WO2022213905A1 - 有机化合物以及使用其的电子元件和电子装置 - Google Patents

有机化合物以及使用其的电子元件和电子装置 Download PDF

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WO2022213905A1
WO2022213905A1 PCT/CN2022/084920 CN2022084920W WO2022213905A1 WO 2022213905 A1 WO2022213905 A1 WO 2022213905A1 CN 2022084920 W CN2022084920 W CN 2022084920W WO 2022213905 A1 WO2022213905 A1 WO 2022213905A1
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carbon atoms
substituted
unsubstituted
independently selected
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French (fr)
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马林楠
南朋
金荣国
李应文
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陕西莱特光电材料股份有限公司
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Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the technical field of organic materials, and specifically provides an organic compound and electronic components and electronic devices using the same.
  • Such electronic components usually include oppositely disposed cathodes and anodes, and functional layers disposed between the cathodes and the anodes.
  • the functional layer is composed of multiple organic or inorganic film layers, and generally includes an energy conversion layer, a hole transport layer between the energy conversion layer and the anode, and an electron transport layer between the energy conversion layer and the cathode.
  • an organic electroluminescence device as an example, it generally includes an anode, a hole transport layer, an electroluminescence layer as an energy conversion layer, an electron transport layer and a cathode which are stacked in sequence.
  • an electric field is generated between the two electrodes.
  • the electrons on the cathode side move to the electroluminescent layer, and the holes on the anode side also move to the light-emitting layer, and the electrons and holes combine in the electroluminescent layer.
  • Excitons are formed, and the excitons are in an excited state to release energy to the outside, thereby causing the electroluminescent layer to emit light to the outside.
  • the electron blocking layer is used to block the electrons transmitted from the organic light-emitting layer, thereby ensuring that the electrons and holes can be efficiently recombined in the organic light-emitting layer; at the same time, the electron blocking layer can also block the organic light-emitting layer.
  • Excitons can reduce the triplet quenching of excitons, thereby ensuring the luminous efficiency of organic electroluminescent devices.
  • the material of the electron blocking layer has a relatively high LUMO value, which can effectively block the transport and diffusion of electrons and excitons from the organic light-emitting layer to the anode direction.
  • An object of the present application is to provide an organic compound, an electronic component and an electronic device using the same, and the use of the organic compound in an electronic component can improve the performance of the electronic component.
  • a first aspect of the present application provides an organic compound whose structure is shown in formula 1:
  • A is selected from adamantyl, norbornyl or cyclohexane
  • Ar 1 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups with 6-40 carbon atoms and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups with 3-30 carbon atoms;
  • Ar 2 is selected from wherein X is selected from C(R 4 R 5 ), N(R 6 ), O, S or Si(R 7 R 8 ), represents a chemical bond;
  • R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a carbon aryl group with 7-17 carbon atoms substituted by alkyl with 1-5 atoms, heteroaryl group with 3-12 carbon atoms; alternatively, R 4 and R 5 form saturated or unsaturated 3-15 A membered ring; or, R 7 and R 8 form a saturated or unsaturated 3-15 membered ring;
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from deuterium, cyano, halogen groups, alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, aryl groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, carbon atoms Heteroaryl with 3-12 atoms, trialkylsilyl with 3-12 carbon atoms;
  • n 1 represents the number of R 1
  • n 2 represents the number of R 2
  • n 3 represents the number of R 3
  • n 1 and n 2 are independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4
  • n 3 can be selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; and when n 1 is greater than 1, any two R 1 are the same or different; when n 2 is greater than 1, any two R 2 are the same or different; when n 3 is greater than When 1, any two R 3 are the same or different;
  • L 1 and L 2 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms. base;
  • the substituents in L 1 , L 2 and Ar 1 are the same or different, and are independently selected from deuterium, cyano, halogen, alkyl groups with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and alkyl groups with 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, An aryl group with 7 to 17 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group with 3 to 12 carbon atoms substituted by an alkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or, R 4 and R 5 form a saturated or unsaturated 3 ⁇ 15 membered ring; alternatively, R7 and R8 form a saturated or unsaturated 3-15 membered ring.
  • the organic compound of the present application is a triarylamine structure including a 1,8-diphenylnaphthalene group, a cycloalkane and a dibenzo five-membered ring.
  • the 1,8-diphenylnaphthalene group has a relatively high Good electron blocking ability
  • triarylamine can increase the conjugation of the molecule, effectively improve the efficiency, and enhance the film-forming performance of the molecule at the same time.
  • the large sterically hindered cycloalkane structure can effectively improve the stacking effect of the molecule, and the overall increase Molecular rigidity and thermal stability, thereby increasing the lifetime of organic electroluminescent devices.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides an electronic component, comprising an anode and a cathode disposed opposite to each other, and a functional layer disposed between the anode and the cathode; the functional layer includes the above-mentioned organic compound.
  • a third aspect of the present application provides an electronic device including the above electronic component.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an organic electroluminescent device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • a first aspect of the present application provides an organic compound whose structure is shown in formula 1:
  • A is selected from adamantyl, norbornyl or cyclohexane
  • Ar 1 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups with 6-40 carbon atoms and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups with 3-30 carbon atoms;
  • Ar 2 is selected from wherein X is selected from C(R 4 R 5 ), N(R 6 ), O, S or Si(R 7 R 8 ), represents a chemical bond;
  • R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a carbon aryl group with 7-17 carbon atoms substituted by alkyl with 1-5 atoms, heteroaryl group with 3-12 carbon atoms; alternatively, R 4 and R 5 form saturated or unsaturated 3-15 or, R 7 and R 8 form a saturated or unsaturated 3-15-membered ring, for example, the ring is cyclopentane, cyclohexane, fluorene ring, etc.;
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from deuterium, cyano, halogen groups, alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, aryl groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, carbon atoms Heteroaryl with 3-12 atoms, trialkylsilyl with 3-12 carbon atoms;
  • n 1 represents the number of R 1
  • n 2 represents the number of R 2
  • n 3 represents the number of R 3
  • n 1 and n 2 are independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4
  • n 3 can be selected From 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5; and when n 1 is greater than 1, any two R 1 are the same or different; when n 2 is greater than 1, any two R 2 are the same or different; when n 3 is greater than When 1, any two R 3 are the same or different;
  • L 1 and L 2 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms. base;
  • the substituents in L 1 , L 2 and Ar 1 are the same or different, and are independently selected from deuterium, cyano, halogen, alkyl groups with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and alkyl groups with 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, An aryl group with 7 to 17 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group with 3 to 12 carbon atoms substituted by an alkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or, R 4 and R 5 form a saturated or unsaturated 3 ⁇ 15 membered ring; alternatively, R7 and R8 form a saturated or unsaturated 3-15 membered ring.
  • A is an unsubstituted adamantyl group, an unsubstituted norbornyl group or an unsubstituted cyclohexane group.
  • each q is independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, and each R" is independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, fluorine, chlorine", and its meaning is:
  • formula Q-1 represents that there are q substituents R" on the benzene ring , each R" can be the same or different, and the options of each R" do not affect each other;
  • formula Q-2 indicates that each benzene ring of biphenyl has q substituents R", and the R" on the two benzene rings The number q of "substituents" can be the same or different, each R" can be the same or different, and the options of each R" do not affect each other.
  • substituted or unsubstituted means that the functional group described after the term may or may not have a substituent (hereinafter, for the convenience of description, the substituents are collectively referred to as Rc).
  • substituted or unsubstituted aryl refers to an aryl group having a substituent Rc or an unsubstituted aryl group.
  • the above-mentioned substituent, namely Rc can be, for example, a deuterium group, a cyano group, a halogen group, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or a trialkylsilyl group.
  • the number of carbon atoms of a substituted or unsubstituted functional group refers to the number of all carbon atoms. For example, if L2 is selected from a substituted arylene group having 12 carbon atoms, then all carbon atoms in the arylene group and the substituents thereon are 12. For example: Ar 1 is Then the number of carbon atoms is 10; L 2 is Its carbon number is 12.
  • A represents a group connected to Ar 1 , when Ar 1 is an unsubstituted aryl (heteroaryl) group, A is directly connected to the aryl (heteroaryl) group, and when Ar 1 is a substituted aryl (heteroaryl) group
  • Ar 1 can be connected to the aryl (heteroaryl) group or the substituent Rc, preferably directly connected to the aryl (heteroaryl) group.
