WO2022224824A1 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022224824A1 WO2022224824A1 PCT/JP2022/017158 JP2022017158W WO2022224824A1 WO 2022224824 A1 WO2022224824 A1 WO 2022224824A1 JP 2022017158 W JP2022017158 W JP 2022017158W WO 2022224824 A1 WO2022224824 A1 WO 2022224824A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- ratio
- active material
- cnts
- experimental example
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries.
- silicon which can occlude more lithium ions per unit mass than carbon-based active materials such as graphite, has been used as the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode mixture layer.
- silicon-based active material containing
- the silicon-based active material undergoes a larger volume change due to the absorption of lithium ions than the carbon-based active material, the conductive path in the negative electrode mixture layer may be lost due to repeated charging and discharging, resulting in a decrease in cycle characteristics. be.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a secondary battery containing carbon nanotubes in the negative electrode mixture layer from the viewpoint of improving cycle characteristics. Patent Document 1 describes that the ratio of the intensity of the G band to the intensity of the D band of the carbon nanotube (G/D ratio) is preferably 1 to 16 in the Raman spectrum.
- Patent Literature 1 As a result of extensive studies by the present inventors, it was found that when the G/D ratio of the carbon nanotubes contained in the negative electrode mixture layer was 1 to 16, the cycle characteristics of the battery were not sufficiently improved.
- the technology disclosed in Patent Literature 1 still has room for improvement in terms of cycle characteristics.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with improved cycle characteristics.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that is one aspect of the present disclosure includes an electrode body that includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and an exterior body that houses the electrode body and the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a negative electrode mixture layer formed on a surface of an electric body, the negative electrode mixture layer containing a negative electrode active material containing a carbon-based active material and a silicon-based active material;
- the G/D ratio obtained by spectroscopic measurement is characterized by being 40-130.
- charge/discharge cycle characteristics can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that is an example of an embodiment
- a cylindrical battery in which a wound electrode body is housed in a cylindrical outer body is exemplified, but the electrode body is not limited to a wound type, and a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes are interposed between separators. It may be of a laminated type in which one sheet is alternately laminated on the other.
- the exterior body is not limited to a cylindrical shape, and may be, for example, rectangular, coin-shaped, or the like.
- the outer package may be a pouch type configured by a laminate sheet including a metal layer and a resin layer.
- FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a cylindrical secondary battery 10 that is an example of an embodiment.
- an electrode body 14 and a non-aqueous electrolyte (not shown) are housed in an exterior body 15 .
- the electrode body 14 has a wound structure in which the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 are wound with the separator 13 interposed therebetween.
- the sealing member 16 side will be referred to as "upper”
- the bottom side of the outer package 15 will be referred to as "lower”.
- the inside of the secondary battery 10 is hermetically sealed by closing the upper end of the exterior body 15 with the sealing body 16 .
- Insulating plates 17 and 18 are provided above and below the electrode body 14, respectively.
- the positive electrode lead 19 extends upward through the through hole of the insulating plate 17 and is welded to the lower surface of the filter 22 which is the bottom plate of the sealing member 16 .
- the cap 26, which is the top plate of the sealing member 16 electrically connected to the filter 22, serves as a positive electrode terminal.
- the negative electrode lead 20 passes through the through hole of the insulating plate 18 , extends to the bottom side of the exterior body 15 , and is welded to the bottom inner surface of the exterior body 15 .
- the exterior body 15 becomes a negative electrode terminal.
- the negative electrode lead 20 passes through the insulating plate 18 and extends to the bottom side of the outer package 15 and is welded to the bottom inner surface of the outer package 15. .
- the exterior body 15 is, for example, a bottomed cylindrical metal exterior can.
- a gasket 27 is provided between the exterior body 15 and the sealing body 16 to ensure hermetic sealing of the inside of the secondary battery 10 .
- the exterior body 15 has, for example, a grooved portion 21 that supports the sealing body 16 and is formed by pressing the side portion from the outside.
