WO2022070894A1 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022070894A1 WO2022070894A1 PCT/JP2021/033789 JP2021033789W WO2022070894A1 WO 2022070894 A1 WO2022070894 A1 WO 2022070894A1 JP 2021033789 W JP2021033789 W JP 2021033789W WO 2022070894 A1 WO2022070894 A1 WO 2022070894A1
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- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- mass
- mixture layer
- active material
- secondary battery
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and more particularly to a high-capacity non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery equipped with a negative electrode containing Si.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a compound containing Si as a negative electrode active material. Further, in Patent Document 1, the expansion rate associated with the insertion of lithium in the negative electrode is set to 1.05 or more and 3.0 or less, and the equivalent ratio of Li to Si of the negative electrode material when the battery is charged to the end of charging voltage is in a specific range. It is stated that the cycle characteristics of the battery are improved by adjusting the inside.
- the negative electrode containing Si has a large volume change due to charge / discharge, and there is a problem that the charge / discharge cycle characteristics of the battery deteriorate due to this.
- the large volume change of the negative electrode due to charging and discharging promotes the decomposition of the electrolyte, which contributes to the deterioration of the cycle characteristics.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of Patent Document 1 still has room for improvement in cycle characteristics.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, and the negative electrode is at least one of a negative electrode core and a negative electrode core. It has a negative electrode mixture layer formed on the surface, and the ratio (E1 / E2) of the charge swelling rate (E1) to the discharge swelling rate (E2) of the negative electrode is 1.05 or more and less than 1.15, and the negative electrode.
- the content of the silicon material in the mixture layer with respect to the mass of the negative electrode active material is 3 to 12% by mass.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure is a high-capacity battery equipped with a negative electrode containing Si, and has excellent cycle characteristics.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery which is an example of an embodiment.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery provided with the negative electrode containing Si has a high capacity, but there is a problem that the volume change of the negative electrode due to charging and discharging is large, and the cycle characteristics are deteriorated due to this. be.
- the present inventors have diligently studied the ratio (E1 / E2) of the charge swelling rate (E1) to the discharge swelling rate (E2) of the negative electrode in order to improve the cycle characteristics of the battery, and as a result, the ratio (E1). It was found that the cycle characteristics are specifically improved when / E2) is 1.05 or more and less than 1.15.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery satisfying the condition of 1.05 ⁇ (E1 / E2) ⁇ 1.15 is superior in cycle characteristics to a battery not satisfying this condition.
- the outer body of the battery is not limited to the cylindrical outer can, for example, a square outer can. It may be a can (square battery), a coin-shaped outer can (coin-shaped battery), or an outer body (laminated battery) composed of a laminated sheet including a metal layer and a resin layer. Further, the electrode body may be a laminated electrode body in which a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes are alternately laminated via a separator.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 which is an example of an embodiment.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 includes a winding type electrode body 14, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and an outer can 16 for accommodating the electrode body 14 and the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the electrode body 14 has a positive electrode 11, a negative electrode 12, and a separator 13, and has a wound structure in which the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 are spirally wound via the separator 13.
- the outer can 16 is a bottomed cylindrical metal container having an opening on one side in the axial direction, and the opening of the outer can 16 is closed by a sealing body 17.
- the battery sealing body 17 side is on the top and the bottom side of the outer can 16 is on the bottom.
- the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13 constituting the electrode body 14 are all strip-shaped long bodies, and are alternately laminated in the radial direction of the electrode body 14 by being wound in a spiral shape.
- the negative electrode 12 is formed to have a size one size larger than that of the positive electrode 11 in order to prevent the precipitation of lithium. That is, the negative electrode 12 is formed longer than the positive electrode 11 in the longitudinal direction and the width direction (short direction).
- the separator 13 is formed to have a size at least one size larger than that of the positive electrode 11, and two separators 13 are arranged so as to sandwich the positive electrode 11.
- the electrode body 14 has a positive electrode lead 20 connected to the positive electrode 11 by welding or the like, and a negative electrode lead 21 connected to the negative electrode 12 by welding or the like.
- Insulating plates 18 and 19 are arranged above and below the electrode body 14, respectively.
- the positive electrode lead 20 extends to the sealing body 17 side through the through hole of the insulating plate 18, and the negative electrode lead 21 extends to the bottom side of the outer can 16 through the outside of the insulating plate 19.
