation device 3 can be a built-in system of the grinding machine 2 .
  • a table traverse type cylindrical grinder is taken as an example. That is, the grinding machine 2 is configured to move the workpiece W in the axial direction of the workpiece W and to move the grinding wheel T in the direction crossing the axis of the workpiece W. In this embodiment, the grinding machine 2 uses a grinding wheel T to grind the cylindrical outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W as an example.
  • the grinding machine 2 includes a bed 10, a table 20, a spindle device 30, a tailstock device 40, a grindstone base 50, a sizing device 60, and a control device 70.
  • the bed 10 is installed on the installation surface.
  • the bed 10 has a long width (length in the Z-axis direction) on the front side in the X-axis direction (lower side in FIG. 1) and a short width on the rear side in the X-axis direction (upper side in FIG. 1). It is
  • the bed 10 has a Z-axis guide surface 11 extending in the Z-axis direction on the upper surface on the front side in the X-axis direction. Further, the bed 10 has a Z-axis drive mechanism 12 that drives along a Z-axis guide surface 11 .
  • the Z-axis driving mechanism 12 includes a ball screw mechanism 12a and a Z-axis motor 12b.
  • a ball screw mechanism 12a extends parallel to the Z-axis guide surface 11, and a Z-axis motor 12b drives the ball screw mechanism 12a.
  • a Z-axis drive circuit In order to drive the Z-axis drive mechanism 12, a Z-axis drive circuit and a Z-axis detector 12c (not shown) are provided.
  • the Z-axis drive circuit includes an amplifier circuit and drives the Z-axis motor 12b.
  • the Z-axis detector 12c is, for example, an angle detector such as an encoder in this embodiment, and detects the angle of the rotating shaft of the Z-axis motor 12b. It should be noted that the Z-axis drive mechanism 12 may employ a linear motor or the like instead of the configuration including the ball screw mechanism 12a.
  • the bed 10 also includes a guide surface 13 extending in a direction crossing the Z-axis direction on the upper surface on the back side in the X-axis direction.
  • the guide surface 13 is an X-axis guide surface extending in the X-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis.
  • the bed 10 is provided with an X-axis drive mechanism 14 that drives along the X-axis guide surface 13 .
  • the X-axis driving mechanism 14 is provided with a ball screw mechanism 14a and an X-axis motor 14b.
  • a ball screw mechanism 14a extends parallel to the X-axis guide surface 13, and an X-axis motor 14b drives the ball screw mechanism 14a.
  • an X-axis drive circuit (not shown) and an X-axis detector 14c are provided.
  • the X-axis drive circuit includes an amplifier circuit and drives the X-axis motor 14b.
  • the X-axis detector 14c is, for example, an angle detector such as an encoder in this embodiment, and detects the angle of the rotating shaft of the X-axis motor 14b.
  • the X-axis drive mechanism 14 can also employ a linear motor or the like instead of the configuration including the ball screw mechanism 14a.
  • the table 20 is formed in an elongated shape, and is supported by the Z-axis guide surface 11 of the bed 10 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction (horizontal left-right direction). Also, the table 20 is fixed to the ball screw nut of the Z-axis ball screw mechanism 12a, and is moved in the Z-axis direction by rotational driving of the Z-axis motor 12b.
  • the spindle device 30 constitutes a work support device.
  • the spindle device 30 supports the workpiece W and drives the workpiece W to rotate.
  • the spindle device 30 is arranged on one end side of the table 20 in the Z-axis direction.
  • the spindle device 30 includes a spindle housing 31, a spindle 32, a spindle motor 33, a spindle center 34, a spindle detector 35, and a spindle drive circuit (not shown).
  • the spindle housing 31 is fixed on the table 20.
  • the main shaft 32 is rotatably supported by the main shaft housing 31 via bearings.
  • the spindle motor 33 drives the spindle 32 to rotate.
  • the spindle center 34 supports the end face of the workpiece W at one end in the axial direction.
  • the spindle center 34 is fixed to the spindle 32 and provided rotatably with respect to the spindle housing 31 .
  • the spindle device 30 is provided with a rotating member such as an unillustrated blade, the spindle center 34 is fixed to the spindle housing 31 so as to be non-rotatable with respect to the spindle housing 31 . Also good.
  • the spindle device 30 may be provided with a chuck for gripping the workpiece W instead of the spindle center 34 .
  • the chuck is rotationally driven by being connected to the main shaft 32 .
  • the spindle detector 35 and the spindle drive circuit are provided to drive the spindle motor 33 .
  • the spindle detector 35 is, for example, an angle detector such as an encoder in this embodiment, and detects the angle of the rotating shaft of the spindle motor 33 .
  • the spindle drive circuit includes an amplifier circuit and drives the spindle motor 33 .
  • the tailstock device 40 constitutes a work support device together with the spindle device 30 .
  • the tailstock device 40 is arranged on the other end side of the table 20 in the Z-axis direction.
  • the tailstock device 40 is provided movably on the table 20 in the Z-axis direction.
  • the tailstock device 40 includes a tailstock center 41 .
  • the tailstock center 41 supports the end surface of the other end of the workpiece W in the axial direction.
  • the tailstock center 41 may be provided so as not to rotate, or may be provided so as to be rotatable. In addition, when the grinding machine 2 grinds the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece W, the tailstock device 40 is unnecessary.
  • the tailstock center 41 may be positioned at a fixed position with respect to the workpiece W, or may be provided movably with respect to the workpiece W in the axial direction of the workpiece W. Also good. In the latter case, the tailstock center 41 may be configured so that the pressing force of the workpiece W in the axial direction can be adjusted.
  • the pressing force may be controllable by means of adjusting spring force, means of adjusting fluid pressure, or the like.
  • the grinding wheel head 50 includes a grinding wheel T, and drives the grinding wheel T to rotate.
  • the grinding wheel head 50 includes a grinding wheel body 51, a grinding wheel shaft 52, a grinding wheel motor 53, and a grinding wheel driving circuit (not shown).
  • the grinding wheel T is shaped like a disc.
  • the grinding wheel T is used to grind the outer peripheral surface or the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece W.