  • Unsubstituted aryl(heteroaryl) means unsubstituted aryl or unsubstituted heteroaryl
  • substituted aryl(heteroaryl) means substituted aryl or substituted heteroaryl
  • alkyl may include straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl groups.
  • Alkyl groups may have 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and herein, a numerical range such as “1 to 5" refers to each integer in the given range; for example, "an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms” means an Alkyl of 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms, specific examples include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl and pentyl.
  • an aryl group refers to an optional functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic carbocyclic ring.
  • Aryl groups can be monocyclic aryl groups (eg, phenyl) or polycyclic aryl groups, in other words, aryl groups can be monocyclic aryl groups, fused-ring aryl groups, two or more monocyclic aryl groups conjugated through carbon-carbon bonds. Cyclic aryl groups, monocyclic aryl groups and fused-ring aryl groups linked by carbon-carbon bond conjugation, two or more fused-ring aryl groups linked by carbon-carbon bond conjugation.
  • two or more aromatic groups linked by carbon-carbon bond conjugation may also be considered aryl groups in the present application.
  • the fused ring aryl group may include, for example, a bicyclic fused aryl group (eg, naphthyl), a tricyclic fused aryl group (eg, phenanthrenyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl), and the like.
  • the aryl group does not contain heteroatoms such as B, N, O, S, P, Se and Si.
  • biphenyl, terphenyl, etc. are aryl groups.
  • aryl groups may include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthryl, biphenyl, terphenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, benzofluoranthene base, Base et al.
  • the arylene group referred to refers to a divalent group formed by the further loss of one hydrogen atom from the aryl group.
  • the substituted aryl group may be one or two or more hydrogen atoms in the aryl group replaced by a group such as a deuterium atom, a halogen group, a cyano group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a trialkylsilyl group, an alkyl group, a ring Alkyl, haloalkyl and other groups are substituted.
  • a group such as a deuterium atom, a halogen group, a cyano group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a trialkylsilyl group, an alkyl group, a ring Alkyl, haloalkyl and other groups are substituted.
  • heteroaryl-substituted aryl groups include, but are not limited to, dibenzofuranyl-substituted phenyl groups, dibenzothiophene-substituted phenyl groups, pyridine-substituted pheny
  • the number of carbon atoms in a substituted aryl group refers to the total number of carbon atoms in the aryl group and the substituent on the aryl group, for example, a substituted aryl group with a carbon number of 18 refers to the aryl group and the substituted aryl group.
  • the total number of carbon atoms in the base is 18.
  • a heteroaryl group refers to a monovalent aromatic ring or a derivative thereof containing at least one heteroatom in the ring, and the heteroatom can be at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, Se and S.
  • a heteroaryl group can be a monocyclic heteroaryl group or a polycyclic heteroaryl group, in other words, a heteroaryl group can be a single aromatic ring system or multiple aromatic ring systems linked by carbon-carbon bonds, and any aromatic
  • the ring system is an aromatic monocyclic ring or an aromatic fused ring.
  • heteroaryl groups can include thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, pyridyl, bipyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, acridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, quinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyridopyrazinyl, pyrazinopyrazinyl Azinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, carbazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzothienyl, dibenzothienyl, thiophene thieny
  • heteroarylene group refers to a divalent group formed by the further loss of one hydrogen atom from the heteroaryl group.
  • a substituted heteroaryl group may be a heteroaryl group in which one or more than two hydrogen atoms are replaced by a group such as a deuterium atom, a halogen group, a cyano group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a trialkylsilyl group, an alkyl group , cycloalkyl, haloalkyl and other groups.
  • aryl-substituted heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl-substituted dibenzofuranyl, phenyl-substituted dibenzothienyl, phenyl-substituted pyridyl, and the like. It should be understood that the number of carbon atoms in a substituted heteroaryl group refers to the total number of carbon atoms in the heteroaryl group and the substituents on the heteroaryl group.
  • the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group as a substituent may be 6 to 12, for example, the number of carbon atoms may be 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, specific examples of the aryl group as a substituent Including, but not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, and the like.
  • the number of carbon atoms of the heteroaryl group as a substituent may be 3 to 12, for example, the number of carbon atoms may be 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.
  • Specific examples of heteroaryl groups of radicals include, but are not limited to, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, carbazolyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, quinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl.
  • halogen groups may include fluorine, iodine, bromine, chlorine, and the like.
  • trialkylsilyl include, but are not limited to, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, and the like.
  • the spirofluorenyl group may be a spirobifluorenyl group.
  • a non-positioned connecting bond refers to a single bond extending from the ring system It means that one end of the linking bond can be connected to any position in the ring system through which the bond runs, and the other end is connected to the rest of the compound molecule.
  • the naphthyl group represented by the formula (f) is connected to other positions of the molecule through two non-positioned linkages running through the bicyclic ring.
  • the dibenzofuranyl group represented by the formula (X') is connected to other positions of the molecule through a non-positional linkage extending from the middle of one side of the benzene ring,
  • the meaning it represents includes any possible connection mode shown by formula (X'-1) to formula (X'-4):
  • Ar 1 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6-25 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5-20 carbon atoms.
  • Ar 1 is selected from carbon atoms having 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 Substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted hetero group with 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 carbon atoms Aryl.
  • the substituent in Ar 1 is selected from deuterium, cyano, fluorine, alkyl with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, trimethylsilyl, aryl with 6 to 12 carbon atoms, is a heteroaryl group of 5-12.
  • Ar 1 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted diphenylfuryl, substituted or unsubstituted diphenyl Benzothienyl, substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted spirofluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl.
  • the substituents in Ar 1 are each independently selected from deuterium, cyano, fluorine, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, pyridyl, trimethyl Silicon-based.
  • the carbazolyl group includes
  • Ar 1 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted group Q, wherein, unsubstituted group Q is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the substituted group Q has one or more substituents, each of which is independently selected from deuterium, cyano, fluorine, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, naphthalene group, biphenyl group, pyridyl group, trimethylsilyl group; when the number of substituent groups is greater than 1, each substituent group is the same or different.
  • Ar 1 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • Ar 1 is selected from the group consisting of the following groups:
  • L 1 and L 2 are each independently selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group with 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituted group with 10 to 20 carbon atoms. or unsubstituted heteroarylene.
  • L 1 and L 2 are each independently selected from single bonds, substitutions with carbon atoms of 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or unsubstituted arylene, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene with 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 carbon atoms.
  • the substituents in L 1 and L 2 are each independently selected from deuterium, cyano, fluorine, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, pyridyl , Trimethylsilyl.
  • L and L are each independently selected from single bond, substituted or unsubstituted phenylene, substituted or unsubstituted biphenylene, substituted or unsubstituted naphthylene, substituted or unsubstituted Carbazolylylene, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranylene, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothienylene, substituted or unsubstituted fluorenylene.
  • the substituents in L 1 and L 2 are each independently selected from deuterium, cyano, fluorine, trimethylsilyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, naphthyl, Biphenyl, pyridyl.
  • L 1 and L 2 are each independently selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted group V, wherein the unsubstituted group V is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the substituted group V has one or more substituents, each of which is independently selected from deuterium, cyano, fluorine, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, naphthalene group, biphenyl group, pyridyl group, trimethylsilyl group; when the number of substituent groups is greater than 1, each substituent group is the same or different.
  • L 1 and L 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, the following groups:
  • L 1 and L 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond and the following groups:
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently selected from deuterium, cyano, fluoro, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, naphthyl , biphenyl, pyridyl, trimethylsilyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl.
  • R4, R5 , R6 , R7 and R8 are each independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert - butyl, phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, pyrimidine base, pyridyl; or, R 4 and R 5 form a fluorene ring Alternatively, R 7 and R 8 form a fluorene ring
  • R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently selected from methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridine group; alternatively, R 4 and R 5 form a fluorene ring; alternatively, R 7 and R 8 form a fluorene ring.
  • Ar 2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothienyl, substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted Substituted silafluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted spirofluorenyl.
  • the substituents in Ar 2 are each independently selected from deuterium, cyano, fluorine, trimethylsilyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl , pyridyl.
  • Ar 2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted group W, wherein, unsubstituted group W is selected from the group consisting of the following groups:
  • the substituted group W has one or more substituents, each of which is independently selected from deuterium, cyano, fluorine, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, naphthalene group, biphenyl group, pyridyl group, trimethylsilyl group; when the number of substituent groups is greater than 1, each substituent group is the same or different.