- the positive electrode lead 20 is connected to the lower surface of the internal terminal plate 23 of the sealing body 17 by welding or the like, and the cap 27, which is the top plate of the sealing body 17 electrically connected to the internal terminal plate 23, serves as the positive electrode terminal.
- the negative electrode lead 21 is connected to the inner surface of the bottom of the outer can 16 by welding or the like, and the outer can 16 serves as a negative electrode terminal.
- the outer can 16 is a bottomed cylindrical metal container having one side open in the axial direction.
- a gasket 28 is provided between the outer can 16 and the sealing body 17 to ensure the airtightness inside the battery and the insulating property between the outer can 16 and the sealing body 17.
- the outer can 16 is formed with a grooved portion 22 that supports the sealing body 17, with a part of the side surface portion protruding inward.
- the grooved portion 22 is preferably formed in an annular shape along the circumferential direction of the outer can 16, and the sealing body 17 is supported on the upper surface thereof.
- the sealing body 17 is fixed to the upper part of the outer can 16 by the grooved portion 22 and the opening end portion of the outer can 16 crimped to the sealing body 17.
- the sealing body 17 has a structure in which an internal terminal plate 23, a lower valve body 24, an insulating member 25, an upper valve body 26, and a cap 27 are laminated in this order from the electrode body 14 side.
- Each member constituting the sealing body 17 has, for example, a disk shape or a ring shape, and each member except the insulating member 25 is electrically connected to each other.
- the lower valve body 24 and the upper valve body 26 are connected at the central portion of each, and an insulating member 25 is interposed between the peripheral portions of each.
- the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, the separator 13, and the non-aqueous electrolyte constituting the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 will be described in detail with respect to the negative electrode 12.
- the positive electrode 11 has a positive electrode core 30 and a positive electrode mixture layer 31 formed on at least one surface of the positive electrode core 30.
- a metal foil stable in the potential range of the positive electrode 11, such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy, a film on which the metal is arranged on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 31 contains a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder, and is preferably formed on both surfaces of the positive electrode core body 30.
- the positive electrode 11 is formed by applying a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, a binder, and the like on a positive electrode core 30, drying the coating film, and then compressing the positive electrode mixture layer 31 into a positive electrode. It can be manufactured by forming it on both sides of the core body 30.
- Lithium transition metal composite oxide is used as the positive electrode active material.
- Elements contained in the lithium transition metal composite oxide include Ni, Co, Mn, Al, B, Mg, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sr, Zr, Nb, In, Sn, and Examples include Ta and W.
- An example of a suitable lithium transition metal composite oxide is a composite oxide containing at least one selected from Ni, Co, Mn, and Al. Specific examples include NCM-based composite oxides containing Ni, Co, and Mn, NCA-based composite oxides containing Ni, Co, and Al, and the like. Inorganic compound particles such as aluminum oxide and lanthanoid-containing compounds may be adhered to the surface of the particles of the lithium transition metal composite oxide.
- Examples of the conductive agent contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 31 include carbon materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, and graphite.
- Examples of the binder contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 31 include fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimides, acrylic resins, and polyolefins. These resins may be used in combination with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), salts of CMC, polyethylene oxide (PEO) and the like.
- the negative electrode 12 has a negative electrode core body 40 and a negative electrode mixture layer 41 formed on at least one surface of the negative electrode core body 40.
- a foil of a metal stable in the potential range of the negative electrode such as copper or a copper alloy, a film in which the metal is arranged on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 41 contains a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder, and is preferably formed on both surfaces of the negative electrode core body 40.
- the negative electrode 12 is formed by applying a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent, a binder, and the like onto the negative electrode core 40, drying the coating film, and then compressing the negative electrode mixture layer 41 into the negative electrode. It can be manufactured by forming it on both sides of the core body 40.
- the ratio (E1 / E2) of the charge swelling rate (E1) to the discharge swelling rate (E2) is 1.05 or more and less than 1.15, and the negative electrode in the negative electrode mixture layer 41
- the content of the silicon material with respect to the mass of the active material is 3 to 12% by mass. According to the negative electrode 12 satisfying this condition, the cycle characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 are specifically improved.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 41 may contain a simple substance of Si, but preferably exists as a silicon material which is a Si-containing compound whose volume change during charging and discharging is smaller than that of Si.
- the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer 41 is, for example, 30 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m or 50 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m on one side of the negative electrode core body 40.