  • the grinding wheel T is configured by fixing a plurality of abrasive grains with a binder.
  • abrasive grains general abrasive grains made of ceramic materials such as alumina and silicon carbide, and superabrasive grains such as diamond and CBN are applied.
  • Binders include vitrified (V), resinoid (B), rubber (R), silicate (S), shellac (E), metal (M), electrodeposition (P), magnesia cement (Mg), and the like.
  • the grinding wheel T has a structure having pores and a structure having no pores.
  • the grinding wheel T may be elastically deformable or substantially non-elastically deformable.
  • the elastic modulus of the elastically deformable grinding wheel T varies depending on the type of binder, the presence or absence of pores, the porosity, and the like.
  • the wheelhead main body 51 is formed, for example, in a rectangular shape in plan view, and is supported by the X-axis guide surface 13 of the bed 10 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction (horizontal front-back direction).
  • the wheelhead main body 51 is fixed to the ball screw nut of the X-axis ball screw mechanism 14a, and is moved in the X-axis direction by the rotational drive of the X-axis motor 14b.
  • the grinding wheel head main body 51 constitutes a grinding wheel supporting device that supports the grinding wheel T. As shown in FIG.
  • the grindstone shaft 52 is rotatably supported by the grindstone head main body 51 via bearings.
  • a grinding wheel T is fixed to the tip of the grinding wheel shaft 52 , and the grinding wheel T rotates as the grinding wheel shaft 52 rotates.
  • the grinding wheel motor 53 rotates the grinding wheel shaft 52 .
  • a hydrostatic bearing, a rolling bearing, or the like is used as the bearing.
  • the grinding wheel motor 53 transmits rotational driving force to the grinding wheel shaft 52 via, for example, a belt. However, the grinding wheel motor 53 may be arranged coaxially with the grinding wheel shaft 52 . In general, the rotation speed of the grinding wheel T driven by the grinding wheel motor 53 is higher than the rotation speed of the workpiece W driven by the spindle motor 33 .
  • the grinding wheel drive circuit is provided to drive the grinding wheel motor 53 .
  • the grinding wheel drive circuit includes an amplifier circuit and drives the grinding wheel motor 53 .
  • the sizing device 60 is provided on the upper surface of the bed 10 and measures the outer diameter of the workpiece W.
  • the sizing device 60 has, for example, a pair of contactors that can come into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W, and measures the outer diameter of the contact portion with the workpiece W. As shown in FIG.
  • the control device 70 is a CNC (Computer Numerical Control) that executes machining control. Control) device and PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) device. That is, the control device 70 drives the Z-axis drive mechanism 12 and the X-axis drive mechanism 14 as moving devices based on the grinding program and the measurement result of the sizing device 60 to position the table 20 and the wheelhead 50. control. In other words, the control device 70 relatively moves the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T closer to each other and separates them from each other by controlling the positions of the table 20 and the grinding wheel head 50 . Further, the control device 70 controls the spindle device 30 and the wheelhead 50 . That is, the control device 70 controls the rotation of the spindle 32 and the rotation of the grinding wheel T. As shown in FIG.
  • CNC Computer Numerical Control
  • PLC Programmable Logic Controller
  • the machining estimation device 3 includes a command value acquisition unit 101, an estimation unit 102, a contact dynamic stiffness table storage unit 103, a workpiece support dynamic stiffness table storage unit 104, a grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness table storage unit 105, a machining condition acquisition unit 106, A dynamic stiffness determination unit 107 , a correction amount calculation unit 108 , and an output unit 109 are provided.
  • the command value acquisition unit 101 acquires a command value for controlling the grinder 2 during grinding.
  • the command value acquisition unit 101 inputs the grinding program and the configuration information of the grinding machine 2 to control each part of the grinding machine 2.
  • a command value for control is generated by calculation.
  • the command value acquiring unit 101 acquires the command value directly from the control device 70 of the grinding machine 2. be able to.
  • the estimating unit 102 performs a grinding simulation using the command value acquired by the command value acquiring unit 101 to obtain the state of the workpiece W or the grinding wheel T, the shape of the workpiece W, the grinding wheel At least one of the shape of T and the mechanical state of the grinder 2 is estimated.
  • the state of the workpiece W includes, for example, the vibration state and temperature state of the workpiece W.
  • the state of the grinding wheel T includes, for example, the vibration state and temperature state of the grinding wheel T, the grinding resistance generated in each part of the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel T, the sharpness of the grinding wheel T, and the state of the abrasive grains constituting the grinding wheel T. and so on.
  • the state of abrasive grains includes, for example, the average protrusion amount of abrasive grains, the distribution of abrasive grains, and the like.
  • the shape of the workpiece W includes a shape at an intermediate stage of grinding and a shape at the end of grinding.
  • the shape of the grinding wheel T includes a shape at an intermediate stage of grinding and a shape at the end of grinding.
  • the mechanical state of the grinder 2 includes the vibration state, temperature state, and the like of the parts constituting the grinder 2 .
  • the estimating unit 102 sequentially changes the shape of the workpiece W through a grinding simulation, thereby obtaining the shape of the workpiece W, the state of the workpiece W, and the mechanical state of the grinder 2.
  • An example of the estimation target will be given.
  • the grinding simulation is performed assuming that the grinding wheel T does not deform.
  • the estimating section 102 can also estimate the grinding resistance generated for each portion of the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel T, in addition to the estimation target.
  • the estimation unit 102 includes an interference amount calculation unit 111 , a grinding efficiency calculation unit 112 , a grinding characteristic determination unit 113 and a grinding resistance calculation unit 114 .
  • the interference amount calculator 111 calculates the relative position between the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T, the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W, and the outer periphery of the grinding wheel T obtained by using the command value acquired by the command value acquiring unit 101.
  • the amount of interference between the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T is calculated based on the surface shape.
  • the amount of interference corresponds to the amount of grinding in the radial direction of the workpiece W at each portion of the workpiece W in the circumferential direction.
  • the amount of interference is the amount of removal of the workpiece W ground by the grinding wheel T, more specifically, the amount of removal in the radial direction of the workpiece W at each portion of the workpiece W in the circumferential direction.