  • Ar is selected from the group consisting of :
  • Ar 2 is selected from the group that the following groups are formed:
  • A is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the organic compound is selected from the following organic compounds:
  • a second aspect of the present application provides an electronic component, comprising an anode and a cathode disposed opposite to each other, and a functional layer disposed between the anode and the cathode; the functional layer includes the organic compound of the present application.
  • the functional layer includes an electron blocking layer, and the electron blocking layer contains the organic compound.
  • the electronic component is an organic electroluminescence device.
  • the organic electroluminescent device is a blue light device or a green light device.
  • the organic electroluminescent device may include an anode 100 , a hole transport layer 321 , an electron blocking layer 322 , an organic light emitting layer 330 , and an electron transport layer 340 , which are stacked in sequence. and cathode 200.
  • the anode 100 includes an anode material, which is preferably a material with a large work function that facilitates hole injection into the functional layer.
  • anode materials include: metals such as nickel, platinum, vanadium, chromium, copper, zinc and gold or alloys thereof; metal oxides such as zinc oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO); Combined metals and oxides such as ZnO:Al or SnO2: Sb; or conducting polymers such as poly(3-methylthiophene), poly[3,4-(ethylene-1,2-dioxy)thiophene ](PEDT), polypyrrole and polyaniline, but not limited thereto. It is preferable to include a transparent electrode comprising indium tin oxide (ITO) as an anode.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • the hole transport layer 321 may be selected from carbazole polymers, carbazole-linked triarylamine compounds or other types of compounds, which are not specifically limited in this application.
  • the hole transport layer 321 may be NPB.
  • the electron blocking layer 322 may be composed of the organic compound of the present application, or may be composed of the organic compound provided in the present application and other materials, and the other materials may be selected from carbazole polymers, carbazole-linked triarylamines Compounds or other compounds conventionally employed by those skilled in the art in electron blocking layers.
  • the electron blocking layer can be an organic compound of the present application.
  • the organic light-emitting layer 330 may be composed of a single light-emitting material, or may include a host material and a dopant material.
  • the organic light-emitting layer 330 is composed of a host material and a dopant material.
  • the holes injected into the organic light-emitting layer 330 and the electrons injected into the organic light-emitting layer 330 can recombine in the organic light-emitting layer 330 to form excitons, and the excitons transfer energy.
  • the host material transfers energy to the dopant material, thereby enabling the dopant material to emit light.
  • the host material of the organic light-emitting layer 330 may be metal chelate compounds, bis-styryl derivatives, aromatic amine derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives or other types of materials, which are not specifically limited in this application.
  • the host material of the organic light-emitting layer 330 is BH-01.
  • the dopant material of the organic light-emitting layer 330 may be a compound having a condensed aryl ring or a derivative thereof, a compound having a heteroaryl ring or a derivative thereof, an aromatic amine derivative or other materials, which are not specially made in this application. limits.
  • the dopant material of the organic light-emitting layer 330 is BD-01.
  • the electron transport layer 340 may be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, which may include one or more electron transport materials, and the electron transport materials may be selected from, but not limited to, benzimidazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives , quinoxaline derivatives or other electron transport materials.
  • the electron transport layer 340 consists of ET-06 and LiQ.
  • the cathode 200 includes a cathode material, which is a material with a small work function that facilitates electron injection into the functional layer.
  • cathode materials include: metals such as magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, titanium, indium, yttrium, lithium, gadolinium, aluminum, silver, tin and lead or alloys thereof; or multilayer materials such as LiF/Al, Liq/ Al, LiO 2 /Al, LiF/Ca, LiF/Al, and BaF 2 /Ca, but not limited thereto.
  • a metal electrode comprising magnesium and silver is preferably included as the cathode.
  • a hole injection layer 310 is further disposed between the anode 100 and the hole transport layer 321 to enhance the capability of injecting holes into the hole transport layer 321 .
  • the hole injection layer 310 can be selected from benzidine derivatives, starburst arylamine compounds, phthalocyanine derivatives or other materials, which are not specifically limited in this application.
  • the material of the hole injection layer 310 is F4-TCNQ.
  • an electron injection layer 350 is further disposed between the cathode 200 and the electron transport layer 340 to enhance the capability of injecting electrons into the electron transport layer 340.
  • the electron injection layer 350 may include inorganic materials such as alkali metal sulfide and alkali metal halide, or may include a complex compound of alkali metal and organic matter.
  • the material of the electron injection layer 350 is Yb.
  • a hole blocking layer 341 may or may not be provided between the organic light-emitting layer 330 and the electron transport layer 340, and the material of the hole blocking layer 341 is well known in the art. It is not repeated here.
  • a third aspect of the present application provides an electronic device, including the electronic component provided by the second aspect of the present application.
  • the electronic device is an electronic device 400
  • the electronic device 400 includes the above-mentioned organic electroluminescence device.
  • the electronic device 400 may be, for example, a display device, a lighting device, an optical communication device, or other types of electronic devices, such as but not limited to computer screens, mobile phone screens, televisions, electronic paper, emergency lighting, light modules, and the like.
  • the compounds of the synthetic methods not mentioned in this application are all raw materials obtained through commercial channels.
  • the IMA-X listed in Table 1 was synthesized with reference to the method of IMA-1, except that the raw material 1 was used instead of p-bromoiodobenzene. Among them, the main raw materials used, the synthesized intermediates and their yields are shown in Table 1.
  • n-butyllithium 2.5M, 710mmol
  • phenyltrichlorosilane 130mL, 800mmol
  • washed the organic phase with water until neutral, dried with sodium sulfate, passed through the column with dichloromethane as the eluent, concentrated the liquid after the column, and recrystallized with dichloromethane: n-heptane (v/v) 1: 4, Filtration gave IM C1-1 (46.8 g, 50% yield).
  • 9,9-diphenyl-9H-9-silafluorene (27 g, 80.8 mmol) was dissolved in 300 mL of chloroform, and the mixture was stirred well at 0 °C, and the mixture was added dropwise Bromine (12.9g, 80.8mmol), then gradually warmed up to room temperature, reacted at room temperature for 8h to stop the reaction, quenched by adding water, washed the organic phase three times, dried with sodium sulfate, recrystallized with ethanol, and filtered to obtain 1 M C3 -1 (23.6 g, 71% yield).
  • 3-chloro-2-iodoaniline (25.3 g, 100 mmol), o-chlorobenzeneboronic acid (15.6 g, 100 mmol), potassium carbonate (27.6 g, 200 mmol), TBAB (1.29 g, 4 mmol), Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 (2.31 g, 2 mmol), toluene (150 mL), ethanol (75 mL), and water (25 mL) were added to a 500 mL three-necked flask, reacted at 80° C.
  • IM A-1 0.056mol, 20g
  • IM C1-2 0.056mol, 19.57g
  • toluene 160mL
  • IM B-1 (8.85 g, 30.4 mmol), IM C-1 (19.08 g, 30.4 mmol), and toluene (100 mL) were added to a 250 mL three-necked round-bottomed flask, and the solution was stirred at 108 °C under reflux.
  • the compounds shown in Table 5 were synthesized by the method of compound 2, except that starting material 6 was used instead of IMB-1, and starting material 7 was used instead of IMC-1. Among them, the main raw materials used, the synthesized compounds, their yields, and mass spectra are shown in Table 5.
  • Organic electroluminescent devices were prepared by the following process: the thickness of The ITO substrate (manufactured by Corning) was cut into a size of 40mm (length) ⁇ 40mm (width) ⁇ 0.7mm (thickness), and a photolithography process was used to prepare it into an experimental substrate with cathode, anode and insulating layer patterns. Ozone and O2 : N2 plasma were used for surface treatment to increase the work function of the anode (experimental substrate) and to remove scum.
  • HIL hole injection layer
  • NPB hole transport layer
  • Compound 2 was vacuum evaporated on the hole transport layer to form a thickness of The electron blocking layer (EBL).
  • EBL electron blocking layer
  • BH-01 and BD-01 were co-evaporated at a film thickness ratio of 98%: 2% to form a thickness of The blue organic light-emitting layer (EML).
  • EML blue organic light-emitting layer
  • ET-06 and LiQ were formed by vapor deposition at a film thickness ratio of 1:1.
  • Thick electron transport layer (ETL) was evaporated on the electron transport layer to form a thickness of
  • magnesium (Mg) and silver (Ag) were vacuum-evaporated on the electron injection layer with a film thickness ratio of 1:9 to form a thickness of the cathode.