- the grooved portion 21 is preferably annularly formed along the circumferential direction of the exterior body 15 , and supports the sealing body 16 via a gasket 27 on its upper surface.
- the sealing body 16 has a filter 22, a lower valve body 23, an insulating member 24, an upper valve body 25, and a cap 26 which are stacked in order from the electrode body 14 side.
- Each member constituting the sealing member 16 has, for example, a disk shape or a ring shape, and each member other than the insulating member 24 is electrically connected to each other.
- the lower valve body 23 and the upper valve body 25 are connected to each other at their central portions, and an insulating member 24 is interposed between their peripheral edge portions.
- the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, the separator 13, and the non-aqueous electrolyte that make up the electrode body 14, particularly the negative electrode 12, will be described in detail below.
- the positive electrode 11 has, for example, a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode mixture layers are preferably formed on both sides of the positive electrode current collector.
- As the positive electrode current collector a foil of a metal such as aluminum that is stable in the positive electrode potential range, a film having the metal on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- the positive electrode mixture layer contains, for example, a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive agent, and the like.
- a positive electrode slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive agent, etc. is applied onto a positive electrode current collector, dried to form a positive electrode mixture layer, and then the positive electrode mixture layer is rolled. It can be produced by
- Examples of positive electrode active materials include lithium transition metal oxides containing transition metal elements such as Co, Mn, and Ni.
- Lithium transition metal oxides include, for example, Li x CoO 2 , Li x NiO 2 , Li x MnO 2 , Li x Co y Ni 1-y O 2 , Li x Co y M 1-y O z , Li x Ni 1 -yMyOz , LixMn2O4 , LixMn2 - yMyO4 , LiMPO4 , Li2MPO4F ( M ; Na , Mg , Sc , Y , Mn, Fe, Co, At least one of Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Cr, Pb, Sb, and B, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.9, 2.0 ⁇ z ⁇ 2.3).
- the positive electrode active material is Li x NiO 2 , Li x Co y Ni 1-y O 2 , Li x Ni 1- y My O z ( M; at least one of Na, Mg, Sc, Y, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Cr, Pb, Sb, and B, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0 .9, 2.0 ⁇ z ⁇ 2.3).
- Examples of the conductive agent contained in the positive electrode mixture layer include carbon black (CB), acetylene black (AB), ketjen black, carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene, graphite and other carbon materials. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Binders contained in the positive electrode mixture layer include fluorine-based resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide-based resins, acrylic-based resins, and polyolefin-based resins. etc. can be exemplified. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, these resins may be used in combination with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or salts thereof, polyethylene oxide (PEO), and the like.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- polyimide-based resins acrylic-based resins
- acrylic-based resins acrylic-based resins
- polyolefin-based resins etc.
- the negative electrode 12 has a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode mixture layers are preferably formed on both sides of the negative electrode current collector.
- a foil of a metal such as copper that is stable in the potential range of the negative electrode, a film having the metal on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- the negative electrode mixture layer contains a negative electrode active material containing a carbon-based active material and a silicon-based active material, and carbon nanotubes (CNT).
- CNTs function as a conductive agent that secures a conductive path in the negative electrode mixture layer.
- Graphite etc. can be illustrated as a carbon-type active material.
- Graphite may be any of natural graphite such as flaky graphite, massive graphite and earthy graphite, artificial graphite such as massive artificial graphite and graphitized mesophase carbon microbeads. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- silicon-based active materials examples include Si oxides represented by SiO x (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.0), and lithium silicate phases represented by Li 2y SiO (2+y) (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2).
- Si-containing compounds in which Si fine particles are dispersed, Si—C composites in which Si fine particles are dispersed in a carbon phase, and the like can be exemplified. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the silicon-based active material in the negative electrode mixture layer is preferably 8% by mass to 20% by mass with respect to the total mass of the negative electrode active material. Thereby, the battery capacity can be improved.