  • the amount of interference as shown in FIG. 3, is the volume of the portion where the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T interfere (hatched area in FIG. 3: interference area).
  • the interference amount calculation unit 111 geometrically calculates the interference amount through arithmetic processing.
  • the interference amount calculator 111 stores the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W and the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel T.
  • FIG. As shown in the right part of FIG. 4, the outer peripheral surface shape of the workpiece W is represented by a plurality of radial line segment groups on the polar coordinates with the rotation center Ow of the workpiece W as the origin. That is, the interference amount calculation unit 111 calculates a plurality of points connecting the division points (white points in FIG. 4) on the outer peripheral surface obtained by dividing the workpiece W into equal angles ( ⁇ ) and the rotation center Ow (origin) of the workpiece W. A group of line segments is stored as the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W. Division points indicated by white dots in FIG.
  • the interference amount calculator 111 calculates each line segment of the workpiece W and the line representing the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel T from the relative position (the distance between the axes) of the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T and the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel T. (black dots in FIG. 4).
  • the interference amount calculator 111 stores the determined intersection point (black point in FIG. 4) as the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W after the workpiece W has been removed by the grinding wheel T.
  • FIG. the interference amount calculator 111 changes the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W that is stored.
  • the interference amount calculation unit 111 calculates the area of a triangle ⁇ Ow-a1-a2 formed by adjacent points a1 and a2 among the points defining the outer peripheral surface shape of the workpiece W before removal and the origin Ow.
  • the area of a triangle ⁇ Ow-b1-b2 consisting of the points b1 and b2 (the intersection with the grinding wheel T) and the origin Ow is subtracted.
  • the area after subtraction is calculated for all adjacent points that define the outer peripheral surface shape of the workpiece W.
  • the interference amount calculation unit 111 integrates the areas after each subtraction, and multiplies the integrated total area by the thickness of the workpiece W to calculate the interference amount (removal amount).
  • the area of the portion to be removed is calculated by calculating the areas of the two types of triangles and calculating the difference between the areas.
  • the area of the removed portion may be calculated by directly calculating the rectangle a1-a2-b1-b2.
  • the grinding efficiency calculator 112 calculates the grinding efficiency Z′ based on the interference amount calculated by the interference amount calculator 111 .
  • the grinding efficiency Z' is calculated by calculating the amount of interference per unit time, that is, the volume of the workpiece W ground by the grinding wheel T in the unit time.
  • the grinding characteristic determination unit 113 determines the grinding characteristic kc based on the material of the workpiece W, the types of abrasive grains and binder of the grinding wheel T, the state of the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel T, and the like.
  • the state of the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel T is expressed using an index representing, for example, the wear state and sharpness of the abrasive grains of the grinding wheel T.
  • the grinding characteristic determination unit 113 stores grinding characteristics in each state in advance through experiments, analyses, or the like.
  • the grinding resistance calculator 114 calculates the grinding resistance Fn in the normal direction (X-axis direction) of the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W based on the grinding efficiency Z' and the grinding characteristics kc.
  • the grinding characteristic kc has a substantially linear relationship such that the grinding resistance Fn in the normal direction (X-axis direction) increases as the grinding efficiency Z' increases.
  • the relationship of the grinding characteristic kc changes when, for example, the grinding wheel T wears. For example, when the grinding wheel T wears, the grinding resistance Fn in the normal direction increases with respect to the grinding efficiency Z'.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness table storage unit 103 stores contact dynamic stiffness data Ci and Ki between the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T. In particular, the contact dynamic stiffness table storage unit 103 stores the correspondence relationship between the machining conditions and the contact dynamic stiffness data Ci and Ki.
  • the workpiece support dynamic stiffness table storage unit 104 stores workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw, Kw in the spindle device 30 and the tailstock device 40 as the workpiece support device. In particular, the workpiece support dynamic stiffness table storage unit 104 stores the correspondence relationship between the machining conditions and the workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw, Kw.
  • the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness table storage unit 105 stores grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct and Kt (tool support dynamic stiffness data) in the grinding wheel support main body 51 as a grinding wheel support device.
  • the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness table storage unit 105 stores the correspondence relationship between the machining conditions and the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct and Kt.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness is the dynamic stiffness between the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T, and is the dynamic stiffness exerted by the contact between the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T during grinding.
  • Contact dynamic stiffness is defined by damping coefficient Ci and spring constant Ki.
  • the damping coefficient Ci is a value that represents the relationship between the relative speed between the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T and the external force that the workpiece W or the grinding wheel T receives.
  • the spring constant Ki is a value that represents the relationship between the relative position of the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T and the external force that the workpiece W or the grinding wheel T receives.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness corresponds to the contact arc length L in which the grinding wheel T contacts the workpiece W during grinding.
  • the contact arc length L is the arc length of the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel T that is in contact with the workpiece W during grinding in the cross section of the grinding wheel T in the direction perpendicular to the axis.
  • the contact arc length L varies depending on the feeding speed of the grinding wheel T in the X-axis direction, the outer diameter of the grinding wheel T, the outer diameter of the workpiece W, and the like.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness is due to the elastic deformation of the grinding wheel T. That is, the contact dynamic stiffness is represented by the spring constant resulting from the elastic deformation of the grinding wheel T and the damping coefficient resulting from the elastic deformation of the grinding wheel T.
  • the workpiece support dynamic rigidity is the dynamic rigidity related to the support in the spindle device 30 and the tailstock device 40, and the workpiece W is supported by the spindle device 30 and the tailstock device 40 as workpiece support devices that constitute the grinder 2.
  • This is the dynamic stiffness exerted when Workpiece support dynamic stiffness is defined by damping coefficient Cw and spring constant Kw.
  • the damping coefficient Cw is a value that represents the relationship between the relative speed of the workpiece W with respect to the reference positions of the spindle device 30 and the tailstock device 40 and the external force that the workpiece W receives.
  • the spring constant Kw is a value that represents the relationship between the relative position of the workpiece W with respect to the reference positions of the spindle device 30 and the tailstock device 40 and the external force that the workpiece W receives.
