WO2022089428A1 - 含氮化合物、包含其的电子元件和电子装置 - Google Patents

含氮化合物、包含其的电子元件和电子装置 Download PDF

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WO2022089428A1
WO2022089428A1 PCT/CN2021/126432 CN2021126432W WO2022089428A1 WO 2022089428 A1 WO2022089428 A1 WO 2022089428A1 CN 2021126432 W CN2021126432 W CN 2021126432W WO 2022089428 A1 WO2022089428 A1 WO 2022089428A1
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group
carbon atoms
substituted
nitrogen
containing compound
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French (fr)
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马林楠
南朋
金荣国
李应文
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陕西莱特光电材料股份有限公司
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Priority to US18/003,917 priority Critical patent/US20230200224A1/en
Publication of WO2022089428A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022089428A1/zh

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Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of organic materials, and in particular, to a nitrogen-containing compound, an electronic component and an electronic device containing the same.
  • Such electronic components usually include oppositely disposed cathodes and anodes, and functional layers disposed between the cathodes and the anodes.
  • the functional layer is composed of multiple organic or inorganic film layers, and generally includes an energy conversion layer, a hole transport layer between the energy conversion layer and the anode, and an electron transport layer between the energy conversion layer and the cathode.
  • the electronic component When the electronic component is an organic electroluminescence device, it generally includes an anode, a hole transport layer, an electroluminescence layer as an energy conversion layer, an electron transport layer and a cathode which are stacked in sequence.
  • an electric field When a voltage is applied to the cathode and anode, an electric field is generated between the two electrodes. Under the action of the electric field, the electrons on the cathode side move to the electroluminescent layer, and the holes on the anode side also move to the light-emitting layer, and the electrons and holes combine in the electroluminescent layer.
  • Excitons are formed, and the excitons are in an excited state to release energy to the outside, thereby causing the electroluminescent layer to emit light to the outside.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a nitrogen-containing compound, an electronic component and an electronic device including the same, so as to improve the performance of the electronic component and the electronic device.
  • a nitrogen-containing compound is provided, the structure of which is shown in formula 1:
  • X is selected from O, S;
  • R 1 and R 2 are the same or different, and are independently selected from deuterium, cyano, halogen, alkyl with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, trialkylsilyl with 3 to 9 carbon atoms, carbon A substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6-12 atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 3-10 carbon atoms;
  • n 1 is the number of R 1 , and n 1 is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; when n 1 is greater than 1, any two R 1 are the same or different;
  • n 2 is the number of R 2 , and n 2 is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; when n 2 is greater than 1, any two R 2 are the same or different;
  • L is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group with 6-30 carbon atoms and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group with 3-30 carbon atoms;
  • L 1 and L 2 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same or different, and are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 3 to 30 carbon atoms;
  • R 1 , R 2 , L, L 1 , L 2 , Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from deuterium, halogen group, cyano group, and carbon atoms having 1 to 10.
  • the present application provides a nitrogen-containing compound, which uses naphtho[2,1-b]benzofuran and naphtho[2,1-b]benzothiophene as parent nuclei, which effectively inhibit intermolecular interactions and have good At the same time, an aromatic amine structure with good hole transport properties is introduced into the 1-position of the parent nucleus through the aromatic hydrocarbon group (L), which increases the rigidity of the compound and significantly improves the thermal stability. keep the structure stable.
  • L aromatic hydrocarbon group
  • Using the nitrogen-containing compound as a hole transport material in an organic electroluminescent device can simultaneously improve the luminous efficiency and service life of the device.
  • an electronic component comprising an anode and a cathode disposed opposite to each other, and a functional layer disposed between the anode and the cathode; the functional layer comprises the nitrogen compounds.
  • an electronic device including the electronic component described in the second aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an organic electroluminescent device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • X is selected from O or S
  • R 1 and R 2 are the same or different, and are independently selected from deuterium, cyano, halogen, alkyl with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, trialkylsilyl with 3 to 9 carbon atoms, carbon A substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6-12 atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 3-10 carbon atoms;
  • n 1 is the number of R 1 , and n 1 is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; when n 1 is greater than 1, any two R 1 are the same or different;
  • n 2 is the number of R 2 , and n 2 is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; when n 2 is greater than 1, any two R 2 are the same or different;
  • L is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group with 6-30 carbon atoms and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group with 3-30 carbon atoms;
  • L 1 and L 2 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same or different, and are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 3 to 30 carbon atoms;
  • R 1 , R 2 , L, L 1 , L 2 , Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from deuterium, halogen group, cyano group, and carbon atoms having 1 to 10.
  • the compounds provided in the present application have good hole transport properties, and can be applied between the anode and the energy conversion layer of organic electroluminescence devices and photoelectric conversion devices, so as to improve the hole transport efficiency between the anode and the energy conversion layer, Thus, the luminous efficiency and service life of the organic electroluminescent device are improved.
  • the number of carbon atoms in a group refers to all carbon atoms.
  • all of the arylene group and the substituents thereon have 10 carbon atoms.
  • 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl is a substituted aryl group having 15 carbon atoms.
  • hetero refers to a functional group including at least one heteroatom such as B, N, O, S, Se, Si or P and the remaining atoms are carbon and hydrogen.
  • each independently is and “each independently is” and “are independently selected from” can be interchanged, and should be understood in a broad sense, which can either refer to In different groups, the specific options expressed between the same symbols do not affect each other, and it can also mean that in the same group, the specific options expressed between the same symbols do not affect each other.
  • each q is independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, and each R "is independently selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine” in the description, its meaning is:
  • formula Q-1 represents that there are q substituents R on the benzene ring ", each R” can be the same or different, and the options of each R" do not affect each other;
  • formula Q-2 indicates that each benzene ring of biphenyl has q substituents R", and the two benzene rings have q substituents R".
  • the number q of R" substituents may be the same or different, and each R" may be the same or different, and the options of each R" do not affect each other.
  • any two adjacent substituents XX form a ring means that the two substituents may form a ring but need not form a ring, including: the situation where two adjacent substituents form a ring and two A scenario where adjacent substituents do not form a ring.
  • substituted or unsubstituted means no substituents or substituted with one or more substituents.
  • the substituents include, but are not limited to, deuterium, halo, cyano, alkyl, haloalkyl, trialkylsilyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, alkoxy, Alkylthio, etc.
  • the alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms may include a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a branched alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group can be, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and specific examples of the alkyl group include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl Propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, 3,7-Dimethyloctyl, etc.
  • an aryl group refers to an optional functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring.
  • Aryl groups can be monocyclic aryl groups (eg, phenyl) or polycyclic aryl groups, in other words, aryl groups can be monocyclic aryl groups, fused-ring aryl groups, two or more monocyclic aryl groups conjugated through carbon-carbon bonds. Cyclic aryl groups, monocyclic aryl groups and fused-ring aryl groups linked by carbon-carbon bond conjugation, two or more fused-ring aryl groups linked by carbon-carbon bond conjugation. That is, two or more aromatic groups linked by carbon-carbon bond conjugation can also be regarded as aryl groups in the present application.
  • the fused ring aryl group may include, for example, a bicyclic fused aryl group (eg, naphthyl), a tricyclic fused aryl group (eg, phenanthrenyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl), and the like.
  • the aryl group does not contain heteroatoms such as B, N, O, S, Se, Si or P.
  • biphenyl, terphenyl, etc. are aryl groups.
  • aryl groups may include phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, tetraphenyl, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, benzo[9,10 ] phenanthrene, pyrene, perylene, benzofluoranthene, base, etc., but not limited thereto.
  • the arylene group referred to refers to a divalent group formed by the further loss of one hydrogen atom from the aryl group.
  • a substituted aryl group means that one or more hydrogen atoms in the aryl group are replaced by other groups.
  • at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by a deuterium atom, F, Cl, I, CN, hydroxyl, amino, branched alkyl, straight chain alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkylthio, aryl, Heteroaryl or other group substitution.
  • heteroaryl-substituted aryl groups include, but are not limited to, dibenzofuranyl-substituted phenyl groups, dibenzothiophene-substituted phenyl groups, pyridine-substituted phenyl groups, and the like. It should be understood that the number of carbon atoms in a substituted aryl group refers to the total number of carbon atoms in the aryl group and the substituents on the aryl group.
  • a heteroaryl group refers to a monovalent aromatic ring or a derivative thereof containing at least one heteroatom in the ring, and the heteroatom can be at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, Se and S.
  • a heteroaryl group can be a monocyclic heteroaryl group or a polycyclic heteroaryl group, in other words, a heteroaryl group can be a single aromatic ring system or multiple aromatic ring systems linked by carbon-carbon bonds, and any aromatic
  • the ring system is an aromatic monocyclic ring or an aromatic fused ring.