- the content of the silicon-based active material is large, the conductive path in the negative electrode mixture layer is lost due to repeated charging and discharging, and the cycle characteristics of the battery tend to deteriorate.
- the negative electrode mixture layer contains CNTs having a G/D ratio within a predetermined range, cycle characteristics can be improved.
- the average particle diameter (D50, volume-based median diameter) of the carbon-based active material is, for example, 5 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, and the D50 of the silicon-based active material is, for example, 2 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m. If the average particle size of the carbon-based active material and the silicon-based active material is within the above range, side reactions between the active material and the electrolytic solution and loss of conductive paths in the negative electrode mixture layer can be more effectively suppressed. can.
- D50 means a particle size at which the cumulative frequency is 50% from the smaller particle size in the volume-based particle size distribution, and is also called median diameter.
- the particle size distribution of the carbon-based active material and the silicon-based active material can be measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (eg MT3000II manufactured by Microtrack Bell Co., Ltd.) using water as a dispersion medium.
- a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer eg MT3000II manufactured by Microtrack Bell Co., Ltd.
- the negative electrode active material may contain active materials other than carbon-based active materials and silicon-based active materials.
- active materials other than carbon-based active materials and silicon-based active materials include metals such as Sn that are alloyed with Li, metal compounds containing Sn and the like, lithium-titanium composite oxides, and the like.
- the G/D ratio obtained by Raman spectroscopic measurement of the carbon nanotubes (CNT) contained in the negative electrode mixture layer is 40-130. Thereby, the cycle characteristics of the battery can be improved. Although the details of the mechanism are not clear, since the G/D ratio represents the crystal ratio, it is assumed that the CNT must have an appropriate amount of structural defects in order to secure the conductive path in the negative electrode mixture layer. be done. If the G/D ratio is lower than 40, there are too many structural defects, the conductivity efficiency of the CNT is lowered, and the cycle characteristics are deteriorated. It is assumed that the side reaction between the electrolyte and the electrolyte solution increases and the cycle characteristics deteriorate.
- the G/D ratio is the ratio of the peak intensity of G-Band (1550 cm -1 to 1600 cm -1 ) to the peak intensity of D-Band (1300 cm -1 to 1350 cm -1 ) in Raman spectroscopy. CNTs with a high G/D ratio have high crystallinity.
- the Raman spectroscopic spectrum of CNT can be measured using a Raman spectrometer (eg, NRS-5500 manufactured by JASCO Corporation).
- a Raman spectrometer eg, NRS-5500 manufactured by JASCO Corporation.
- the CNTs are dispensed onto a slide and flattened using a spatula to measure a prepared sample.
- Measurement conditions are, for example, as follows. Measurement time: 5 seconds Accumulation times: 2 Neutral density filter OD: 0.3 Objective lens magnification: 100 times Measurement range: 950 cm -1 to 1900 cm -1
- the content of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in the negative electrode mixture layer is preferably 0.01% by mass to 0.1% by mass, more preferably 0.01% by mass to 0.01% by mass, relative to the total mass of the negative electrode active material. 05% by mass is more preferable. Within this range, the content of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode mixture layer can be sufficiently ensured, so that the cycle characteristics can be improved without lowering the battery capacity.
- Examples of carbon nanotubes (CNT) contained in the negative electrode mixture layer include single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT).
- the CNTs contained in the negative electrode mixture layer are preferably SWCNTs.
- the CNTs contained in the negative electrode mixture layer may be a combination of SWCNTs and MWCNTs.
- the diameter of SWCNT is, for example, 0.1 nm to 2 nm. Also, the length of the SWCNT is, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
- the diameter of SWCNT is calculated from the average value of 10 SWCNT diameters measured using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The length of SWCNT is calculated by measuring the length of 10 SWCNTs using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and calculating their average value.
- the diameter of MWCNT is, for example, 3 nm to 100 nm. Also, the length of the MWCNT is, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m. The diameter and length of MWCNTs can be calculated in the same manner as for SWCNTs.