  • the grinding wheel support dynamic rigidity is the dynamic rigidity related to the support in the grinding wheel head main body 51, and is the dynamic rigidity exerted when the grinding wheel T is supported by the grinding wheel head main body 51 as the grinding wheel support device constituting the grinding machine 2. be.
  • Grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness is defined by damping coefficient Ct and spring constant Kt.
  • the damping coefficient Ct is a value that represents the relationship between the relative speed of the grinding wheel T with respect to the reference position in the grinding wheel head body 51 and the external force that the grinding wheel T receives.
  • the spring constant Kt is a value that represents the relationship between the relative position of the grinding wheel T with respect to the reference position in the grinding wheel head body 51 and the external force that the grinding wheel T receives.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness table storage unit 103 stores a contact dynamic stiffness table including contact dynamic stiffness data Ci and Ki.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness table is a table having items of processing conditions, contact arc length L, mass Mi, damping coefficient Ci, and spring constant Ki.
  • the dynamic contact stiffness table shown in FIG. 6 is a data table obtained by conducting actual measurements, which will be described later.
  • the processing conditions are, for example, the feeding speed of the grinding wheel T in the X-axis direction, the outer diameter of the grinding wheel T, the outer diameter of the workpiece W, and the like.
  • the contact arc length L is the arc length of the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel T that is in contact with the workpiece W during grinding in the cross section of the grinding wheel T in the direction orthogonal to the axis.
  • the contact arc length L is determined from the feeding speed of the grinding wheel T in the X-axis direction, the outer diameter of the grinding wheel T, the outer diameter of the workpiece W, and the like.
  • Mass Mi includes workpiece W mass information and grinding wheel T mass information.
  • the damping coefficient Ci and the spring constant Ki show different values depending on the machining conditions, that is, the contact arc length L.
  • the processing conditions that affect the contact dynamic rigidity include the rotation speed of the grinding wheel T, the rotation speed of the workpiece W, the amount of coolant, and the like. These are mainly the factors that change the temperature of the grinding wheel T and the workpiece W.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness table storage unit 103 has a table shown in the foreground in FIG. 6 for each processing condition that affects the temperature.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness table shown in FIG. 6 is a data table obtained by actually measuring the first machining conditions (condition 1, condition 2, condition 3, .
  • the table is limited to the contact arc length L corresponding to the machining conditions.
  • the dynamic contact stiffness table shown in FIG. 6 may not be sufficient. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, supplementation is performed by performing interpolation processing using a contact dynamic stiffness table obtained by actual measurement.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness table storage unit 103 stores the correspondence relationship between the first machining conditions (condition 1, condition 2, condition 3, . . . ) and the actually measured contact dynamic stiffness data. Memorize in advance. Then, by performing interpolation processing using the contact dynamic stiffness data for the first machining conditions (condition 1, condition 2, condition 3, . . . ), second machining conditions (condition 1h, condition 2h, generate contact dynamic stiffness data for condition 3h). Then, the contact dynamic stiffness table storage unit 103 additionally stores the generated contact dynamic stiffness data.
  • the interpolation process can use, for example, an empirical formula that defines the relationship between the contact arc length L, the damping coefficient Ci, and the spring constant Ki. Also, the interpolation processing may use machine learning, theoretical calculation, or the like.
  • the contact arc length L is determined from the feeding speed of the grinding wheel T in the X-axis direction, the outer diameter of the grinding wheel T, the outer diameter of the workpiece W, and the like.
  • the contact arc length L changes due to bending of the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T during the grinding process. Therefore, even under the same machining conditions, the contact arc length L may differ depending on the deflection amount of the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T. Therefore, the contact dynamic stiffness table storage unit 103 may store contact dynamic stiffness data Ci and Ki for a large number of contact arc lengths L.
  • the workpiece support dynamic stiffness table storage unit 104 stores workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw and Kw.
  • the workpiece support dynamic rigidity table is a table whose items are machining conditions (conditions 21, 22, 23, . . . ), mass Mw, damping coefficient Cw, and spring constant Kw. is.
  • the workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw and Kw are data that change as the contact state between the tailstock center 41 and the workpiece W changes due to changes in the pressing force of the tailstock center 41 . Therefore, the workpiece support dynamic rigidity table storage unit 104 stores the mass Mw, the damping coefficient Cw, and the spring constant Kw for each of the plurality of pressing forces by the tailstock center 41 .
  • the workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw and Kw can be obtained, for example, by conducting a hammering test while the workpiece W is supported by the spindle center 34 and the tailstock center 41 . Furthermore, by performing a hammering test while changing the pressing force of the tailstock center 41, the workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw and Kw shown in FIG. 8 can be obtained.
  • the workpiece support dynamic rigidity table storage unit 104 has a table shown in the foreground in FIG. 8 for each workpiece W type.
  • the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness table storage unit 105 stores the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct and Kt as described above.
  • the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness table storage unit 105 stores grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct and Kt for each type of grinding wheel T, for example.
  • the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct and Kt are data that change according to the pressure of the hydrostatic bearings. may be. Therefore, the grinding wheel support dynamic rigidity table storage unit 105 may store the mass Mt, the damping coefficient Ct, and the spring constant Kt according to the pressure of the hydrostatic bearing as the processing conditions.
  • the machining condition acquisition unit 106 acquires machining conditions for grinding by the grinder 2. Specifically, the processing condition acquisition unit 106 acquires the processing conditions at the time of estimation by the estimation unit 102 .
  • the processing conditions acquired by the processing condition acquisition unit 106 are information used by the dynamic stiffness determination unit 107 to calculate each dynamic stiffness.
  • the processing conditions to be acquired include, for example, the outer diameter of the workpiece W, the outer diameter of the grinding wheel T, the feeding speed of the grinding wheel T in the X-axis direction, the rotation speed of the grinding wheel T, the rotation speed of the workpiece W, the amount of coolant, These include the pressing force of the tailstock center 41, the pressure of the hydrostatic bearing of the grinding wheel T, and the like.
