WO2021226959A1 - 端盖组件、二次电池、电池组及使用电池的装置 - Google Patents

端盖组件、二次电池、电池组及使用电池的装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021226959A1
WO2021226959A1 PCT/CN2020/090349 CN2020090349W WO2021226959A1 WO 2021226959 A1 WO2021226959 A1 WO 2021226959A1 CN 2020090349 W CN2020090349 W CN 2020090349W WO 2021226959 A1 WO2021226959 A1 WO 2021226959A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cover
limiting
hole
housing
receiving portion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/090349
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈新祥
王鹏
陈元宝
郭志君
郑于炼
梁成都
李伟
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to HUE20824411A priority Critical patent/HUE062733T2/hu
Priority to KR1020227016386A priority patent/KR102541798B1/ko
Priority to CN202080072074.XA priority patent/CN114586224B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/090349 priority patent/WO2021226959A1/zh
Priority to EP23173763.6A priority patent/EP4258463A3/en
Priority to JP2022528207A priority patent/JP7341338B2/ja
Priority to EP20824411.1A priority patent/EP3934012B1/en
Priority to US17/136,786 priority patent/US11114716B1/en
Publication of WO2021226959A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021226959A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H01M50/636—Closing or sealing filling ports, e.g. using lids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H01M50/636—Closing or sealing filling ports, e.g. using lids
    • H01M50/645—Plugs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to an end cap assembly, a secondary battery, a battery pack, and a device using the battery.
  • lithium-ion and other batteries have the advantages of high energy density, high power density, many cycles of use, and long storage time, they have been widely used in electric vehicles.
  • the purpose of this application is to improve the performance of lithium ion batteries.
  • an end cap assembly including:
  • the end cover is provided with a through hole and a receiving portion for injecting electrolyte, the receiving portion is located on the side of the end cover away from the housing and is arranged along the circumference of the through hole;
  • the limiting part when the cover body rotates to the first position, the limiting part is located in the accommodating part to limit the separation of the cover body and the end cover; when the cover body is rotated to the second position, the limiting part and the accommodating part are misaligned along the circumferential direction of the through hole , In order to realize the separation of the cover body and the end cover.
  • the cover further includes a main body for covering at least a part of the sealing element, and the limiting portion is connected to the main body and extends along the radial direction of the through hole.
  • multiple limiting portions are provided, and the multiple limiting portions are provided separately along the circumference of the main body portion.
  • the end cover further includes a guide part communicating with the receiving part, and the limiting part is configured to enter the receiving part through the guide part, or to be separated from the end cover through the guide part.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the receiving portion is C-shaped or V-shaped.
  • the accommodating portion includes a first limiting wall, a second limiting wall disposed opposite to the first limiting wall, and a side wall for connecting the first limiting wall and the second limiting wall.
  • the first limiting wall abuts against the limiting portion to limit the separation of the cover body and the end cover.
  • At least one of the limiting portion, the first limiting wall, and the second limiting wall is provided with an inclined surface configured to guide the limiting portion into the receiving portion.
  • the end cap includes an end cap body and a mounting part.
  • the mounting part is arranged on the surface of the end cap body and is arranged around the through hole.
  • the receiving part is arranged on the mounting part or the receiving part is enclosed by the mounting part and the end cover body. form.
  • the surface of the end cover body away from the housing is provided with a first groove, and the mounting component is fixed in the first groove.
  • the accommodating part is formed on the inner side wall of the mounting part
  • the cover body further includes a main body for covering at least a part of the sealing member, and the main body is located in the opening formed by the mounting part surrounding the through hole.
  • the limiting part is connected to the outer side wall of the main body part and extends along the radial direction of the through hole.
  • the accommodating part is formed on the outer side wall of the mounting part, and the cover body further includes a body part for covering at least part of the sealing member.
  • the body part is sleeved outside the mounting part, and the limiting part is connected to the The inner side wall extends along the radial direction of the through hole.
  • the end cover is also provided with an opening surrounding the through hole, and the opening is located on the side of the through hole away from the housing.
  • the receiving portion is formed on the side wall of the opening.
  • At least part of the sealing element, the main body is located in the opening, and the limiting part is connected to the outer side wall of the main body and extends along the radial direction of the through hole.
  • a stop part is provided in the receiving part, which is configured to limit the maximum rotation stroke of the stop part.
  • the limiting structure includes:
  • the limit opening is provided on one of the limit part and the receiving part;
  • the maximum diameter of the seal is greater than the minimum diameter of the through hole.
  • the sealing element includes a sealing column and a thrust platform connected to one end of the sealing column, the thrust platform is arranged in a radial direction, the sealing column is inserted into the through hole, and the thrust platform abuts against the end cover.
  • the rotation angle of the cover from the first position to the second position is less than degrees.
  • the cover is in contact with the seal, and the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the seal and the cover is smaller than the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the seal and the end cover.
  • At least one of the cover body and the end cover is provided with a convex portion on the surface in contact with the sealing member, and the cover body presses the sealing member to make the sealing member and the convex portion Resist pressure.
  • a housing assembly for a secondary battery including:
  • the side wall of the shell is provided with a through hole for injecting electrolyte and a receiving part, and the receiving part is located on the side of the shell away from the inside of the shell and is arranged along the circumference of the through hole;
  • the limiting part when the cover body rotates to the first position, the limiting part is located in the accommodating part to limit the separation of the cover body and the housing; when the cover body rotates to the second position, the limiting part and the accommodating part are misaligned along the circumferential direction of the through hole, In order to realize the separation of the cover and the shell.
  • a secondary battery including: a casing and the end cap assembly of the above embodiment, the end cap assembly covering the opening of the casing to form a casing assembly of the secondary battery; or
  • the seal disassembly mechanism is further configured to remove the seal from the housing or the cover after the cover is separated from the housing.
  • the element when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, the element may be directly on the other element, or it may be indirectly on the other element with one or More intermediate components.
  • the element when an element is referred to as being “connected to” another element, the element may be directly connected to the other element, or may be indirectly connected to the other element with one or more interposed therebetween.
  • a middle element In the following, the same reference numerals denote the same elements.
  • the coordinate system in Figure 1-D defines the various directions of the battery.
  • the x direction represents the length direction of the secondary battery 400; the y direction is perpendicular to the x direction in the horizontal plane.
  • the z direction is perpendicular to the plane formed by the x and y directions, and represents the height direction of the secondary battery 400.
  • the description of the orientation or positional relationship indicated by “upper”, “lower”, “top”, “bottom”, “front”, “rear”, “inner” and “outer” is adopted. It is only for the convenience of describing the application, rather than indicating or implying that the device referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation on the protection scope of this application.
  • the battery-using device includes a secondary battery 400 for providing electrical energy to the device.
  • the battery-using device may be a vehicle 100, such as a new energy vehicle, which may be a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. Cars or extended-range cars, etc.; or devices that use batteries can also be drones or ships.
  • the secondary battery 400 that can realize secondary injection can reduce the frequency of battery replacement, save cost, and improve the reliability and power performance of the device.
  • the battery module 300 includes a plurality of secondary batteries 400, and the plurality of secondary batteries 400 can be connected in series, parallel, or in series to achieve a larger capacity or power.
  • the secondary battery 400 can be placed vertically, the height direction of the secondary battery 400 is consistent with the vertical direction, and a plurality of secondary batteries 400 are arranged side by side in the width direction; or the secondary battery 400 can be flat.
  • the width direction of the secondary battery 400 is consistent with the vertical direction, and the plurality of secondary batteries 400 may be stacked in at least one layer along the width direction, and each layer includes a plurality of secondary batteries 400 arranged at intervals along the length direction.
  • the electrode assembly includes two tabs 301, namely a positive tab and a negative tab.
  • the positive lug extends from the coating area of the positive plate, and the negative lug extends from the coating area of the negative plate.
  • the secondary battery 400 may include two end cap assemblies 10, which are respectively disposed at two ends of the housing 40, and each end cap assembly 10 is provided with a terminal 5.
  • the sealing member 3 is used to seal the through hole 11, and the cover body 2 is used to cover at least a part of the sealing member 3 to prevent the sealing member 3 from being separated from the end cover 10'.
  • the cover 2 can press the sealing element 3 to deform the sealing element 3 to improve the sealing effect, or only contact with the sealing element 3 to limit its freedom in the height direction; the sealing element 3 is tightly fitted with the through hole 11 and can be independent When the through hole 11 is closed, the cover 2 and the sealing member 3 may be spaced apart in the height direction.
  • the cover 2 can completely cover the sealing member 3, so as to apply pressure to the sealing member 3, limit the position or place external impurities into the battery; when the sealing member 3 fits tightly with the through hole 11 and can independently close the through hole 11, the cover 2 can also partially cover the seal 3.
  • the cover 2 is configured to be rotatable, for example, rotatable in a plane perpendicular to the height direction, and the rotation axis may be the axis of the through hole 11. As shown in FIG. 4A, the cover 2 includes a limiting portion 22, and the limiting portion 22 can extend along a part of the circumference of the through hole 11.
  • the opening and closing of the through hole 11 is realized by the rotation of the cover 2, so that a detachable structure is formed between the cover 2 and the end cover 10'.
  • the cover 2 is opened, the injection structure will not be damaged.
  • the through hole 11 can be reliably sealed, which can ensure the reliability of the battery after the second liquid injection. Therefore, the appearance of the secondary battery 400 remains the same as before the liquid injection, and the use after the second liquid injection is not affected.
  • the through hole 11 is closed directly by rotating the cover 2, there is no need to seal the through hole 11 by laser welding, which reduces the cleaning steps for the through hole 11 before laser welding and improves battery production efficiency.
  • the present application realizes the fitting or disengagement of the restricting portion 22 and the receiving portion 12 through the rotation of the cover body 2.
  • the structure is simple, and the requirement for matching accuracy is low, and it can be used repeatedly; in terms of processing, the restricting portion 22 is provided on the cover body 2.
  • the receiving portion 12 provided on the end cover 10' is easy to process and is suitable for lithium-ion batteries with a small overall size; in terms of assembly and maintenance, the cover body 2 is easy to disassemble and assemble, and the assembly efficiency of the battery can be improved during production.
  • the maintenance time can be shortened in one injection.
  • the cover 2 has multiple limiting supports when in the first position, which can be stably engaged by the receiving portion 12, and reduces the engaging force of the limiting portion 22 to ensure The strength of the stop 22.
  • a plurality of restricting portions 22 can be evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the main body 21, which can make the force distribution of the cover 2 along the entire circumferential direction more balanced, prevent the cover 2 from tilting, and facilitate the smooth replacement of the cover 2 during the second injection.
  • the cover body 2 rotates from the first position to the second position. For the structure in which the cover body 2 presses the seal 3, it can also prevent the stopper 22 from scratching the seal 3 when rotating.
  • the end cap 10' also includes a guide portion 13 which is in communication with the containing portion 12, and the limiting portion 22 is configured to enter the containing portion 12 via the guide portion 13, or to be connected to the end cap 10' via the guide portion 13
  • the guide portion 13 forms a passage for the receiving portion 12 to communicate with the outside of the end cap 10'.
  • multiple accommodating portions 12 are provided along the circumferential direction
  • the guide portion 13 is an opening area formed between adjacent accommodating portions 12.
  • the limiting portion 22 and the accommodating portion 12 are circumferentially misaligned, and Located in the guide 13.
  • only one accommodating portion 12 is provided along the circumferential direction, and the guide portion 13 is an opening area excluding the accommodating portion 12 in the circumferential direction.
  • the accommodating portion 12 includes a first limiting wall 12A, a second limiting wall 12B disposed opposite to the first limiting wall 12A, and a second limiting wall 12B for connecting the first limiting wall 12A and the second limiting wall 12B.
  • the side wall 12C is shown in FIG. 3, the accommodating portion 12 includes a first limiting wall 12A, a second limiting wall 12B disposed opposite to the first limiting wall 12A, and a second limiting wall 12B for connecting the first limiting wall 12A and the second limiting wall 12B.
  • the side wall 12C is shown in FIG. 3, the accommodating portion 12 includes a first limiting wall 12A, a second limiting wall 12B disposed opposite to the first limiting wall 12A, and a second limiting wall 12B for connecting the first limiting wall 12A and the second limiting wall 12B.
  • the side wall 12C is shown in FIG. 3, the accommodating portion 12 includes a first limiting wall 12A, a second limiting wall 12B disposed opposite to the first limiting wall 12
  • the second limiting wall 12B is a bottom wall, and there is a predetermined distance between the second limiting wall 12B and the surface of the end cover 10' close to the housing.
  • the accommodating portion 12 extends along the circumferential direction of the through hole 11, and the cross-sectional shape is C-shaped.
  • the C-shape is only schematically showing the shape of the accommodating portion 12.
  • the wall 12B and the side wall 12C may be flat or curved.
  • This type of receiving portion 12 has a higher engagement strength when it is mated with the limiting portion 22.
  • the contact area between the first limiting wall 12A and the limiting portion 22 can be increased, thereby improving the stability of the engagement, and It can also increase the friction between the first limiting wall 12A and the limiting portion 22, and increase the difficulty of the cover body 2 in the engaged state relative to the end cover 10' to rotate in the circumferential direction.
  • the limiting structure includes: a limiting opening 221 and a first protrusion 121.
  • the limiting opening 221 is provided on one of the limiting portion 22 and the receiving portion 12, for example, the limiting opening 221 may be a hole or a slot, etc.; the first protrusion 121 is engaged with the limiting opening 221, and is provided On the other of the limiting portion 22 and the receiving portion 12.
  • the cover 2 is in the first position, under the elastic action of the seal 3, the limiting opening 221 and the first protrusion 121 are clamped, so that the limiting portion 22 and the receiving portion 12 will not be subjected to vibrations or impacts. Wait for external force to rotate and loosen; or, the cover 2 can be clamped by the interference fit of the limiting opening 221 and the first protrusion 121.