- the negative electrode mixture layer may contain a conductive agent other than CNT.
- conductive agents other than CNT include carbon materials such as carbon black (CB), acetylene black (AB), ketjen black, and graphite. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the negative electrode mixture layer may further contain a thickener, a binder, and the like.
- a binder contained in the negative electrode mixture layer as in the case of the positive electrode 11, fluorine-based resins such as PTFE and PVdF, PAN, PI, acrylic resins, polyolefin-based resins, and the like may be used, but are preferably used. Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is used.
- the negative electrode mixture layer may contain CMC or its salt, polyacrylic acid (PAA) or its salt, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), or the like.
- the negative electrode 12 for example, a negative electrode slurry in which a negative electrode active material, CNT, a thickener, and a binder are dispersed in water at a predetermined mass ratio is applied on the negative electrode current collector, and the coating is dried. After the negative electrode mixture layer is formed on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector by rolling, the negative electrode mixture layer can be formed.
- a porous sheet having ion permeability and insulation is used for the separator.
- porous sheets include microporous thin films, woven fabrics, and non-woven fabrics.
- Polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, cellulose, and the like are suitable for the material of the separator.
- the separator may have a single layer structure or a laminated structure.
- a layer of resin having high heat resistance such as aramid resin and a filler layer containing inorganic compound filler may be provided on the surface of the separator.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte contains a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- non-aqueous solvents examples include esters, ethers, nitriles such as acetonitrile, amides such as dimethylformamide, and mixed solvents of two or more thereof.
- the non-aqueous solvent may contain a halogen-substituted product obtained by substituting at least part of the hydrogen atoms of these solvents with halogen atoms such as fluorine.
- halogen-substituted compounds include fluorinated cyclic carbonates such as fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), fluorinated chain carbonates, and fluorinated chain carboxylates such as methyl fluoropropionate (FMP).
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- FMP fluorinated chain carboxylates
- esters examples include cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl propyl carbonate. , Ethyl propyl carbonate, Methyl isopropyl carbonate, and other chain carbonates; ⁇ -Butyrolactone (GBL), ⁇ -Valerolactone (GVL), and other cyclic carboxylic acid esters; ), and chain carboxylic acid esters such as ethyl propionate.
- cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and butylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- EMC diethyl carbonate
- methyl propyl carbonate methyl propyl carbonate
- Ethyl propyl carbonate Methyl isoprop
- ethers examples include 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4 -dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, furan, 2-methylfuran, 1,8-cineol, cyclic ethers such as crown ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether , dihexyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, methyl phenyl ether, ethyl phenyl ether, butyl phenyl ether, pentyl phenyl ether, methoxytoluene, benzyl ethyl ether, diphenyl ether, cycl
- the electrolyte salt is a lithium salt.
- lithium salts include LiBF4 , LiClO4, LiPF6 , LiAsF6 , LiSbF6 , LiAlCl4 , LiSCN , LiCF3SO3 , LiCF3CO2 , Li ( P ( C2O4 ) F4 ), LiPF 6-x (C n F 2n+1 ) x (1 ⁇ x ⁇ 6, n is 1 or 2), LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiCl, LiBr, LiI, lithium chloroborane, lithium lower aliphatic carboxylate, Li 2 B 4O7 , borates such as Li( B ( C2O4 )F2), LiN( SO2CF3 ) 2 , LiN( C1F2l + 1SO2 ) ( CmF2m +1SO2 ) ⁇ l , where m is an integer of 0 or more ⁇ .
- Lithium salts may be used singly or in combination. Of these, it is preferable to use LiPF 6 from the viewpoint of ion conductivity, electrochemical stability, and the like.
- the concentration of the lithium salt is preferably, for example, 0.8 mol to 1.8 mol per 1 L of the non-aqueous solvent.