- the filling density of the negative electrode mixture layer 41 is preferably 1.5 g / cm 3 or more from the viewpoint of increasing the capacity and the like.
- An example of a suitable packing density of the negative electrode mixture layer 41 is 1.5 to 1.9 g / cm 3 , or 1.6 to 1.8 g / cm 3 .
- the negative electrode mixture layer 41 is not limited to the single layer structure, and may be composed of a plurality of layers.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 41 contains graphite as a negative electrode active material, a first silicon material (SiO) containing a silicon oxide phase and Si dispersed in the silicon oxide phase, a lithium silicate phase and the silicic acid. It is preferable that a second silicon material (LSX) containing Si dispersed in the lithium phase is contained. By using graphite and silicon material together, it becomes easy to achieve both high capacity and good cycle characteristics.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 41 may contain a negative electrode active material other than graphite and two types of silicon materials as long as the object of the present disclosure is not impaired.
- An example of a suitable content of graphite is 70 to 97% by mass, 80 to 96% by mass, or 85 to 95% by mass with respect to the mass of the negative electrode active material. That is, an example of a suitable content of the silicon material is 3 to 30% by mass, 4 to 20% by mass, or 5 to 15% by mass with respect to the mass of the negative electrode active material.
- the content of the negative electrode active material is, for example, 90 to 99% by mass or 93 to 98% by mass with respect to the total mass of the negative electrode mixture layer 41.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 41 preferably contains a conductive agent and a binder as components other than the negative electrode active material.
- graphite natural graphite such as scaly graphite, massive artificial graphite, artificial graphite such as graphitized mesophase carbon microbeads, and the like are used.
- the BET specific surface area of graphite is, for example, 0.5 to 7.5 m 2 / g or 1 to 5 m 2 / g.
- the BET specific surface area is measured according to the BET method (nitrogen adsorption method) described in JIS R1626.
- An example of a volume-based medium diameter (D50) of graphite is 1 to 20 ⁇ m, or 2 to 15 ⁇ m.
- D50 is a particle size having a volume integrated value of 50% in the particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method.
- Graphite may be composed of one primary particle or may be a secondary particle formed by aggregating a plurality of primary particles.
- the first silicon material (SiO) and the second silicon material (LSX) are, for example, particles in which D50 is smaller than D50 of graphite.
- An example of the SiO and LSX D50 is 1 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, or 3 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- a conductive layer made of a highly conductive material may be formed on the surface of the SiO and LSX particles.
- An example of a suitable conductive layer is a carbon film made of a carbon material.
- the thickness of the conductive layer is preferably 1 to 200 nm or 5 to 100 nm in consideration of ensuring conductivity and diffusing lithium ions into the particles.
- the carbon film is composed of, for example, carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, graphite, and a mixture of two or more of these.
- Examples of the method of carbon-coating the surface of the particles of SiO and LSX include a CVD method using acetylene and methane, and a method of mixing coal pitch, petroleum pitch, phenol resin and the like with the particles of SiO and LSX and performing heat treatment. can.
- a carbon film may be formed by fixing carbon powder such as carbon black to the surface of the particles using a binder.
- the carbon film is formed, for example, with a mass of 0.5 to 10% by mass with respect to the mass of the particles of SiO and LSX.
- SiO has a particle structure in which fine Si particles are dispersed in a silicon oxide phase.
- a suitable SiO has a sea-island structure in which fine Si particles are substantially uniformly dispersed in an amorphous silicon oxide matrix, and is represented by the general formula SiO x (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.6). ..
- the content of Si particles is preferably 35 to 75% by mass with respect to the total mass of SiO, from the viewpoint of achieving both battery capacity and cycle characteristics. For example, if the content of Si particles is too low, the charge / discharge capacity decreases, and if the content of Si particles is too high, a part of the exposed Si particles that are not covered with silicon oxide come into contact with the electrolytic solution and cycle. The characteristics are reduced.
- the average particle size of the Si particles dispersed in the silicon oxide phase is, for example, 500 nm or less, preferably 200 nm or less, or 50 nm or less before charging / discharging. After charging / discharging, it is, for example, 400 nm or less, or 100 nm or less.
- the average particle size of the Si particles is determined as the average value of the longest diameters of 100 Si particles by observing the particle cross section of SiO using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the silicon oxide phase is composed of a set of particles finer than Si particles.