  • heteroaryl groups can include thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, pyridyl, bipyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, acridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, quinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyridopyrazinyl, pyrazinopyrazinyl Azinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, carbazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzothienyl, dibenzothienyl, thiophene thieny
  • heteroaryl groups of a single aromatic ring system type
  • N-arylcarbazolyl and N-heteroarylcarbazolyl are polycarbazolyl groups conjugated through carbon-carbon bonds.
  • the heteroarylene group referred to refers to a divalent group formed by the further loss of one hydrogen atom from the heteroaryl group.
  • a substituted heteroaryl group may be a heteroaryl group whose one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by a group such as D, halogen group, -CN, aryl, heteroaryl, trialkylsilyl, alkyl, Cycloalkyl, haloalkyl and other groups are substituted.
  • aryl-substituted heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl-substituted dibenzofuranyl, phenyl-substituted dibenzothienyl, phenyl-substituted pyridyl, and the like. It should be understood that the number of carbon atoms in a substituted heteroaryl group refers to the total number of carbon atoms in the heteroaryl group and the substituents on the heteroaryl group.
  • the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group as a substituent may be 6 to 20, for example, the number of carbon atoms may be 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, specific examples of aryl groups as substituents include, but are not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthryl, base.
  • the number of carbon atoms of the heteroaryl group as a substituent may be 6 to 20, for example, the number of carbon atoms may be 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 , 18, 19, 20, specific examples of heteroaryl groups as substituents include, but are not limited to, carbazolyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, quinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxaline base, isoquinolinyl.
  • a ring system formed by n atoms is an n-membered ring.
  • phenyl is a 6-membered aryl group.
  • the 6-10 membered aromatic ring refers to benzene ring, indene ring and naphthalene ring.
  • the "ring” in this application includes saturated rings and unsaturated rings; for example, saturated rings are cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and unsaturated rings are, for example, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkenyl, aryl and heteroaryl.
  • the non-positioning connecting bond refers to the single bond extending from the ring system and It means that one end of the linking bond can be connected to any position in the ring system through which the bond runs, and the other end is connected to the rest of the compound molecule.
  • the naphthyl group represented by the formula (f) is connected to other positions of the molecule through two non-positioned linkages running through the bicyclic ring. ) to any possible connection mode shown in formula (f-10).
  • the phenanthrene represented by the formula (X') is connected to other positions of the molecule through a non-positioned link extending from the middle of one side of the benzene ring, and the meaning it represents, Any possible connection modes shown by formula (X'-1) to formula (X'-4) are included.
  • a non-positioned substituent in the present application refers to a substituent attached through a single bond extending from the center of the ring system, which means that the substituent may be attached at any possible position in the ring system.
  • the substituent R' group represented by the formula (Y) is connected to the quinoline ring through a non-positioning link, and the meanings it represents include the formula (Y-1) ⁇ Any possible connection method shown by formula (Y-7):
  • the halogen group may be, for example, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
  • trialkylsilyl include, but are not limited to, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, and the like.
  • triarylsilyl groups include, but are not limited to, triphenylsilyl groups and the like.
  • haloalkyl examples include, but are not limited to, trifluoromethyl.
  • cycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and adamantyl.
  • R 1 , R 2 , L, L 1 and L 2 are each independently selected from deuterium, fluorine, cyano, alkyl with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, trimethylsilyl, A phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from deuterium, cyano, fluorine, alkyl with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, trimethylsilyl, phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl , pyridyl.
  • R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from isopropyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl.
  • L is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6-12 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 3-12 carbon atoms.
  • L is selected from substituted or unsubstituted arylene groups having 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 carbon atoms, or from 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 carbon atoms , 9, 10, 11, 12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene.
  • L 1 and L 2 are each independently selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group with 6-12 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted group with 3-12 carbon atoms the heteroarylene.
  • L 1 and L 2 are each independently selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 carbon atoms, or are selected from 3 carbon atoms , 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene.
  • L is selected from substituted or unsubstituted phenylene, substituted or unsubstituted naphthylene, or substituted or unsubstituted biphenylene.
  • L 1 and L 2 are each independently selected from a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted phenylene, substituted or unsubstituted naphthylene, or substituted or unsubstituted biphenylene.
  • L is selected from the group consisting of:
  • L 1 and L 2 are each independently selected from a single bond, or the group consisting of:
  • L is selected from the group consisting of:
  • L 1 and L 2 are each independently selected from a single bond, or the group consisting of:
  • L is selected from the group consisting of:
  • L 1 and L 2 are each independently selected from a single bond, or the group consisting of:
  • L is selected from the group consisting of:
  • L 1 and L 2 are each independently selected from a single bond, or the group consisting of:
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from the groups shown in the following formula i-1 to formula i-7:
  • M 1 is selected from single bond
  • Z 1 is selected from deuterium, halogen group, cyano group, alkyl group with 1-5 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group with 3-10 carbon atoms, trialkylsilyl group with 3-18 carbon atoms;
  • Z 2 to Z 9 and Z 13 to Z 15 are each independently selected from deuterium, halogen group, cyano group, alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, carbon atom Heteroaryl with 6 to 18, trialkylsilyl with 3 to 18 carbon atoms;
  • Z 10 to Z 12 are each independently selected from: deuterium, halogen group, cyano group, alkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group with 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and 6-20 carbon atoms aryl, heteroaryl with 6 to 18 carbon atoms, trialkylsilyl with 3 to 18 carbon atoms;
  • h 1 to h 15 are represented by h k
  • Z 1 to Z 15 are represented by Z k
  • k is a variable, representing any integer from 1 to 15, and h k represents the number of substituents Z k ; wherein, when k is selected from 5 , h k is selected from 0, 1, 2 or 3; when k is selected from 2, 7, 8, 13, 14 or 15, h k is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; when k is selected from 1 , 3, 4, 6 or 9, h k is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; when k is selected from 10 or 11, h k is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , 6 or 7; when k is selected from 12, h k is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8; and when h k is greater than 1, any two Z k are the same or different same;
  • K 1 is selected from O, S, N(Z 16 ), C(Z 17 Z 18 ), Si(Z 19 Z 20 ); wherein Z 16 , Z 17 , Z 18 , Z 19 , Z 20 are independently selected from each other From an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or an atom to which Z 17 and Z 18 are connected to each other to be connected together with them To form a saturated or unsaturated ring with 3 to 15 carbon atoms, or Z 19 and Z 20 are connected to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring with 3 to 15 carbon atoms with the atoms they are commonly connected to, for example, In formula j-6 Among them, when M 1 is a single bond, Z 11 is both hydrogen, K 2 is a single bond, and K 1 is C (Z 17 Z 18 ), optionally Z 17 and Z 18 are connected to each other to be connected together with them Atom forming a
  • the number of carbon atoms in the ring formed by Z 17 and Z 18 can also be other values, which will not be listed one by one here, and the application does not specifically limit the number of carbon atoms in this ring;
  • K 2 is selected from single bond, O, S, N(Z 21 ), C(Z 22 Z 23 ), Si(Z 24 Z 25 ); wherein Z 21 , Z 22 , Z 23 , Z 24 , Z 25 are each independently selected from alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, aryl groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, heteroaryl groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or Z 22 and Z 23 are connected to each other to be common with them
  • the connected atoms form a saturated or unsaturated ring with 3 to 15 carbon atoms, or Z 24 and Z 25 are connected to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring with 3 to 15 carbon atoms with the atoms they are commonly connected to,
  • This application does not specifically limit the number of carbon atoms in the ring formed by Z 22 and Z 23 , and the number of carbon atoms in the ring formed by Z 24 and Z 25.
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-25 carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 12-18 carbon atoms.
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, A substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of 23, 24, and 25, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group selected from the group consisting of 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 carbon atoms.
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted group W, and the unsubstituted group W is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the substituent of group W is selected from deuterium, fluorine, cyano, trimethylsilyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, benzene group, naphthyl, biphenyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, carbazolyl; when there are multiple substituents in the group W, the multiple substituents are the same or different.
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted group W', and the unsubstituted group W' is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the substituent of group W' is selected from deuterium, fluorine, cyano, trimethylsilyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl , phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, carbazolyl; when there are multiple substituents in the group W', the multiple substituents are the same or different.
  • the substituents on Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from deuterium, fluorine, cyano, alkyl groups with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, trimethylsilyl, and groups with 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • the substituents on Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from deuterium, fluorine, cyano, trimethylsilyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, ring Hexyl, phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, carbazolyl.
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted unsubstituted fluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothienyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted spirobifluorenyl;
  • the substituents on Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from deuterium, fluorine, cyano, trimethylsilyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl , naphthyl, biphenyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, carbazolyl.
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of:
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of:
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of:
  • the nitrogen-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the present application does not specifically limit the synthesis method of the nitrogen-containing compound provided, and those skilled in the art can determine a suitable synthesis method according to the preparation method provided in the synthesis example section of the present application for the nitrogen-containing compound.