  • CP-05 was vapor-deposited on the cathode to form a thickness of the organic capping layer (CPL), thereby completing the fabrication of organic electroluminescent devices.
  • CPL organic capping layer
  • An organic electroluminescent device was fabricated by the same method as in Example 1, except that the remaining compounds described in Table 7 were used instead of Compound 2 when forming the electron blocking layer.
  • Examples 1 to 78 as the compound of the electron blocking layer are compared with the device Comparative Examples 1 to 4 corresponding to the known compounds.
  • the compounds used in the present invention are used as the electron blocking layer.
  • the driving voltage of the electroluminescent device is reduced by at least 0.17V, the luminous efficiency (Cd/A) is increased by at least 13.36%, the external quantum efficiency is increased by at least 13.42%, the minimum lifetime is increased by 6.1%, and the maximum lifetime can be increased by 82h.

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Abstract

本申请属于有机材料领域，涉及一种有机化合物以及使用其的电子元件和电子装置，所述有机化合物具有如式1所示的结构，所述有机化合物应用于有机电致发光器件中，可显著改善器件的性能。

Description

有机化合物以及使用其的电子元件和电子装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2021年4月9日递交的申请号为202110383938.6的中国专利申请以及2021年9月9日递交的申请号为202111056876.4的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用并入本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于有机材料技术领域，具体提供一种有机化合物以及使用其的电子元件和电子装置。
背景技术
随着电子技术的发展和材料科学的进步，用于实现电致发光或者光电转化的电子元件的应用范围越来越广泛。该类电子元件通常包括相对设置的阴极和阳极，以及设置于阴极和阳极之间的功能层。该功能层由多层有机或者无机膜层组成，且一般包括能量转化层、位于能量转化层与阳极之间的空穴传输层、位于能量转化层与阴极之间的电子传输层。
以有机电致发光器件为例，其一般包括依次层叠设置的阳极、空穴传输层、作为能量转化层的电致发光层、电子传输层和阴极。当阴阳两极施加电压时，两电极产生电场，在电场的作用下，阴极侧的电子向电致发光层移动，阳极侧的空穴也向发光层移动，电子和空穴在电致发光层结合形成激子，激子处于激发态向外释放能量，进而使得电致发光层对外发光。
有机发光器件结构中，电子阻挡层用于阻挡有机发光层传输过来的电子，进而保证电子和空穴能够很高效地在有机发光层复合；同时，电子阻挡层还可以阻挡有机发光层扩散过来的激子，减少激子的三线态淬灭，进而保证有机电致发光器件的发光效率。电子阻挡层的材料具有比较高的LUMO值，其可以有效阻挡电子和激子从有机发光层向阳极方向的传输和扩散。随着市场的不断发展，对器件的发光效率、使用寿命等性能的要求越来越高，开发稳定高效的电子阻挡层材料，从而降低驱动电压，提高器件发光效率，延长器件寿命，具有很重要的实际应用价值。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种机化合物以及使用其的电子元件和电子装置，将该有机化合物用于电子元件能够改善电子元件的性能。
本申请的第一方面提供一种有机化合物，其结构如式1所示：
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000001
式1中，A选自金刚烷基、降冰片基或环己烷基；
Ar 1选自碳原子数为6～40的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为3～30的取代或未取代的杂芳基；
Ar 2选自
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000002
其中X选自C(R 4R 5)、N(R 6)、O、S或Si(R 7R 8)，
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000003
表示化学键；
R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7和R 8相同或不同，且各自独立地选自氢、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子 数为6～12的芳基、被碳原子数为1～5的烷基取代的碳原子数为7～17的芳基、碳原子数为3～12的杂芳基；或者，R 4和R 5形成饱和或不饱和的3～15元环；或者，R 7和R 8形成饱和或不饱和的3～15元环；
R 1、R 2和R 3相同或不同，且各自独立地选自氘、氰基、卤素基团、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为6～12的芳基、碳原子数为3～12的杂芳基、碳原子数为3～12的三烷基硅基；
n 1表示R 1的个数，n 2表示R 2的个数，n 3表示R 3的个数，n 1和n 2各自独立地选自0、1、2、3或4，n 3选自0、1、2、3、4或5；且当n 1大于1时，任意两个R 1相同或不同；当n 2大于1时，任意两个R 2相同或不同；当n 3大于1时，任意两个R 3相同或不同；
L 1和L 2相同或者不同，各自独立地选自单键、碳原子数为6～30的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为3～30的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基；
L 1、L 2和Ar 1中的取代基相同或者不同，且分别独立地选自氘、氰基、卤素基团、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为6～12的芳基、碳原子数为3～12的杂芳基、碳原子数为3～12的三烷基硅基。
可选地，R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7和R 8相同或不同，且各自独立地选自碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为6～12的芳基、被碳原子数为1～5的烷基取代的碳原子数为7～17的芳基、碳原子数为3～12的杂芳基；或者，R 4和R 5形成饱和或不饱和的3～15元环；或者，R 7和R 8形成饱和或不饱和的3～15元环。
本申请的有机化合物是同时包括1,8-二苯基萘基团、环烷烃和二苯并五元环的三芳胺结构，在该结构中，1,8-二苯基萘基团具有较好的电子阻挡能力，三芳胺可以增加分子的共轭性，有效提升效率，同时增强分子的成膜性能，此外，大空间位阻的环烷烃结构，有效改善了分子的堆叠效应，整体上增加分子的刚性和热稳定性，进而提高有机电致发光器件的使用寿命。
本申请第二方面提供一种电子元件，包括相对设置的阳极和阴极，以及设于所述阳极和所述阴极之间的功能层；所述功能层包含上述有机化合物。
本申请第三方面提供一种电子装置，包括上述电子元件。
本申请的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本申请，但并不构成对本申请的限制。
图1是本申请一种实施方式的有机电致发光器件的结构示意图。
图2是本申请一种实施方式的电子装置的示意图。
附图标记说明
100、阳极；200、阴极；300、功能层；310、空穴注入层；321、空穴传输层；322、电子阻挡层；330、有机发光层；341、空穴阻挡层；340、电子传输层；350、电子注入层；400、电子装置。
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图更全面地描述示例性实施方式。然而，示例性实施方式能够以多种形式实施，且不应被理解为限于在此阐述的范例；相反，提供这些实施方式使得本申请将更加全面和完整，并将示例性实施方式的构思全面地传达给本领域的技术人员。所描述的特征、结构或特性可以以任何合适的方式结合在一个或更多个实施方式中。在下面的描述中，提供许多具体细节从而给出 对本申请的实施方式的充分理解。
本申请的第一方面提供一种有机化合物，其结构如式1所示：
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000004
式1中，A选自金刚烷基、降冰片基或环己烷基；
Ar 1选自碳原子数为6～40的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为3～30的取代或未取代的杂芳基；
Ar 2选自
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000005
其中X选自C(R 4R 5)、N(R 6)、O、S或Si(R 7R 8)，
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000006
表示化学键；
R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7和R 8相同或不同，且各自独立地选自氢、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为6～12的芳基、被碳原子数为1～5的烷基取代的碳原子数为7～17的芳基、碳原子数为3～12的杂芳基；或者，R 4和R 5形成饱和或不饱和的3～15元环；或者，R 7和R 8形成饱和或不饱和的3～15元环，举例而言，所述环为环戊烷、环己烷、芴环等；
R 1、R 2和R 3相同或不同，且各自独立地选自氘、氰基、卤素基团、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为6～12的芳基、碳原子数为3～12的杂芳基、碳原子数为3～12的三烷基硅基；
n 1表示R 1的个数，n 2表示R 2的个数，n 3表示R 3的个数，n 1和n 2各自独立地选自0、1、2、3或4，n 3选自0、1、2、3、4和5；且当n 1大于1时，任意两个R 1相同或不同；当n 2大于1时，任意两个R 2相同或不同；当n 3大于1时，任意两个R 3相同或不同；
L 1和L 2相同或者不同，各自独立地选自单键、碳原子数为6～30的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为3～30的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基；
L 1、L 2和Ar 1中的取代基相同或者不同，且分别独立地选自氘、氰基、卤素基团、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为6～12的芳基、碳原子数为3～12的杂芳基、碳原子数为3～12的三烷基硅基。
可选地，R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7和R 8相同或不同，且各自独立地选自碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为6～12的芳基、被碳原子数为1～5的烷基取代的碳原子数为7～17的芳基、碳原子数为3～12的杂芳基；或者，R 4和R 5形成饱和或不饱和的3～15元环；或者，R 7和R 8形成饱和或不饱和的3～15元环。
本申请中，A为未取代的金刚烷基、未取代的降冰片基或未取代的环己烷基。
本申请中，
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000007
包括
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000008