- LSX has a particle structure in which fine Si particles are dispersed in a lithium silicate phase.
- a suitable LSX has a sea-island structure in which fine Si particles are substantially uniformly dispersed in a matrix of lithium silicate represented by the general formula Li 2z SiO (2 + z) (0 ⁇ z ⁇ 2).
- the content of Si particles is preferably 35 to 75% by mass with respect to the total mass of LSX, as in the case of SiO.
- the average particle size of the Si particles is, for example, 500 nm or less, preferably 200 nm or less, or 50 nm or less before charging / discharging.
- the lithium silicate phase is composed of a set of particles finer than Si particles.
- Li 4 SiO 4 is an unstable compound that reacts with water to show alkalinity, which may alter Si to reduce the charge / discharge capacity.
- the content of the main component is preferably more than 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of the lithium silicate phase, and 80% by mass or more. More preferred.
- SiO can be produced, for example, by the following steps 1 to 3.
- Si and silicon oxide are mixed at a weight ratio of 20:80 to 95: 5 to prepare a mixture.
- Si and silicon oxide are pulverized into fine particles by a ball mill.
- the pulverized mixture is heat-treated at 600 to 1000 ° C. in an inert atmosphere.
- LSX can be produced by using lithium silicate instead of silicon oxide.
- a pressure may be applied to prepare a sintered body of the mixture as in a hot press.
- the sintered body is pulverized to a predetermined particle size.
- Lithium silicate represented by Li 2z SiO (2 + z) (0 ⁇ z ⁇ 2) is stable in the temperature range of 600 to 1000 ° C. and does not react with Si, so that the capacity does not decrease. It is also possible to produce LSX by synthesizing Si nanoparticles and lithium silicate nanoparticles and mixing them and performing heat treatment without using a ball mill.
- the negative electrode 12 has a charge swelling rate (E1) ratio (E1 / E2) of 1.05 or more and less than 1.15 to the discharge swelling rate (E2). If the ratio (E1 / E2) is less than 1.05 or 1.15 or more, the cycle characteristics are significantly deteriorated. Therefore, the negative electrode 12 is set so as to satisfy the condition of 1.05 ⁇ (E1 / E2) ⁇ 1.15. Need to be manufactured.
- the charge swelling rate (E1) and the discharge swelling rate (E2) are determined by performing an aging treatment after manufacturing the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10, and then disassembling the battery after performing a second charge and discharge, respectively. Is measured.
- the charge / discharge conditions of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 in the measurement of the charge swelling rate (E1) and the discharge swelling rate (E2) are as follows.
- the negative electrode is taken out from the disassembled battery, the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer is measured, and the swelling rate is obtained by comparing with the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer immediately after the negative electrode is manufactured.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 is charged with a constant current of 0.2 It at a constant current of 0.2 V until the battery voltage reaches 4.2 V under a temperature environment of 25 ° C., and then the current value becomes 0.02 It at 4.2 V. Charge at a constant voltage until it becomes. Then, constant current discharge is performed with a constant current of 0.2 It until the battery voltage reaches 3.0 V. The battery is charged again under the same conditions, the charged battery is disassembled, and the charge expansion rate (E1) is measured. Further, the battery in the discharged state is disassembled by charging and discharging again under the same conditions, and the discharge swelling rate (E2) is measured.
- a more preferable range of the ratio (E1 / E2) is, for example, 1.06 to 1.13 (1.06 or more and 1.13 or less), or 1.07 to 1.10.
- the presence / absence and content of SiO and LSX in the negative electrode mixture layer 41 greatly affect the ratio (E1 / E2), but the ratio (E1 / E2) has components other than the silicon material, such as a conductive agent and a binder.
- the content of the silicon material (SiO, LSX) in the negative electrode mixture layer 41 is 3 to 12% by mass, preferably 3 to 9% by mass, based on the mass of the negative electrode active material. SiO and LSX are added to the negative electrode mixture slurry for forming the negative electrode mixture layer 41 so that the content of the negative electrode active material is 3 to 12% by mass with respect to the mass. If the content of the silicon material is out of the range, it becomes difficult to satisfy the condition of the ratio (E1 / E2), and high capacity and good cycle characteristics cannot be achieved at the same time.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 41 preferably contains 1% by mass or more of LSX with respect to the mass of the negative electrode active material.
- LSX has higher charge / discharge efficiency than SiO, and the volume change due to charge / discharge is gradual.