  • the rotation angle of the cover 2 from the first position to the second position is less than 180 degrees.
  • This type of arrangement enables the cover body 2 to rotate at a smaller angle and engage with the accommodating portion 12, which improves the convenience and efficiency of assembly.
  • the rotation angle of the cover 2 from the first position to the second position can also be equal to or greater than 180 degrees.
  • the cover 2 is in contact with the sealing member 3.
  • the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the sealing member 3 and the cover 2 is smaller than the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the sealing member 3 and the end cover 10'. In this way, when the cover 2 is rotated, the rotational friction of the cover 2 is small, which is easy to assemble, and can reduce the wear of the seal 3.
  • lubricating oil can be applied between the sealing element 3 and the cover 2 or other means such as spacers with low friction can be provided.
  • the main body 21 of the cover 2 is provided with a clamping portion 211, which is configured to receive an external operation to drive the cover 2 to rotate.
  • a clamping portion 211 By providing the clamping portion 211, it is convenient to rotate the cover body 2 through the cooperation of the tooling and the clamping portion 211, it is convenient to apply external force when the cover body 2 is disassembled and assembled, and it is easy to control the rotation angle of the cover body 2.
  • the structure forms that the clamping portion 211 can adopt will be given below, and the following specific structures can be set individually or combined arbitrarily.
  • the clamping portion 211 includes a plurality of holes 211A provided on the main body portion 21, and the plurality of holes 211A may be located near the outer periphery of the main body portion 21, for example, three holes 211A are provided.
  • the end cap 10' is designed as a split structure. Since the end cap body 1 is a thin plate structure, it is difficult to process a complicated structure. By providing the mounting part 4, it is easy to form the receiving portion 12, which can reduce the processing difficulty of the end cap body 1.
  • the accommodating portion 12 is formed by enclosing the mounting member 4 and the end cap main body 1.
  • the mounting component 4 includes a mounting ring 41 and a stopper 42.
  • the stopper 42 is connected to the inner wall of the mounting ring 41 and extends radially inward.
  • the mounting ring 41 is fixed on the end cover body 1.
  • a accommodating portion 12 is formed between the limiting platform 42 and the end cover main body 1, and the bottom surface of the limiting platform 42 serves as a first limiting wall 12A.
  • This structure can reduce the height of the mounting part 4 relative to the end cover main body 1, so as to reduce the height of the liquid injection member protruding from the end cover main body 1, thereby reducing the overall height of the battery.
  • the secondary battery 400 is applied to the battery pack, due to the reduction in the height of the mounting component 4, it is convenient to install other components above the end cover assembly 10, for example, to obtain Secondary battery 400 signal detection circuit.
  • the mounting component 4 can be fixed in the first groove 15 in a variety of ways. For example, tight fit, bonding, fastener installation or welding, etc.
  • the side surface of the mounting part 4 and the first groove 15 is tapered, and the radial dimension of the open end of the first groove 15 is larger than the radial dimension of the bottom of the first groove 15.
  • the mating surface of the groove 15 is welded by laser.
  • the receiving portion 12 is formed on the inner side wall of the mounting member 4.
  • the cover 2 further includes a main body 21 for covering at least a part of the sealing member 3, and the main body 21 is located in the mounting member 4 and is formed around the through hole 11.
  • the opening 14 communicates with the accommodating portion 12, and the limiting portion 22 is connected to the outer side wall of the main body 21 and extends along the radial direction of the through hole 11.
  • the cover body 2 is placed in the opening 14, which is beneficial to reduce the height of the liquid injection member protruding from the end cover body 1, and not only can reduce the collision of the liquid injection member and other parts of the secondary battery 400 during installation or use.
  • the secondary battery 400 when the secondary battery 400 is applied to the battery pack 200, it is also convenient to install other components above the end cap assembly 10, such as a detection circuit for obtaining a signal of the secondary battery 400.
  • the mounting component 4 includes a mounting ring 41 and a stopper 42.
  • the stopper 42 is connected to the inner wall of the mounting ring 41.
  • the stopper 42 can be provided on the mounting ring 41 away from the through hole. One end of 11 so as to leave a space for forming the receiving portion 12 in the height direction.
  • the limiting platform 42 is flush with the surface of the mounting ring 41 away from the through hole 11 to maximize the height of the receiving portion 12, and accordingly the thickness of the limiting portion 22 can be increased, thereby improving the engagement between the limiting portion 22 and the receiving portion 12 strength.
  • the inner area enclosed by the plurality of limit stands 42 in the mounting component 4 forms an opening 14, the main body 21 is located in the opening 14, and the opening 14 communicates with the receiving portion 12.
  • the mounting part 4 is arranged in the first groove 15, the bottom wall of the limit platform 42, the side wall of the mounting ring 41 and the bottom wall of the first groove 15 are enclosed to form the receiving portion 12, thereby limiting the position
  • the bottom wall of the table 42 serves as the first limiting wall 12A
  • the bottom wall of the first groove 15 serves as the second limiting wall 12B
  • the side wall of the mounting ring 41 serves as the side wall 12C.
  • the limiting platform 42 can extend radially inward from the inner side wall of the mounting ring 41, and the limiting platform 42 extends in the circumferential direction.
  • the mounting ring 41 is provided with a plurality of limit stations 42 at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the plurality of limit stations 42 can be evenly distributed.
  • a guide part 13 is formed between adjacent limit stations 42, and the guide part 13 communicates with the receiving part 12.
  • the limit part 22 can be rotated from the guide part 13 to the central area of the limit station 42 in the circumferential direction by rotating the limit part 22 by 90°.
  • the central area along the circumferential direction is used as the first position, which can reduce the possibility of misalignment between the limiting portion 22 and the receiving portion 12 when subjected to external forces such as vibration or impact.
  • At least one of the limiting portion 22, the first limiting wall 12A, and the second limiting wall 12B is provided with an inclined surface 123 configured to guide the limiting portion 22 into the receiving portion 12.
  • the limiting portion 22 is provided with an inclined surface 123 configured to guide the limiting portion 22 into the receiving portion 12.
  • the inclined surface 123 is provided on the limiting portion 22 for easy processing.
  • the inclined surface 123 is provided on the side wall of the limiting portion 22 in the circumferential direction, and the inclined surface 123 is configured to gradually reduce the thickness of the side portion of the limiting portion 22 in the circumferential direction from the inside to the outside.
  • the inclined surface 123 may be provided on one side or both sides of the inclined surface 123.
  • the inclined surface 123 may be a flat surface, a curved surface, or the like.
  • a plurality of limiting portions 22 are connected to the outer side wall of the main body 21 at intervals along the circumferential direction. Extend radially outward. Both sides of the limiting portion 22 in the circumferential direction are provided with inclined surfaces 123 so that the limiting portion 22 can enter the receiving portion 12 more smoothly.
  • the sealing member 3 includes a sealing column 31 and a thrust platform 32 connected to one end of the sealing column 31.
  • the sealing column 31 is inserted into the through hole 11, and the thrust platform 32 is arranged in the radial direction and abuts against the end cover 10'.
  • the sealing member 3 is made of a highly elastic material resistant to electrolyte, such as rubber or other elastic plastics.
  • This structure can reduce the overall height of the secondary battery 400, increase the energy density, and reduce the possibility of the secondary battery 400 colliding with other components during installation or use.
  • the secondary battery 400 is used in batteries. In the case of the group 200, it is convenient to install other components above the end cap assembly 10, such as a detection circuit for obtaining a signal of the secondary battery 400.
  • the height of the containing portion 12 is greater than that of the restricting portion 22.
  • the top surface of the restricting portion 22 will contact the first restricting wall 12A under the elastic force of the seal 3, but the bottom surface of the restricting portion 22 and the second restricting wall There is a gap between 12B. Therefore, in order that the top surface of the cover 2 does not exceed the top surface of the mounting part 4, the height of the cover 2 is smaller than the height of the mounting part 4.
  • the assembling process of the secondary battery 400 where the end cap assembly 10-1 is located is as follows: first, the mounting part 4 is placed in the first groove 15 and soldered; then, electrolyte is injected from the through hole 11, and the installation is completed after the injection is completed Seal 3; then, the cover 2 is placed on the end cap 10', the cover 2 covers at least part of the seal 3, wherein the cover 2 is placed in the second position of the limiting portion 22 and the receiving portion 12 circumferentially displaced ; Finally, use a special tool to clamp the three holes 211A, and apply a downward force to make a gap between the limit portion 22 and the first limit wall 12A, rotate 90° to make the cover 2 from the second position to the first position , The limiting portion 22 is allowed to enter the accommodating portion 12 to restrict the separation of the cover 2 from the housing. After being rotated into position, the cover 2 is released, and the cover 2 abuts the first limiting wall 12A under the elastic force of the sealing member 3.
  • Fig. 7 is a modification of the cover body 2 in the end cover assembly 10-1.
  • the clamping portion 211 includes a polygonal groove 211B provided in the central area of the main body portion 21, which can be triangular, rectangular, pentagonal, or hexagonal grooves.
  • FIG. 9 are modified examples of the mounting member 4 of the first embodiment.
  • a stopper 122 is provided in the receiving portion 12 and is configured to limit the maximum rotation stroke of the stopper 22.
  • Each receiving portion 12 can be provided with a stop portion 122.
  • the stopping portion 122 can block the rotation of the limiting portion 22 and prevent the limiting portion 22 from being directly screwed out of the accommodating portion 12.
  • the side surface of the stop portion 22 in the circumferential direction is completely attached to the stop portion 122.
  • the main body 21 is evenly provided with two limiting portions 22 along the circumferential direction, and both side surfaces of the limiting portion 22 along the circumferential direction are parallel to the center plane of the cover 2.
  • the stopping portions of the two receiving portions 12 The 122 is centrally symmetric with respect to the central plane of the through hole 11, and the two stop portions 122 are parallel to each other.
  • the side surface of the limiting portion 22 in the circumferential direction and the stopping portion 122 may also partially abut against each other.
  • the bottom of the mounting member 4 may be provided with a second recess 44, for example, the second recess 44 may be provided in the installation The bottom of the ring 41.
  • the position where the bottom wall and the side wall of the first groove 15 are connected is provided with a second protruding portion 151.
  • the second protruding portion 151 cooperates with the second recessed portion 44 to restrict the installation of components. 4 rotates circumferentially relative to the first groove 15.
  • 10A-10C are examples of the shape modification of the accommodating portion 12 in the first embodiment.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the receiving portion 12 is also C-shaped.
  • the inner wall of the receiving portion 12 is provided with a first concave portion 124 extending in the circumferential direction
  • the limiting portion 22 includes a limiting platform 42 and a third recessed portion 124 arranged on the limiting platform 42 and extending in the circumferential direction.
  • the first concave portion 124 may be provided on at least one of the first limiting wall 12A, the second limiting wall 12B, and the side wall 12C. As shown in FIG. 10A, the first concave portion 124 is provided on the first limiting wall 12A, and correspondingly, the third protruding portion 223 is provided on the top surface of the limiting platform 42. In addition, the first concave portion 124 is provided on the second limiting wall 12B, and the third convex portion 223 is provided on the bottom surface of the limiting platform 42; the first concave portion 124 is provided on the side wall 12C, and the third convex portion 223 is provided on the side wall 12C. The protruding portion 223 is provided on the side surface of the limiting platform 42.
  • the accommodating portion 12 is provided on the mounting member 4, and the accommodating portion 12 is provided on the inner wall of the mounting member 4 and extends along the circumferential direction of the mounting member 4.
  • the cross section of the mounting part 4 is an I-shape.
  • the accommodating part 12 is arranged on the mounting part 4 to leave ample space for the sealing element 3, and the sealing effect can be optimized by increasing the thickness of the sealing element 3, and the service life of the sealing element 3 can be improved.
  • the receiving portion 12 extends along the circumferential direction of the through hole 11, and has a V-shaped cross-sectional shape.
  • the direction of the V-shaped opening is not limited, such as upward, downward, leftward, It can be directed to the right or in an oblique direction.
  • the cross section of the limiting portion 22 is also V-shaped.
  • 11 to 14B are schematic structural diagrams of the end cap assembly 10-2 according to the second embodiment of the application.
  • the difference from the end cap assembly 10-1 mainly lies in the specific structure of the mounting component 4.
  • the mounting ring 41 includes a ring body 41A and a connecting portion 41B.
  • the ring body 41A is installed in the first groove 15, and the connecting portion 41B is connected to the inner wall of the ring body 41A and faces away from the ring body 41A.
  • the direction of the cover body 1 extends.
  • the connecting portion 41B is arranged vertically or obliquely with respect to the ring body 41A.
  • a plurality of connecting portions 41B may be provided on the ring body 41A at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the plurality of connecting portions 41B may be arranged at even intervals.
  • the limit stand 42 is connected to an end of the connecting portion 41B away from the ring body 41A and extends radially inward.
  • An L-shaped structure is formed between the connecting portion 41B and the limiting platform 42, a guiding portion 13 is formed between adjacent L-shaped structures, and an opening 14 is formed in an area enclosed by a plurality of limiting platforms 42.
  • the cover 2 since the adjacent connecting portions 41B are not closed, the cover 2 is in the second position so that the limiting portion 22 is located in the guiding portion 13. At this time, the limiting portion 22 is exposed between the adjacent connecting portions 41B and is removed.
  • the alignment of the limiting portion 22 and the receiving portion 12 can be conveniently observed, so that the limiting portion 22 can enter the receiving portion 12 more easily.
  • the limiting opening 221 is provided on the first limiting wall 12A of the accommodating portion 12, and the limiting opening 221 is an arc-shaped slot extending in the radial direction of the cover 2.
