WO2022262233A1 - Électrolyte non aqueux et batterie rechargeable de ce dernier - Google Patents

Électrolyte non aqueux et batterie rechargeable de ce dernier Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022262233A1
WO2022262233A1 PCT/CN2021/139146 CN2021139146W WO2022262233A1 WO 2022262233 A1 WO2022262233 A1 WO 2022262233A1 CN 2021139146 W CN2021139146 W CN 2021139146W WO 2022262233 A1 WO2022262233 A1 WO 2022262233A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
compound
cyclic
structural formula
lithium
electrolytic solution
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PCT/CN2021/139146
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
白晶
毛冲
王霹霹
欧霜辉
黄秋洁
张元青
戴晓兵
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珠海市赛纬电子材料股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022262233A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022262233A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of energy storage devices, in particular to a non-aqueous electrolyte and a secondary battery thereof.
  • Lithium-ion batteries are a common secondary battery. As lithium-ion batteries are used in more and more fields, the requirements for high voltage and high energy density of lithium-ion batteries are also getting higher and higher. In lithium-ion batteries, high-voltage ternary cathode materials (NCM or NCA) are widely used in electrical equipment due to their high energy density, environmental friendliness, and long cycle life. Density requirements are getting higher and higher, making it difficult for commercial lithium-ion batteries with ternary cathode materials to meet the requirements.
  • NCM or NCA ternary cathode materials
  • the electrolyte determines the migration rate of lithium ions (Li + ) in the liquid phase, and also participates in the formation of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film, which plays a key role in the performance of the SEI film.
  • High-temperature storage performance is poor, high-temperature cycle performance is poor, and normal temperature cycle performance is poor; at the same time, the viscosity of the electrolyte increases at low temperatures, the conductivity decreases, and the impedance of the SEI film increases, so the electrolyte may also cause low-temperature discharge of lithium-ion batteries. Performance is poor.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte and its secondary battery.
  • This non-aqueous electrolyte can improve the high-temperature storage performance, high-temperature cycle performance, normal temperature cycle performance, rate performance, and low-temperature discharge performance of the secondary battery. Avoid gas production of the secondary battery at the end of the cycle and at high temperature.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a non-aqueous electrolyte, including lithium salt, non-aqueous organic solvent and additives
  • the additives include cyclic sulfonimide compounds and cyclic carboxylate compounds
  • the structural formula of the cyclic sulfonimide compound is structural formula 1 or structural formula 2
  • the structural formula of the cyclic carboxylate compound is structural formula 3 or structural formula 4
  • M 1 + , M 2 + , and M 3 + are each independently Li + , Na + , K + , and Cs + , R 1 is H or an alkyl group, R is an alkyl group or a fluoroalkyl group, and n is 0 , 1 or 2.
  • the additives of the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present application include cyclic sulfonimide compounds and cyclic carboxylate compounds.
  • the cyclic carboxylate compounds can form an interface film containing Li 2 CO 3 , alkyllithium, hydroxylithium, carboxyllithium and other components on the negative electrode during the first charging process.
  • These components have excellent ion conductivity, It can speed up the transmission of lithium ions, so it can make the battery have better rate and low temperature performance.
  • such components are extremely unstable at high temperature or at the end of the cycle, and are easily decomposed to generate CO 2 , causing the battery to swell, seriously affecting the performance of the battery.
  • a cyclic sulfonimide compound by adding a cyclic sulfonimide compound, its sulfonimide group can form an interface film containing a large amount of LiSO 3 , ROSO 2 Li, Li x N y O z on the negative electrode during the first charge and discharge stage, sulfur Atoms and oxygen atoms can attract Li + because they contain lone pairs of electrons, thereby further accelerating the shuttling of Li + in the solid electrolyte interface film.
  • the interface film components formed by nitrogen atoms are tough, not easy to break, and have strong high temperature resistance.
  • the double bonds in the ring can be polymerized to form a stable organic skeleton, which makes the distribution of components such as Li 2 CO 3 , alkyllithium, hydroxylithium, carboxylithium, Li x N y O z , and organic lithium sulfonate more uniform.
  • the ion-conducting ability of the SEI membrane can be further improved.