- the ratio (E1 / E2) can be easily adjusted.
- the upper limit of the content of LSX is, for example, 10% by mass with respect to the mass of the negative electrode active material.
- An example of a suitable content of LXS is 1-10% by mass or 2-8% by mass.
- the ratio of the mass of LSX to the mass of SiO is, for example, 0.2 to 6.
- the ratio (E1 / E2) can be easily adjusted, and both high capacity and good cycle characteristics can be achieved.
- the charge / discharge efficiencies of the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 may be set to the same level.
- the combined use of SiO and LSX facilitates the adjustment of such charge / discharge efficiency.
- a more preferred range of mass ratios of SiO and LSX is 0.5-5, or 0.6-3, or 0.8-2, or 1-1.5.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 41 preferably contains 0.01 to 0.1% by mass, or 0.05 to 0.1% by mass of carbon nanotubes (CNT) with respect to the mass of the negative electrode active material. ..
- the CNT functions as a conductive material and forms a good conductive path in the negative electrode mixture layer 41.
- the CNT may be not only a single-walled CNT but also a double-walled CNT, a multi-walled CNT, and a mixture thereof. Further, the CNT may be a vapor phase grown carbon fiber called VGCF (registered trademark).
- the CNT has a diameter of 2 nm to 20 ⁇ m and a total length of 0.03 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, for example.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 41 contains carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or a salt thereof, a styrene-butadiene copolymer (SBR), and polyacrylic acid in an amount of 0.1 to 3% by mass based on the mass of the negative electrode active material. It preferably contains (PAA) or a salt thereof.
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- SBR styrene-butadiene copolymer
- PAA styrene-butadiene copolymer
- the negative electrode mixture layer 41 may contain other conductive agents, binders and the like.
- a porous sheet having ion permeability and insulating property is used as the separator 13.
- the porous sheet include a microporous thin film, a woven fabric, and a non-woven fabric.
- the material of the separator 13 polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin such as a copolymer of ethylene and ⁇ -olefin, cellulose and the like are suitable.
- the separator 13 may have either a single-layer structure or a laminated structure.
- a heat-resistant layer containing inorganic particles, a heat-resistant layer made of a highly heat-resistant resin such as an aramid resin, polyimide, or polyamide-imide may be formed on the surface of the separator 13.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte includes, for example, a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- a non-aqueous solvent for example, esters, ethers, nitriles such as acetonitrile, amides such as dimethylformamide, and a mixed solvent of two or more of these can be used.
- the non-aqueous solvent may contain a halogen-substituted product in which at least a part of hydrogen in these solvents is substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine.
- halogen substituent examples include a fluorinated cyclic carbonate ester such as fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), a fluorinated chain carbonate ester, and a fluorinated chain carboxylic acid ester such as methyl fluoropropionate (FMP).
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- FMP fluorinated chain carboxylic acid ester
- esters examples include cyclic carbonate esters such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and methylpropyl carbonate.
- cyclic carbonate esters such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and methylpropyl carbonate.
- GBL ⁇ -butyrolactone
- VL ⁇ -valerolactone
- MP propyl acetate
- EP methyl propionate
- ethers examples include 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahexyl, propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4.
- -Cyclic ethers such as dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, furan, 2-methylfuran, 1,8-cineole, crown ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether , Dihexyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, methyl phenyl ether, ethyl phenyl ether, butyl phenyl ether, pentyl phenyl ether, methoxy toluene, benzyl ethyl ether, diphenyl ether, dibenzyl ether, o-dimethoxybenzene, 1,2-diethoxy Chain ethers such as ethane, 1,2-dibutoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl
- the electrolyte salt is preferably a lithium salt.
- lithium salts include LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiSCN, LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , Li (P (C 2 O 4 ) F 4 ), LiPF 6-x (C n F 2n + 1 ) x (1 ⁇ x ⁇ 6, n is 1 or 2 ), LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiCl, LiBr, LiI, chloroborane lithium, lower aliphatic carboxylate lithium, Li 2B 4 O 7 , borates such as Li (B (C 2 O 4 ) F 2 ), LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN (C 1 F 2l + 1 SO 2 ) (C m F 2m + 1 SO 2 ) ⁇ l , M is an integer of 0 or more ⁇ and other imide salts.
- lithium salt these may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- LiPF 6 is preferably used from the viewpoint of ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and the like.