  • both sides of the limiting portion 22 along the circumferential direction are provided with arc-shaped inclined surfaces 123, and the two inclined surfaces 123 are tangent to make the top surface of the limiting portion 22 form an integral arc surface, which serves as a first convex surface. ⁇ 121.
  • the cover 2 When the cover 2 is in the first position, the top of the limiting portion 22 is partially embedded in the limiting opening 221 to restrict the rotation of the cover 2.
  • the cover 2 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise, so that the limiting portion 22 can enter the receiving portion 12 more smoothly.
  • the clamping portion 211 is a cross groove 211C provided in the central area of the main body 21.
  • the sealing member 3 includes a spacer 8 provided on the surface facing the cover 2.
  • the spacer 8 covers at least part of the surface of the thrust table 32.
  • the spacer 8 may be an aluminum sheet or a tetrafluoroplastic sheet.
  • the spacer 8 can be fixed on the thrust platform 32 by pasting or fasteners.
  • the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the spacer 8 and the cover 2 is smaller than the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the seal 3 and the end cover 10'.
  • the spacer 8 can also be directly placed on the thrust platform 32, and the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the spacer 8 and the thrust platform 32 is greater than the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the spacer 8 and the cover 2.
  • the top of the end cover body 1 is provided with a fourth groove 17, and the thrust platform 32 is located in the fourth groove 17.
  • an end of the thrust platform 32 close to the sealing column 21 is provided with a second chamfer 321, so that the thrust portion 32 can enter the fourth groove 17 more smoothly when the seal 3 is installed.
  • FIGs 15 to 18B show schematic structural diagrams of the end cap assembly 10-3 of the third embodiment of the present application.
  • the cover 2 is also placed in the opening 14.
  • the difference from the end cover assemblies 10-1 and 10-2 is that the receiving part 12 is directly provided on the end cover 10'.
  • the end cover 10' is also provided with an opening 14 surrounding the through hole 11, and the opening 14 is located on the side of the through hole 11 away from the housing 50, and the receiving portion 12 is formed on the side wall of the opening 14.
  • the cover 2 also includes a main body 21 for covering at least a part of the sealing member 3, and the main body 21 is located in the opening 14. To extend.
  • the accommodating portion 12 of this embodiment can be directly opened on the end cover 10', without the need to separately provide the mounting part 4, and the process of fixing the mounting part 4 to the end cover body 1 in the above-mentioned embodiment can be omitted.
  • the overall strength of the end cover 10' is higher, and the position of the receiving portion 12 will not change, which can reduce the risk of the cover 2 falling out of the receiving portion 12 during the use of the secondary battery 400.
  • the end cover 10' is provided with a third groove 16 on the surface away from the housing 40, the third groove 16 is located above the receiving portion 12, and the radial dimension of the third groove 16 is larger than the diameter of the opening 14.
  • the cover 2 further includes an extension portion 23, which is connected to an end of the main body 21 away from the limiting portion 22 and extends along the entire circumference of the main body 21.
  • the extension part 23 cooperates with the third groove 16 to realize the sealing of the receiving part 12, prevent external impurities from falling between the cover body 2 and the end cover 10', and further improve the reliability of the battery operation.
  • the cover body 2 is sleeved outside the mounting part 4, which is convenient for the operator to directly apply external force to the cover body 2 to make it rotate. It is easy to operate, no special tooling is required, and the assembly efficiency can be improved, and it is convenient for the second injection maintain. Moreover, since the cover 2 is sleeved outside the mounting part 4, the mounting part 4 generally needs to protrude from the surface of the end cover main body 1.
  • the accommodating portion 12 is opened on the side wall of the mounting part 4, on the one hand, the end cover main body 1 can be improved. On the other hand, it is beneficial to reduce the thickness of the end cap body 1.
  • the end cover body 1 is provided with a first groove 15, and the bottom wall of the first groove 15 is provided with a through hole 11.
  • the mounting component 4 further includes a base 43 connected to the bottom of the mounting ring 41, and the base 43 is located in the first groove 15.
  • the seat 43 and the first groove 15 can be fixed by tight fitting, bonding, welding or fastener connection.
  • the top surface of the base 43 may not be higher than the first groove 15.
  • a plurality of receiving portions 12 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the through hole 11, and the limiting opening 221 is provided at one end of the receiving portion 12 away from the guiding portion 13.
  • the sealing member 3 includes a sealing sheet 33 which can be attached to the inner bottom surface of the cover 2.
  • the assembling process of the secondary battery 400 where the end cap assembly 10-4 is located is as follows: first, the mounting part 4 is placed in the first groove 15 and welded; then, electrolyte is injected from the through hole 11; The sheet 33 is attached to the inner bottom of the cover 2; finally, the cover 2 is sleeved outside the mounting part 4.
  • the limit part 22 enters through the guide part 13 and reaches the limit part 22
  • a downward force is applied to the cover body 2
  • the cover body 2 is rotated to move the limiting portion 22 in the accommodating portion 12, and the cover body 2 is released after the limiting portion 22 reaches the limiting opening 221.
  • the body 2 abuts against the top wall of the limiting opening 221 under the elastic force of the sealing member 3 to restrict the cover 2 from rotating in the circumferential direction, and the assembly is now completed.
  • Fig. 22 shows a modified embodiment of the receiving portion 12 in the fourth embodiment.
  • the difference between FIG. 22 and FIG. 20 is that a plurality of receiving portions 12 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the through hole 11 and pass through in the circumferential direction, and the guide portion 13 communicates with the penetration area of the adjacent receiving portion 12.
  • a limiting opening 221 may also be provided on the first limiting wall 12A of the accommodating portion 12, and the limiting opening 221 is recessed inward with respect to the first limiting wall 12A.
  • the limiting portion 22 serves as the first protrusion 121 and is configured to be inserted into the limiting opening 221 when the cover 2 is in the first position.
  • the receiving portion 12 extends along the entire circumference of the through hole 11, and the limiting opening 221 is located between the adjacent guide portions 13.
  • the mounting component 4 includes a mounting ring 41 and a limiting platform 42.
  • a plurality of limiting platforms 42 are provided on the outer side wall of the mounting ring 41 at intervals along the circumferential direction.
  • the limiting platforms 42 extend radially outward, for example, the receiving portion 12 There are multiple evenly spaced in the circumferential direction, which can be two, three, etc.
  • the end cover body 1 may be provided with mounting holes, the mounting ring 41 is inserted into the mounting hole for fixing, and the inner hole of the mounting ring 41 forms a through hole 11.
  • the limiting platform 42 and the end cap body 1 jointly form the receiving portion 12, the bottom wall of the limiting platform 42 serves as the first limiting wall 12A, the top surface of the end cap body 1 serves as the second limiting wall 12B, and the outer side of the mounting ring 41 The wall serves as the side wall 12C.
  • the cover 2 includes a ring-shaped main body 21 and a limiting portion 22.
  • the top of the main body 21 can be closed or provided with an opening.
  • the limiting portion 22 is provided on the inner side wall of the main body 21 and extends radially inwardly.
  • the position portion 22 may be provided at the bottom of the main body portion 21 to reduce the height of the cover body 2 relative to the end cover body 1, and there is a preset interval between the position limit portion 22 and the inner bottom surface of the cover body 2.
  • the seal 3 can be a sealing ring 34, or a sealing sheet 33 or a sealing nail.
  • a fourth groove 17 is provided on the top of the mounting part 4, and the sealing element 3 is provided in the fourth groove 17.
  • the cover 2 is sleeved outside the mounting part 4.
  • the restricting portion 22 is allowed to enter through the guide portion 13, and the restricting portion 22 reaches the housing
  • a downward force is applied to the cover body 2
  • the cover body 2 is rotated to make the limit part 22 move in the receiving part 12.
  • the limit part 22 reaches the limit opening 221
  • the cover body 2 is released. 2 Under the elastic force of the sealing member 3, it abuts against the top wall of the limit opening 221 to restrict the cover 2 from rotating in the circumferential direction, and the assembly is now completed.
  • the present application also provides a housing assembly 410 for a secondary battery.
  • the housing assembly 410 includes: a housing 410 ', the seal 3 and the cover 2.
  • the casing 410' includes a casing 40 and an end cover 10' connected to the casing 40, and the end cover 10' closes the open end of the casing 40.
  • the side wall of the housing 410' is provided with a through hole 11 for injecting electrolyte and a receiving portion 12, and the receiving portion 12 is located on the side of the housing 410' away from the inside of the housing 410' and arranged along the circumference of the through hole 11; the sealing member 3 Used to seal the through hole 11.
  • the cover 2 is used to cover at least a part of the sealing element 3, and the cover 2 is configured to be rotatable and includes a limiting portion 22.
  • the limiting portion 22 is located in the accommodating portion 12 to limit the separation of the cover 2 and the housing 410'; when the cover 2 is rotated to the second position, the limiting portion 22 and the accommodating portion
  • the portion 12 is displaced along the circumferential direction of the through hole 11 to realize the separation of the cover 2 and the housing 410'.
  • the through hole 11 can be provided on any wall surface of the housing 410', for example, on the end cover 10', or on the wall surface of the housing 410' except for the end cover 10', so that the through hole The setting position of 11 is more flexible.
  • an end cover is also provided. Temperature structure, the remaining area on the end cover assembly 10 is small. If the through hole 11 is provided on the other surface of the housing 410', it is allowed to increase the size of the liquid injection member to further improve the structural strength and improve the sealing under a vibrating working environment. The reliability of the electrolyte, and there is a large operating space when disassembling and assembling the injection components.
  • the through hole 11 is provided in the housing 410' and the upper wall adjacent to the end cap 10', so that the secondary battery 400 can be stably placed with the end cap 10' facing upward.
  • the through hole 11 is provided on the wall surface adjacent to the largest side of the housing 410', so that when the battery module 300 is formed by laying a plurality of secondary batteries 400 in a flat or standing manner, the adjacent secondary batteries can still be maintained.
  • the largest side contact of 400 makes the structure of the battery module 300 more stable and can reduce the volume.
  • the liquid injection member shown in FIG. 28 can be selected from any of the embodiments described in the cover assembly 10 section.
  • the housing assembly 410 of this embodiment can flexibly and conveniently realize the repeated disassembly and assembly of the liquid injection member, so that when the electrolyte is insufficient or the electrolyte performance is reduced, the liquid injection member can be easily removed for secondary injection, and the gas in the battery can be discharged.
  • the liquid injection hole can be reliably closed after the secondary liquid injection is completed, which can ensure the reliability of the battery after the secondary liquid injection, and also keep the appearance of the battery consistent with that before the liquid injection.
  • Step S101 Inject electrolyte through the through hole 11 on the casing 410' of the secondary battery 400;
  • Step S103 Rotate the cover 2 from the second position to the first position, so that the limiting portion 22 enters the containing portion 12 to restrict the separation of the cover 2 from the housing 410'.
  • the liquid injection method further includes:
  • Step S102A Install the sealing member 3 on the housing 410' or the cover 2.
  • the sealing element 3 is installed on the housing 410' or the cover 2, which can directly cover the sealing element 3 after the cover 2 is installed, or generate a pressing force on the sealing element 3 to better affect the through hole 11.
  • the sealing effect For example, for the end cap assemblies 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, and 10-5, the seal 3 can be installed on the end cap 10'; for the end cap assembly 10-4, the seal 3 includes a sealing sheet 33
  • the cover 2 has a cap structure, and the sealing sheet 33 is attached to the inner bottom surface of the cover 2 in advance.
  • the liquid injection method of the present application further includes:
  • Step S104 Rotate the cover body 2 from the first position to the second position, so that the limiting portion 22 and the receiving portion 12 are misaligned in the circumferential direction of the through hole 11;
  • Step S105 Separate the cover 2 from the housing 410' to further inject electrolyte.
  • the liquid injection method can flexibly and conveniently realize the repeated disassembly and assembly of the liquid injection component, and can reliably close the liquid injection hole after the secondary injection is completed, which can ensure the reliability of the battery after the secondary injection, and also Keep the appearance of the battery consistent with that before the liquid injection; moreover, the maintenance time can be shortened during the second liquid injection, and the battery can be refilled in time when the battery performance declines to ensure the working performance of the battery.
  • the liquid injection method further includes:
  • Step S106 Remove the sealing member 3 from the housing 410' or the cover 2.
  • the electrolyte in the housing 410' can be conveniently poured out, so as to prevent the electrolyte from flowing onto the sealing member 3, so that the sealing member 3 Keep it clean and increase service life.
  • this application also provides a liquid injection device 500 for injecting liquid into the secondary battery 400, which can be used to implement the above-mentioned liquid injection method.
  • a liquid injection mechanism 501 configured to inject electrolyte into the housing through a through hole 11 provided on the housing 410'
  • a cover disassembly mechanism 502 which is configured In order to place the cover 2 on the housing 410' in the second position, the cover 2 is rotated from the second position to the first position, so that the limiting portion 22 of the cover 2 enters the housing 410' away from a part of the housing 410'. Inside the accommodating portion 12 on the side, the cover 2 is restricted from separating from the housing 410 ′; wherein, in the second position, the limiting portion 22 and the accommodating portion 12 are misaligned along the circumferential direction of the through hole 11.
  • the present application not only avoids the welding process, but also avoids multiple processes such as cleaning the welding slag caused by welding and drying the cleaning residual liquid.
  • the device can produce batteries simply and efficiently, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the batteries.
  • the liquid injection device 500 further includes a seal disassembly and assembly mechanism 503 configured to install the seal 3 on the housing 410' or the cover 2 or remove the seal 3 from the housing 410' or the cover 2. Remove from body 2.
  • This embodiment can conveniently realize the disassembly and assembly of the sealing member 3 during the battery assembly and the secondary injection process, thereby improving the disassembly and assembly efficiency, reducing pollution to the sealing member 3, and improving the service life of the sealing member 3.