本申请中，所使用的描述方式“……各自独立地为”与“……分别独立地为”和“……独立地选自”可以互换，均应做广义理解，其既可以是指在不同基团中，相同符号之间所表达的具体选项之间互相不影响，也可以表示在相同的基团中，相同符号之间所表达的具体选项之间互相不影响。例如，“
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000009
其中，各q独立地为0、1、2或3，各R”独立地选自氢、氘、氟、氯”， 其含义是：式Q-1表示苯环上有q个取代基R”，各个R”可以相同也可以不同，每个R”的选项之间互不影响；式Q-2表示联苯的每一个苯环上有q个取代基R”，两个苯环上的R”取代基的个数q可以相同或不同，各个R”可以相同也可以不同，每个R”的选项之间互不影响。
本申请中，“取代或未取代的”这样的术语是指，在该术语后面记载的官能团可以具有或不具有取代基(下文为了便于描述，将取代基统称为Rc)。例如，“取代或未取代的芳基”是指具有取代基Rc的芳基或者非取代的芳基。其中上述的取代基即Rc例如可以为氘、氰基、卤素基团、烷基、芳基、杂芳基、三烷基硅基。
本申请中，取代或未取代的官能团的碳原子数，指的是所有碳原子数。举例而言，若L 2选自碳原子数为12的取代的亚芳基，则亚芳基及其上的取代基的所有碳原子数为12。例如：Ar 1为
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000010
则其碳原子数为10；L 2为
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000011
其碳原子数为12。另外，A表示在Ar 1上连接的基团，当Ar 1为未取代的芳(杂芳)基时，A直接连接在该芳(杂芳)基上，当Ar 1为取代的芳(杂芳)基(取代基为Rc)时，Ar 1可以连接在芳(杂芳)基上，还可以连接在取代基Rc上，优选直接连接在芳(杂芳)基上。“未取代的芳(杂芳)基”表示未取代的芳基或未取代的杂芳基，“取代的芳(杂芳)基”表示取代的芳基或取代的杂芳基。
本申请中，“烷基”可以包括直链烷基或支链烷基。烷基可具有1至5个碳原子，本申请中，诸如“1至5”的数值范围是指给定范围中的各个整数；例如，"1至5个碳原子的烷基”是指包含1个碳原子、2个碳原子、3个碳原子、4个碳原子、5个碳原子的烷基，具体实例包括但不限于，甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基和戊基。
本申请中，芳基指的是衍生自芳香碳环的任选官能团或取代基。芳基可以是单环芳基(例如苯基)或多环芳基，换言之，芳基可以是单环芳基、稠环芳基、通过碳碳键共轭连接的两个或者更多个单环芳基、通过碳碳键共轭连接的单环芳基和稠环芳基、通过碳碳键共轭连接的两个或者更多个稠环芳基。即，除非另有说明，通过碳碳键共轭连接的两个或者更多个芳香基团也可以视为本申请的芳基。其中，稠环芳基例如可以包括双环稠合芳基(例如萘基)、三环稠合芳基(例如菲基、芴基、蒽基)等。芳基中不含有B、N、O、S、P、Se和Si等杂原子。举例而言，在本申请中，联苯基、三联苯基等为芳基。芳基的实例可以包括但不限于，苯基、萘基、芴基、蒽基、菲基、联苯基、三联苯基、苯并[9,10]菲基、芘基、苯并荧蒽基、
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000012
基等。本申请中，涉及的亚芳基是指芳基进一步失去一个氢原子所形成的二价基团。
本申请中，取代的芳基可以是芳基中的一个或者两个以上氢原子被诸如氘原子、卤素基团、氰基、芳基、杂芳基、三烷基硅基、烷基、环烷基、卤代烷基等基团取代。杂芳基取代的芳基的具体实例包括但不限于，二苯并呋喃基取代的苯基、二苯并噻吩取代的苯基、吡啶取代的苯基等。应当理解地是，取代的芳基的碳原子数，指的是芳基和芳基上的取代基的碳原子总数，例如碳原子数为18的取代的芳基，指的是芳基和取代基的总碳原子数为18。
本申请中，杂芳基是指环中包含至少一个杂原子的一价芳香环或其衍生物，杂原子可以是B、O、N、P、Si、Se和S中的至少一种。杂芳基可以是单环杂芳基或多环杂芳基，换言之，杂芳基可以是单个芳香环体系，也可以是通过碳碳键共轭连接的多个芳香环体系，且任一芳香环体系为一个芳香单环或者一个芳香稠环。示例地，杂芳基可以包括噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、咪唑基、噻唑基、噁唑基、噁二唑基、三唑基、吡啶基、联吡啶基、嘧啶基、三嗪基、吖啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、吩噁嗪基、酞嗪基、吡啶并嘧啶基、吡啶并吡嗪基、吡嗪并吡嗪基、异喹啉基、吲哚基、咔唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、 苯并咔唑基、苯并噻吩基、二苯并噻吩基、噻吩并噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、菲咯啉基、异噁唑基、噻二唑基、吩噻嗪基、硅芴基、二苯并呋喃基以及N-苯基咔唑基、N-吡啶基咔唑基、N-甲基咔唑基等，而不限于此。其中，噻吩基、呋喃基、菲咯啉基等为单个芳香环体系类型的杂芳基，N-苯基咔唑基、N-吡啶基咔唑基为通过碳碳键共轭连接的多环体系类型的杂芳基。本申请中，涉及的亚杂芳基是指杂芳基进一步失去一个氢原子所形成的二价基团。
本申请中，取代的杂芳基可以是杂芳基中的一个或者两个以上氢原子被诸如氘原子、卤素基团、氰基、芳基、杂芳基、三烷基硅基、烷基、环烷基、卤代烷基等基团取代。芳基取代的杂芳基的具体实例包括但不限于，苯基取代的二苯并呋喃基、苯基取代的二苯并噻吩基、苯基取代的吡啶基等。应当理解地是，取代的杂芳基的碳原子数，指的是杂芳基和杂芳基上的取代基的碳原子总数。
本申请中，作为取代基的芳基的碳原子数可以为6～12，例如，碳原子数可以为6、7、8、9、10、11、12，作为取代基的芳基的具体实例包括但不限于，苯基、萘基、联苯基等。
本申请中，作为取代基的杂芳基的碳原子数可以为3～12，例如，碳原子数可以为3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12，作为取代基的杂芳基的具体实例包括但不限于，吡啶基、嘧啶基、咔唑基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基。
本申请中，卤素基团可以包括氟、碘、溴、氯等。
本申请中，三烷基硅基的具体实例包括但不限于，三甲基硅基、三乙基硅基等。
本申请中，螺芴基可以为螺二芴基。
本申请中，不定位连接键是指从环体系中伸出的单键
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000013
其表示该连接键的一端可以连接该键所贯穿的环体系中的任意位置，另一端连接化合物分子其余部分。
举例而言，如下式(f)中所示地，式(f)所表示的萘基通过两个贯穿双环的不定位连接键与分子其他位置连接，其所表示的含义，包括如式(f-1)～式(f-10)所示出的任一可能的连接方式：
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000014
再举例而言，如下式(X')中所示地，式(X')所表示的二苯并呋喃基通过一个从一侧苯环中间伸出的不定位连接键与分子其他位置连接，其所表示的含义，包括如式(X'-1)～式(X'-4)所示出的任一可能的连接方式：
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000015
在本申请的一种实施方式中，Ar 1选自碳原子数为6～25的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为5～20的取代或未取代的杂芳基。例如，Ar 1选自碳原子数为6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25的取代或未取代的芳基，碳原子数为5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20的取代或未取代的杂芳基。
可选地，Ar 1中的取代基选自氘、氰基、氟、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、三甲基硅基、碳原子数为6～12的芳基、碳原子数为5～12的杂芳基。
可选地，Ar 1选自取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的联苯基、取代或未取代的二苯基呋喃基、取代或未取代的二苯并噻吩基、取代或未取代的芴基、取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的螺芴基、取代或未取代的菲基。
优选地，Ar 1中的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氰基、氟、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、吡啶基、三甲基硅基。
本申请中，咔唑基包括
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000016
可选地，Ar 1选自取代或未取代的基团Q，其中，未取代的基团Q选自如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000017
取代的基团Q中具有一个或两个以上的取代基，所述取代基各自独立地选自氘、氰基、氟、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、吡啶基、三甲基硅基；当取代基个数大于1时，各取代基相同或不同。
可选地，Ar 1选自如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000018
进一步可选地，Ar 1选自如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000019
在本申请的一种具体实施方式中，L 1和L 2各自独立地选自单键、碳原子数为6～20的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为10～20的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基。例如，L 1和L 2各自独立地选自单键，碳原子数为6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20的取代或未取代的亚芳基，碳原子数为10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20的取代或未取代的亚杂芳 基。
优选地，L 1和L 2中的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氰基、氟、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、吡啶基、三甲基硅基。
可选地，L 1和L 2各自独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的亚苯基、取代或未取代的亚联苯基、取代或未取代的亚萘基、取代或未取代的亚咔唑基、取代或未取代的亚二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的亚二苯并噻吩基、取代或未取代的亚芴基。
优选地，L 1和L 2中的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氰基、氟、三甲基硅基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、吡啶基。
可选地，L 1和L 2各自独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的基团V，其中，未取代的基团V选自如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000020
取代的基团V中具有一个或两个以上的取代基，所述取代基各自独立地选自氘、氰基、氟、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、吡啶基、三甲基硅基；当取代基个数大于1时，各取代基相同或不同。
可选地，L 1和L 2各自独立地选自单键、如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000021
进一步可选地，L 1和L 2各自独立地选自单键、如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000022
在本申请的一种具体实施方式中，R 1、R 2和R 3各自独立地选自氘、氰基、氟、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、吡啶基、三甲基硅基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基。