- ⁇ Experimental example 1> [Preparation of negative electrode] A mixture of graphite and SiO at a mass ratio of 90:10 was used as the negative electrode active material. 100 parts by mass of the negative electrode active material, 1 part by mass of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), 1 part by mass of polyacrylic acid (PAA), and 1 part by mass of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) are mixed, and G Carbon nanotubes (CNT) having a /D ratio of 10 were added in an amount of 0.01% by mass relative to the mass of the negative electrode active material, and an appropriate amount of water was added to prepare a negative electrode slurry.
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- PAA polyacrylic acid
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- the negative electrode slurry was applied to both sides of a negative electrode current collector made of copper foil having a thickness of 8 ⁇ m, and the coating film was dried.
- a negative electrode was produced by cutting into a length of 0 mm and a length of 900 mm.
- a negative electrode current collector exposed portion for connecting a negative electrode lead was provided at one end in the width direction of the negative electrode.
- Ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) are mixed at a volume ratio of 25:5:70, and 2 parts by mass of fluoroethylene is added to 100 parts by mass of a mixed solvent.
- a carbonate (FEC) was added to prepare a non-aqueous solvent.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared by dissolving lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) in the non-aqueous solvent to a concentration of 1.5 mol/liter.
- a bipolar test cell composed of a working electrode and a counter electrode was prepared as follows. First, a working electrode was prepared by connecting a negative electrode lead to the negative electrode current collector exposed portion of the negative electrode. Next, a Ni lead was connected to the lithium metal foil to prepare a counter electrode. An electrode assembly was constructed by arranging a working electrode and a counter electrode so as to face each other with a separator interposed therebetween, and this electrode assembly was accommodated in an exterior body composed of an aluminum laminate film. After the non-aqueous electrolyte was injected into the outer package, the outer package was sealed to prepare a test cell.
- the charge and discharge of the test cell correspond to the charge and discharge of the negative electrode, which is the working electrode, respectively, and the voltage (V) corresponds to the potential of the working electrode with respect to Li metal (vs. Li + /Li).
- Capacity retention rate (discharge capacity at 10th cycle/discharge capacity at 1st cycle) x 100
- Example 2 A test cell was fabricated and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 40 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in fabricating the negative electrode.
- Example 3 A test cell was fabricated and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 60 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in fabricating the negative electrode.
- Example 4 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 90 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in the production of the negative electrode.
- Example 5 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 130 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in the production of the negative electrode.
- Example 6 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 150 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in the production of the negative electrode.
- Example 7 A test cell was fabricated and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that the amount of CNT added to the mass of the negative electrode active material was changed to 0.02% by mass in the fabrication of the negative electrode.
- Example 8 A test cell was fabricated and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 7, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 40 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in fabricating the negative electrode.
- Example 9 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 7, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 were replaced with CNTs with a G/D ratio of 60 in the production of the negative electrode.
- Example 10 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 7, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 90 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in the production of the negative electrode.
- Example 11 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 7, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 130 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in the production of the negative electrode.
- Example 12 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 7, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 150 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in the production of the negative electrode.
- Example 13 A test cell was fabricated and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that the amount of CNT added to the mass of the negative electrode active material was changed to 0.04% by mass in fabricating the negative electrode.
- Example 14 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 13, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 40 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in the production of the negative electrode.
- Example 15 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 13, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 60 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in the production of the negative electrode.
- Example 16 A test cell was fabricated and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 13, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 90 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in fabricating the negative electrode.
- Example 17 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 13, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 130 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in the production of the negative electrode.
- Example 18 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 13, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 150 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in the production of the negative electrode.
- Example 19 A test cell was fabricated and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that the amount of CNT added to the mass of the negative electrode active material was changed to 0.05% by mass in fabricating the negative electrode.
- Example 20 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 19, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 40 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in the production of the negative electrode.
- Example 21 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 19, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 60 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in the production of the negative electrode.
- Example 22 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 19, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 90 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in the production of the negative electrode.
- Example 23 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 19, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 130 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in the production of the negative electrode.
- Example 24 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 19, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 150 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in the production of the negative electrode.