  • the cover disassembly and assembly mechanism 502 is further configured to rotate the cover 2 from the first position to the second position, so that the limiting portion 22 and the receiving portion 12 are displaced along the circumferential direction of the through hole 11, so that the cover The body 2 is separated from the housing 410'.
  • the device can flexibly and conveniently assist in the disassembly and assembly of the cover 2 during the battery production and assembly and the secondary injection process, and the operation is simple, so that the assembly efficiency of the battery is improved, and the maintenance required for the secondary injection of the battery is shortened Time allows the battery to be refilled in time when its performance declines to ensure the battery’s working performance.
  • the sealing member disassembling mechanism 503 is further configured to remove the sealing member 3 from the housing or the cover 2 after the cover 2 is separated from the housing 410'.
  • This embodiment can easily remove the sealing element 3 from the housing 410' or the cover 2 so as to conveniently pour out the electrolyte in the housing 410', so as to prevent the electrolyte from flowing onto the sealing element 3, which can seal Part 3 is kept clean to increase the service life.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling, Topping-Up Batteries (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及一种电池端盖组件、二次电池、电池组及使用电池的装置，其中，端盖组件(10)用于二次电池，包括：端盖(10')，设有用于注入电解液的通孔(11)和容纳部(12)，容纳部(12)位于端盖(10')远离壳体(40)的一侧且沿通孔(11)的周向设置；密封件(3)，用于密封通孔(11)；以及盖体(2)，用于覆盖至少部分密封件(3)，盖体(2)被配置为可旋转的，且包括限位部(22)；其中，在盖体(2)旋转至第一位置时，限位部(22)位于容纳部(12)内以限制盖体(2)与端盖(10')分离；在盖体(2)旋转至第二位置时，限位部(22)与容纳部(12)沿通孔(11)的周向错位，以实现盖体(2)与端盖(10')的分离。

Description

端盖组件、二次电池、电池组及使用电池的装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种端盖组件、二次电池、电池组及使用电池的装置。
背景技术
由于锂离子等电池具有能量密度高、功率密度高、循环使用次数多、存储时间长等优点，在电动汽车上面已普遍应用。
但是，延长电动汽车的电池使用寿命，一直是业内的一个难题。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提高性能改进的锂离子电池。
根据本申请的第一方面，提供了一种端盖组件，包括：
端盖，设有用于注入电解液的通孔和容纳部，容纳部位于端盖远离壳体的一侧且沿通孔的周向设置；
密封件，用于密封通孔；以及
盖体，用于覆盖至少部分密封件，盖体被配置为可旋转的，且包括限位部；
其中，在盖体旋转至第一位置时，限位部位于容纳部内以限制盖体与端盖分离；在盖体旋转至第二位置时，限位部与容纳部沿通孔的周向错位，以实现盖体与端盖的分离。
在一些实施例中，盖体还包括主体部，用于覆盖至少部分密封件，且限位部连接于主体部并沿通孔的径向延伸。
在一些实施例中，限位部设置有多个，多个限位部沿主体部的周向分隔设置。
在一些实施例中，端盖还包括引导部，与容纳部连通，且限位部被配置为经引导部进入容纳部，或者经引导部与端盖分离。
在一些实施例中，容纳部截面形状为C形或V形。
在一些实施例中，容纳部包括第一限位壁、与第一限位壁相对设置的第二限位壁以及用于连接第一限位壁与第二限位壁的侧壁。
在一些实施例中，在盖体旋转至第一位置时，第一限位壁与限位部相抵，以限制 盖体与端盖分离。
在一些实施例中，限位部、第一限位壁和第二限位壁的至少一个设有斜面，被配置为引导限位部进入容纳部。
在一些实施例中，端盖包括端盖主体和安装部件，安装部件设置于端盖主体的表面，且环绕通孔设置，容纳部设置于安装部件或容纳部由安装部件与端盖主体围合形成。
在一些实施例中，端盖主体远离壳体的表面设有第一凹槽，安装部件固定于第一凹槽内。
在一些实施例中，容纳部形成于安装部件的内侧壁上，盖体还包括主体部，用于覆盖至少部分密封件，且主体部位于安装部件环绕通孔形成的开口中，开口与容纳部连通，限位部连接于在主体部的外侧壁上并沿通孔的径向延伸。
在一些实施例中，容纳部形成于安装部件的外侧壁上，盖体还包括主体部，用于覆盖至少部分密封件，主体部套设在安装部件外，限位部连接于在主体部的内侧壁上并沿通孔的径向延伸。
在一些实施例中，端盖上还设有环绕通孔的开口，且开口位于通孔远离壳体的一侧，容纳部形成于开口的侧壁上，盖体还包括主体部，用于覆盖至少部分密封件，且主体部位于开口中，限位部连接于在主体部的外侧壁上并沿通孔的径向延伸。
在一些实施例中，容纳部内设有止挡部，被配置为限制限位部的最大旋转行程。
在一些实施例中，限位部与容纳部之间设有限位结构，被配置为限制盖体处于第一位置时与容纳部错位分离。
在一些实施例中，限位结构包括：
限位开口，设在限位部和容纳部的其中一个上；和
凸出部，与限位开口卡合，设在限位部和容纳部的另一个上。
在一些实施例中，沿通孔轴向的投影，密封件的最大直径大于通孔的最小直径。
在一些实施例中，密封件包括密封柱和连接在密封柱一端的止推台，止推台沿径向设置，密封柱插入通孔内，止推台抵靠在端盖上。
在一些实施例中，从第一位置旋转至第二位置盖体旋转角度小于度。
在一些实施例中，盖体与密封件接触，密封件与盖体接触表面的摩擦系数小于密封件与端盖接触表面的摩擦系数。
在一些实施例中，在通孔的轴向上，盖体和端盖中的至少一个与密封件接触的面 上设有凸起部，盖体抵压密封件以使密封件与凸起部抵压。
根据本申请的第二方面，提供了一种外壳组件，用于二次电池，包括：
外壳，外壳的侧壁上设有用于注入电解液的通孔以及容纳部，容纳部位于外壳远离外壳内部的一侧且沿通孔的周向设置；
密封件，用于密封通孔；
盖体，用于覆盖至少部分密封件，盖体被配置为可旋转的，且包括限位部；
其中，在盖体旋转至第一位置时，限位部位于容纳部内以限制盖体与外壳分离；在盖体旋转至第二位置时，限位部与容纳部沿通孔的周向错位，以实现盖体与外壳的分离。
根据本申请的第三方面，提供了一种二次电池，包括：壳体和上述实施例的端盖组件，端盖组件覆盖壳体的开口形成二次电池的外壳组件；或者
上述实施例的外壳组件。
根据本申请的第四方面，提供了一种电池组，包括上述实施例的二次电池。
根据本申请的第五方面，提供了一种使用电池的装置，包括上述实施例的二次电池，其中二次电池用于提供电能。
根据本申请的第六方面，提供了一种二次电池的注液方法，包括：
通过二次电池的外壳上的通孔注入电解液；
将盖体放置于外壳上，盖体覆盖至少部分密封件，其中，盖体被放置在第二位置，盖体的限位部与外壳远离外壳内的一侧的容纳部沿通孔的周向错位；和
旋转盖体从第二位置至第一位置，使限位部进入容纳部内，以限制盖体与外壳分离。
在一些实施例中，在将盖体放置于外壳上之前，注液方法还包括：
将密封件安装在外壳或盖体上。
在一些实施例中，注液方法还包括：
旋转盖体从第一位置至第二位置，使限位部与容纳部沿通孔的周向错位；和
将盖体与外壳分离。
在一些实施例中，在将盖体与外壳分离之后，注液方法还包括：
将密封件从外壳或盖体上移除。
根据本申请的第七方面，提供了一种注液装置，用于二次电池，包括：
注液机构，被配置为将电解液通过设在外壳上的通孔注入外壳内；和
盖体拆装机构，被配置为在盖体放置于外壳上处于第二位置，且盖体覆盖至少部分密封件的状态下，旋转盖体从第二位置至第一位置，以使盖体上的限位部进入容纳部内，限制盖体与外壳分离；其中，在第二位置，限位部与容纳部沿通孔的周向错位。
在一些实施例中，注液装置还包括：
密封件拆装机构，被配置为在将密封件安装在外壳或盖体上，或者将密封件从外壳或盖体上移除。
在一些实施例中，盖体拆装机构还被配置为旋转盖体从第一位置至第二位置，使限位部与容纳部沿通孔的周向错位，以将盖体与外壳分离。
在一些实施例中，密封件拆装机构还被配置为在盖体与外壳分离之后，将密封件从外壳或盖体上移除。
本申请实施例的端盖组件，通过旋转盖体即可实现盖体与端盖的分离，实现二次注液。通过方便地二次注液，本申请可以有效减缓电芯容量降低的程度，提升电池的使用寿命。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1-A为采用本申请采用二次电池的车辆的一些实施例的外形示意图；
图1-B为本申请电池组的一些实施例的结构示意图；
图1-C为本申请电池模块的一些实施例的结构示意图；
图1-D为本申请二次电池的一些实施例的分解图；
图2为本申请二次电池中端盖组件的第一实施例的分解图；
图3为本申请端盖组件的第一实施例的剖视图；
图4A和图4B分别为第一实施例中盖体的一些实施例的俯视图和A-A剖视图；
图5A和图5B分别为第一实施例中安装部件的一些实施例的正面和背面结构示意图；
图6为本申请端盖组件中密封件的一些实施例的主视图；
图7为第一实施例中盖体的另一些实施例的结构示意图；
图8A、8B和8C分别为第一实施例中安装部件的另一些实施例的背面结构图、 仰视图和B-B剖视图；
图9为与图8A相适应的端盖主体的结构示意图；
图10A和图10B为容纳部的截面形状为C形的一些实施例的剖视图；
图10C为容纳部的截面形状为V形的一些实施例的剖视图；
图11为本申请端盖组件的第二实施例的剖视图；
图12A和图12B分别为第二实施例中安装部件的一些实施例的正面和背面结构示意图；
图13为第二实施例中盖体的一些实施例的结构示意图；
图14A和图14B分别为在密封件的顶部设置间隔片的一些实施例的立体图和剖视图；
图15为本申请端盖组件的第三实施例的分解图；
图16为本申请端盖组件的第三实施例中端盖的剖视图；
图17为本申请端盖组件的第三实施例的剖视图；
图18A和图18B分别为第三实施例中盖体的正面和背面结构示意图；
图19为本申请端盖组件的第四实施例的分解图；
图20为第四实施例中安装部件的一些实施例的结构示意图；
图21为与图20所示安装部件配合的盖体的结构示意图；
图22为第四实施例中安装部件的另一些实施例的结构示意图；
图23为与图22所示安装部件配合的盖体的结构示意图；
图24为本申请端盖组件的第五实施例的分解图；
图25为本申请端盖组件的第五实施例的剖视图；
图26为第五实施例中安装部件的一些实施例的结构示意图；
图27为第五实施例中盖体的一些实施例的结构示意图；
图28为本申请用于二次电池的外壳组件的一些实施例的结构示意图；
图29为本申请二次电池注液方法的一些实施例的流程示意图；
图30为本申请二次电池注液方法的另一些实施例的流程示意图；
图31为本申请给二次电池注入电解液的装置的一些实施例的组成示意图。
附图标记说明
100、车辆；200、电池组；300、电池模块；400、二次电池；500、给二次电池 注入电解液的装置；
10、端盖组件；10’、端盖；20、转接件；30、电极组件；301、极耳；40、壳体；
1、端盖主体；11、通孔；12、容纳部；121、第一凸出部；12A、第一限位壁；12B、第二限位壁；12C、侧壁；121、限位开口；122、止挡部；123、斜面；124、第一凹入部；13、引导部；14、开口；15、第一凹槽；151、第二凸出部；16、第三凹槽；17、第四凹槽；18、安装孔；19、排气孔；
2、盖体；21、主体部；211、夹持部；211A、孔；211B、多边形槽；211C、十字槽；211D、凸台；212、第二凹槽；213、凸起部；22、限位部；221、限位开口；222、限位台；223、第三凸出部；23、延伸部；
3、密封件；31、密封柱；311、第一倒角；312、过渡部；32、止推台；321、第二倒角；33、密封片；34、密封圈；