可选地，R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7和R 8各自独立地选自氢、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、嘧啶基、吡啶基；或者，R 4和R 5形成芴环
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000023
或者，R 7和R 8形成芴环
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000024
优选地，R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7和R 8各自独立地选自甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、嘧啶基、吡啶基；或者，R 4和R 5形成芴环；或者，R 7和R 8形成芴环。
可选地，Ar 2选自取代或未取代的二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的二苯并噻吩基、取代或未取代的芴基、取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的硅芴基、取代或未取代的螺芴基。
优选地，Ar 2中的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氰基、氟、三甲基硅基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、吡啶基。
可选地，Ar 2选自取代或未取代的基团W，其中，未取代的基团W选自如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000025
取代的基团W中具有一个或两个以上的取代基，所述取代基各自独立地选自氘、氰基、氟、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、吡啶基、三甲基硅基；当取代基个数大于1时，各取代基相同或不同。
可选地，Ar 2选自以下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000026
进一步可选地，Ar 2选自如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000027
可选地，A选自如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000028
可选地，所述有机化合物选自以下有机化合物：
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000029
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000030
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000031
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000032
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000033
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000034
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000035
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000036
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000037
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000038
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000039
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000040
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000041
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000042
本申请的第二方面提供一种电子元件，包括相对设置的阳极和阴极，以及设于所述阳极和所 述阴极之间的功能层；所述功能层包含本申请的有机化合物。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述功能层包括电子阻挡层，所述电子阻挡层含有所述有机化合物。可选地，所述电子元件为有机电致发光器件。
可选地，所述有机电致发光器件为蓝光器件或绿光器件。
在一种具体实施方式中，如图1所示，所述有机电致发光器件可以包括依次层叠设置的阳极100、空穴传输层321、电子阻挡层322、有机发光层330、电子传输层340和阴极200。
可选地，阳极100包括以下阳极材料，其优选地是有助于空穴注入至功能层中的具有大逸出功(功函数，work function)材料。阳极材料具体实例包括：金属如镍、铂、钒、铬、铜、锌和金或它们的合金；金属氧化物如氧化锌、氧化铟、氧化铟锡(ITO)和氧化铟锌(IZO)；组合的金属和氧化物如ZnO∶Al或SnO 2∶Sb；或导电聚合物如聚(3-甲基噻吩)、聚[3,4-(亚乙基-1,2-二氧基)噻吩](PEDT)、聚吡咯和聚苯胺，但不限于此。优选包括包含氧化铟锡(铟锡氧化物，indium tinoxide)(ITO)作为阳极的透明电极。
本申请中，空穴传输层321可以选自咔唑多聚体、咔唑连接三芳胺类化合物或者其他类型的化合物，本申请对此不做特殊的限定。例如，空穴传输层321可以为NPB。
本申请中，电子阻挡层322既可以由本申请的有机化合物组成，也可以由本申请所提供的有机化合物和其他材料共同组成，该其他材料可以选自咔唑多聚体、咔唑连接三芳胺类化合物或者其他本领域的技术人员在电子阻挡层所常规采用的化合物。例如，电子阻挡层可以为本申请的有机化合物。
本申请中，有机发光层330可以由单一发光材料组成，也可以包括主体材料和掺杂材料。可选地，有机发光层330由主体材料和掺杂材料组成，注入有机发光层330的空穴和注入有机发光层330的电子可以在有机发光层330复合而形成激子，激子将能量传递给主体材料，主体材料将能量传递给掺杂材料，进而使得掺杂材料能够发光。
有机发光层330的主体材料可以为金属螯合类化合物、双苯乙烯基衍生物、芳香族胺衍生物、二苯并呋喃衍生物或者其他类型的材料，本申请对此不做特殊的限制。在本申请的一种实施方式中，有机发光层330的主体材料为BH-01。
有机发光层330的掺杂材料可以为具有缩合芳基环的化合物或其衍生物、具有杂芳基环的化合物或其衍生物、芳香族胺衍生物或者其他材料，本申请对此不做特殊的限制。在本申请的一种实施方式中，有机发光层330的掺杂材料为BD-01。
电子传输层340可以为单层结构，也可以为多层结构，其可以包括一种或者多种电子传输材料，电子传输材料可以选自但不限于，苯并咪唑衍生物、噁二唑衍生物、喹喔啉衍生物或者其他电子传输材料。在本申请的一种实施方式中，电子传输层340由ET-06和LiQ组成。
本申请中，阴极200包括阴极材料，其是有助于电子注入至功能层中的具有小逸出功的材料。阴极材料的具体实例包括：金属如镁、钙、钠、钾、钛、铟、钇、锂、钆、铝、银、锡和铅或它们的合金；或多层材料如LiF/Al、Liq/Al、LiO 2/Al、LiF/Ca、LiF/Al和BaF 2/Ca，但不限于此。优选包括包含镁和银的金属电极作为阴极。
可选地，如图1所示，在阳极100和空穴传输层321之间还设置有空穴注入层310，以增强向空穴传输层321注入空穴的能力。空穴注入层310可以选用联苯胺衍生物、星爆状芳基胺类化合物、酞菁衍生物或者其他材料，本申请对此不做特殊的限制。例如，空穴注入层310的材料为F4-TCNQ。
可选地，如图1所示，在阴极200和电子传输层340之间还设置有电子注入层350，以增强向 电子传输层340注入电子的能力。电子注入层350可以包括有碱金属硫化物、碱金属卤化物等无机材料，或者可以包括碱金属与有机物的络合物。例如，电子注入层350的材料为Yb。
可选地，如图1所示，在所述有机发光层330与所述电子传输层340之间可以设置或不设置空穴阻挡层341，空穴阻挡层341的材料为本领域所熟知，在此不再赘述。
本申请的第三方面提供一种电子装置，包括本申请第二方面提供的电子元件。
按照一种实施方式，如图2所示，所述电子装置为电子装置400，该电子装置400包括上述有机电致发光器件。电子装置400例如可以为显示装置、照明装置、光通讯装置或者其他类型的电子装置，例如可以包括但不限于电脑屏幕、手机屏幕、电视机、电子纸、应急照明灯、光模块等。
下面结合合成实施例来具体说明本申请的有机化合物的合成方法，但是本申请并不因此而受到任何限制。
本申请中未提到的合成方法的化合物的都是通过商业途径获得的原料产品。
合成实施例
IM A-X的合成
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000043
在N 2保护下，向1000mL的三口烧瓶中加入8-苯基-1萘硼酸(100g，0.403mol)、对溴碘苯(103.7g，0.366mol)、碳酸钾(K 2CO 3)(101.3g，0.733mol)、四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)(2.3g，0.007mol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(PPh 3) 4)(4.2g，0.004mol)、甲苯(PhMe)(600mL)、乙醇(EtOH)(200mL)和水(H 2O)(100mL)，在80℃下回流搅拌反应12h，停止反应，待反应溶冷却至室温，用去离子水/甲苯进行萃取，并水洗有机相至中性，加入无水硫酸镁除水，过滤，浓缩滤液后，使用二氯甲烷∶正庚烷(v/v)＝1∶5的淋洗剂过层析柱，得到白色固体IM A-1(117.9g，收率90％)。
参照IM A-1的方法合成表1所列的IM A-X，不同之处在于，使用原料1代替对溴碘苯。其中，使用的主要原料、合成的中间体及其收率如表1所示。
表1
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000044
IM B-Y的合成
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000045
在N 2保护下，将1-金刚烷醇(100g，0.656mol)、溴苯(103.2g，0.656mol)、二氯甲烷(DCM)(800mL)加入圆底烧瓶中，降温至0～5℃，滴加三氟甲磺酸(CF 3SO 3H)(147.8g，0.985mol)，恒温搅拌3h后停止反应，向反应溶液中加入去离子水(600mL)至中性，加入二氯甲烷(100mL)进行萃取，合并有机相，加入无水硫酸镁进行除水，过滤后浓缩，所得粗品用正庚烷淋洗剂过硅胶柱色谱提纯，得到白色固体IM B-1(106.2g，收率55.4％)。
参照IM B-1的方法合成IM B-Y，不同之处在于，使用原料2代替1-金刚烷醇，使用原料3代替溴苯。其中，使用的主要原料、合成的中间体及其收率如表2所示。
表2
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000046
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000047
IM C1-2和IM C2-2的合成
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000048
在N 2保护下，将2,2'-双溴双苯(100g，320mmol)、四氢呋喃(THF)(500mL)在1000mL的三口瓶中搅拌溶清，使反应温度降至-78℃，滴加正丁基锂(2.5M，710mmol)，反应1h后，加入苯基三氯硅烷(130mL，800mmol)，缓慢上升温度至常温，搅拌反应12h，反应停止后，用二氯甲烷和水萃取反应液，水洗有机相至中性，用硫酸钠干燥，用二氯甲烷为淋洗剂过柱，浓缩柱后液，用二氯甲烷∶正庚烷(v/v)＝1∶4进行重结晶，过滤得到IM C1-1(46.8g，收率50％)。
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000049
在N 2保护下，将IM C1-1(46.8g，160mmol)、THF(300mL)于500mL的三口瓶中搅拌溶清，将反应温度降至-78℃，滴加正丁基锂(2.5M，352mmol)，反应1h后，加入3-溴苯胺(55g， 320mmol)，缓慢上升温度至常温，搅拌反应12h，反应停止后，用二氯甲烷和水萃取反应液，水洗有机相至中性，用硫酸钠干燥，用二氯甲烷为淋洗剂过柱，浓缩柱后液，用乙酸乙酯∶正庚烷(v/v)＝1∶10进行重结晶，过滤得到IM C1-2(22.5g，收率41％)。
参照IM C1-2的方法合成IM C2-2，不同之处在于，使用2-溴苯胺代替3-溴苯胺，其中，使用的主要原料、合成的中间体及其收率如表3所示。
表3