  • the machining condition acquisition unit 106 acquires the machining conditions included in the grinding program by inputting the grinding program. Further, when the machining estimating device 3 functions as a simulation device that operates in conjunction with grinding by the grinding machine 2, the machining condition acquisition unit 106 inputs the grinding program from the control device 70 to obtain machining conditions. may be obtained, or information on the machining conditions may be obtained directly from the control device 70 of the grinding machine 2 .
  • the dynamic stiffness determination unit 107 determines dynamic stiffness data that affects the grinding process.
  • the dynamic stiffness determination unit 107 separately determines contact dynamic stiffness data, workpiece support dynamic stiffness data, and grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data. That is, the dynamic stiffness determination unit 107 includes a contact dynamic stiffness determination unit 121 , a workpiece support dynamic stiffness determination unit 122 , and a grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness determination unit 123 .
  • the contact dynamic stiffness determination unit 121 acquires the contact dynamic stiffness table stored in the contact dynamic stiffness table storage unit 103 and the machining conditions acquired by the machining condition acquisition unit 106 . Then, the contact dynamic stiffness determination unit 121 determines contact dynamic stiffness data Ci and Ki corresponding to the acquired processing conditions from the contact dynamic stiffness table.
  • the contact arc length L also changes depending on the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W, which changes due to grinding, and the deflection of the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T caused by the grinding resistance.
  • the interference amount calculator 111 of the estimator 102 sequentially calculates the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W and the relative position between the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T during grinding.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness determination unit 121 acquires the current outer peripheral surface shape of the workpiece W in the simulation and the relative position between the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T from the interference amount calculation unit 111, and the contact arc length L can also be calculated. Then, the contact dynamic stiffness determination unit 121 can also determine the contact dynamic stiffness data Ci and Ki corresponding to the calculated contact arc length L from the contact dynamic stiffness table.
  • the workpiece support dynamic stiffness determination unit 122 acquires the workpiece support dynamic stiffness table stored in the workpiece support dynamic stiffness table storage unit 104 and the machining conditions acquired by the machining condition acquisition unit 106 . Then, the workpiece support dynamic stiffness determination unit 122 determines workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw and Kw corresponding to the acquired machining conditions from the workpiece support dynamic stiffness table.
  • the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness determination unit 123 acquires the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness table stored in the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness table storage unit 105 and the processing conditions acquired by the processing condition acquisition unit 106 . Then, the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness determination unit 123 determines grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct and Kt corresponding to the acquired processing conditions from the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness table.
  • the correction amount calculation unit 108 calculates a correction amount for relative displacement of the grinding wheel T and the workpiece W in the X-axis direction due to the grinding force Fn based on each dynamic stiffness data determined by the dynamic stiffness determination unit 107. calculate.
  • a correction amount for displacement can be obtained from each dynamic rigidity data and the grinding force Fn. That is, the correction amount for displacement can be calculated from the grinding resistance Fn, contact dynamic stiffness data Ci, Ki, workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw, Kw, and grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct, Kt.
  • the correction amount calculation unit 108 outputs the calculated correction amount to the estimation unit 102 .
  • the estimation unit 102 Based on the relative position between the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T, the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W, and the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel T, which are acquired by the command value acquiring unit 101, as described above, the estimation unit 102 , to estimate the estimation target. However, due to the grinding force Fn, the relative position between the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T is different from the relative position determined by the command value.
  • the estimating unit 102 estimates the estimation target
  • the relative position between the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T is calculated by the correction amount calculating unit 108 in addition to the relative position acquired by the command value acquiring unit 101.
  • a relative position to which a correction amount is added is used. That is, the estimation unit 102 estimates the estimation target based on the relative position based on the command value and the correction amount calculated using each dynamic stiffness data.
  • the correction amount calculator 108 outputs the calculated correction amount to the interference amount calculator 111 of the estimation unit 102 .
  • the interference amount calculation unit 111 calculates the relative position between the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T acquired by the command value acquisition unit 101, the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W, and the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel T. Based on this, the amount of interference between the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T is calculated. However, due to the grinding force Fn, the relative position between the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T is different from the relative position determined by the command value.
  • the interference amount calculation unit 111 uses the relative position calculated by the correction amount calculation unit 108 in addition to the relative position acquired by the command value acquisition unit 101 as the relative position between the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T used to calculate the interference amount.
  • the relative position to which the correction amount is added is used. That is, the interference amount calculator 111 calculates the interference amount based on the relative position based on the command value and the correction amount calculated using each dynamic stiffness data.
  • the interference amount calculation unit 111 calculates the interference amount considering the correction amount
  • the grinding efficiency calculation unit 112 calculates the grinding characteristic determination unit 113, and the grinding resistance calculation unit 114 are calculated based on the interference amount considering the correction amount. Grinding efficiency Z', grinding characteristic kc, and grinding force Fn are obtained.
  • the output unit 109 outputs the estimation target estimated by the estimation unit 102 . That is, the output unit 109 estimates at least one of the state of the workpiece W or the grinding wheel T, the shape of the workpiece W, the shape of the grinding wheel T, and the mechanical state of the grinder 2 during grinding.
  • the output unit 109 may, for example, teach the estimation result to a teaching device (not shown).
  • the output unit 109 can also output the estimation result to the control device 70 of the grinder 2 . In this case, the control device 70 can correct the grinding conditions, for example, using the estimation result.
  • FIG. 9 the contact dynamic stiffness data acquisition process first attaches the measuring jig 4 to the grinder 2 and the workpiece W (S1).
  • the measuring jig 4 is a non-contact vibrating device that applies a vibrating force to the workpiece W.
  • the measuring jig 4 is provided on the upper surface of the table 20.
  • the measurement jig 4 can adjust the fixed position in the Z-axis direction on the upper surface of the table 20 .
  • the measuring jig 4 holds the workpiece W in a state in which the workpiece W is inserted. Specifically, a portion of the shaft portion Wa as a non-processed portion of the workpiece W is inserted through the measuring jig 4 , and a plurality of processed portions Wb to be ground are positioned outside the measuring jig 4 . do. A workpiece W inserted and held in the measuring jig 4 is supported by a spindle device 30 and a tailstock device 40 in the same manner as during normal grinding.