4、安装部件；41、安装环；41A、环体；41B、连接部；42、限位台；43、基座；44、第二凹入部；
5、端子；6、防爆构件；7、密封环；8、间隔片；
201、第一壳体；202、第二壳体；
410、外壳组件；410’、外壳；
501、注液机构；502、盖体拆装机构；503、密封件拆装机构。
具体实施方式
以下详细说明本申请。在以下段落中，更为详细地限定了实施例的不同方面。如此限定的各方面可与任何其他的一个方面或多个方面组合，除非明确指出不可组合。尤其是，被认为是优选的或有利的任何特征可与其他一个或多个被认为是优选的或有利的特征组合。
本申请中出现的“第一”、“第二”等用语仅是为了方便描述，以区分具有相同名称的不同组成部件，并不表示先后或主次关系。
此外，当元件被称作“在”另一元件“上”时，该元件可以直接在所述另一元件上，或者可以间接地在所述另一元件上并且在它们之间插入有一个或更多个中间元件。另外，当元件被称作“连接到”另一元件时，该元件可以直接连接到所述另一元件，或者可以间接地连接到所述另一元件并且在它们之间插入有一个或更多个中间元件。在下文中，同样的附图标记表示同样的元件。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)。
为了在以下实施例中清楚地描述各个方位，例如图1-D中的坐标系对电池的各个方向进行了定义，x方向表示二次电池400的长度方向；y方向在水平面内与x方向垂直，表示二次电池400的宽度方向；z方向垂直于x和y方向形成的平面，表示二次电池400的高度方向。基于此种方位定义，采用了“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”、“前”、“后”、“内”和“外”等指示的方位或位置关系的描述，这仅是为了便于描述本申请，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制。
造成锂离子电池使用寿命的问题有很多，多年来本领域技术人员尝试从很多不同的角度解决该问题，但是，一直未达到预期的效果。
作为本申请发明创造过程的一部分，发明人经过无数次试验和验证，发现造成电池使用寿命问题的原因之一是电池在使用过程中，多次经历充放电循环，电池内部电解液不可避免会发生不可逆的反应消耗，电池使用容量随之降低。因此，发明人发现如果可以在电池使用过程中，对电池内部电解液进行补充，将能有效减缓电池容量降低的程度，提升电池的使用寿命。
锂离子电池主要由正极材料、负极材料、电解液、隔膜四部分组成，其中，电解液是在电池正、负极之间起传导作用的离子导体，一般由电解质锂盐和有机溶剂两部分组成。为了防止在使用过程中有电解液外渗污染周围空气和环境，或有水汽或金属颗粒进入电池内部，造成正负电极短路，因此电池对结构的封闭性要求高。在发明人所知晓的相关技术中，电池的电解液灌注通常在生产阶段进行，完成电解液灌注后，为保证电池的密封性，通常采用激光焊接方式将注液孔封闭。
此种电池在使用过程中难以进行补液，若想进行补液，也需破坏激光焊缝结构，难以再次密封，且会对电池的结构造成不可逆损坏，影响电池使用性能。
有鉴于此，本申请欲提供一种二次电池，能够实现注液构件的反复拆装，以方便地拆下注液构件进行补液，在补液完成后可靠地将注液孔封闭。但是，结合锂电池电池的结构特点和性能要求，设计此种注液构件可拆卸的电池同时还需要解决诸多问题。
例如：1、与铅酸电池相比，锂电池整体的体积小，相应地注液孔的尺寸也较小，要设计为可拆卸结构具有难度；2、注液构件要方便快捷地实现拆卸，便于操作，以减小维护时间；3、在注液构件拆卸过程中，要防止外部杂质或者电池上挤压掉落的金属 屑掉入壳体内造成电极组件的正负电极短路；4、电池应用与车辆中时，车辆在工作过程中会发生振动，在电池长期使用，或者拆装次数较多的情况下，由于注液构件尺寸小，需要保证注液构件封闭注液孔时的结构强度，从而保证电池工作的可靠性和使用寿命。
在综合考虑上述技术问题的基础上，本申请提供了一种端盖组件、二次电池、电池组及使用电池的装置，可以方便地实现电池的二次注液。即通过预留注液孔，把电解液按照需要的量注入电池内部的过程，分为一次注液和二次注液。二次注液还可以被称为补充注液，进一步注液等。二次注液的含义是对电池补充或更换电解液，或往电池里添加或补充任何固体，液体或气体的过程。通过实现方便地二次注液，本申请可以有效减缓电芯容量降低的程度，提升电池的使用寿命。
使用电池的装置包括用于为装置提供电能的二次电池400，如图1-A所示，使用电池的装置可以是车辆100，例如新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；或者使用电池的装置也可以是无人机或轮船等。可实现二次注液的二次电池400可以使该装置减小电池更换频率，节约成本，并提高装置工作的可靠性和动力性能。
为了使电池达到较高的功率以满足使用需求，如图1-B所示，使用电池的装置中可设置电池组200。在一些实施例中，电池组200包括第一壳体201、第二壳体202和多个电池模块300，其中，第一壳体201和第二壳体202相互扣合，多个电池模块300排布在第一壳体201和第二壳体202围合形成的空间内。
如图1-C所示，电池模块300包括多个二次电池400，多个二次电池400可通过串联、并联或混联的方式连接以实现较大的容量或功率。例如，如图1-C所示，二次电池400可立放，二次电池400的高度方向与竖直方向一致，多个二次电池400沿宽度方向并排设置；或者二次电池400可平放，二次电池400的宽度方向与竖直方向一致，多个二次电池400沿宽度方向可堆叠至少一层，每一层中包括沿长度方向间隔设置的多个二次电池400。
为了使本领域技术人员清楚地了解本申请的改进点，首先对二次电池400的整体结构进行说明。
如图1-D所示，二次电池400包括壳体40、电极组件30和端盖组件10，端盖组件10包括端盖10’，端盖10’与壳体40连接形成二次电池400的外壳，电极组件30设在壳体40内，且壳体40内填充电解液。二次电池400可以为方形，圆柱形或其他 形状。
根据实际使用需求，电极组件30可设置为单个，或多个。如图1-D所示，也可在电池内设置至少两个独立卷绕的电极组件30。电极组件30可通过将第一极片、第二极片以及位于第一极片和第二极片之间的隔膜一同卷绕或堆叠而形成主体部，其中，隔膜是介于第一极片和第二极片之间的绝缘体。主体部具有相对的两个端面。在本实施例中，示例性地以第一极片为正极片，第二极片为负极片进行说明。正极活性物质被涂覆在正极片的涂覆区上，而负极活性物质被涂覆到负极片的涂覆区上。由主体部的涂覆区延伸出的多个未涂覆区层叠作为极耳。电极组件包括两个极耳301，即正极耳和负极耳。正极耳从正极片的涂覆区延伸出，而负极耳从负极片的涂覆区延伸出。
端盖组件10设在电极组件30顶部，如图1-D和图3所示，端盖组件10包括端盖10’和两个端子5，两个端子5分别为正极端子和负极端子，每个端子5对应设置一个转接件20，转接件20位于端盖10’与电极组件30之间。如图2所示，端盖10’上与端子5对应处设有安装孔18，端子5固定在安装孔18内，且端子5与安装孔18之间可设有密封环7。例如，图1中电极组件30的极耳301位于顶部，正极极耳通过一个转接件20与正极端子连接，负极极耳通过另一个转接件20与负极端子连接。可选的，二次电池400可以包括两个端盖组件10，分别设置于壳体40的两端，每个端盖组件10上设置一个端子5。
端盖10’上还可设置防爆构件，当二次电池400内气体太多时及时释放二次电池400内的气体，避免发生爆炸。端盖10’上设有排气孔19，排气孔19可设在端盖10’沿长度方向的中间位置，通孔11可位于安装孔18与排气孔19之间。防爆构件包括防爆阀6，防爆阀6设在排气孔19上，在正常状态下，防爆阀6密封安装于排气孔19，在电池发生膨胀使外壳内的气压升高至超出预设值时，防爆阀6开启，气体通过防爆阀6向外释放。
在一些实施例中，如图2所示，端盖10’上设有用于向二次电池400内注入电解液的通孔11，通孔11可采用圆孔、椭圆孔、多边形孔或其它形状的孔，并可沿端盖10’的高度方向延伸。端盖10’上设有用于将通孔11封闭的注液构件。
在描述了二次电池400的整体结构和应用之后，下面将对本申请的注液构件进行详细阐述，首先以注液构件设在端盖10’上为例进行说明，基于此种结构本申请给出了多个实施例，下面先给出各实施例的共同点。
如图1-D至图27，本申请提供了一种端盖组件10，用于二次电池400。在一些 实施例中，端盖组件10包括：端盖10’、密封件3和盖体2。
端盖10’上设有用于注入电解液的通孔11和容纳部12，以二次电池400为基准，通孔11可沿二次电池400的高度方向设置，即沿端盖10’的厚度方向设置，或者也可倾斜设置。容纳部12位于端盖10’远离壳体40的一侧且沿通孔11的周向设置，容纳部12可以是沿通孔11的部分周向延伸的空腔。容纳部12与端盖10’靠近壳体40内部的面之间具有预设距离，预设距离的大小不作限定，例如，容纳部12可设在端盖10’的上部区域、中部区域或下部区域，使得端盖10’的至少部分位于容纳部12与电极组件30之间，而不是将容纳部12直接开设在端盖10’的底面上。
密封件3用于密封通孔11，盖体2用于覆盖至少部分密封件3，以防止密封件3与端盖10‘脱离。
盖体2可压住密封件3，使密封件3发生变形而提高密封效果，或者仅与密封件3接触限制其沿高度方向的自由度；在密封件3与通孔11紧配合且能独立封闭通孔11的情况下，盖体2也可与密封件3在高度方向上间隔设置。盖体2可全部覆盖密封件3，以便向密封件3施加压力、限位或者放置外部杂质进入电池；在密封件3与通孔11紧配合且能独立封闭通孔11的情况下，盖体2也可部分覆盖密封件3。
盖体2被配置为可旋转的，例如，在垂直于高度方向的平面内可旋转，且旋转轴线可以是通孔11的轴线。如图4A所示，盖体2包括限位部22，限位部22可沿通孔11的部分周向延伸。
限位部22与容纳部12之间形成卡合结构，其中，在盖体2旋转至第一位置时，限位部22部分或全部位于容纳部12内以限制盖体2与端盖10’分离，从而将通孔11封闭；在盖体2沿顺指针或逆时针方向旋转至第二位置时，限位部22与容纳部12沿通孔11的周向错位，且限位部22完全脱离容纳部12，以实现盖体2与端盖10’的分离，在该状态下可注入电解液。
本申请通过旋转盖体2即可实现盖体2与端盖10’的分离，实现二次注液。通过方便地二次注液，本申请可以有效减缓二次电池400容量降低的程度，提升电池的使用寿命。进一步的，因为拆卸注液构件后，通孔11将壳体40内部与外部大气连通，可以排出壳体40内的气体或者极片之间的气泡。通过排出极片之间的气泡，缩短极片间的间隙，可以提高二次电池400的循环性能，进一步地提高二次电池400的使用寿命。通过排出二次电池400壳体内的气体，本申请还可以释放壳体40内的压力，从而降低壳体内气体对防爆阀6的持续受力，降低防爆阀6蠕变破裂导致二次电池400漏液或 进去水汽寿命缩短的风险，从而进一步地提高电芯的使用寿命，同时可以降低二次电池400内部气体大使得二次电池400发生膨胀对其他结构施加的作用力，避免其他结构因二次电池400膨胀力过大而发生结构破损，从而提高电池组的使用寿命。盖体2通过旋转实现与容纳部12的限位或分离，旋转的过程中，限位部22与容纳部12的内壁之间可能发生摩擦，产生金属颗粒。由于本申请中容纳部12位于端盖10’远离壳体40的一侧，旋转过程中产生的金属颗粒不会直接掉入壳体40内，造成二次电池400短路，进一步提高了二次电池400的安全性。
限位部22沿通孔11周向的延伸长度以及沿通孔11径向的延伸宽度保证卡合结构的强度，在拆装次数较多的情况下，也能防止卡合结构发生损坏。而且在二次电池400应用于车辆100时，由于车辆100在工作过程中会发生振动，本申请通过提高限位部22与容纳部12卡合的强度，能够防止限位部22与容纳部12长期受到振动而发生损坏，从而保证二次电池400工作的可靠性和使用寿命。
本申请通过盖体2的旋转实现通孔11的打开与封闭，使盖体2与端盖10’之间形成可拆卸结构，在打开盖体2时不会破坏注液结构，在二次注液完成后还可以将通孔11可靠地封闭，可保证电池在二次注液后工作的可靠性。因此二次电池400的外观与注液前保持一致，也不影响二次注液后的使用。进一步的，因为直接通过旋转盖体2实现通孔11的封闭，因此无需通过激光焊接实现通孔11的密封，减少了激光焊接前对通孔11的清洗步骤，提高了电池生产效率。
本申请通过盖体2的旋转实现限位部22与容纳部12的配合或脱离，结构简单，对配合精度要求较低，可反复使用；在加工方面，盖体2上设置限位部22，端盖10’上设置容纳部12都易于加工，适合于整体尺寸较小的锂离子电池；在装配维护方面，盖体2的拆装操作容易，在生产时可提高电池的装配效率，在二次注液时可缩短维护时间。
图2至图6为本申请第一实施例的端盖组件10-1的结构示意图。其中，图3示出了本申请第一实施例的剖视图；图4A和图4B分别为图3中盖体2的俯视图和剖视图；图5A和图5B分别为图3中安装部件4的正面和背面结构示意图。
如图3和图4A、4B，盖体2还包括主体部21，用于覆盖至少部分密封件3，例如，主体部21可呈盘状或环状结构等。限位部22连接于主体部21并沿通孔11的径向延伸，根据盖体2与端盖10’的配合形式，限位部22可沿着径向朝内或朝外延伸。例如，限位部22可以是沿主体部21周向延伸的凸台，凸台的截面形状与容纳部12 相适配。
如图4A和图4B所示，限位部22设置有多个，多个限位部22沿主体部21的周向分隔设置，相应地，容纳部12也设有多个，多个限位部22与多个容纳部12一一对应地设置。图4A和图4B中的限位部22设有两个，且两个限位部22相对于主体部21的中心相对设置。