  • the synthesis examples section of the present invention exemplarily provides a method for preparing nitrogen-containing compounds, and the raw materials used can be obtained commercially or by methods well known in the art.
  • Those skilled in the art can obtain all nitrogen-containing compounds provided in the present application according to these exemplary preparation methods, and all specific preparation methods for preparing the nitrogen-containing compounds will not be described in detail here, and those skilled in the art should not interpret it as a limit.
  • the present application also provides an electronic component, the electronic component includes an anode and a cathode disposed oppositely, and a functional layer disposed between the anode and the cathode; wherein the functional layer comprises the nitrogen-containing compound of the present application .
  • the functional layer includes a hole transport layer, and the hole transport layer includes the nitrogen-containing compound.
  • the nitrogen-containing compound provided in the present application can be applied to the hole transport layer of an organic electroluminescent device, so as to improve the luminous efficiency and lifetime of the organic electroluminescent device.
  • the electronic component may be an organic electroluminescent device.
  • the organic electroluminescence device may include an anode 100 , a hole transport layer 321 , an electron blocking layer 322 , an organic electroluminescence layer 330 , an electron transport layer 350 and a cathode 200 which are stacked in sequence.
  • the anode 100 includes an anode material, which is preferably a material with a large work function that facilitates hole injection into the functional layer.
  • anode materials include: metals such as nickel, platinum, vanadium, chromium, copper, zinc and gold or alloys thereof; metal oxides such as zinc oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO); Combined metals and oxides such as ZnO:Al or SnO2: Sb; or conducting polymers such as poly(3-methylthiophene), poly[3,4-(ethylene-1,2-dioxy)thiophene ](PEDT), polypyrrole and polyaniline, but not limited thereto. It is preferable to include a transparent electrode comprising indium tin oxide (ITO) as an anode.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • the hole transport layer 321 may contain the nitrogen-containing compound of the present application.
  • the material of the electron blocking layer 322 may be selected from electron blocking layer materials well known in the art, such as carbazole polymers, carbazole-linked triarylamine compounds, etc., which will not be repeated here.
  • the electron blocking layer can be EB-01.
  • the organic electroluminescent layer 330 may be composed of a single light-emitting material, or may include a host material and a guest material.
  • the organic electroluminescent layer 330 is composed of a host material and a guest material. The holes injected into the organic electroluminescent layer 330 and the electrons injected into the organic electroluminescent layer 330 can be recombined in the organic electroluminescent layer 330 to form excitation. The excitons transfer energy to the host material, and the host material transfers energy to the guest material, thereby enabling the guest material to emit light.
  • the host material of the organic electroluminescent layer 330 can be metal chelate compounds, bis-styryl derivatives, aromatic amine derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives or other types of materials, which are not specially made in this application. limit.
  • the host material of the organic electroluminescent layer 330 may be BH-01.
  • the guest material of the organic electroluminescent layer 330 can be a compound having a condensed aryl ring or a derivative thereof, a compound having a heteroaryl ring or a derivative thereof, an aromatic amine derivative or other materials, which are not described in this application. special restrictions.
  • the guest material of the organic electroluminescent layer 330 may be BD-01.
  • the electron transport layer 350 may be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, which may include one or more electron transport materials, and the electron transport materials may be selected from benzimidazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, quinoxaline Derivatives or other electron transport materials, which are not specifically limited in this application.
  • the electron transport layer 350 may be composed of ET-06 and LiQ.
  • the cathode 200 includes a cathode material, which is a material with a small work function that facilitates electron injection into the functional layer.
  • cathode materials include: metals such as magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, titanium, indium, yttrium, lithium, gadolinium, aluminum, silver, tin and lead or alloys thereof; or multilayer materials such as LiF/Al, Liq/ Al, LiO 2 /Al, LiF/Ca, LiF/Al, and BaF 2 /Ca, but not limited thereto.
  • a metal electrode containing magnesium (Mg) and silver (Ag) is preferably included as the cathode.
  • a hole injection layer 310 may also be disposed between the anode 100 and the hole transport layer 321 to enhance the capability of injecting holes into the hole transport layer 321 .
  • the hole injection layer 310 can be selected from benzidine derivatives, starburst arylamine compounds, phthalocyanine derivatives or other materials, which are not specifically limited in this application.
  • the hole injection layer 310 may be F4-TCNQ.
  • an electron injection layer 360 may also be disposed between the cathode 200 and the electron transport layer 350 to enhance the capability of injecting electrons into the electron transport layer 350 .
  • the electron injection layer 360 may include inorganic materials such as alkali metal sulfide and alkali metal halide, or may include a complex compound of alkali metal and organic matter.
  • the electron injection layer 360 may include Yb.
  • a hole blocking layer 340 may or may not be provided between the organic electroluminescent layer 330 and the electron transport layer 350 , and the material of the hole blocking layer 340 is well known in the art, and will not be repeated here.
  • Embodiments of the present application further provide an electronic device, where the electronic device includes the above-mentioned electronic element.
  • the electronic device is a first electronic device 400
  • the first electronic device 400 includes the above-mentioned organic electroluminescence device.
  • the first electronic device 400 may be a display device, a lighting device, an optical communication device, or other types of electronic devices, such as but not limited to computer screens, mobile phone screens, televisions, electronic paper, emergency lighting, light modules, and the like.
  • IM 1-1 93.5 g, 272 mmol
  • potassium phosphate K 3 PO 4
  • BrettPhos 1.46 g, 2.7 mmol
  • 2,4 -Palladium glutarate Pd(acac) 2
  • p-xylene 720 mL
  • IM 11 5.17 g, 15 mmol
  • diphenylamine 2.6 g, 15 mmol
  • toluene 50 mL
  • IM 13-1 (40 g, 95 mmol), potassium phosphate (60 g, 285 mmol), BrettPhos (0.51 g, 0.95 mmol), 2,4-palladium glutarate (0.15 g) , 0.48mmol), xylene 320mL
  • the reaction solution was heated to 150 ⁇ 160°C, reacted for 24h, the heating was stopped, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, the obtained product was washed with water until neutral, and water was removed with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered,
  • IM 13 (10 g, 24.7 mmol), diphenylamine (4.2 g, 24.7 mmol), and toluene (80 mL) were added to a 250 mL three-necked flask, the reaction solution was heated to 108° C. and stirred at reflux, and dissolved until clear After that, the temperature was lowered to 70-80°C, and then sodium tert-butoxide (3.6 g, 37 mmol), 2-biscyclohexylphosphine-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl (0.20 g, 0.49 mmol) were added thereto.
  • the anode is prepared by the following process: the thickness is The ITO substrate (manufactured by Corning) was cut into a size of 40mm ⁇ 40mm ⁇ 0.7mm, and a photolithography process was used to prepare it into an experimental substrate with patterns of cathodes, anodes and insulating layers, using ultraviolet ozone and O 2 : N 2 plasma. Surface treatment to increase the work function of the anode (experimental substrate) and remove scum.
  • HIL hole injection layer
  • HTL hole transport layer
  • EB-01 was vacuum evaporated on the hole transport layer (HTL) to form a thickness of The electron blocking layer (EBL).
  • EBL electron blocking layer
  • BH-01 and BD-01 were co-evaporated at an evaporation ratio of 98%:2% to form a thickness of The blue organic light-emitting layer (EML).
  • ET-06 and LiQ were vapor-deposited at a film thickness ratio of 1:1 to form a thickness of The electron transport layer (ETL) of ytterbium (Yb) was evaporated on the electron transport layer (ETL) to form a thickness of The electron injection layer (EIL) of the the cathode.
  • ETL electron transport layer
  • Yb ytterbium
  • the thickness of the vapor deposition on the above-mentioned cathode is of CP-5 to form an organic capping layer (CPL), thereby completing the fabrication of the organic light-emitting device.
  • An organic electroluminescence device was fabricated by the same method as in Example 1, except that the compounds shown in Table 8 below were respectively substituted for the compound P1 in forming the hole transport layer.
  • An organic electroluminescence device was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound A, Compound B, and Compound C were used instead of Compound P1 when forming the hole transport layer.
  • the organic electroluminescence devices (Examples 1-42) prepared by using the nitrogen-containing compound of the present application as the hole transport layer are different from the organic electroluminescence devices prepared by using the known compounds as the hole transport layer.
  • the driving voltage of the organic electroluminescent device prepared by using the compound in the present application as the hole transport layer is reduced by at least 0.11V, and the luminous efficiency (Cd/A) is increased by at least 15.04%,
  • the external quantum efficiency (EQE%) is increased by at least 14.89%, the minimum lifetime is increased to 19.62%, and the highest lifetime can be increased by 137h. Therefore, the use of the nitrogen-containing compound of the present application in the hole transport layer can improve the luminous efficiency and service life of the organic electroluminescent device.