  • the measuring jig 4 has a housing 131 , an electromagnet 132 , a rotor 133 , a lock nut 134 , a displacement sensor 135 and a controller 136 .
  • the housing 131 is fixed to the upper surface of the table 20 of the grinder 2 . Furthermore, the housing 131 is formed with a hole 131a penetrating in the Z-axis direction.
  • the electromagnet 132 is embedded in the housing 131.
  • the rotor 133 is mounted on the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W and provided integrally with the workpiece W. As shown in FIG.
  • the rotor 133 is made of magnetic material and is moved by the magnetic force generated by the electromagnet 132 .
  • the rotor 133 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 133 is arranged with a predetermined clearance from the inner peripheral surface of the housing 131 . This gap is the distance that the rotor 133 can move with respect to the housing 131 .
  • the inner peripheral surface of the rotor 133 is formed according to the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W.
  • the lock nut 134 is a member for fixing the rotor 133 to the workpiece W. As shown in FIG.
  • the fixing method of the rotor 133 is not limited to the means using the lock nut 134, and various means can be adopted.
  • the displacement sensor 135 is provided at a position closer to the inner peripheral surface of the housing 131 and measures the distance from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 133 . That is, when the rotor 133 is vibrated by the electromagnet 132, the displacement sensor 135 detects the displacement of the rotor 133 in the direction in which the rotor 133 approaches and separates from the inner peripheral surface of the housing 131 (hereinafter referred to as radial displacement). to measure.
  • control device 136 supplies a drive current to the electromagnet 132 so that the electromagnet 132 applies an excitation force.
  • the controller 136 also acquires the displacement measured by the displacement sensor 135 , ie, the radial displacement of the rotor 133 .
  • the housing 131 of the measuring jig 4 is attached to the table 20. Further, the workpiece W to which the rotor 133 is attached is in a state of being supported by the spindle device 30 and the tailstock device 40 . At this time, the position of the housing 131 is adjusted so that the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 133 faces the inner peripheral surface of the housing 131 of the measuring jig 4, as shown in FIG. 11(b).
  • the grinding process is started (S2). That is, while the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T are rotated, the grinding wheel T is moved in the X-axis direction, and the outer peripheral surface of the processing portion Wb of the workpiece W is ground.
  • an excitation force is applied by the measuring jig 4 (S3).
  • the vibration force is applied by the measurement jig 4 while the workpiece W is being ground by the grinding wheel T.
  • the applied excitation force may be impulse excitation or sweep excitation in which the excitation frequency is continuously changed.
  • Application of the excitation force is performed by supplying current to the electromagnet 132 from the controller 136 of the measuring jig 4 .
  • the excitation force is then controlled by the current supplied to electromagnet 132 by controller 136 .
  • the displacement sensor 135 of the measuring jig 4 measures the radial displacement of the workpiece W when the excitation force is applied to the workpiece W. As shown in FIG.
  • total dynamic stiffness data Ccom and Kcom during grinding are calculated (S6).
  • Comprehensive dynamic stiffness data Ccom, Kcom are comprehensive (composite) data represented by the contact dynamic stiffness data Ci, Ki, workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw, Kw, and grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct, Kt. typical) dynamic stiffness data.
  • the total dynamic stiffness data Ccom, Kcom are expressed as the sum of the contact dynamic stiffness data Ci, Ki, the workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw, Kw, and the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct, Kt.
  • the radial displacement measured by the displacement sensor 135 of the measuring jig 4 is measured when an excitation force is applied to the workpiece W while grinding. Therefore, the measured displacement is influenced by the contact dynamic stiffness data Ci, Ki, the workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw, Kw, and the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct, Kt. Therefore, the calculation of the total dynamic stiffness data Ccom and Kcom is based on the data generated from the relationship between the excitation force and the radial displacement of the workpiece W when the excitation force is applied to the workpiece W while grinding. Become.
  • workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw, Kw and grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct, Kt are acquired (S7).
  • the workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw, Kw and the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct, Kt are obtained in advance by a hammering test or the like.
  • contact dynamic stiffness data Ci and Ki are calculated (S8).
  • Contact dynamic stiffness data Ci and Ki are obtained by subtracting workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw and Kw and grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct and Kt from total dynamic stiffness data Ccom and Kcom.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness data Ci and Ki are interpolated (S9).
  • the interpolation process is as described above with reference to FIG. That is, the interpolation process is a process of obtaining the contact dynamic stiffness data Ci and Ki under grinding conditions different from the actual measurement using the contact dynamic stiffness data Ci and Ki obtained by actual measurement. An empirical formula, machine learning, theoretical calculation, or the like can be applied to the interpolation processing. In this manner, contact dynamic stiffness data Ci and Ki as shown in FIG. 7 can be acquired.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness data Ci and Ki are used to determine the state of the workpiece W or grinding wheel T, the shape of the workpiece W, the shape of the grinding wheel T, and the grinding machine 2 during grinding. Estimate at least one of the machine states.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness data Ci and Ki are represented by a spring constant Ki and a damping coefficient Ci between the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T exerted by the contact between the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T.
  • the static contact stiffness data which is distinguished from the dynamic contact stiffness data, is expressed only by the spring constant K and does not include the damping coefficient C.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness data Ci and Ki are data resulting from the elastic deformation of the grinding wheel T and data corresponding to the contact arc length L at which the grinding wheel T contacts the workpiece W during grinding. be.