该实施例通过设置多个限位部22，盖体2在第一位置时具有多处限位支撑，可稳定地被容纳部12卡合，并降低限位部22承受的卡合力，以保证限位部22的强度。例如，多个限位部22可沿主体部21的周向均布，可使盖体2沿整个周向的受力分布更加均衡，防止盖体2发生倾斜，利于在二次注液时顺畅地将盖体2从第一位置旋转至第二位置，对于盖体2压住密封件3的结构，还能防止限位部22在旋转时划伤密封件3。
如图5A和图5B，端盖10’还包括引导部13，与容纳部12连通，且限位部22被配置为经引导部13进入容纳部12，或者经引导部13与端盖10’分离，引导部13形成容纳部12与端盖10’外部连通的通道。例如，容纳部12沿周向设有多个，引导部13为相邻容纳部12之间形成的开口区域，在盖体2处于第二位置时，限位部22与容纳部12周向错位，并位于引导部13内。或者容纳部12沿周向仅设有一个，引导部13为周向上除了容纳部12以外的开口区域。
引导部13的周向长度可大于限位部22的周向长度，且不超过容纳部12的周向长度以尽量增加限位部22与容纳部12的卡合长度，提高限位稳定性，且引导部13的周向长度要使限位部22顺利进入引导部13。
如图3所示，容纳部12包括第一限位壁12A、与第一限位壁12A相对设置的第二限位壁12B以及用于连接第一限位壁12A与第二限位壁12B的侧壁12C。
如图3所示，在盖体2旋转至第一位置时，第一限位壁12A与限位部22相抵，第一限位壁12A为顶壁，可限制盖体2沿高度方向向上运动的自由度，以限制盖体2与端盖10’分离。第二限位壁12B为底壁，且第二限位壁12B与端盖10’靠近壳体的面之间具有预设距离。为了减小盖体2旋转时的阻力，第二限位壁12B与限位部22之间可具有间隙；可选地，第二限位壁12B也可与限位部22相抵。同样地，为了减小盖体2旋转时的阻力，侧壁12C与限位部22之间也可具有间隙；可选地，侧壁12C也可与限位部22接触。
在需要安装盖体2时，向盖体2施加向下的作用力，通过密封件3的变形使限位 部22与第一限位壁12A之间产生间隙，此时转动盖体2使限位部22顺利地进入容纳部12，到达第一位置后，松开盖体2，盖体2在密封件3的弹性作用下向上移动，直至限位部22的顶面与第一限位壁12A相抵，此时限位部22的底面与第二限位壁12B之间可能出现间隙。
在需要拆卸盖体2时，向盖体2施加向下的作用力，通过密封件3的变形使限位部22与第一限位壁12A之间产生间隙，此时转动盖体2使限位部22顺利地与容纳部12周向错位并整体位于引导部13内，此时到达第二位置，并取下盖体2进行注液。
如图3所示，容纳部12沿通孔11的周向延伸，且截面形状为C形，C形只是示意性地给出容纳部12的形状，第一限位壁12A、第二限位壁12B和侧壁12C可以是平面或者弧面。此种容纳部12在与限位部22配合时具有更高的卡合强度。而且，第一限位壁12A为平面，且限位部22的顶面也为平面时，可以增加第一限位壁12A和限位部22的抵接面积，提高卡合的稳定性，而且还能增加第一限位壁12A和限位部22之间的摩擦力，增加盖体2在卡合状态下相对于端盖10’发生周向转动的难度。
在一些实施例中，限位部22与容纳部12之间设有限位结构，被配置为限制盖体2处于第一位置时与容纳部12错位分离。若使用二次电池400的装置在工作过程中产生较大振动或冲击，限位结构可以使限位部22与容纳部12在第一位置时可靠地卡合，防止限位部22发生周向旋转而脱离容纳部12，使盖体2与端盖10’的连接更加可靠，提高对电解液的密封性，从而保证电池工作的可靠性。
如图4A和图5B所示，限位结构包括：限位开口221和第一凸出部121。其中，限位开口221设在限位部22和容纳部12的其中一个上，例如，限位开口221可以是孔或槽等；第一凸出部121与限位开口221卡合，且设在限位部22和容纳部12的另一个上。盖体2处于第一位置时，在密封件3的弹性作用下，限位开口221和第一凸出部121卡紧，使限位部22与容纳部12之间不会因为受到振动、冲击等外力而旋转松脱；或者，盖体2通过限位开口221和第一凸出部121的过盈配合实现卡紧。
如图5B所示，第一凸出部121设在容纳部12的第一限位壁12A上，第一凸出部121为圆柱；如图4A所示，限位部22的顶面上设有限位开口221，限位开口221为圆孔，在盖体2处于第一位置时，圆柱嵌入圆孔内，以限制盖体2旋转。
如图3所示，沿通孔11轴向的投影，密封件3的最大直径大于通孔11的最小直径。该结构可以防止密封件3在装配或二次注液过程中通过通孔11进入壳体50内。
如图3和图6所示，密封件3包括密封柱31和连接在密封柱31一端的止推台 32。密封柱31插入通孔11内，例如，密封柱31与通孔11紧配合，以提高对电解液的密封效果。止推台32沿径向设置，且抵靠在端盖10’上。为了使密封柱31插入通孔11内，密封柱31远离止推台32的一端设有第一倒角311。为了在密封柱31与止推台32的连接处较好地密封，密封柱31与止推台32的连接处设有过渡部312，过渡部312可以是圆角或斜角。
此种密封件3可以单独将通孔11封闭，在需要二次注液时，在拆卸盖体2后，通孔11仍被密封件3封闭，最后将密封件3拆下就能注入电解液；在安装盖体2时，先通过密封件3将通孔11封闭，再安装盖体2。这样在盖体2拆装的过程中，通孔11均处于封闭状态，可进一步防止盖体2旋转时与容纳部12摩擦产生的金属屑掉入壳体50内造成电极组件30的正负电极短路，从而保证电池的工作性能。
密封件3可以和盖体2设置为一体的结构，也可以是分体的结构。
如图4A和图5B所示，从第一位置旋转至第二位置盖体2旋转角度小于180度。此种设置形式能使盖体2旋转较小角度就与容纳部12卡合，提高装配的便捷性和效率。可选地，从第一位置旋转至第二位置盖体2旋转角度也可等于或大于180度。
如图3所示，盖体2与密封件3接触，密封件3与盖体2接触表面的摩擦系数小于密封件3与端盖10’接触表面的摩擦系数。这样在旋转盖体2时盖体2的旋转摩擦力小，易于装配，且可减小密封件3的磨损。为了减小密封件3与盖体2之间的摩擦力，可在密封件3与盖体2之间涂润滑油或设置其他摩擦力小的间隔件等方式。
如图3和图4B所示，在通孔11的轴向上，盖体2和端盖10’中的至少一个与密封件3接触的面上设有凸起部213，例如，凸起部213可呈环状结构或者多个间隔设置的凸柱。盖体2抵压密封件3以使密封件3与凸起部213抵压。此种结构可以通过增加盖体2与密封件3之间的局部压紧力，防止密封件3各处压缩量不一致造成密封失效，从而优化对通孔11的密封效果，防止电解液向外泄漏。
为了便于使盖体2旋转，盖体2的主体部21上设有夹持部211，被配置为接收外部操作以驱动盖体2转动。通过设置夹持部211，便于通过工装与夹持部211配合旋转盖体2，在拆装盖体2时便于施加外力，而且易于控制盖体2的旋转角度。下面将给出夹持部211可采用的结构形式，下面具体结构可单独设置或任意结合。
如图4A所示，夹持部211包括多个设在主体部21上的多个孔211A，多个孔211A可位于主体部21靠近外周的位置，例如设置三个孔211A。
如图3所示，端盖10’包括端盖主体1和安装部件4，安装部件4设置于端盖主 体1的表面，且环绕通孔11设置，例如，安装部件4可设置于端盖主体1远离壳体50的表面，容纳部12设置于安装部件4或容纳部12由安装部件4与端盖主体1围合形成。
该实施例将端盖10’设计为分体式结构，由于端盖主体1呈薄板状结构不易加工复杂的结构，通过设置安装部件4易于形成容纳部12，可降低端盖主体1的加工难度。
如图3所示，容纳部12由安装部件4与端盖主体1围合形成。如图3和图5B，安装部件4包括安装环41和限位台42，限位台42连接于安装环41的内壁且沿着径向朝内延伸，安装环41固定于端盖主体1上，限位台42与端盖主体1之间形成容纳部12，限位台42的底面作为第一限位壁12A。
如图3所示，端盖主体1远离壳体50的表面设有第一凹槽15，安装部件4固定于第一凹槽15内，通孔11设在第一凹槽15的底壁上。容纳部12形成于安装部件4的内侧壁上。
此种结构可以降低安装部件4相对于端盖主体1的高度，以降低注液构件凸出端盖主体1的高度，从而减小电池的整体高度，同时可以减小二次电池400在安装或使用过程中注液构件与其它部件发生碰撞的可能性，其次在二次电池400应用于电池组时，由于安装部件4高度的降低，便于在端盖组件10上方安装其他构件，例如用于获得二次电池400信号的检测电路。
具体地，安装部件4可通过多种方式固定于第一凹槽15内。例如，紧配合、粘接、紧固件安装或焊接等。对于焊接的形式，安装部件4与第一凹槽15配合的侧面呈锥面，且第一凹槽15开口端的径向尺寸大于第一凹槽15底部的径向尺寸，安装部件4与第一凹槽15的配合面通过激光焊接。
该结构将第一凹槽15的侧壁设计为锥面，可以对安装部件4置入第一凹槽15起到导向作用，而且在采用激光焊接时，可使激光入射路径没有间隙，焊接不会因间隙发生爆点，提高焊接的结构强度。
如图3所示，容纳部12形成于安装部件4的内侧壁上，盖体2还包括主体部21，用于覆盖至少部分密封件3，且主体部21位于安装部件4环绕通孔11形成的开口14中，开口14与容纳部12连通，限位部22连接于在主体部21的外侧壁上并沿通孔11的径向延伸。
该实施例将盖体2置于开口14内，利于降低注液构件凸出于端盖主体1的高度，不仅可以减小二次电池400在安装或使用过程中注液构件与其它部件发生碰撞的可能 性；另外在二次电池400应用于电池组200时，还便于端盖组件10上方安装其他构件，例如用于获得二次电池400信号的检测电路。
具体地，如图5A和5B所示，安装部件4包括安装环41和限位台42，限位台42连接在安装环41的内壁上，限位台42可设在安装环41远离通孔11的一端，以便在高度方向上为形成容纳部12留出空间。限位台42与安装环41远离通孔11的表面齐平，以尽量增加容纳部12的高度，相应地可以增加限位部22的厚度，从而提高限位部22与容纳部12的卡合强度。其中，安装部件4中多个限位台42围合形成的内部区域形成开口14，主体部21位于开口14内，开口14与容纳部12连通。
由于安装部件4设在第一凹槽15内，限位台42的底壁、安装环41的侧壁与第一凹槽15的底壁之间围合形成容纳部12，由此，限位台42的底壁作为第一限位壁12A、第一凹槽15的底壁作为第二限位壁12B，安装环41的侧壁作为侧壁12C。
其中，限位台42可从安装环41的内侧壁沿径向朝内延伸，且限位台42沿周向延伸。例如，安装环41上沿周向间隔设置多个限位台42，多个限位台42可均匀分布，相邻限位台42之间形成引导部13，引导部13与容纳部12连通。如图4A和5B，限位台42设有两个，限位部22只需转动90°，就能从引导部13内转动至限位台42沿周向的中心区域，将限位台42沿周向的中心区域作为第一位置，可以减小限位部22与容纳部12之间在受到振动、冲击等外力时相互错开的可能性。
在一些实施例中，限位部22、第一限位壁12A和第二限位壁12B的至少一个设有斜面123，被配置为引导限位部22进入容纳部12。此种结构通过设置斜面123，可以使限位部22顺利地进入容纳部12，无需进行对正将限位部22调整到指定高度，可提高装配效率，也能防止限位部22与容纳部12的入口处发生碰撞，从而提高注液构件的使用寿命，并减少金属屑的产生。
具体地，如图4A所示，限位部22设有斜面123，被配置为引导限位部22进入容纳部12。此种结构通过设置斜面123，可以使限位部22顺利地进入容纳部12，无需进行对正调整，可提高装配效率，也能防止限位部22与容纳部12的入口处发生碰撞，从而提高注液构件的使用寿命，并减少金属屑的产生。且斜面123设在限位部22上容易加工。
具体地，斜面123设在限位部22沿周向的侧壁上，斜面123被构造为使限位部22沿周向的侧部厚度从内至外逐渐减小。斜面123可设在斜面123的一侧或两侧。例如，斜面123可以是平面或弧面等。
如图4A所示，多个限位部22沿周向间隔连接在主体部21的外侧壁上，多个限位部22可均匀间隔设置，且限位部22从主体部21的外侧壁上沿径向向外延伸。限位部22沿周向的两个侧面上均设有斜面123，以使限位部22更顺畅地进入容纳部12。
如图6所示，密封件3包括密封柱31和连接在密封柱31一端的止推台32。密封柱31插入通孔11内，止推台32沿径向设置，且抵靠在端盖10’上。例如，密封件3选用耐电解液的高弹性材料，例如橡胶或其它弹性塑胶等。
通过采用此种密封件3，在需要二次注液时，在拆卸盖体2后，通孔11仍被密封件3封闭，最后将密封件3拆下就能注入电解液；在安装盖体2时，先通过密封件3将通孔11封闭，再安装盖体2。这样在盖体2拆装的过程中，通孔11均处于封闭状态，可防止盖体2旋转时与容纳部12摩擦产生的金属屑掉入壳体50内造成电极组件30的正负电极短路。
如图3所示，主体部21靠近通孔11的面上设有第二凹槽212，止推台32位于第二凹槽212内。如图4B，第二凹槽212的底壁上可设置凸起部213，凸起部213可增加盖体2对密封件3的局部压紧力，提高密封效果。
如图3所示，在旋转盖体2时，为了减少限位部22与容纳部12的碰撞，可向盖体2施加向下的作用力使限位部22高度降低更易顺畅的进入容纳部12，但作用力过大会压溃密封件3。第二凹槽212使得向下施力过大时盖体2底面与端盖主体1抵住，密封件3的最大压缩量为第二凹槽212的高度避免了施加作用力过大，密封件13压缩量超过其自身能力，将密封件3压溃影响密封效果。
如图3所示，安装部件4的顶面不超过端盖主体1的顶面，例如两者齐平。而且，将密封件3的至少部分设在第二凹槽212内，以便使盖体2的顶面不超过安装部件4的顶面，由此，注液构件不会高于端盖主体1的顶面。
此种结构可以降低二次电池400的整体高度，提高能量密度，并减小二次电池400在安装或使用过程中注液构件与其它部件发生碰撞的可能性；在二次电池400应用于电池组200时，便于端盖组件10上方安装其他构件，例如用于获得二次电池400信号的检测电路。