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Abstract

本申请属于有机材料技术领域，提供了一种含氮化合物、电子元件和电子装置，该含氮化合物的结构如式1所示。该含氮化合物能够改善电子元件的性能。

Description

含氮化合物、包含其的电子元件和电子装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2020年10月30日递交的申请号为202011195453.6的中国专利申请和2020年12月2日递交的申请号为202011404791.6的中国专利申请的优先权，在此引用上述中国专利申请的内容全文以作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本申请涉及有机材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种含氮化合物、包含其的电子元件和电子装置。
背景技术
随着电子技术的发展和材料科学的进步，用于实现电致发光或者光电转化的电子元器件的应用范围越来越广泛。该类电子元器件通常包括相对设置的阴极和阳极，以及设置于阴极和阳极之间的功能层。该功能层由多层有机或者无机膜层组成，且一般包括能量转化层、位于能量转化层与阳极之间的空穴传输层、位于能量转化层与阴极之间的电子传输层。
当电子元件为有机电致发光器件时，其一般包括依次层叠设置的阳极、空穴传输层、作为能量转化层的电致发光层、电子传输层和阴极。当阴阳两极施加电压时，两电极产生电场，在电场的作用下，阴极侧的电子向电致发光层移动，阳极侧的空穴也向发光层移动，电子和空穴在电致发光层结合形成激子，激子处于激发态向外释放能量，进而使得电致发光层对外发光。
目前，虽然大量性能优良的有机电致发光材料已被陆续开发出来，例如，WO2019147030A1，WO2019216574A1，WO2020032574A1等公开了可以在有机电致发光器件中制备空穴传输层的材料，然而，依然有必要继续研发新型的材料，以进一步提高电子元件的性能。
背景技术部分公开的上述信息仅用于加强对本申请的背景的理解，因此它可以包括不构成对本领域普通技术人员已知的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种含氮化合物、包含其的电子元件和电子装置，以改善电子元件和电子装置的性能。
为实现上述发明目的，本申请采用如下技术方案：
根据本申请的第一方面，提供一种含氮化合物，其结构如式1所示：
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000001
其中，X选自O、S；
R 1和R 2相同或不同，且各自独立地选自氘、氰基、卤素基团、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为3～9的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为6～12的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为3～10的取代或未取代的杂芳基；
n 1为R 1的个数，且n 1选自0、1、2、3或4；当n 1大于1时，任意两个R 1相同或不同；
n 2为R 2的个数，且n 2选自0、1、2、3、4或5；当n 2大于1时，任意两个R 2相同或不同；
L选自碳原子数为6～30的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为3～30的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基；
L 1和L 2相同或不同，且各自独立地选自单键、碳原子数为6～30的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为3～30的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基；
Ar 1和Ar 2相同或不同，且各自独立地选自碳原子数为6～30的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为3～30的取代或未取代的杂芳基；
R 1、R 2、L、L 1、L 2、Ar 1和Ar 2上的取代基相同或不同，且各自独立地选自氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为1～10的烷基、碳原子数为1～12的卤代烷基、碳原子数为3～18的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为6～20的芳基、碳原子数为6～20的杂芳基、碳原子数为3～10的环烷基、碳原子数为2～12的杂环烷基、碳原子数为1～12的烷氧基、碳原子数为1～12的烷硫基。
本申请提供一种含氮化合物，以萘并[2,1-b]苯并呋喃和萘并[2,1-b]苯并噻吩为母核，该母核有效抑制分子间作用，具有良好的热稳定性；同时，通过芳香烃基团(L)在母核的1号位引入具有良好空穴传输特性的芳胺结构，使得化合物的刚性增加，热稳定性显著提升，能够在长时间高温下保持结构稳定。将所述含氮化合物作为空穴传输材料应用于有机电致发光器件中，能同时提高器件的发光效率和使用寿命。
根据本申请的第二方面，提供一种电子元件，包括相对设置的阳极和阴极，以及设于所述阳极和所述阴极之间的功能层；所述功能层包含第一方面所述的含氮化合物。
根据本申请的第三方面，提供一种电子装置，包括第二方面所述的电子元件。
本申请的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
通过参照附图详细描述其示例实施方式，本申请的上述和其它特征及优点将变得更加明显。
图1是本申请一种实施方式的有机电致发光器件的结构示意图。
图2是本申请一种实施方式的电子装置的结构示意图。
附图标记说明
100、阳极；200、阴极；300、功能层；310、空穴注入层；321、空穴传输层；322、电子阻挡层；330、有机电致发光层；340、空穴阻挡层；350、电子传输层；360、电子注入层；400、第一电子装置。
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图更全面地描述示例性实施方式。然而，示例性实施方式能够以多种形式实施，且不应被理解为限于在此阐述的范例；相反，提供这些实施方式使得本申请将更加全面和完整，并将示例性实施方式的构思全面地传达给本领域的技术人员。所描述的特征、结构或特性可以以任何合适的方式结合在一个或更多实施方式中。在下面的描述中，提供许多具体细节从而给出对本申请的实施方式的充分理解。
在图中，为了清晰，可能夸大了区域和层的厚度。在图中相同的附图标记表示相同或类似的结构，因而将省略它们的详细描述。
本申请提供一种含氮化合物，其结构如式1所示：
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000002
其中，X选自O或S；
R 1和R 2相同或不同，且各自独立地选自氘、氰基、卤素基团、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为3～9的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为6～12的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为3～10的取代或未取代的杂芳基；
n 1为R 1的个数，且n 1选自0、1、2、3或4；当n 1大于1时，任意两个R 1相同或不同；
n 2为R 2的个数，且n 2选自0、1、2、3、4或5；当n 2大于1时，任意两个R 2相同或不同；
L选自碳原子数为6～30的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为3～30的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基；
L 1和L 2相同或不同，且各自独立地选自单键、碳原子数为6～30的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为3～30的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基；
Ar 1和Ar 2相同或不同，且各自独立地选自碳原子数为6～30的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为3～30的取代或未取代的杂芳基；
R 1、R 2、L、L 1、L 2、Ar 1和Ar 2上的取代基相同或不同，且各自独立地选自氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为1～10的烷基、碳原子数为1～12的卤代烷基、碳原子数为3～18的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为6～20的芳基、碳原子数为6～20的杂芳基、碳原子数为3～10的环烷基、碳原子数为2～12的杂环烷基、碳原子数为1～12的烷氧基、碳原子数为1～12的烷硫基。
本申请提供的化合物，具有良好的空穴传输特性，能够应用于有机电致发光器件和光电转化器件的阳极与能量转化层之间，以提高阳极与能量转化层之间的空穴传输效率，进而提高有机电致发光器件的发光效率和使用寿命。
本申请中，基团的碳原子数，指的是所有碳原子数。举例而言，取代的碳原子数为10的亚芳基中，亚芳基及其上的取代基的所有碳原子数为10。示例性地，9,9-二甲基芴基为取代的碳原子数为15的芳基。
本申请中，当没有另外提供具体的定义时，“杂”是指在一个官能团中包括至少1个B、N、O、S、Se、Si或P等杂原子且其余原子为碳和氢。
本申请中，所采用的描述方式“各……独立地为”与“……各自独立地为”和“……独立地选自”可以互换，均应做广义理解，其既可以是指在不同基团中，相同符号之间所表达的具体选项之间互相不影响，也可以表示在相同的基团中，相同符号之间所表达的具体选项之间互相不影响。举例而言：在“
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000003
其中，各q独立地为0、1、2或3，各R”独立地选自氢、氟、氯”的描述中，其含义是：式Q-1表示苯环上有q个取代基R”，各个R”可以相同也可以不同，每个R”的选项之间互不影响；式Q-2表示联苯的每一个苯环上有q个取代基R”，两个苯环上的R”取代基的个数q可以相同或不同，各个R”可以相同也可以不同，每个R”的选项之间互不影响。
本申请中，“任选”或者“任选地”意味着随后所描述的事件或者环境可以发生也可以不发生，该说明包括该事情或者环境发生或者不发生的场合。例如，“任选地，任意两个相邻取代基××形成环” 意味着这两个取代基可以形成环但不是必须形成环，包括：两个相邻的取代基形成环的情景和两个相邻的取代基不形成环的情景。
本申请中，术语“取代或未取代的”是指没有取代基或者被一个或多个取代基取代。所述取代基包括但不限于，氘、卤素基团、氰基、烷基、卤代烷基、三烷基硅基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基、烷氧基、烷硫基等。
本申请中，碳原子数为1～10的烷基可以包括碳原子数1至10的直链烷基和碳原子数3至10的支链烷基。烷基的碳原子数例如可以为1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10，烷基的具体实例包括但不限于，甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、壬基、癸基、3,7-二甲基辛基等。
本申请中，芳基指的是衍生自芳香烃环的任选官能团或取代基。芳基可以是单环芳基(例如苯基)或多环芳基，换言之，芳基可以是单环芳基、稠环芳基、通过碳碳键共轭连接的两个或者更多个单环芳基、通过碳碳键共轭连接的单环芳基和稠环芳基、通过碳碳键共轭连接的两个或者更多个稠环芳基。即，通过碳碳键共轭连接的两个或者更多个芳香基团也可以视为本申请的芳基。其中，稠环芳基例如可以包括双环稠合芳基(例如萘基)、三环稠合芳基(例如菲基、芴基、蒽基)等。芳基中不含有B、N、O、S、Se、Si或P等杂原子。举例而言，本申请中，联苯基、三联苯基等为芳基。芳基的示例可以包括苯基、萘基、芴基、蒽基、菲基、联苯基、三联苯基、四联苯基、五联苯基、六联苯基、苯并[9,10]菲基、芘基、苝基、苯并荧蒽基、
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000004
基等，而不限于此。本申请中，涉及的亚芳基是指芳基进一步失去一个氢原子所形成的二价基团。
本申请中，取代的芳基，指的是芳基中的一个或者多个氢原子被其它基团所取代。例如至少一个氢原子被氘原子、F、Cl、I、CN、羟基、氨基、支链烷基、直链烷基、环烷基、烷氧基、烷胺基、烷硫基、芳基、杂芳基或者其他基团取代。杂芳基取代的芳基的具体实例包括但不限于，二苯并呋喃基取代的苯基、二苯并噻吩取代的苯基、吡啶取代的苯基等。应理解的是，取代的芳基的碳原子数，指的是芳基及其芳基上的取代基的总碳原子数。