  • the object to be estimated can be estimated with high accuracy by using the contact dynamic stiffness data Ci and Ki as described above.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness table storage unit 103 stores the relative position between the workpiece W and the grinding wheel T, the rotational speed of the grinding wheel T, and the A dynamic contact stiffness table is stored in advance, which indicates the correspondence relationship between the machining conditions including at least one of the rotational speeds and the dynamic contact stiffness data Ci and Ki. Then, the estimating unit 102 uses the processing conditions at the time of estimation and the correspondence stored in the contact dynamic stiffness table storage unit 103 to estimate an estimation target during grinding. In this way, by storing in advance the relationship between the dynamic contact stiffness data Ci and Ki and various machining conditions, the dynamic contact stiffness data Ci and Ki corresponding to the machining conditions when actually estimating can be used to obtain a high value. The estimation target can be estimated with accuracy.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness table storage unit 103 stores contact dynamic stiffness data Ci and Ki for a second machining condition different from the first machining condition in actual measurement by performing interpolation processing. additionally stored. In this way, it is possible to generate the contact dynamic stiffness data Ci and Ki for the second machining conditions that have not been actually measured, so that the estimation target can be estimated with high accuracy.
  • the correction amount calculation unit 108 calculates the correction amount using the workpiece support dynamic rigidity data Cw, Kw and the grinding wheel support dynamic rigidity data Ct, Kt in addition to the contact dynamic rigidity data Ci, Ki. Then, the estimation unit 102 uses the correction amount calculated using the contact dynamic stiffness data Ci, Ki, the workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw, Kw, and the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct, Kt to estimate the estimation target. It is carried out.
  • the estimation target can be estimated with high accuracy.
  • the dynamic stiffness determination unit 107 of the machining estimating device 3 sets contact dynamic stiffness data Ci, Ki, workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw, Kw, and grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct, Kt to Each is determined separately.
  • the machining estimating device 3 stores target dynamic stiffness data in the contact dynamic stiffness table storage unit 103, the workpiece support dynamic stiffness table storage unit 104, and the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness table storage unit 105, respectively.
  • the correction amount calculation unit 108 calculates the correction amount using the separately determined contact dynamic stiffness data Ci, Ki, workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw, Kw, and grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct, Kt. is calculated.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness data Ci, Ki, the workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw, Kw, and the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct, Kt are separately stored and determined.
  • Versatility can be enhanced. For example, when the type of workpiece W is changed, the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct and Kt can be used without change. Further, when the pressing force by the tailstock center 41 is changed, it is sufficient to change only the workpiece support dynamic rigidity data Cw, Kw.
  • the tailstock center 41 exerts a pressing force on the workpiece W in the axial direction.
  • the workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw and Kw are data that change as the contact state between the tailstock center 41 and the workpiece W changes due to changes in the pressing force of the tailstock center 41 .
  • the estimation target can be estimated with higher accuracy.
  • the processing estimation device 5 of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13.
  • the deformation estimation device 5 differs from the deformation estimation device 3 of the first embodiment in the dynamic stiffness determination unit 207 and the total dynamic stiffness table storage unit 203 .
  • Other configurations of the processing estimation device 5 are the same as those of the first embodiment.
  • the total dynamic stiffness table storage unit 203 stores the total dynamic stiffness data Ccom and Kcom.
  • the total dynamic stiffness table storage unit 203 stores the correspondence relationship between the processing conditions and the total dynamic stiffness data Ccom and Kcom.
  • the total dynamic stiffness data Ccom and Kcom are as described in the contact dynamic stiffness data acquisition process in the first embodiment. That is, the total dynamic stiffness data Ccom, Kcom is a comprehensive (composite) data represented by the contact dynamic stiffness data Ci, Ki, the workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw, Kw, and the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct, Kt. a) dynamic stiffness data.
  • a dynamic stiffness determination unit 207 determines dynamic stiffness data that affects the grinding process.
  • the dynamic stiffness determining section 207 includes a total dynamic stiffness determining section 221 .
  • the total dynamic stiffness determination unit 221 determines total dynamic stiffness data Ccom, Kcom, which is a combination of the contact dynamic stiffness data Ci, Ki, the workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw, Kw, and the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct, Kt. do.
  • the total dynamic rigidity determination unit 221 acquires the total dynamic rigidity table stored in the total dynamic rigidity table storage unit 203 and the machining conditions acquired by the machining condition acquisition unit 106 . Then, the total dynamic stiffness determination unit 221 determines the total dynamic stiffness data Ccom and Kcom corresponding to the acquired processing conditions from the total dynamic stiffness table.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness data Ci, Ki, the workpiece support dynamic stiffness data Cw, Kw, and the grinding wheel support dynamic stiffness data Ct, Kt are collectively expressed as the total dynamic stiffness data Ccom, Kcom.
  • the total dynamic stiffness table may require a large amount of data. could become In such a case, it is preferable to process each piece of dynamic stiffness data separately as in the first embodiment.
  • the processing estimation system 301 of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the machining estimation system 301 is intended for cutting using a lathe 302 .
  • the machining estimation system 301 includes a lathe 302 as a machining device and a machining estimation device 303 .
  • the lathe 302 turns the workpiece W by rotating the workpiece W and moving the cutting tool T2 relative to the workpiece W.
  • the machining estimation device 303 estimates at least one of the state of the workpiece W or the cutting tool T2, the shape of the workpiece W, the shape of the cutting tool T2, and the mechanical state of the lathe 302 during cutting by the lathe 302. .
  • the machining estimating device 303 performs the estimation processing of the estimation target by inputting information used for cutting and performing a simulation.
  • the lathe 302 includes, for example, a bed 310, a spindle device 320, a tailstock device 330, a rest device 340, a tool table 350, and a control device 360.
  • the spindle device 320 constitutes a work support device.
  • the spindle device 320 is fixed to the upper surface of the bed 310, supports one end of the workpiece W, and drives the workpiece W to rotate.
  • the spindle device 320 includes a spindle housing 321, a spindle 322, a spindle motor 323, a chuck 324, a spindle detector 325, and a spindle drive circuit (not shown).
  • the spindle housing 321 is fixed on the bed 310.
  • the main shaft 322 is rotatably supported by the main shaft housing 321 via bearings.
  • the spindle motor 323 drives the spindle 322 to rotate.
  • a chuck 324 is fixed to the spindle 322 and grips one end of the workpiece W. As shown in FIG.
  • the spindle detector 325 and the spindle drive circuit are provided to drive the spindle motor 323 .