- concentration of the lithium salt is, for example, 0.8 mol or more and 1.8 mol or less per 1 L of the non-aqueous solvent.
- vinylene carbonate, propane sultone-based additive and the like may be added.
- Lithium nickel cobalt aluminium was used as the positive electrode active material. 98.0 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material, 1.0 part by mass of acetylene black, 1.0 part by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF are mixed, and an appropriate amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is added. The positive electrode mixture slurry was prepared. Next, the positive electrode mixture slurry was applied and the coating film was dried, leaving a portion to which the leads of the positive electrode core made of aluminum foil were connected. After rolling the coating film using a roller, the coating film was cut to a predetermined electrode size to prepare a positive electrode having a positive electrode mixture layer formed on both sides of a positive electrode current collector.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- a carbon film is formed on the surface of the SiO and LSX particles. The mass ratio of LSX / SiO is 1.
- the negative electrode active material sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), dispersion of styrene-butadiene copolymer (SBR), lithium salt of polyacrylic acid (PAA) (PAA-Na), and carbon nanotubes.
- CNT was mixed at a solid content mass ratio of 100: 0.9: 1.2: 0.7: 0.05, and an appropriate amount of water was added to prepare a negative mixture mixture slurry.
- the negative electrode mixture slurry was applied and the coating film was dried, leaving a portion to which the leads of the negative electrode core made of copper foil were connected. After rolling the coating film using a roller, the coating film was cut to a predetermined electrode size to prepare a negative electrode having a negative electrode mixture layer formed on both sides of the negative electrode core.
- LiPF 6 was added to a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate (EC) and methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC) were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7 (25 ° C., 1 atm) to a concentration of 1 mol / L. Further, vinylene carbonate was added to a concentration of 2% by mass to prepare a non-aqueous electrolytic solution.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- MEC methyl ethyl carbonate
- vinylene carbonate was added to a concentration of 2% by mass to prepare a non-aqueous electrolytic solution.
- Test cell Leads were attached to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, respectively, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode were spirally wound via a separator. After the winding stopper tape was attached to the outermost peripheral surface of the winding body, the winding body was pressed in the radial direction to prepare a flat winding type electrode body. A single-layer polypropylene separator was used as the separator. After inserting the prepared electrode body into an exterior body made of an aluminum laminated sheet, the non-aqueous electrolyte was injected, and the opening of the exterior body was sealed to prepare a test cell (laminate cell).
- the charge swelling rate (E1) and the discharge swelling rate (E2) of the negative electrode are measured by the above method, and the ratio (E1 / E2) of the charge swelling rate (E1) to the discharge swelling rate (E2) is determined.
- the ratio (E1 / E2) was 1.08 (the same was calculated for the other examples and comparative examples).
- Example 2 As the negative electrode active material, the negative electrode and the test cell were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that graphite, SiO, and LSX were mixed at a mass ratio of 92.5: 4.5: 3.0. Made. In the negative electrode of Example 2, the mass ratio of LSX / SiO is 1.5.
- Example 3 The negative electrode and the test cell were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that graphite, SiO, and LSX were mixed in a mass ratio of 92.0: 5.0: 3.0 as the negative electrode active material. Made. In the negative electrode of Example 3, the mass ratio of LSX / SiO is 1.7, and the Si content in the negative electrode mixture layer is 8.0% by mass.
- Example 4 A negative electrode and a test cell were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that graphite and LSX were mixed as the negative electrode active material at a mass ratio of 94.0: 6.0.
- Example 1 A negative electrode and a test cell were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that graphite and SiO were mixed in a mass ratio of 92.5: 7.5 as the negative electrode active material.
- Example 2 A negative electrode and a test cell were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that graphite and SiO were mixed at a mass ratio of 90:10 as the negative electrode active material.
- Example 3 A negative electrode and a test cell were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that graphite and SiO were mixed at a mass ratio of 80:20 as the negative electrode active material.
- Example 4 A negative electrode and a test cell were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that graphite and LSX were mixed at a mass ratio of 90:10 as the negative electrode active material.