本申请中，杂芳基是指环中包含至少一个杂原子的一价芳香环或其衍生物，杂原子可以是B、O、N、P、Si、Se和S中的至少一种。杂芳基可以是单环杂芳基或多环杂芳基，换言之，杂芳基可以是单个芳香环体系，也可以是通过碳碳键共轭连接的多个芳香环体系，且任一芳香环体系为一个芳香单环或者一个芳香稠环。示例地，杂芳基可以包括噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、咪唑基、噻唑基、噁唑基、噁二唑基、三唑基、吡啶基、联吡啶基、嘧啶基、三嗪基、吖啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、吩噁嗪基、酞嗪基、吡啶并嘧啶基、吡啶并吡嗪基、吡嗪并吡嗪基、异喹啉基、吲哚基、咔唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并咔唑基、苯并噻吩基、二苯并噻吩基、噻吩并噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、菲咯啉基、异噁唑基、噻二唑基、苯并噻唑基、吩噻嗪基、硅芴基、二苯并呋喃基以及N-苯基咔唑基、N-吡啶基咔唑基、N-甲基咔唑基等，而不限于此。其中，噻吩基、呋喃基、菲咯啉基等为单个芳香环体系类型的杂芳基，N-芳基咔唑基、N-杂芳基咔唑基为通过碳碳键共轭连接的多环体系类型的杂芳基。本申请中，涉及的亚杂芳基是指杂芳基进一步失去一个氢原子所形成的二价基团。
本申请中，取代的杂芳基可以是杂芳基中的一个或者两个以上氢原子被诸如D、卤素基团、-CN、芳基、杂芳基、三烷基硅基、烷基、环烷基、卤代烷基等基团取代。芳基取代的杂芳基的具体实例包括但不限于，苯基取代的二苯并呋喃基、苯基取代的二苯并噻吩基、苯基取代的吡啶基等。应当理解地是，取代的杂芳基的碳原子数，指的是杂芳基和杂芳基上的取代基的碳原 子总数。
本申请中，作为取代基的芳基的碳原子数可以为6～20，例如碳原子数可以为6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20，作为取代基的芳基的具体实例包括但不限于，苯基、联苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000005
基。
本申请中，作为取代基的杂芳基的碳原子数可以为6～20，例如碳原子数可以为6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20，作为取代基的杂芳基的具体实例包括但不限于，咔唑基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、异喹啉基。
本申请中，对芳基的解释可应用于亚芳基，对杂芳基的解释同样应用于亚杂芳基。
本发明中，n个原子形成的环体系，即为n元环。例如，苯基为6元芳基。6-10元芳环就是指苯环、茚环和萘环等。
本申请中的“环”包含饱和环、不饱和环；饱和环例如为环烷基、杂环烷基，不饱和环例如为环烯基、杂环烯基、芳基和杂芳基。
本申请中，
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000006
是指与其他取代基或结合位置结合的位置。
本申请中的不定位连接键，是指从环体系中伸出的单键和
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000007
其表示该连接键的一端可以连接该键所贯穿的环体系中的任意位置，另一端连接化合物分子其余部分。例如，下式(f)中所示的，式(f)所表示的萘基通过两个贯穿双环的不定位连接键与分子其他位置连接，其所表示的含义，包括如式(f-1)～式(f-10)所示出的任一可能的连接方式。
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000008
例如，下式(X’)中所示的，式(X’)所表示的菲基通过一个从一侧苯环中间伸出的不定位连接键与分子其他位置连接，其所表示的含义，包括如式(X’-1)～式(X’-4)所示出的任一可能的连接方式。
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000009
本申请中的不定位取代基，指的是通过一个从环体系中央伸出的单键连接的取代基，其表示该取代基可以连接在该环体系中的任何可能位置。例如，下式(Y)中所示地，式(Y)所表示的取代基R’基通过一个不定位连接键与喹啉环连接，其所表示的含义，包括如式(Y-1)～式(Y-7)所示出的任一可能的连接方式：
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000010
本申请中，卤素基团例如可以为氟、氯、溴、碘。
本申请中，三烷基硅基的具体实例包括但不限于，三甲基硅基、三乙基硅基等。
本申请中，三芳基硅基的具体实例包括但不限于，三苯基硅基等。
本申请中，卤代烷基的具体实例包括但不限于，三氟甲基。
本申请中，环烷基的具体实例包括但不限于，环丙基、环戊基、环己基、金刚烷基。
可选地，R 1、R 2、L、L 1、L 2上的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氟、氰基、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、三甲基硅基、苯基、萘基、碳原子数为3～6的环烷基。
在一种实施方式中，R 1和R 2各自独立地选自氘、氰基、氟、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、三甲基硅基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、吡啶基。
可选地，R 1和R 2各自独立地选自异丙基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基。
在一种实施方式中，L选自碳原子数为6～12的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为3～12的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基。例如，L选自碳原子数为6、7、8、9、10、11、12的取代或未取代的亚芳基，或者选自碳原子数为3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基。
在一种实施方式中，L 1和L 2各自独立地选自单键、碳原子数为6～12的取代或未取代的亚芳基、或者碳原子数为3～12的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基。例如，L 1和L 2各自独立地选自单键，碳原子数为6、7、8、9、10、11、12的取代或未取代的亚芳基，或者选自碳原子数为3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基。
可选地，L选自取代或未取代的亚苯基、取代或未取代的亚萘基、或者取代或未取代的亚联苯基。
可选地，L 1和L 2各自独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的亚苯基、取代或未取代的亚萘基、或者取代或未取代的亚联苯基。
可选地，L选自如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000011
L 1和L 2各自独立地选自单键、或者如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000012
可选地，L选自如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000013
L 1和L 2各自独立地选自单键、或者如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000014
可选地，L选自如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000015
L 1和L 2各自独立地选自单键、或者如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000016
可选地，L选自如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000017
L 1和L 2各自独立地选自单键、或者如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000018
可选地，Ar 1和Ar 2各自独立地选自如下式i-1至式i-7所示的基团：
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000019
其中，M 1选自单键、
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000020
Z 1选自氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为3～10的环烷基、碳原子数为3～18的三烷基硅基；
Z 2～Z 9、Z 13～Z 15各自独立地选自氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为3～10的环烷基、碳原子数为6～18的杂芳基、碳原子数为3～18的三烷基硅基；
Z 10～Z 12各自独立地选自：氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为3～10的环烷基、碳原子数为6～20的芳基、碳原子数为6～18的杂芳基、碳原子数为3～18的三烷基硅基；
h 1～h 15以h k表示，Z 1～Z 15以Z k表示，k为变量，表示1～15的任意整数，h k表示取代基Z k的个数；其中，当k选自5时，h k选自0、1、2或者3；当k选自2、7、8、13、14或者15时，h k选自0、1、2、3或者4；当k选自1、3、4、6或者9时，h k选自0、1、2、3、4或者5；当k选自10或者11时，h k选自0、1、2、3、4、5、6或者7；当k选自12时，h k选自0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7或者8；且当h k大于1时，任意两个Z k相同或者不相同；
K 1选自O、S、N(Z 16)、C(Z 17Z 18)、Si(Z 19Z 20)；其中，Z 16、Z 17、Z 18、Z 19、Z 20各自独立地选自碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为6～12的芳基、碳原子数为6～12的杂芳基，或者Z 17和Z 18相互连接以与它们共同连接的原子形成碳原子数为3～15的饱和或不饱和的环，或者Z 19和Z 20相互连接以与它们共同连接的原子形成碳原子数为3～15的饱和或不饱和的环举例而言，在式j-6
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000021
中，当M 1为单键时，Z 11均为氢，K 2为单键，K 1为C(Z 17Z 18)时，任选地Z 17 和Z 18相互连接以与它们共同连接的原子形成5-13元的饱和或不饱和环指的是：Z 17和Z 18可以相互连接形成一个环，也可以是相互独立地存在；当Z 17和Z 18成环时，该环的碳原子数可以是5元环，例如
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000022
也可以是6元环，例如
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000023
还可以是13元环，例如
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000024
当然，Z 17和Z 18成环的碳原子数还可以为其他数值，此处不再一一列举，本申请不对此该环的碳原子数进行特殊限定；
K 2选自单键、O、S、N(Z 21)、C(Z 22Z 23)、Si(Z 24Z 25)；其中，Z 21、Z 22、Z 23、Z 24、Z 25各自独立地选自碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为6～12的芳基、碳原子数为6～12的杂芳基，或者Z 22和Z 23相互连接以与它们共同连接的原子形成碳原子数为3～15的饱和或不饱和的环，或者Z 24和Z 25相互连接以与它们共同连接的原子形成碳原子数为3～15的饱和或不饱和的环，本申请不对Z 22和Z 23成环的碳原子数、Z 24和Z 25成环的碳原子数进行特殊限定，Z 22和Z 23成环、Z 24和Z 25成环的碳原子数与Z 17和Z 18成环同理，此处不再赘述。