- Example 25 A test cell was fabricated and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that the amount of CNT added to the mass of the negative electrode active material was changed to 0.1% by mass in the fabrication of the negative electrode.
- Example 26 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 25, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 40 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in the production of the negative electrode.
- Example 27 A test cell was fabricated and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 25, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 were replaced with CNTs with a G/D ratio of 60 in the fabrication of the negative electrode.
- Example 28 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 25, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 90 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in the production of the negative electrode.
- Example 29 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 25, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 130 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in the production of the negative electrode.
- Example 30 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 25, except that CNTs with a G/D ratio of 150 were used instead of CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 in the production of the negative electrode.
- Example 31 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that CNT was not added in the production of the negative electrode.
- Tables 1 to 5 The evaluation results of the test cells according to Experimental Examples 1 to 30 are listed separately in Tables 1 to 5 for each amount of CNT added.
- Tables 1 to 5 the capacity retention rates of Experimental Examples 1, 7, 13, 19, and 25 are set to 100, and the capacity retention rates of other Experimental Examples are shown relative to each other.
- Table 6 lists the evaluation results of Experimental Examples 4, 10, 16, 22, and 28 and Experimental Example 31, where the G/D ratio is 90.
- the capacity retention rate of Experimental Example 31 is set to 100, and the capacity retention rates of other Experimental Examples are shown relatively.
- Tables 1 to 6 also show the amount of CNT added and the G/D ratio.
- the experimental examples containing CNTs with a G/D ratio of 40 to 130 have better cycle characteristics than the experimental examples containing CNTs with a G/D ratio of 10 and 150. . Also, the cycle characteristics of the experimental examples having CNTs with a G/D ratio of 40 to 90 are significantly improved.
- all of the experimental examples containing CNT have better cycle characteristics than Experimental Example 31, which does not contain CNT.
- the cycle characteristics are remarkably improved.
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Abstract
Description
正極11は、例えば、正極集電体と、正極集電体の表面に形成された正極合剤層とを有する。正極合剤層は、正極集電体の両面に形成されることが好ましい。正極集電体には、アルミニウムなどの正極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極合剤層は、例えば、正極活物質、結着剤、導電剤等を含む。正極11は、例えば、正極活物質、結着剤、導電剤等を含む正極スラリーを正極集電体上に塗布、乾燥して正極合剤層を形成した後、この正極合剤層を圧延することにより作製できる。
負極12は、負極集電体と、負極集電体の表面に形成された負極合剤層とを有する。負極合剤層は、負極集電体の両面に形成されることが好ましい。負極集電体には、銅などの負極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。
測定時間:5秒
積算回数:2回
減光フィルタOD:0.3
対物レンズ倍率:100倍
測定範囲:950cm-1~1900cm-1
セパレータには、イオン透過性及び絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータの材質としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン、セルロースなどが好適である。セパレータは、単層構造であってもよく、積層構造を有していてもよい。また、セパレータの表面には、アラミド樹脂等の耐熱性の高い樹脂層、無機化合物のフィラーを含むフィラー層が設けられていてもよい。
非水電解質は、非水溶媒と、非水溶媒に溶解した電解質塩とを含む。非水溶媒には、例えばエステル類、エーテル類、アセトニトリル等のニトリル類、ジメチルホルムアミド等のアミド類、及びこれらの2種以上の混合溶媒等を用いることができる。非水溶媒は、これら溶媒の水素原子の少なくとも一部をフッ素等のハロゲン原子で置換したハロゲン置換体を含有していてもよい。ハロゲン置換体としては、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)等のフッ素化環状炭酸エステル、フッ素化鎖状炭酸エステル、フルオロプロピオン酸メチル(FMP)等のフッ素化鎖状カルボン酸エステルなどが挙げられる。
[負極の作製]
黒鉛と、SiOとを、90:10の質量比で混合したものを負極活物質として用いた。100質量部の負極活物質と、1質量部のカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)と、1質量部のポリアクリル酸(PAA)と、1質量部のスチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)とを混合し、さらに、G/D比が10のカーボンナノチューブ(CNT)を負極活物質の質量に対して0.01質量%添加し、水を適量加えて、負極スラリーを調製した。当該負極スラリーを、厚み8μmの銅箔からなる負極集電体の両面に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、負極の厚みが0.117mmになるように圧延ローラで圧延し、幅58.0mm、長さ900mmに切断して、負極を作製した。なお、負極には、負極リードを接続するための負極集電体露出部を、幅方向一端部に設けた。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)と、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)とを、25:5:70の体積比で混合した100質量部の混合溶媒に対して、2質量部のフルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)を添加して非水溶媒を作製した。当該非水溶媒に六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)を1.5モル/リットルの濃度となるように溶解させて、非水電解質を調製した。