  • the tailstock device 330 constitutes a work support device together with the spindle device 320 .
  • the tailstock device 330 is arranged on the bed 310 so as to face the spindle device 320 in the Z-axis direction.
  • the tailstock device 330 is provided on the bed 310 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction.
  • the tailstock device 330 includes a tailstock center 331 that supports the other end of the workpiece W. As shown in FIG.
  • the rest device 340 is fixed on the bed 310 and supports the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W at the intermediate portion in the axial direction.
  • the rest device 340 is arranged at a position that resists the cutting load that the workpiece W receives from the cutting tool T2.
  • the tool rest 350 includes a Z-axis slide table 351, an X-axis slide table 352, a turret (rotary tool rest) 353, and a plurality of cutting tools T2.
  • the Z-axis slide table 351 is supported by the Z-axis guide surface 311 of the bed 310 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction, and is moved in the Z-axis direction by the Z-axis drive mechanism 312 provided on the bed 310 .
  • the X-axis slide table 352 is supported by an X-axis guide surface 351a on a Z-axis slide table 351 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction. move to The turret 353 is rotatably provided on the X-axis slide table 352 about an axis parallel to the Z-axis direction.
  • a plurality of cutting tools T2 are fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the turret 353 .
  • the multiple cutting tools T2 can be different types of tools.
  • the control device 360 is a CNC (Computer Numerical Control) that executes machining control. Control) device and PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) device.
  • the control device 360 drives the Z-axis driving mechanism 312 and the X-axis driving mechanism 351b as moving devices based on the cutting program to control the position of the cutting tool T2. That is, the control device 360 relatively moves the workpiece W and the cutting tool T2 by controlling the position of the cutting tool T2. Further, the control device 360 performs rotation control of the main shaft 322 and rotation control of the turret 353 .
  • the processing estimation device 303 of this embodiment has the same configuration as the processing estimation device 3 of Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. However, the grinding in Embodiment 1 is changed to cutting, and the grinding wheel T is changed to a cutting tool T2.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness is the dynamic stiffness between the workpiece W and the cutting tool T2, and is the dynamic stiffness exhibited by the contact between the workpiece W and the cutting tool T2 during cutting.
  • Contact dynamic stiffness is defined by damping coefficient Ci and spring constant Ki.
  • the damping coefficient Ci is a value that represents the relationship between the relative speed between the workpiece W and the cutting tool T2 and the external force that the workpiece W or the cutting tool T2 receives.
  • the spring constant Ki is a value that represents the relationship between the relative position between the workpiece W and the cutting tool T2 and the external force that the workpiece W or the cutting tool T2 receives.
  • the contact dynamic stiffness corresponds to the contact length L of the cutting tool T2 in contact with the workpiece W during cutting.
  • the contact length L varies depending on the size of the cutting tool T2, the tip shape of the cutting tool T2, the rake angle and relief angle of the cutting tool T2, the depth of cut, the outer diameter of the workpiece W, and the like.
  • the workpiece support dynamic rigidity is the dynamic rigidity related to the support in the spindle device 320, the tailstock device 330 and the rest device 340, and the spindle device 320, the tailstock device 330 and the rest device as the workpiece support device constituting the lathe 302. 340 is the dynamic rigidity exerted when the workpiece W is supported.
  • Workpiece support dynamic stiffness is defined by damping coefficient Cw and spring constant Kw.
  • the damping coefficient Cw is a value that represents the relationship between the relative speed of the workpiece W with respect to the reference positions of the spindle device 320, the tailstock device 330 and the rest device 340 and the external force that the workpiece W receives.
  • the spring constant Kw is a value that represents the relationship between the relative position of the workpiece W with respect to the reference positions of the spindle device 320, the tailstock device 330 and the rest device 340 and the external force that the workpiece W receives.
  • the tool support dynamic rigidity is the dynamic rigidity related to the support on the tool rest 350, and is the dynamic rigidity exerted when the cutting tool T2 is supported by the tool rest 350 as a tool support device that constitutes the lathe 302.
  • Tool support dynamic stiffness is defined by damping coefficient Ct and spring constant Kt.
  • the damping coefficient Ct is a value that represents the relationship between the relative speed of the cutting tool T2 with respect to the reference position on the tool rest 350 and the external force that the cutting tool T2 receives.
  • the spring constant Kt is a value that represents the relationship between the relative position of the cutting tool T2 with respect to the reference position on the tool rest 350 and the external force that the cutting tool T2 receives.
  • the processing estimation system 301 in this embodiment has the same effects as the processing estimation system 1 in the first embodiment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)

Abstract

Dans un dispositif de traitement (2, 302) pour traiter une pièce à usiner (W) avec un outil (T, T2), un dispositif d'estimation de traitement (3, 5, 303) estime au moins l'un parmi l'état de la pièce à usiner (W) ou de l'outil (T, T2), la forme de la pièce à usiner (W), la forme de l'outil (T, T2) et l'état mécanique du dispositif de traitement (2, 302) au moment du traitement à l'aide de données de rigidité dynamique de contact (Ci, Ki) entre la pièce à usiner (W) et l'outil (T, T2) générées suite au contact entre la pièce à usiner (W) et l'outil (T, T2) lors du traitement.
PCT/JP2021/034489 2021-09-21 2021-09-21 Dispositif d'estimation de traitement WO2023047437A1 (fr)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009064426A (ja) * 2007-08-10 2009-03-26 Jtekt Corp びびりシミュレーション装置、および、びびりシミュレーション方法
JP2013132706A (ja) * 2011-12-26 2013-07-08 Jtekt Corp 工作機械の動特性算出装置
JP2015208812A (ja) * 2014-04-25 2015-11-24 学校法人日本大学 研削加工装置及び方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009064426A (ja) * 2007-08-10 2009-03-26 Jtekt Corp びびりシミュレーション装置、および、びびりシミュレーション方法
JP2013132706A (ja) * 2011-12-26 2013-07-08 Jtekt Corp 工作機械の動特性算出装置
JP2015208812A (ja) * 2014-04-25 2015-11-24 学校法人日本大学 研削加工装置及び方法

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