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000050
IM C3-2的合成
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000051
在N 2保护下，将9,9-二苯基-9H-9-硅杂芴(27g，80.8mmol)溶于300mL氯仿中，并将混合物置于0℃下充分搅拌，向混合物中滴加溴(12.9g，80.8mmol)，之后逐渐升温至室温，在室温下反应8h后停止反应，加水淬灭，水洗有机相三次后，用硫酸钠干燥，用乙醇进行重结晶，过滤后得到IM C3-1(23.6g，收率71％)。
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000052
在N 2保护下，将IM C3-1(24.8g，60mmol)溶解于100mL的THF中，然后加入Cu(0.2g)，并在110℃下搅拌反应12h，反应结束后，用二氯甲烷和水进行萃取，水洗有机相三次后，用无水硫酸钠干燥，过滤后，用乙酸乙酯∶正庚烷(v/v)＝1∶10为淋洗剂，过硅胶柱，浓缩柱后液，得到IM C3-2(17g，收率81％)。
IM C4-2的合成
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000053
在N 2保护下，将3-氯-2-碘苯胺(25.3g，100mmol)、邻氯苯硼酸(15.6g，100mmol)、碳酸钾(27.6g，200mmol)、TBAB(1.29g，4mmol)、Pd(PPh 3) 4(2.31g，2mmol)、甲苯(150mL)、乙醇(75mL)、水(25mL)加入至500mL的三口瓶中，在80℃下反应12h后，用甲苯和水萃取，水洗有机相至中性，用无水硫酸钠干燥，以甲苯为淋洗剂，过硅胶柱，浓缩柱后液，用二氯甲烷∶正庚烷(v/v)＝1∶5进行重结晶，得到IM C4-1(21.9g，收率91％)。
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000054
在N 2保护下，将IM C4-1(21.9g，92mmol)、THF(160mL)于250mL三口瓶中搅拌溶清，将反应温度降至-78℃，滴加正丁基锂(2.5M，202.4mmol)，反应1h后，加入二苯二氯硅烷(46.6g，184mmol)，缓慢上升温度至常温，搅拌反应12h，反应停止后，用二氯甲烷和水萃取反应液，水洗有机相至中性，用无水硫酸钠干燥，用二氯甲烷为淋洗剂过柱，浓缩柱后液，用乙酸乙酯∶正庚烷(v/v)＝1∶20进行重结晶，过滤后得到IM C4-2(12.4g，收率38.5％)。
IM C-Z的合成
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000055
在N 2保护下，将IM A-1(0.056mol，20g)、IM C1-2(0.056mol，19.57g)、甲苯(160mL)加入250mL的三口圆底烧瓶中，108℃下回流搅拌30min，降温至70～80℃，加入叔丁醇钠(t-BuONa)(0.112mol，10.76g)、2-二环己基磷-2',4',6'-三异丙基联苯(x-Phos)(0.001mol，0.53g)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(Pd 2(dba) 3)(0.0005mol，0.4576g)，待体系温度稳定后，回流反应4h后停止反应，待反应液冷却至室温，加入100mL去离子水，用甲苯/水进行萃取，并水洗有机相至中性，加入无水硫酸镁除水，过滤后浓缩，以二氯甲烷∶正庚烷(v/v)＝1∶4的淋洗剂过硅胶柱，得到白色固体IM C-1(29.9g，收率85％)。
参照IM C-1的方法合成表4所列IM C-Z，不同之处在于，使用原料4代替IM A-1，使用原料5代替IM C1-2。其中，使用的主要原料、合成的中间体及其收率如表4所示。
表4
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000056
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000057
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000058
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000059
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000060
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000061
化合物X的合成
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000062
在N 2的保护下，将IM B-1(8.85g，30.4mmol)、IM C-1(19.08g，30.4mmol)、甲苯(100mL)加入250mL三口圆底烧瓶中，108℃回流搅拌，溶液溶解至澄清，降温至70～80℃，加入叔丁醇钠(4.4g，45.7mmol)、2-双环己基膦-2',6'-二甲氧基联苯(s-Phos)(0.25g，0.61mmol)、Pd 2(dba) 3(0.28g，0.330mmol)，回流反应6h，停止反应，蒋反应温度冷却至室温，用甲苯、去离子水萃取反应液，并水洗至中性后，加入无水硫酸镁除水，用乙酸乙酯∶正庚烷(v/v)＝1∶10作为淋洗剂过柱，浓缩柱后液，用甲苯和正庚烷进行重结晶，过滤得到白色固体化合物2(21.7g，收率85％)；质谱(m/z)＝838.38[M+H] +。
参考化合物2的方法合成表5所示的化合物，不同之处在于，使用原料6代替IM B-1，使用原料7代替IM C-1。其中，使用的主要原料、合成的化合物及其收率、质谱如表5所示。
表5
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000063
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000064
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000065
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000066
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000067
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000068
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000069
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000070
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000071
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000072
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000073
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000074
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000075
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000076
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000077
部分化合物的核磁数据如下：
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000078
器件实施例
实施例1：
蓝色有机电致发光器件
通过以下过程制备有机电致发光器件：将厚度为
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000079
的ITO基板(康宁制造)切割成40mm(长)×40mm(宽)×0.7mm(厚)的尺寸，使用光刻工序，将其制备成具有阴极、阳极以及绝缘层图案的实验基板，利用紫外臭氧以及O 2∶N 2等离子进行表面处理，以增加阳极(实验基板)的功函数的和清除浮渣。
在实验基板(阳极)上真空蒸镀F4-TCNQ形成厚度为
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000080
的空穴注入层(HIL)，并且在空穴注入层上蒸镀NPB，形成厚度为
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000081
的空穴传输层(HTL)。
在空穴传输层上真空蒸镀化合物2，形成厚度为
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000082
的电子阻挡层(EBL)。
在电子阻挡层上，将BH-01和BD-01以98％∶2％的膜厚比进行共同蒸镀，形成厚度为
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000083
的蓝色有机发光层(EML)。
在有机发光层上，将ET-06和LiQ以1∶1的膜厚比进行蒸镀形成
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000084
厚的电子传输层(ETL)，将Yb蒸镀在电子传输层上以形成厚度为
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000085
的电子注入层(EIL)，然后将镁(Mg)和银(Ag)以1∶9的膜厚比真空蒸镀在电子注入层上，形成厚度为
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000086
的阴极。
此外，在上述阴极上蒸镀CP-05形成厚度为
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000087
的有机覆盖层(CPL)，从而完成有机电致发光器件的制造。
实施例2～78
除了在形成电子阻挡层时，采用表7记载的其余化合物代替化合物2以外，使用与实施例1相同的方法制作有机电致发光器件。
比较例1～4
在比较例1～4中，除了在形成电子阻挡层时，分别使用化合物A、化合物B、化合物C、化合物D代替化合物2以外，使用与实施例1相同的方法制作有机电致发光器件。
以上实施例和比较例中，所使用的主要材料的结构如表6所示。
表6
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000088
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000089
实施例和比较例所制备的有机电致发光器件的性能见表7，其中，在20mA/cm 2的条件下分析了器件的性能。
表7
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000090
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000091
Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-000092
根据表7的结果可知，作为电子阻挡层的化合物的实施例1～78与已公知的化合物所对应的器件比较例1～4相比本发明中使用的化合物作为电子阻挡层制备的上述有机电致发光器件的驱动电压至少降低0.17V，发光效率(Cd/A)至少提高了13.36％，外量子效率至少提高了13.42％，寿命最少的提高了6.1％，寿命最高可提高82h。
以上结合附图详细描述了本申请的优选实施方式，但是，本申请并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本申请的技术构思范围内，可以对本申请的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本申请的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合，为了避免不必要的重复，本申请对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本申请的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本申请的思想，其同样应当视为本申请所公开的内容。

Claims (15)

  1. 有机化合物，所述有机化合物的结构如式1所示：
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100001
    式1中，A选自金刚烷基、降冰片基或环己烷基；