为了方便限位部22通过旋转进入容纳部12，容纳部12的高度大于限位部22。在限位部22进入容纳部12后，在密封件3的弹力作用下会使限位部22的顶面与第一限位壁12A接触，但是限位部22的底面与第二限位壁12B之间则具有间隙。因此，为了使盖体2顶面不超过安装部件4的顶面，盖体2的高度小于安装部件4的高度。 此种结构既能使盖体2顺利旋转，又能在减小电池整体高度的同时为密封件3的安装留出空间。
端盖组件10-1所在二次电池400的装配过程如下：首先，将安装部件4置入第一凹槽15内，并进行焊接；接着，从通孔11注入电解液，注液完成后安装密封件3；然后，将盖体2放置于端盖10’上，盖体2覆盖至少部分密封件3，其中，盖体2被放置在限位部22与容纳部12周向错位第二位置；最后使用专用工具卡住三个孔211A，并向下施加作用力使限位部22与第一限位壁12A之间具有间隙，旋转90°使盖体2从第二位置至第一位置，使限位部22进入容纳部12内，以限制盖体2与外壳分离。在旋转到位后，释放盖体2，盖体2在密封件3的弹性力作用下使盖体2与第一限位壁12A抵接。
在需要对该二次电池400进行二次注液时，使用专用工具卡住三个孔211A，反向旋转盖体2使其从第一位置到达第二位置，取下盖体2，并取下密封件3，在注入电解液之后，重复装配过程，即可完成电池的维护。
图7是端盖组件10-1中对盖体2的变形例。与图4A不同的是，图7中，夹持部211包括设在主体部21中心区域的多边形槽211B，可以为三角形、矩形、五边形或六边形槽等。
图8A、8B和8C、图9为第一实施例安装部件4的变形实施例。
如图8A至8C，容纳部12的第一限位壁12A上设置有斜面123，沿盖体2从第二位置到达第一位置的旋转方向，斜面123被构造为与第二限位壁12B之间的距离逐渐减小。斜面123可设置在容纳部12沿周向的一端或两端，可使限位部22顺利地进入容纳部12。例如，斜面123可以是平面或弧面等。可选地，斜面123设在容纳部12的第二限位壁12B上。
容纳部12内设有止挡部122，被配置为限制限位部22的最大旋转行程。每个容纳部12上均可设置一个止挡部122。止挡部122可以阻挡限位部22的旋转，防止限位部22直接从容纳部12中旋出。
在到达最大旋转行程的状态下，限位部22沿周向的侧面与止挡部122完全贴合。例如，主体部21沿周向均匀设置两个限位部22，限位部22沿周向的两个侧面均平行于盖体2的中心平面，相应地，两个容纳部12的止挡部122相对于通孔11的中心平面呈中心对称，两个止挡部122相互平行。可选地，限位部22沿周向的侧面与止挡部122也可局部抵接。
为了防止安装部件4安装时相对于第一凹槽15发生周向旋转，如图8A至8C，安装部件4的底部可设有第二凹入部44，例如，第二凹入部44可设在安装环41的底部。相应地，如图9所示，第一凹槽15的底壁和侧壁连接的位置设有第二凸出部151，第二凸出部151与第二凹入部44配合，可限制安装部件4相对于第一凹槽15发生周向转动。
图10A-10C为第一实施例中容纳部12的形状变形实施例。
在一些实施例中，如图10A和10B，容纳部12的截面形状也呈C形。
如图10A所示，容纳部12的内壁上设有沿周向延伸的第一凹入部124，限位部22包括限位台42和设在限位台42上且沿周向延伸的第三凸出部223，在盖体2旋转至第一位置时，第三凸出部223与第一凹入部124相抵，以限制盖体2与端盖10’分离。
例如，第一凹入部124可设在第一限位壁12A、第二限位壁12B和侧壁12C中的至少一个上。如图10A所示，第一凹入部124设在第一限位壁12A上，相应地，第三凸出部223设在限位台42的顶面上。除此之外，第一凹入部124设在第二限位壁12B上，第三凸出部223设在限位台42的底面上；第一凹入部124设在侧壁12C上，第三凸出部223设在限位台42的侧面上。
如图10B所示，容纳部12设置于安装部件4，容纳部12设在安装部件4的内壁上，且沿安装部件4的周向延伸。安装部件4的截面呈工字型。容纳部12设置于安装部件4为密封件3留出了充裕的空间，可通过增加密封件3的厚度优化密封效果，并提高密封件3的使用寿命。
在另一些实施例中，如图10C所示，容纳部12沿通孔11的周向延伸，且截面形状呈V形，V形的开口朝向不作限制，例如朝上、朝下、朝左、朝右或朝向倾斜方向均可。相应地，限位部22的截面也呈V形。
容纳部12具有其中一个侧边相互连接的第一限位壁12A和第二限位壁12B，在盖体2旋转至第一位置时，第一限位壁12A与限位部22相抵，第一限位壁12A位于第二限位壁12B上方。为了减小盖体2旋转时的阻力，第二限位壁12B与限位部22之间可具有间隙；可选地，第二限位壁12B也可与限位部22相抵。如图10C所示，第一限位壁12A水平设置，第二限位壁12A从底部至少顶部径向尺寸逐渐增大。
图11至图14B为本申请第二实施例的端盖组件10-2的结构示意图，其与端盖组件10-1的区别主要在于安装部件4的具体结构。
如图12A所示，安装环41包括环体41A和连接部41B，环体41A安装在第一凹槽15内，连接部41B连接于环体41A的内壁，且相对于环体41A朝向远离端盖主体1的方向延伸，例如连接部41B相对于环体41A垂直或倾斜设置，环体41A上可沿周向间隔设置多个连接部41B，多个连接部41B可均匀间隔设置。限位台42连接在连接部41B远离环体41A的一端且沿径向朝内延伸。连接部41B与限位台42之间形成L形结构，相邻L形结构之间形成引导部13，多个限位台42围合形成的区域形成开口14。
该实施例由于在相邻连接部41B之间未封闭，盖体2处于第二位置使限位部22位于引导部13内，此时限位部22从相邻连接部41B之间露出，在拆装盖体2的过程中，可以方便地观察到限位部22与容纳部12的对准情况，以使限位部22更容易进入容纳部12。而且，为了使盖体2顺利旋转，在旋转的同时也需要给盖体2施加向下的压力，这样会稍微增加盖体2旋转的阻力，此种结构在限位部22进出容纳部12时，便于操作者用手辅助拨动盖体2旋转，从而提高操作的便捷性。
如图12A和12B所示，限位开口221设在容纳部12的第一限位壁12A上，限位开口221为沿盖体2的径向延伸的弧形槽。如图13所示，限位部22沿周向的两侧均设有弧形的斜面123，而且两个斜面123相切使限位部22的顶面形成整体弧面，以作为第一凸出部121。在盖体2处于第一位置时，限位部22的顶部局部嵌入限位开口221，以限制盖体2旋转。盖体2沿顺时针或逆时针旋转，均可以使限位部22更加顺利地进入容纳部12。
如图13所示，夹持部211为设在主体部21中心区域的十字槽211C。
如图14A和图14B所示，密封件3包括朝向盖体2的面上设置的间隔片8。间隔片8覆盖止推台32的至少部分表面，例如，间隔片8可采用铝片或四氟塑料片等。间隔片8可通过粘贴或紧固件固定于止推台32上，间隔片8与盖体2接触表面的摩擦系数小于密封件3与端盖10’接触表面的摩擦系数。或者，间隔片8也可直接放置于止推台32上，且间隔片8与止推台32接触表面的摩擦系数大于间隔片8与盖体2接触表面的摩擦系数。
如图11所示，为了节省密封件3的安装空间，端盖主体1的顶部设有第四凹槽17，止推台32位于第四凹槽17内。如图14B所示，止推台32靠近密封柱21的一端设有第二倒角321，能够在安装密封件3时使止推部32更顺利地进入第四凹槽17。
图15至图18B给出了本申请第三实施例的端盖组件10-3的结构示意图。在第三实施例中，盖体2也置于开口14内，与端盖组件10-1和10-2的不同之处在于，直接在端盖10’上开设容纳部12。
具体地，如图16所示，端盖10’上还设有环绕通孔11的开口14，且开口14位于通孔11远离壳体50的一侧，容纳部12形成于开口14的侧壁上，盖体2还包括主体部21，用于覆盖至少部分密封件3，且主体部21位于开口14中，限位部22连接于在主体部21的外侧壁上并沿通孔11的径向延伸。
该实施例的容纳部12可直接开设在端盖10’上，无需单独设置安装部件4，可省去上述实施例将安装部件4固定于端盖主体1的工序。在电池长期使用的过程中，端盖10’的整体强度更高，容纳部12的位置不会发生变化，可在二次电池400使用过程中降低盖体2从容纳部12中脱出的风险。
如图16所示，端盖10’远离壳体40的面上设有第三凹槽16，第三凹槽16位于容纳部12上方，第三凹槽16的径向尺寸大于开口14的径向尺寸。相应地，如图17和图18B所示，盖体2还包括延伸部23，延伸部23连接在主体部21远离限位部22的一端，且沿主体部21的整个周向延伸。延伸部23与第三凹槽16配合，可以实现容纳部12的封闭，防止外部杂质从盖体2与端盖10’之间落入，进一步提高了电池工作的可靠性。
如图18A所示，夹持部211包括侧壁具有平面的凸台211D，凸台211D可以是长条矩形或长圆形等。
如图19至图21所示给出了第四实施例的端盖组件10-4的结构示意图。第四实施例与前三个实施例的不同之处在于，容纳部12形成于安装部件4的外侧壁上，盖体2的主体部21套设在安装部件4外，限位部22连接于在主体部21的内侧壁上并沿通孔11的径向延伸。
该实施例将盖体2套设在安装部件4外，便于操作者直接向盖体2施加外力使其旋转，易于操作，无需设计专用工装，可提高装配效率，且在二次注液时方便维护。而且，由于盖体2套设在安装部件4外，安装部件4一般需要凸出于端盖主体1表面，将容纳部12开设在安装部件4的侧壁上，一方面可提高端盖主体1的强度，另一方面利于减小端盖主体1的厚度。
具体地，如图19和20所示，安装部件4包括安装环41，安装环41的外侧壁上 开设沿周向延伸的容纳部12，例如，容纳部12沿周向均匀间隔设有多个，引导部13开设在容纳部12的外侧壁上，且引导部13的第一端与安装环41的顶部连通，第二端与容纳部12连通，具体地，引导部13的第二端与容纳部12沿周向的第一端连通。例如，引导部13可沿安装环41的轴向延伸或者倾斜延伸，使引导部13与安装环41连接形成L形槽。
如图19所示，端盖主体1上设有第一凹槽15，第一凹槽15的底壁上设置通孔11。为了提高安装部件4在第一凹槽15内的安装稳定性，安装部件4还包括基座43，基座43连接在安装环41的底部，且基座43位于第一凹槽15内，基座43与第一凹槽15可通过紧配合、粘接、焊接或紧固件连接等方式固定。基座43的顶面可不高于第一凹槽15。
如图20和21所示，盖体2包括主体部21和限位部22，主体部21呈环状结构，环状结构的顶部可封闭，也可设有开口，主体部21的内壁上沿周向间隔设置多个限位部22，例如三个，三个限位部22可均匀间隔设置，限位部22设在主体部21的内侧壁上，且沿径向朝内延伸，限位部22可设在主体部21底部的位置，相应地，容纳部12也可设在安装部41底部的位置，例如，基座43的顶面作为第二限位壁12B。此种配合结构可以降低盖体2相对于端盖主体1的凸出高度，以降低电池的整体高度。
如图20和21所示，容纳部12的第一限位壁12A上设有限位开口221，且限位开口221相对于第一限位壁12A向内凹入。限位部22作为第一凸出部121，被配置为在盖体2处于第一位置时嵌入限位开口221。限位开口221设在容纳部12的第一限位壁12A上，且限位开口221相对于第一限位壁12A向内凹入；多个容纳部12可沿通孔11的周向间隔设置且相互独立，限位开口221设在容纳部12沿周向远离引导部13的一端。
如图20所示，多个容纳部12沿通孔11的周向间隔设置，限位开口221设在容纳部12远离引导部13的一端。
如图21所示，密封件3包括密封片33，密封片33可贴设在盖体2的内底面上。
端盖组件10-4所在二次电池400的装配过程如下：首先，将安装部件4置入第一凹槽15内，并进行焊接；接着，从通孔11注入电解液；然后，由于将密封片33贴设在盖体2的内底部；最后，将盖体2套设在安装部件4外，在套入的过程中，使限位部22通过引导部13进入，在限位部22到达容纳部12后，对盖体2施加向下的作 用力，并旋转盖体2使限位部22在容纳部12内运动，在限位部22到达限位开口221后释放盖体2，盖体2在密封件3的弹性力作用下与限位开口221的顶壁抵接，以限制盖体2沿周向转动，至此完成装配。
在需要对该二次电池400进行二次注液时，反向旋转盖体2使其从第一位置到达第二位置，取下盖体2连同密封件3，在注入电解液之后，重复装配过程，即可完成电池的维护。
顶盖组件10-4适合于限位部22的周向宽度较小的结构，多个容纳部12可设计为相互独立的形式。对于限位部22的周向宽度较大的结构，多个容纳部12可沿安装环41的整个周向贯通，引导部13的第二端与相邻容纳部12的贯通区域连通。对于此种结构，也可在第一限位壁12A上设有限位开口221，限位开口221位于相邻引导部13之间，且限位开口221相对于第一限位壁12A向内凹入，以在盖体2处于第一位置时使限位部22与限位开口221配合。此种结构可降低加工难度，且由于增大了限位部22的周向宽度，可以增加限位部22与容纳部12之间卡合的强度。
图22为第四实施例中容纳部12的变形实施例。图22与图20的区别在于，多个容纳部12沿通孔11的周向间隔设置，且在周向上贯通，引导部13与相邻容纳部12的贯通区域连通。图22也可在容纳部12的第一限位壁12A上设置限位开口221，且限位开口221相对于第一限位壁12A向内凹入。如图21，限位部22作为第一凸出部121，被配置为在盖体2处于第一位置时嵌入限位开口221。如图22所示，容纳部12沿通孔11的整个周向延伸，限位开口221位于相邻引导部13之间。