在一种实施方式中，Ar 1和Ar 2各自独立地选自碳原子数为6～25的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为12～18的取代或未取代的杂芳基。例如，Ar 1和Ar 2各自独立地选自碳原子数为6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25的取代或未取代的芳基，或者选自碳原子数为12、13、14、15、16、17、18的取代或未取代的杂芳基。
可选地，Ar 1和Ar 2各自独立地选自取代或未取代的基团W，未取代的基团W选自如下基团组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000025
基团W被取代时，基团W的取代基选自氘、氟、氰基、三甲基硅基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、环丙基、环己基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、咔唑基；基团W的取代基有多个时，多个取代基相同或不同。
可选地，Ar 1和Ar 2各自独立地选自取代或未取代的基团W’，未取代的基团W’选自如下基团组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000026
基团W’被取代时，基团W’的取代基选自氘、氟、氰基、三甲基硅基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、环丙基、环己基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、咔唑基；基团W’的取代基有多个时，多个取代基相同或不同。
可选地，Ar 1和Ar 2上的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氟、氰基、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、三甲基硅基、碳原子数为6～12的芳基、碳原子数为12～18的杂芳基、碳原子数为3～6的环烷基。
可选地，Ar 1和Ar 2上的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氟、氰基、三甲基硅基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、环丙基、环己基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、咔唑基。
可选地，Ar 1和Ar 2各自独立地选自取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取 代的联苯基、取代或未取代的三联苯基、取代或未取代的芴基、取代或未取代的二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的二苯并噻吩基、取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的螺二芴基；
Ar 1和Ar 2上的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氟、氰基、三甲基硅基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、环丙基、环己基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、咔唑基。
可选地，Ar 1和Ar 2各自独立地选自如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000027
可选地，Ar 1和Ar 2各自独立地选自如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000028
可选地，Ar 1和Ar 2各自独立地选自如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000029
可选地，所述含氮化合物选自如下化合物所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000030
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000031
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000032
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000033
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000034
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000035
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000036
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000037
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000038
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000039
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000040
本申请对提供的含氮化合物的合成方法没有特别限定，本领域技术人员可以根据本申请的含氮化合物结合合成例部分提供的制备方法确定合适的合成方法。换言之，本发明的合成例部分示例性地提供了含氮化合物的制备方法，所采用的原料可通过商购获得或本领域熟知的方法获得。本领域技术人员可以根据这些示例性的制备方法得到本申请提供的所有含氮化合物，在此不再详述制备该含氮化合物的所有具体制备方法，本领域技术人员不应理解为对本申请的限制。
本申请还提供一种电子元件，所述电子元件包括相对设置的阳极和阴极，以及设于所述阳极和所述阴极之间的功能层；其中，所述功能层包含本申请的含氮化合物。
可选地，所述功能层包括空穴传输层，所述空穴传输层包含所述含氮化合物。本申请提供的含氮化合物可应用于有机电致发光器件的空穴传输层，以提高有机电致发光器件的发光效率和寿命。
在本申请的一种实施方式中，电子元件可以为有机电致发光器件。如图1所示，有机电致发光器件可以包括依次层叠设置的阳极100、空穴传输层321、电子阻挡层322、有机电致发光层330、电子传输层350和阴极200。
可选地，阳极100包括以下阳极材料，其优选地是有助于空穴注入至功能层中的具有大逸出功(功函数，work function)材料。阳极材料具体实例包括：金属如镍、铂、钒、铬、铜、锌和金或它们的合金；金属氧化物如氧化锌、氧化铟、氧化铟锡(ITO)和氧化铟锌(IZO)；组合的金属和氧化物如ZnO∶Al或SnO 2∶Sb；或导电聚合物如聚(3-甲基噻吩)、聚[3,4-(亚乙基-1,2-二氧基)噻吩](PEDT)、聚吡咯和聚苯胺，但不限于此。优选包括包含氧化铟锡(铟锡氧化物，indium tin oxide)(ITO)作为阳极的透明电极。
可选地，空穴传输层321可以包含本申请的含氮化合物。
可选地，电子阻挡层322的材料可以选自咔唑多聚体、咔唑连接三芳胺类化合物等本领域所熟知的电子阻挡层材料，在此不再赘述。例如，电子阻挡层可以为EB-01。
可选地，有机电致发光层330可以由单一发光材料组成，也可以包括主体材料和客体材料。可选地，有机电致发光层330由主体材料和客体材料组成，注入有机电致发光层330的空穴和注入有机电致发光层330的电子可以在有机电致发光层330复合而形成激子，激子将能量传递给主体材料，主体材料将能量传递给客体材料，进而使得客体材料能够发光。
有机电致发光层330的主体材料可以为金属螯合类化合物、双苯乙烯基衍生物、芳香族胺衍生物、二苯并呋喃衍生物或者其他类型的材料，本申请对此不做特殊的限制。在本申请的一 种实施方式中，有机电致发光层330的主体材料可以为BH-01。
有机电致发光层330的客体材料可以为具有缩合芳基环的化合物或其衍生物、具有杂芳基环的化合物或其衍生物、芳香族胺衍生物或者其他材料，本申请对此不做特殊的限制。在本申请的一种实施方式中，有机电致发光层330的客体材料可以为BD-01。
电子传输层350可以为单层结构，也可以为多层结构，其可以包括一种或者多种电子传输材料，电子传输材料可以选自苯并咪唑衍生物、噁二唑衍生物、喹喔啉衍生物或者其他电子传输材料，本申请对此不做特殊的限定。举例而言，电子传输层350可以由ET-06和LiQ组成。
可选地，阴极200包括以下阴极材料，其是有助于电子注入至功能层中的具有小逸出功的材料。阴极材料的具体实例包括：金属如镁、钙、钠、钾、钛、铟、钇、锂、钆、铝、银、锡和铅或它们的合金；或多层材料如LiF/Al、Liq/Al、LiO 2/Al、LiF/Ca、LiF/Al和BaF 2/Ca，但不限于此。优选包括包含镁(Mg)和银(Ag)的金属电极作为阴极。
可选地，如图1所示，在阳极100和空穴传输层321之间还可以设置有空穴注入层310，以增强向空穴传输层321注入空穴的能力。空穴注入层310可以选用联苯胺衍生物、星爆状芳基胺类化合物、酞菁衍生物或者其他材料，本申请对此不做特殊的限制。例如，空穴注入层310可以为F4-TCNQ。
可选地，如图1所示，在阴极200和电子传输层350之间还可以设置有电子注入层360，以增强向电子传输层350注入电子的能力。电子注入层360可以包括有碱金属硫化物、碱金属卤化物等无机材料，或者可以包括碱金属与有机物的络合物。在本申请的一种实施方式中，电子注入层360可以包括Yb。
可选地，在有机电致发光层330和电子传输层350之间还可以设置或不设置有空穴阻挡层340，空穴阻挡层340的材料为本领域熟知的，在此不再赘述。
本申请实施方式还提供一种电子装置，该电子装置包括上述电子元件。
举例而言，如图2所示，所述电子装置为第一电子装置400，第一电子装置400包括上述有机电致发光器件。第一电子装置400可以为显示装置、照明装置、光通讯装置或者其他类型的电子装置，例如可以包括但不限于电脑屏幕、手机屏幕、电视机、电子纸、应急照明灯、光模块等。
以下，通过实施例对本申请进一步详细说明。但是，下述实施例仅是本申请的示例，而并非限定本申请。
合成例
1、中间体IM 1-1的合成
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000041
在N 2保护下，向1000mL三口烧瓶中加入1-羟基7-溴萘(80g，359mmol)、2-氟硝基苯(42.2g，299mmol)、碳酸钾(K 2CO 3)(82.6g，598mmol)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)(640mL)，将反应溶液加热至130℃并回流搅拌7h，停止加热，然后向其中加入1000mL的乙酸乙酯，将所得产物水洗至中性，用无水硫酸镁除水，过滤，浓缩有机相，用石油醚(PE)∶乙酸乙酯(v/v)＝20∶1过硅胶柱，得到淡黄色固体IM 1-1(93.5g，收率91％)。
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000042
在N 2保护下，向1000mL的三口烧瓶中加入IM 1-1(93.5g，272mmoL)、磷酸钾(K 3PO 4)(172g，815mmol)、BrettPhos(1.46g，2.7mmol)、2,4-戊二酸钯(Pd(acac) 2)(0.41g，1.36mmol)、对二甲苯(P-xylene)(720mL)，将反应溶液加热至150～160℃，反应24h，停止加热，然后将所得产物冷却至室温，水洗至中性，用无水硫酸镁除水，过滤，浓缩有机相，用PE∶乙酸乙酯(v/v)＝10∶1过硅胶柱，得到白色固体IM 1(70.2g，收率87％)。
2、中间体IM 2的合成
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000043
在N 2保护下，向500mL的三口烧瓶中加入IM 1(70.2g，236mmol)、4-氯苯硼酸(36.8g，236mmol)、碳酸钾(65.3g，473mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(PPh 3) 4)(2.73g，2.36mmol)、四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)(1.5g，4.7mmol)、甲苯(PhMe)(420mL)、无水乙醇(210mL)、水(70mL)，将反应溶液加热至80℃并回流搅拌24h，停止反应，待反应溶液冷却至室温，水洗至中性，加入无水硫酸镁除水，过滤，浓缩有机相，用DCM∶正庚烷(v/v)＝1∶3过硅胶柱，得白色固体IM 2(69.1g，收率89％)。
参照IM 2的方法合成IM X，不同之处在于，使用原料1代替4-氯苯硼酸。其中，使用的主要原料、合成的中间体及其收率示于表1中：
表1
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000044