- Capacity retention rate (discharge capacity in the 100th cycle / discharge capacity in the 1st cycle) x 100
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 11 Positive electrode 12 Negative electrode 13 Separator 14 Electrode body 16 Exterior can 17 Sealing body 18, 19 Insulation plate 20 Positive electrode lead 21 Negative electrode lead 22 Grooving part 23 Internal terminal plate 24 Lower valve body 25 Insulation member 26 Upper valve Body 27 Cap 28 Gasket 30 Positive electrode core 31 Positive electrode mixture layer 40 Negative electrode core 41 Negative electrode mixture layer
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Abstract
Description
正極11は、正極芯体30と、正極芯体30の少なくとも一方の面に形成された正極合剤層31とを有する。正極芯体30には、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金など、正極11の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極合剤層31は、正極活物質、導電剤、および結着剤を含み、正極芯体30の両面に形成されることが好ましい。正極11は、正極芯体30上に正極活物質、導電剤、および結着剤等を含む正極合剤スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧縮して正極合剤層31を正極芯体30の両面に形成することにより製造できる。
負極12は、負極芯体40と、負極芯体40の少なくとも一方の面に形成された負極合剤層41とを有する。負極芯体40には、銅、銅合金などの負極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。負極合剤層41は、負極活物質、導電剤、および結着剤を含み、負極芯体40の両面に形成されることが好ましい。負極12は、負極芯体40上に負極活物質、導電剤、および結着剤等を含む負極合剤スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧縮して負極合剤層41を負極芯体40の両面に形成することにより製造できる。
(1)Siおよび酸化ケイ素を、20:80~95:5の重量比で混合して混合物を作製する。
(2)少なくとも上記混合物の作製前または作製後に、ボールミルによりSiおよび酸化ケイ素を粉砕して微粒子化する。
(3)粉砕された混合物を、不活性雰囲気中、600~1000℃で熱処理する。
非水電解質二次電池10を、25℃の温度環境下、0.2Itの定電流で電池電圧が4.2Vになるまで定電流で充電した後、4.2Vで電流値が0.02Itになるまで定電圧で充電する。その後、0.2Itの定電流で電池電圧が3.0Vになるまで定電流放電を行う。同じ条件で再び充電して充電状態の電池を分解し、充電膨化率(E1)を測定する。また、同じ条件で再び充放電して放電状態の電池を分解し、放電膨化率(E2)を測定する。
セパレータ13には、イオン透過性および絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータ13の材質としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、エチレンとαオレフィンの共重合体等のポリオレフィン、セルロースなどが好適である。セパレータ13は、単層構造、積層構造のいずれであってもよい。セパレータ13の表面には、無機粒子を含む耐熱層、アラミド樹脂、ポリイミド、ポリアミドイミド等の耐熱性の高い樹脂で構成される耐熱層などが形成されていてもよい。
非水電解質は、例えば、非水溶媒と、非水溶媒に溶解した電解質塩とを含む。非水溶媒には、例えばエステル類、エーテル類、アセトニトリル等のニトリル類、ジメチルホルムアミド等のアミド類、およびこれらの2種以上の混合溶媒等を用いることができる。非水溶媒は、これら溶媒の水素の少なくとも一部をフッ素等のハロゲン原子で置換したハロゲン置換体を含有していてもよい。ハロゲン置換体としては、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)等のフッ素化環状炭酸エステル、フッ素化鎖状炭酸エステル、フルオロプロピオン酸メチル(FMP)等のフッ素化鎖状カルボン酸エステルなどが挙げられる。
以下、実施例により本開示をさらに説明するが、本開示はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
[正極]
正極活物質として、ニッケルコバルトアルミニウム酸リチウムを用いた。正極活物質を98.0質量部と、アセチレンブラックを1.0質量部と、ポリフッ化ビニリデンPVDFを1.0質量部とを混合し、さらにN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を適量加えて、正極合剤スラリーを調整した。次に、アルミニウム箔からなる正極芯体のリードが接続される部分を残して、正極合剤スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた。ローラーを用いて塗膜を圧延した後、所定の電極サイズに切断し、正極集電体の両面に正極合剤層が形成された正極を作製した。
負極活物質として、黒鉛、酸化ケイ素相中にSi粒子が分散した、SiOx(x=1)で表される第1のケイ素材料(SiO)、およびLi2Si2O5を主成分とするケイ酸リチウム相中にSi粒子が分散した第2のケイ素材料(LSX)を、94:3:3の質量比で混合したものを用いた。なお、SiOおよびLSXの粒子表面には、炭素被膜が形成されている。LSX/SiOの質量比は1である。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、メチルエチルカーボネート(MEC)とを、3:7の体積比(25℃、1気圧)で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPF6を1mol/Lの濃度になるように添加し、さらにビニレンカーボネートを2質量%の濃度となるように添加して、非水電解液を調製した。