  • the interfacial film formed by the cyclic sulfonylimide compound is extremely tough, with a stable skeleton and is not easy to break, which can block the side reaction between the electrolyte and the negative electrode interface, and can also prevent the overflow of CO2 , so that the chemical reaction can be balanced and inhibited.
  • the present application combines the two additives of cyclic sulfonimide compound and cyclic carboxylate compound, which can not only suppress battery gas production and improve high-temperature storage performance, but also significantly improve the low-temperature performance, rate performance and cycle performance.
  • the second aspect of the present application provides a secondary battery, including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte and a separator for isolating the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the electrolyte is the aforementioned non-aqueous electrolyte.
  • the additives of the non-aqueous electrolyte of the secondary battery of the present application include cyclic sulfonimide compounds and cyclic carboxylate compounds, which can make the secondary battery have better high-temperature storage performance, high-temperature cycle performance, and normal-temperature cycle performance. Performance, rate performance and low-temperature discharge performance, and can effectively avoid gas production of the secondary battery at the end of the cycle and at high temperature.
  • the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present application comprises lithium salt, non-aqueous organic solvent and additive, and additive comprises cyclic sulfonimide compound and cyclic carboxylate compound, and the structural formula of cyclic sulfonimide compound is structural formula 1 Or structural formula 2, the structural formula of cyclic carboxylate compounds is structural formula 3 or structural formula 4,
  • M 1 + , M 2 + , and M 3 + are each independently Li + , Na + , K + , and Cs + , R 1 is H or an alkyl group, R is an alkyl group or a fluoroalkyl group, and n is 0 , 1 or 2.
  • M 1 + , M 2 + , and M 3 + are each independently Li + , K + , and Cs + , R 1 is H or C 1 -C 3 alkyl, and R is C 1 -C 3 Alkyl or C 1 -C 3 fluoroalkyl, n is 0 or 1.
  • the mass percentage of cyclic sulfonimide compounds in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.3-1%, specifically but not limited to 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, the cyclic sulfonimide compound is selected from at least one of compound A to compound E,
  • Compound C was synthesized similarly to compound A, the difference being that LiOH was replaced by CsOH.
  • Compound A, Compound C and Compound E can all be obtained by reacting Compound B as a raw material.
  • the mass percentage of the cyclic carboxylate compound in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.1-3%, specifically but not limited to 0.1%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2.0%, 2.3%, 2.5%, 2.8%, 3.0%.
  • Cyclic carboxylate compounds are selected from at least one of compound F to compound L,
  • compound F is relatively common and can be obtained through general commercial sale.
  • synthetic method of compound G, compound H, compound I, compound J, compound K, compound L is as follows:
  • the lithium salt is selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO 2 F 2 ), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide (LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ) and at least one of lithium bisfluorosulfonyl imide (LiFSI), and the concentration is 0.5-1.5M.
  • LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
  • LiPO 2 F 2 lithium difluorophosphate
  • LiBF 4 lithium tetrafluoroborate
  • LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide
  • LiFSI lithium bisfluorosulfonyl imide
  • the non-aqueous organic solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), propylene carbonate (PC), ethyl acetate Esters (Ea), Butyl Acetate (n-Ba), ⁇ -Butyrolactone ( ⁇ -Bt), Propyl Propionate (n-Pp), Ethyl Propionate (EP) and Ethyl Butyrate (Eb) at least one of the ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), propylene carbonate (PC), ethyl acetate Esters (Ea), Butyl Acetate (n-Ba), ⁇ -Butyrolactone ( ⁇ -Bt), Propyl Propionate (n-Pp), Ethyl Propionate (EP) and Ethyl Butyrate (Eb)
  • the secondary battery of the present application includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte and a separator for isolating the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the electrolyte is the aforementioned non-aqueous electrolyte.
  • the active material of the positive electrode is LiNi x Co y Mn (1-xy) M z O 2 , wherein, 0.6 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.9, x+y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.08, M is At least one of Al, Mg, Zr and Ti, the highest charging voltage is 4.35-4.5V.
  • the active material of the negative electrode is at least one selected from artificial graphite, natural graphite, lithium titanate, silicon-carbon composite material and silicon oxide.
  • LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 ternary material LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 , binder PVDF and conductive agent SuperP are uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 95:1:4 to make lithium ions with a certain viscosity
  • the positive electrode slurry of the battery after coating the mixed slurry on both sides of the aluminum foil, drying and rolling to obtain the positive electrode sheet.
  • lithium-ion battery the positive electrode, diaphragm and negative electrode are stacked into square batteries, packed in polymer, filled with the non-aqueous electrolyte of lithium-ion battery prepared above, and processed by chemical formation, volume separation, etc. After the process, a lithium-ion battery with a capacity of 2000mAh is made.
  • the lithium-ion batteries made in Examples 1-11 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were respectively subjected to normal temperature cycle performance, high temperature cycle performance, high temperature storage test, low temperature discharge test and high rate discharge test.
  • the specific test conditions are as follows, and the performance test results are as follows: Table 2 shows.
  • Capacity retention discharge capacity of the last cycle/discharge capacity of the first cycle ⁇ 100%.
  • Capacity retention discharge capacity of the last cycle/discharge capacity of the first cycle ⁇ 100%.
  • Thickness expansion (%) (battery thickness in the last week-battery thickness in the first week)/battery thickness in the first week ⁇ 100%.
  • Battery capacity retention rate (%) retention capacity/initial capacity ⁇ 100%;
  • Battery capacity recovery rate (%) recovery capacity / initial capacity ⁇ 100%;
  • Thickness expansion (%) (battery thickness after storage-initial battery thickness)/initial battery thickness ⁇ 100%.
  • Battery capacity retention rate (%) retention capacity/initial capacity ⁇ 100%.
  • Battery capacity retention rate (%) retention capacity/initial capacity ⁇ 100%.
  • Comparative Example 2 contains a cyclic sulfonimide compound. Although the interfacial film formed by it can improve the cycle and high-temperature storage performance to a certain extent, its ability to conduct electrons is not good, so the low-temperature and discharge performance are poor.
  • the interfacial film formed by the cyclic carboxylate compounds in Comparative Example 3 has a strong ion-conducting ability, so it can improve the low temperature and discharge performance of the lithium-ion battery to a certain extent, but the interfacial film is not stable at high temperatures or cycles. It is extremely unstable in the later stage, and it is easy to decompose and produce CO 2 to make the battery swell, which seriously affects the cycle and high-temperature storage performance of the battery.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un électrolyte non aqueux et une batterie rechargeable de ce dernier, l'électrolyte non aqueux comprenant un sel de lithium, un solvant organique non aqueux et des additifs. Les additifs comprennent un composé sulfonimide cyclique et un composé carboxylate cyclique. La formule développée du composé sulfonimide cyclique est la formule développée 1 ou la formule développée 2, et la formule développée du composé carboxylate cyclique est la formule développée 3 ou la formule développée 4, M1 +, M2 + et M3 + représentant chacun indépendamment Li+, Na+, K+ ou Cs+, R1 représentant H ou un alkyle, R représentant un groupe alkyle ou fluoroalkyle, et N est égal à 0, 1 ou 2. Un film d'interface formé par le composé sulfonimide cyclique présente une grande ténacité, il n'est pas facile à fissurer. Il présente une grande résistance à haute température et peut inhiber la décomposition du composé carboxylate cyclique à un stade de cyclage avancé ou dans des conditions de haute température. Grâce à la combinaison des deux additifs, le composé sulfonimide cyclique et le composé carboxylate cyclique, il est possible non seulement d'inhiber la production de gaz d'une batterie et d'améliorer les performances de stockage à haute température, mais également d'améliorer significativement les performances à basse température, les performances de taux et les performances de cycles de la batterie.
PCT/CN2021/139146 2021-06-16 2021-12-17 Électrolyte non aqueux et batterie rechargeable de ce dernier WO2022262233A1 (fr)

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CN202110669396.9 2021-06-16
CN202110669396.9A CN113363581B (zh) 2021-06-16 2021-06-16 非水电解液及其二次电池

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WO2023059081A1 (fr) * 2021-10-06 2023-04-13 솔브레인 주식회사 Électrolyte et batterie secondaire le comprenant
WO2023184143A1 (fr) * 2022-03-29 2023-10-05 宁德新能源科技有限公司 Électrolyte, appareil électrochimique et appareil électronique

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