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000045
3、中间体IM P289-1的合成
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000046
在N 2保护下，向100mL的三口烧瓶中加入1-氨基-9,9-二甲基芴(3.13g，15mmol)、2'-溴-1,1':3',1'-三联苯(4.6g，15mmol)、甲苯(50mL)，将反应溶液加热至108℃并回流搅拌，溶解至澄清后，降温至70～80℃，向其中加入叔丁醇钠(t-BuONa)(2.2g，22.8mmol)、2-二环己基膦-2,4,6-三异丙基联苯(x-Phos)(0.12g，0.3mmol)、双(二亚芐基丙酮)钯(Pd(dba) 2)(0.14g，0.15mmol)，将反应溶液升温至108℃并回流反应5h，停止加热，待反应溶液冷却至室温，水洗至中性，加入无水硫酸镁除水，过滤，浓缩有机相，用DCM∶正庚烷(v/v)＝1∶5过硅胶柱，得到白色固体IM P289-1(4g，收率61％)。
参照IM P289-1的方法合成表2所列的中间体，不同之处在于，使用原料2代替1-氨基-9,9-二甲基芴，使用原料3代替2'-溴-1,1':3',1'-三联苯。其中，使用的主要原料、合成的中间体及其收率示于表2中：
表2
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000047
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000048
4、化合物P1的合成
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000049
在N 2保护下，向100mL的三口烧瓶中加入IM 4(5g，15mmol)、二苯胺(2.6g，15mmol)、甲苯(50mL)，将反应溶液升温至108℃并回流搅拌，溶解至澄清后，降温至70～80℃，向其中加入叔丁醇钠(2.2g，22.8mmol)、2-双环己基膦-2',6'-二甲氧基联苯(S-Phos)(0.12g，0.3mmol)、双(二亚芐基丙酮)钯(Pd(dba) 2)(0.14g，0.15mmol)，将反应溶液升温至108℃并回流反应3h，停止加热，待反应溶液冷却至室温，水洗至中性，加入无水硫酸镁除水，过滤，浓缩有机相，用DCM∶正庚烷(v/v)＝1∶3过硅胶柱，得到白色固体化合物P1(4g，收率57％)；质谱(m/z)＝462.18[M+H] +。
参照化合物P1的方法合成表3所列的化合物，不同之处在于，使用原料4代替IM 4，使用原料5代替二苯胺。其中，使用的主要原料、合成的化合物及其收率、质谱示于表3中：
表3
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000050
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000051
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000052
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000053
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000054
5、中间体IM 9-2的合成
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000055
在N 2保护下，向1000mL三口烧瓶中加入1-硫醇7-溴萘(85.8g，359mmol)、2-氟硝基苯(42.2g，299mmol)、碳酸钾(82.6g，598mmol)、二甲基甲酰胺(640mL)，将反应溶液加热至130℃并回流搅拌7h，停止加热，然后向其中加入1000mL乙酸乙酯，将所得产物水洗至中性，用无水硫酸镁除水，过滤，浓缩有机相，用PE∶乙酸乙酯(v/v)＝20∶1过硅胶柱，得到黄色固体IM 9-1(118.9g，收率92％)。
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000056
在N 2保护下，向1000mL三口烧瓶中加入IM 9-1(97.9g，272mmoL)、磷酸钾(172g，815mmol)、BrettPhos(1.46g，2.7mmol)、2,4-戊二酸钯(0.41g，1.36mmol)、二甲苯720mL，将反应溶液加热至150～160℃，反应24h，停止加热，待反应溶液冷却至室温，将所得产物水洗至中性，用无水硫酸镁除水，过滤，浓缩有机相，用PE∶乙酸乙酯(v/v)＝10∶1过硅胶柱，得到白色固体IM 9-2(74.9g，收率88％)。
6、中间体IM 9的合成
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000057
在N 2保护下，向500mL三口烧瓶中加入IM 9-2(73.9g，236mmol)、4-氯苯硼酸(36.8g，236mmol)、碳酸钾(65.3g，473mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(2.73g，2.36mmol)、四丁基溴化铵(1.5g，4.7mmol)、甲苯(420mL)、无水乙醇(210mL)、水(70mL)，将反应溶液升温至80℃并回流搅拌24h，停止反应，待反应液冷却至室温，将所得产物水洗至中性后，用无水硫酸镁除水，过滤，浓缩有机相，用DCM∶正庚烷(v/v)＝1∶3过硅胶柱，得到白色固体IM 9(69.1g，收率85％)。
参照合成IM 9的合成表4所列的中间体，不同之处在于，使用原料6代替4-氯苯硼酸。其中，使用的主要原料、合成的中间体及其收率示于表4中：
表4
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000058
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000059
7、化合物P109的合成
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000060
在N 2保护下，向100mL三口烧瓶中加入IM 11(5.17g，15mmol)、二苯胺(2.6g，15mmol)、甲苯(50mL)，将反应溶液加热至108℃回流搅拌，溶解至澄清后，降温至70～80℃，向其中加入叔丁醇钠(2.2g，22.8mmol)、2-双环己基膦-2',6'-二甲氧基联苯(0.12g，0.3mmol)、双(二亚芐基丙酮)钯(0.14g，0.15mmol)，使反应溶液升温至108℃并回流反应3h，停止加热，待反应冷却至室温，将所得产物水洗至中性，用无水硫酸镁除水，过滤，浓缩有机相，用DCM∶正庚烷(v/v)＝1∶3过硅胶柱，得到白色固体化合物P109(4g，收率56％)；质谱(m/z)＝478.16[M+H] +。
参照化合物P109的方法合成表5所列的化合物，不同之处在于，使用原料7代替IM 8，使用原料8代替二苯胺。其中，使用的主要原料、合成的化合物及其收率、质谱示于表5中。
表5
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000061
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000062
8、化合物P228的合成
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000063
在N 2保护下，向500mL三口烧瓶中加入1-羟基7-溴萘(40g，179mmol)、2-氟3-硝基联苯(32.5g，149mmol)、碳酸钾(41g，299mmol)、二甲基甲酰胺(320mL)，将反应溶液加热至130℃并回流搅拌7h，停止加热，然后向其中加入500mL的乙酸乙酯，将所得产物水洗至中性，用无水硫酸镁除水，过滤，浓缩有机相，用PE∶乙酸乙酯(v/v)＝20∶1过硅胶柱，得到淡黄色固体IM 13-1(46.5g，收率75％)。
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000064
在N 2保护下，向500mL三口烧瓶中加入IM 13-1(40g，95mmoL)、磷酸钾(60g，285mmol)、BrettPhos(0.51g，0.95mmol)、2,4-戊二酸钯(0.15g，0.48mmol)，二甲苯320mL，将反应溶液加热至150～160℃，反应24h，停止加热，使反应溶液冷却至室温，将所得产物水洗至中性，用无水硫酸镁除水，过滤，浓缩有机相，用PE∶乙酸乙酯(v/v)＝10∶1过硅胶柱，得到白色固体IM 13-2(30g，收率85％)。
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000065
在N 2保护下，向500mL三口烧瓶中加入IM 13-2(30g，80mmol)、4-氯苯硼酸(12.6g，80mmol)、碳酸钾(22g，160mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0.93g，0.8mmol)、四丁基溴化铵(0.51g，1.6mmol)、甲苯(180mL)、无水乙醇(90mL)、水(30mL)，将反应溶液加热至80℃并回流搅拌24h，待反应溶液冷却至室温，将所得产物水洗至中性，用无水硫酸镁除水，过滤，浓缩有机相，用DCM∶正庚烷(v/v)＝1∶4过硅胶柱，得到白色固体IM 13(25g，收率79％)。
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000066
在N 2保护下，向250mL三口烧瓶中加入IM 13(10g，24.7mmol)、二苯胺(4.2g，24.7mmol)、甲苯(80mL)，将反应溶液升温至108℃并回流搅拌，溶解至澄清后，降温至70～80℃，然后，向其中加入叔丁醇钠(3.6g，37mmol)、2-双环己基膦-2',6'-二甲氧基联苯(0.20g，0.49mmol)、双(二亚芐基丙酮)钯(0.23g，0.25mmol)，将反应溶液升温至108℃回流，反应4h，停止加热，待反应溶液冷却至室温，将所得产物水洗至中性，用无水硫酸镁除水，过滤，浓缩有机相，用DCM∶正庚烷(v/v)＝1∶4过硅胶柱，得到白色固体化合物P228(7.2g，收率54％)；质谱(m/z)＝538.21[M+H] +。
部分化合物核磁数据如下表6所示：
表6
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000067
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000068
有机电致发光器件制备及评估
实施例1
蓝色有机电致发光器件
通过以下过程制备阳极：将厚度为
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000069
的ITO基板(康宁制造)切割成40mm×40mm×0.7mm的尺寸，采用光刻工序，将其制备成具有阴极、阳极以及绝缘层图案的实验基板，利用紫外臭氧以及O 2∶N 2等离子进行表面处理，以增加阳极(实验基板)的功函数的和清除浮渣。
在实验基板(阳极)上真空蒸镀F4-TCNQ形成厚度为
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000070
的空穴注入层(HIL)，并且在空穴注入层(HIL)上蒸镀化合物P1，形成厚度为
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000071
的空穴传输层(HTL)。
在空穴传输层(HTL)上真空蒸镀EB-01，形成厚度为
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000072
的电子阻挡层(EBL)。
在电子阻挡层(EBL)上，将BH-01和BD-01以98％∶2％的蒸镀比进行共同蒸镀，形成厚度为
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000073
的蓝色有机发光层(EML)。
在有机发光层(EML)上，将ET-06和LiQ以1∶1的膜厚比进行蒸镀形成了厚度为
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000074
的电子传输层(ETL)，将镱(Yb)蒸镀在电子传输层(ETL)上以形成厚度为
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000075
的电子注入层(EIL)，然后将镁(Mg)和银(Ag)以1∶10的膜厚比真空蒸镀在电子注入层(EIL)上，形成厚度为
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000076
的阴极。
此外，在上述阴极上蒸镀厚度为
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000077