    Ar 1选自碳原子数为6～40的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为3～30的取代或未取代的杂芳基；
    Ar 2选自
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100002
    其中X选自C(R 4R 5)、N(R 6)、O、S或Si(R 7R 8)，
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100003
    表示化学键；
    R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7和R 8相同或不同，且各自独立地选自氢、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为6～12的芳基、被碳原子数为1～5的烷基取代的碳原子数为7～17的芳基、碳原子数为3～12的杂芳基；或者，R 4和R 5形成饱和或不饱和的3～15元环；或者，R 7和R 8形成饱和或不饱和的3～15元环；
    R 1、R 2和R 3相同或不同，且各自独立地选自氘、氰基、卤素基团、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为6～12的芳基、碳原子数为3～12的杂芳基、碳原子数为3～12的三烷基硅基；
    n 1表示R 1的个数，n 2表示R 2的个数，n 3表示R 3的个数，n 1和n 2各自独立地选自0、1、2、3或4，n 3选自0、1、2、3、4或5；且当n 1大于1时，任意两个R 1相同或不同；当n 2大于1时，任意两个R 2相同或不同；当n 3大于1时，任意两个R 3相同或不同；
    L 1和L 2相同或者不同，且各自独立地选自单键、碳原子数为6～30的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为3～30的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基；
    L 1、L 2和Ar 1中的取代基相同或者不同，且分别独立地选自氘、氰基、卤素基团、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为6～12的芳基、碳原子数为3～12的杂芳基、碳原子数为3～12的三烷基硅基。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的有机化合物，其中，有机化合物的结构如式1所示：
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100004
    式1中，A选自金刚烷基、降冰片基或环己烷基；
    Ar 1选自碳原子数为6～40的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为3～30的取代或未取代的杂芳基；
    Ar 2选自
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100005
    其中X选自C(R 4R 5)、N(R 6)、O、S或Si(R 7R 8)，
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100006
    表示化学键；
    R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7和R 8相同或不同，且各自独立地选自碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为6～12的芳基、被碳原子数为1～5的烷基取代的碳原子数为7～17的芳基、碳原子数为3～12的杂芳基；或者，R 4和R 5形成饱和或不饱和的3～15元环；或者，R 7和R 8形成饱和或不饱和的3～15元环；
    R 1、R 2和R 3相同或不同，且各自独立地选自氘、氰基、卤素基团、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为6～12的芳基、碳原子数为3～12的杂芳基、碳原子数为3～12的三烷基硅基；
    n 1表示R 1的个数，n 2表示R 2的个数，n 3表示R 3的个数，n 1和n 2各自独立地选自0、1、2、3或4，n 3选自0、1、2、3、4或5；当n 1大于1时，任意两个R 1相同或不同；当n 2大于1时，任意两个R 2相同或不同；当n 3大于1时，任意两个R 3相同或不同；
    L 1和L 2相同或者不同，且各自独立地选自单键、碳原子数为6～30的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为3～30的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基；
    L 1、L 2和Ar 1中的取代基相同或者不同，且分别独立地选自氘、氰基、卤素基团、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、碳原子数为6～12的芳基、碳原子数为3～12的杂芳基、碳原子数为3～12的三烷基硅基。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的有机化合物，其中，Ar 1选自碳原子数为6～25的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为5～20的取代或未取代的杂芳基；
    优选地，Ar 1中的取代基选自氘、氰基、氟、碳原子数为1～5的烷基、三甲基硅基、碳原子数为6～12的芳基、碳原子数为5～12的杂芳基。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的有机化合物，其中，Ar 1选自取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的联苯基、取代或未取代的二苯基呋喃基、取代或未取代的二苯并噻吩基、取代或未取代的芴基、取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的螺芴基、取代或未取代的菲基；
    优选地，Ar 1中的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氰基、氟、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、吡啶基、三甲基硅基。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的有机化合物，其中，L 1和L 2各自独立地选自单键、碳原子数为6～20的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为10～20的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基；
    优选地，L 1和L 2中的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氰基、氟、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、吡啶基、三甲基硅基。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的有机化合物，其中，L 1和L 2各自独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的基团V，未取代的基团V选自如下基团所组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100007
    取代的基团V中具有一个或两个以上的取代基，所述取代基各自独立地选自氘、氰基、氟、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、吡啶基、三甲基硅基；当取代基个数大于1时，各取代基相同或不同。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的有机化合物，其中，R 1、R 2和R 3各自独立地选自氘、氰基、氟、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、吡啶基、三甲基硅基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的有机化合物，其中，R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7和R 8各自独立地选自氢、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、嘧啶基、吡啶基；或者，R 4和R 5形成芴环；或者，R 7和R 8形成芴环；
    优选地，R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7和R 8各自独立地选自甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、嘧啶基、吡啶基；或者，R 4和R 5形成芴环；或者，R 7和R 8形成芴环。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2所述的有机化合物，其中，Ar 2选自取代或未取代的基团W，未取代的基团W选自如下基团所组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100008
    取代的基团W上具有一个或两个以上的取代基，所述取代基各自独立地选自氘、氰基、氟、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、吡啶基、三甲基硅基；当取代基个数大于1时，各取代基相同或不同。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2所述的有机化合物，其中，Ar 2选自如下基团所组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100009
  11. 根据权利要求1或2所述的有机化合物，其中，A选自如下基团所组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100010
  12. 根据权利要求1或2所述的有机化合物，其中，所述有机化合物选自以下化合物：
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100011
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100012
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100013
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100014
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100015
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100016
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100017
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100018
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100019
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100020
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100021
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100022
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100023
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100024
    Figure PCTCN2022084920-appb-100025
  13. 电子元件，其特征在于，包括相对设置的阳极和阴极，以及设于所述阳极和所述阴极之间的功能层；所述功能层包含权利要求1～12中任一项所述的有机化合物。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电子元件，其中，所述功能层包括电子阻挡层，所述电子阻挡层含有所述有机化合物；
    优选地，所述电子元件为有机电致发光器件。
  15. 电子装置，其特征在于，包括权利要求13或14所述的电子元件。
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