上記正極および上記負極にリードをそれぞれ取り付け、セパレータを介して正極と負極を渦巻き状に巻回した。巻回体の最外周面に巻き止めテープを貼着した後、巻回体を径方向にプレスして扁平形状の巻回型電極体を作製した。セパレータには、単層のポリプロピレン製セパレータを用いた。作製した電極体をアルミニウムラミネートシートで構成される外装体に挿入した後、上記非水電解質を注入し、外装体の開口部を封止して試験セル(ラミネートセル)を作製した。
負極活物質として、黒鉛、SiO、およびLSXを、92.5:4.5:3.0の質量比で混合したものを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして負極および試験セルを作製した。なお、実施例2の負極において、LSX/SiOの質量比は1.5である。
負極活物質として、黒鉛、SiO、およびLSXを、92.0:5.0:3.0の質量比で混合したものを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして負極および試験セルを作製した。なお、実施例3の負極において、LSX/SiOの質量比は1.7、負極合剤層中のSi含有量は8.0質量%である。
負極活物質として、黒鉛、LSXを、94.0:6.0の質量比で混合したものを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして負極および試験セルを作製した。
負極活物質として、黒鉛およびSiOを、92.5:7.5の質量比で混合したものを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして負極および試験セルを作製した。
負極活物質として、黒鉛およびSiOを、90:10の質量比で混合したものを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして負極および試験セルを作製した。
負極活物質として、黒鉛およびSiOを、80:20の質量比で混合したものを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして負極および試験セルを作製した。
負極活物質として、黒鉛およびLSXを、90:10の質量比で混合したものを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして負極および試験セルを作製した。
試験セルを、25℃の温度環境下、0.2Itの定電流で電池電圧が4.2Vになるまで定電流で充電した後、4.2Vで電流値が0.02Itになるまで定電圧で充電した。その後、0.2Itの定電流で電池電圧が3.0Vになるまで定電流放電を行った。この充放電を100サイクル行い、下記の式に基づいて、充放電サイクルにおける容量維持率を求めた。表1に示す容量維持率は、実施例1の試験セルの容量維持率を基準(100)としたときの相対値である。
11 正極
12 負極
13 セパレータ
14 電極体
16 外装缶
17 封口体
18,19 絶縁板
20 正極リード
21 負極リード
22 溝入部
23 内部端子板
24 下弁体
25 絶縁部材
26 上弁体
27 キャップ
28 ガスケット
30 正極芯体
31 正極合剤層
40 負極芯体
41 負極合剤層
Claims (5)
- 正極と、負極と、非水電解質とを備えた非水電解質二次電池において、
前記負極は、負極芯体と、前記負極芯体の少なくとも一方の面に形成された負極合剤層とを有し、
前記負極の放電膨化率(E2)に対する充電膨化率(E1)の比率(E1/E2)が1.05以上1.15未満であり、かつ前記負極合剤層中の負極活物質の質量に対するケイ素材料の含有量が3~12質量%である、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記負極合剤層には、負極活物質として、黒鉛と、酸化ケイ素相および当該酸化ケイ素相中に分散したSiを含有する第1のケイ素材料(SiO)と、ケイ酸リチウム相および当該ケイ酸リチウム相中に分散したSiを含有する第2のケイ素材料(LSX)とが含まれ、
SiOの質量に対するLSXの質量の比が0.2~6である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記負極合剤層には、前記負極活物質の質量に対して1質量%以上のLSXが含まれている、請求項2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記負極合剤層には、前記負極活物質の質量に対して0.01~0.1質量%のカーボンナノチューブが含まれている、請求項2または3に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記負極合剤層には、前記負極活物質の質量に対して0.1~3質量%の量で、カルボキシメチルセルロースまたはその塩、スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体、およびポリアクリル酸またはその塩が含まれている、請求項2~4のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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JP7496855B2 (ja) | 2022-05-30 | 2024-06-07 | プライムプラネットエナジー&ソリューションズ株式会社 | 負極及び非水電解質二次電池 |
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JPWO2022070894A1 (ja) | 2022-04-07 |
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EP4224554A4 (en) | 2024-03-20 |
EP4224554A1 (en) | 2023-08-09 |
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