的CP-5，形成有机覆盖层(CPL)，从而完成有机发光器件的制造。
实施例2～42
除了在形成空穴传输层时，分别以下表8中所示的化合物替代化合物P1以外，利用与实施例1相同的方法制作有机电致发光器件。
比较例1～3
除了在形成空穴传输层时，分别以化合物A、化合物B、化合物C代替化合物P1以外，利用与实施例1相同的方法制作有机电致发光器件。
以上实施例和对比例使用的主要材料结构如下所示表7：
表7
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000078
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000079
对如上制得的有机电致发光器件，在15mA/cm 2的条件下分析器件的性能，其结果示于下表8所示：
表8
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000080
Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-000081
根据表8的结果可知，使用本申请的含氮化合物作为空穴传输层制备的有机电致发光器件(实施例1-42)与使用已公知的化合物作为空穴传输层制备的有机电致发光器件(比较例1-3)相比，使用本申请中的化合物作为空穴传输层制备的有机电致发光器件的驱动电压至少降低0.11V，发光效率(Cd/A)至少提高了15.04％，外量子效率(EQE％)至少提高了14.89％，寿命最少的提高到了19.62％，最高的寿命可提高137h。因此，在空穴传输层中使用本申请的含氮化合物可提高有机电致发光器件发光效率和使用寿命。
以上结合附图详细描述了本申请的优选实施方式，但是，本申请并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本申请的技术构思范围内，可以对本申请的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本申请的保护范围。另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合，为了避免不必要的重复，本公开对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。此外，本申请的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本公开的思想，其同样应当视为本申请所公开的内容。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种含氮化合物，其特征在于，所述含氮化合物的结构如式1所示：
    Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-100001
    其中，X选自O、S；
    R 1和R 2相同或不同，且各自独立地选自氘、氰基、卤素基团、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为3～9的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为6～12的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为3～10的取代或未取代的杂芳基；
    n 1为R 1的个数，且n 1选自0、1、2、3或4；当n 1大于1时，任意两个R 1相同或不同；
    n 2为R 2的个数，且n 2选自0、1、2、3、4或5；当n 2大于1时，任意两个R 2相同或不同；
    L选自碳原子数为6～30的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为3～30的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基；
    L 1和L 2相同或不同，且各自独立地选自单键、碳原子数为6～30的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为3～30的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基；
    Ar 1和Ar 2相同或不同，且各自独立地选自碳原子数为6～30的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为3～30的取代或未取代的杂芳基；
    R 1、R 2、L、L 1、L 2、Ar 1和Ar 2上的取代基相同或不同，且各自独立地选自氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为1～10的烷基、碳原子数为1～12的卤代烷基、碳原子数为3～18的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为6～20的芳基、碳原子数为6～20的杂芳基、碳原子数为3～10的环烷基、碳原子数为2～12的杂环烷基、碳原子数为1～12的烷氧基、碳原子数为1～12的烷硫基。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，R 1、R 2、L、L 1、L 2上的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氟、氰基、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、三甲基硅基、苯基、萘基、碳原子数为3～6的环烷基。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，R 1和R 2各自独立地选自氘、氰基、氟、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、三甲基硅基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、吡啶基。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，R 1和R 2各自独立地选自异丙基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，L选自碳原子数为6～12的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为3～12的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基；
    L 1和L 2各自独立地选自单键、碳原子数为6～12的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为3～12的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，L选自如下基团所组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-100002
    L 1和L 2各自独立地选自单键、或者如下基团所组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-100003
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，L选自如下基团所组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-100004
    L 1和L 2各自独立地选自单键、或者如下基团所组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-100005
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，Ar 1和Ar 2各自独立地选自碳原子数为6～25的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为12～18的取代或未取代的杂芳基。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，Ar 1和Ar 2各自独立地选自取代或未取代的基团W，未取代的基团W选自如下基团组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-100006
    基团W被取代时，基团W的取代基选自氘、氟、氰基、三甲基硅基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、环丙基、环己基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、咔唑基；基团W的取代基有多个时，多个取代基相同或不同。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，Ar 1和Ar 2各自独立地选自取代或未取代的基团W’，未取代的基团W’选自如下基团组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-100007
    基团W’被取代时，基团W’的取代基选自氘、氟、氰基、三甲基硅基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、环丙基、环己基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、咔唑基；基团W’的取代基有多个时，多个取代基相同或不同。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，Ar 1和Ar 2上的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氟、氰基、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、三甲基硅基、碳原子数为6～12的芳基、碳原子数为12～18的杂芳基、碳原子数为3～6的环烷基。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，Ar 1和Ar 2各自独立地选自如下基团所组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-100008
    Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-100009
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，Ar 1和Ar 2各自独立地选自如下基团所组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-100010
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，所述含氮化合物选自如下化合物所组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-100011
    Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-100012
    Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-100013
    Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-100014
    Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-100015
    Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-100016
    Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-100017
    Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-100018
    Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-100019
    Figure PCTCN2021126432-appb-100020
  15. 一种电子元件，包括相对设置的阳极和阴极，以及设于所述阳极和所述阴极之间的功能层；其特征在于，所述功能层包含权利要求1～14中任一项所述的含氮化合物。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电子元件，其中，所述功能层包括空穴传输层，所述空穴传输层包含权利要求1～14任一项所述的含氮化合物。
  17. 一种电子装置，包括权利要求15或16所述的电子元件。
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