上記負極を評価するため、作用極と対極から構成される2極式の試験セルを次のように作製した。まず、上記負極の負極集電体露出部に負極リードを接続して作用極を作製した。次に、リチウム金属箔にNiリードを接続して対極を作製した。作用極と対極とをセパレータを介して対向配置して電極体を構成し、この電極体をアルミニウムラミネートフィルムで構成される外装体内に収容した。外装体に上記非水電解質を注入した後、外装体を封止して試験セルを作製した。以下、試験セルの充電及び放電はそれぞれ作用極である負極の充電及び放電に対応しており、電圧(V)はLi金属に対する作用極の電位(vs.Li+/Li)に相当する。
上記試験セルを、環境温度25℃の下、0.1Cの定電流で0.05Vまで充電し、次に、0.05Cの定電流で0.05Vまで充電し、さらに、0.01Cの定電流で0.05Vまで充電した。その後、0.1Cの定電流で1.0Vまで放電し、次に、0.05Cの定電流で1.0Vまで放電し、さらに、0.01Cの定電流で1.0Vまで放電した。この充放電を1サイクルとして、10サイクル行った。以下の式により、試験セルの充放電サイクルにおける容量維持率を求めた。
容量維持率=(10サイクル目の放電容量/1サイクル目の放電容量)×100
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が40のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が60のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が90のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が130のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が150のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、負極活物質の質量に対するCNTの添加量を0.02質量%に変更したこと以外は、実験例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が40のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例7と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が60のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例7と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が90のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例7と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が130のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例7と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が150のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例7と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、負極活物質の質量に対するCNTの添加量を0.04質量%に変更したこと以外は、実験例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が40のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例13と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が60のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例13と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が90のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例13と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が130のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例13と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が150のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例13と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、負極活物質の質量に対するCNTの添加量を0.05質量%に変更したこと以外は、実験例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が40のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例19と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が60のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例19と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が90のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例19と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が130のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例19と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が150のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例19と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、負極活物質の質量に対するCNTの添加量を0.1質量%に変更したこと以外は、実験例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が40のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例25と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が60のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例25と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が90のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例25と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が130のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例25と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、G/D比が10のCNTの代わりにG/D比が150のCNTを用いたこと以外は、実験例25と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
負極の作製において、CNTを添加しなかったこと以外は、実験例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
Claims (3)
- 正極及び負極を含む電極体と、前記電極体と非水電解質を収容する外装体とを備える非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記負極は、負極集電体と、前記負極集電体の表面に形成された負極合剤層とを有し、
前記負極合剤層は、炭素系活物質及びケイ素系活物質を含む負極活物質と、カーボンナノチューブとを含有し、
前記カーボンナノチューブのラマン分光測定により得られるG/D比は、40~130である、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記負極合剤層における前記カーボンナノチューブの含有量は、前記負極活物質の総質量に対して、0.01質量%~0.1質量%である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記負極合剤層における前記ケイ素系活物質の含有量は、前記負極活物質の総質量に対して、8質量%~20質量%である、請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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EP4386890A1 (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2024-06-19 | Prime Planet Energy & Solutions, Inc. | Negative electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and method of producing the same |
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