如图24至图27所示给出了第五实施例的端盖组件10-5的结构示意图。与第四实施例的端盖组件10-4的不同之处在于容纳部12的形成方式。安装部件4包括安装环41和限位台42，安装环41的外侧壁上沿周向间隔设有多个限位台42，限位台42沿径向向外延伸，例如，容纳部12沿周向均匀间隔设有多个，可以是两个、三个等，端盖主体1上可设有安装孔，安装环41插入安装孔内进行固定，安装环41的内孔形成通孔11。限位台42与端盖主体1共同形成容纳部12，限位台42的底壁作为第一限位壁12A，端盖主体1的顶面作为第二限位壁12B，安装环41的外侧壁作为侧壁12C。
盖体2包括环状的主体部21和限位部22，主体部21的顶部可封闭或设有开口，限位部22设在主体部21的内侧壁上且沿径向朝内延伸，限位部22可设在主体部21 的底部，以降低盖体2相对于端盖主体1的高度，限位部22与盖体2的内底面之间具有预设间隔。
密封件3可采用密封圈34，或者采用密封片33或密封钉。为了节省密封件3的安装空间，安装部件4的顶部设有第四凹槽17，密封件3设在第四凹槽17内。
该实施例在装配或二次注液完成后，将盖体2套设在安装部件4外，在套入的过程中，使限位部22通过引导部13进入，在限位部22到达容纳部12后，对盖体2施加向下的作用力，并旋转盖体2使限位部22在容纳部12内运动，在限位部22到达限位开口221后释放盖体2，盖体2在密封件3的弹性力作用下与限位开口221的顶壁抵接，以限制盖体2沿周向转动，至此完成装配。
在需要对该二次电池400进行二次注液时，反向旋转盖体2使其从第一位置到达第二位置，取下盖体2连同密封件3，在注入电解液之后，重复装配过程，即可完成电池的维护。
其次，基于上述实施例对于端盖组件10的改进，本申请还提供了一种外壳组件410，用于二次电池，在一些实施例中，如图28所示，外壳组件410包括：外壳410’、密封件3和盖体2。外壳410’包括壳体40和与壳体40连接的端盖10’，端盖10’封闭壳体40的开口端。外壳410’的侧壁上设有用于注入电解液的通孔11以及容纳部12，容纳部12位于外壳410’远离外壳410’内部的一侧且沿通孔11的周向设置；密封件3用于密封通孔11。
盖体2用于覆盖至少部分密封件3，盖体2被配置为可旋转的，且包括限位部22。其中，在盖体2旋转至第一位置时，限位部22位于容纳部12内以限制盖体2与外壳410’分离；在盖体2旋转至第二位置时，限位部22与容纳部12沿通孔11的周向错位，以实现盖体2与外壳410’的分离。
该实施例中，通孔11可设在外壳410’的任一壁面上，例如设在端盖10’上，或者设在外壳410’上除端盖10’以外的壁面上，可使通孔11的设置位置更灵活。如图1-D所示，由于锂电池体积较小，且端盖10’上设有端子5和安装于排气孔19上的防爆构件6，或者在另一些结构中还会设置端盖采温结构，端盖组件10上剩余的面积较小，如果将通孔11设在外壳410’的其它面上，则允许增加注液构件的尺寸以进一步提高结构强度，在振动工作环境下提高封闭电解液的可靠性，而且拆装注液构件时具有较大的操作空间。
如图28所示，通孔11设在外壳410’与上与端盖10’相邻的壁面上，可使二次电 池400以端盖10’朝上的状态稳定放置。例如，通孔11设在外壳410’上与最大侧面相邻的壁面上，这样在多个二次电池400采用平放或立放的方式形成电池模块300时，仍能够保持相邻二次电池400的最大侧面接触，从而使电池模块300的结构更加稳定，并能够减小体积。如图28中的注液构件可选择盖体组件10部分描述的任一实施例。
该实施例的外壳组件410能够灵活方便地实现注液构件的反复拆装，以在电解液不足或电解液性能降低时方便地拆下注液构件进行二次注液，并排出电池内的气体，在二次注液完成后还能可靠地将注液孔封闭，可保证电池在二次注液后工作的可靠性，还可使电池的外观与注液前保持一致。
在壳体其它面上设置注液构件的实施例可参考前面在端盖10’上设置注液构件的各实施例，此处就不再赘述。
再次，本申请还提供了一种二次电池400的注液方法，可基于上述实施例的二次电池400，在一些实施例中，如图29所示的流程示意图，该注液方法包括：
步骤S101、通过二次电池400的外壳410’上的通孔11注入电解液；
步骤S102、将盖体2放置于外壳410’上，盖体2覆盖至少部分密封件3，其中，盖体2被放置在第二位置，盖体2的限位部22与外壳远离外壳410’内的一侧的容纳部12沿通孔11的周向错位；和
步骤S103、旋转盖体2从第二位置至第一位置，使限位部22进入容纳部12内，以限制盖体2与外壳410’分离。
与传统的通过激光焊接方式将注液孔封闭的方式相比，本申请不仅避免了焊接的工序，还避免了因焊接带来的后续的清洗焊渣以及干燥该清洗残留的液体等多个工序。因此，本申请提高电池的生产效率。本申请通过盖体2的旋转实现限位部22与容纳部12的配合，简单快捷，在电池的装配过程中可提高注液构件的装配效率，从而进一步地提高了电池的生产效率。
进一步地，如图34所示，在步骤S102将盖体2放置于外壳410’上之前，注液方法还包括：
步骤S102A、将密封件3安装在外壳410’或盖体2上。
该实施例将密封件3安装在外壳410’或盖体2上，可在安装盖体2后直接覆盖密封件3，或者对密封件3产生压紧力，以对通孔11起到更好的密封效果。例如，对于端盖组件10-1、10-2、10-3和10-5，可将密封件3安装在端盖10’上；对于端盖组件10-4，密封件3包括密封片33，盖体2呈帽盖结构，密封片33预先贴合在盖体2的内 底面上。
在另一些实施例中，如图30所示，本申请的注液方法还包括：
步骤S104、旋转盖体2从第一位置至第二位置，使限位部22与容纳部12沿通孔11的周向错位；和
步骤S105、将盖体2与外壳410’分离，从而进一步注入电解液。
传统的通过激光焊接方式将注液孔封闭的方式不允许电池的二次注液。本申请可通过步骤S104-S105灵活方便地实现盖体2的拆卸，以在电解液不足或电解液性能降低时方便地拆下注液构件进行二次注液，或者排出电池内的气体。在注液完成之后，再通过步骤S101-S103完成盖体2的安装，以将通孔11封闭。通过二次注液提高电池的使用寿命。
该注液方法可以灵活方便地实现注液构件的反复拆装，在二次注液完成后还能可靠地将注液孔封闭，可保证电池在二次注液后工作的可靠性，还可使电池的外观与注液前保持一致；而且在二次注液时可缩短维护时间，且电池在出现性能下降时可及时补液，以保证电池的工作性能。
进一步地，如图30所示，在步骤S105将盖体2与外壳分离之后，注液方法还包括：
步骤S106、将密封件3从外壳410’或盖体2上移除。
该实施例将密封件3从外壳410’或盖体2上移除后，可方便地将外壳410’内的电解液倒出，以免将电解液流到密封件3上，可使密封件3保持清洁，提高使用寿命。
最后，本申请还提供了一种注液装置500，用于为二次电池400注液，可以用于实现上述的注液方法。如图31所示，在一些实施例中，包括：注液机构501，被配置为将电解液通过设在外壳410’上的通孔11注入外壳内；和盖体拆装机构502，被配置为在盖体2放置于外壳410’上处于第二位置，旋转盖体2从第二位置至第一位置，以使盖体2的限位部22进入外壳410’远离外壳410’内的一侧的容纳部12内，限制盖体2与外壳410’分离；其中，在第二位置，限位部22与容纳部12沿通孔11的周向错位。
与传统的通过激光焊接方式将注液孔封闭的方式相比，本申请不仅避免了焊接的工序，还避免了因焊接带来的清洗焊渣以及干燥该清洗残留的液体等多个工序。该装置可以简单高效地生产电池，从而使提高电池的装配效率。
在一些实施例中，注液装置500还包括：密封件拆装机构503，被配置为在将密封件3安装在外壳410’或盖体2上，或者将密封件3从外壳410’或盖体2上移除。
该实施例能够在电池装配和二次注液过程中方便地实现密封件3的拆装，从而提高拆装效率，并减小对密封件3的污染，提高密封件3的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，盖体拆装机构502还被配置为旋转盖体2从第一位置至第二位置，使限位部22与容纳部12沿通孔11的周向错位，以将盖体2与外壳410’分离。
该装置能够灵活方便地辅助实现在电池生产装配和二次注液过程中盖体2的拆装，操作简单，从而使提高电池的装配效率，并缩短电池在二次注液时所需的维护时间，使得电池在出现性能下降时可及时补液，以保证电池的工作性能。
在一些实施例中，密封件拆装机构503还被配置为在盖体2与外壳410’分离之后，将密封件3从外壳或盖体2上移除。
该实施例能够方便地将密封件3从外壳410’或盖体2上移除，以方便地将外壳410’内的电解液倒出，以免将电解液流到密封件3上，可使密封件3保持清洁，提高使用寿命。
本申请上述各保护主题以及各实施例中的特征之间可以相互借鉴，在结构允许的情况下，本领域技术人员也可对不同实施例中的技术特征灵活组合，以形成更多的实施例。
以上对本申请所提供的一种电池端盖组件、电池及使用电池的装置进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体的实施例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请原理的前提下，还可以对本申请进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本申请权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (33)

  1. 一种端盖组件(10)，用于二次电池(400)，所述端盖组件(10)包括：
    端盖(10’)，设有用于注入电解液的通孔(11)和容纳部(12)，所述容纳部(12)位于所述端盖(10’)远离壳体(40)的一侧且沿所述通孔(11)的周向设置；
    密封件(3)，用于密封所述通孔(11)；以及
    盖体(2)，用于覆盖至少部分所述密封件(3)，所述盖体(2)被配置为可旋转的，且包括限位部(22)；
    其中，在所述盖体(2)旋转至第一位置时，所述限位部(22)位于所述容纳部(12)内以限制所述盖体(2)与所述端盖(10’)分离；在所述盖体(2)旋转至第二位置时，所述限位部(22)与所述容纳部(12)沿所述通孔(11)的周向错位，以实现所述盖体(2)与所述端盖(10’)的分离。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述盖体(2)还包括主体部(21)，用于覆盖至少部分所述密封件(3)，且所述限位部(22)连接于所述主体部(21)并沿所述通孔(11)的径向延伸。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述限位部(22)设置有多个，多个所述限位部(22)沿所述主体部(21)的周向分隔设置。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述端盖(10’)还包括引导部(13)，与所述容纳部(12)连通，且所述限位部(22)被配置为经所述引导部(13)进入所述容纳部(12)，或者经所述引导部(13)与所述端盖(10’)分离。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述容纳部(12)截面形状为C形或V形。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述容纳部(12)包括第一限位壁(12A)、与所述第一限位壁(12A)相对设置的第二限位壁(12B)以及用于连接所述第一限位壁(12A)与所述第二限位壁(12B)的侧壁(12C)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，在所述盖体(2)旋转至所述第一位置时，所述第一限位壁(12A)与所述限位部(22)相抵，以限制所述盖体(2)与所述端盖(10’)分离。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述限位部(22)、第一限位壁(12A)和所述第二限位壁(12B)的至少一个设有斜面(123)，被配置为引导所述 限位部(22)进入所述容纳部(12)。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述端盖(10’)包括端盖主体(1)和安装部件(4)，所述安装部件(4)设置于所述端盖主体(1)的表面，且环绕所述通孔(11)设置，所述容纳部(12)设置于所述安装部件(4)或所述容纳部(12)由所述安装部件(4)与所述端盖主体(1)围合形成。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的端盖组件，所述端盖主体(1)远离所述壳体(40)的表面设有第一凹槽(15)，所述安装部件(4)固定于所述第一凹槽(15)内。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述容纳部(12)形成于所述安装部件(4)的内侧壁上，所述盖体(2)还包括主体部(21)，用于覆盖至少部分所述密封件(3)，且所述主体部(21)位于所述安装部件(4)环绕所述通孔(11)形成的开口(14)中，所述开口(14)与所述容纳部(12)连通，所述限位部(22)连接于在所述主体部(21)的外侧壁上并沿所述通孔(11)的径向延伸。
  12. 根据权利要求9或10所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述容纳部(12)形成于所述安装部件(4)的外侧壁上，所述盖体(2)还包括主体部(21)，用于覆盖至少部分所述密封件(3)，所述主体部(21)套设在所述安装部件(4)外，所述限位部(22)连接于在所述主体部(21)的内侧壁上并沿所述通孔(11)的径向延伸。
  13. 根据权利要求1-9任一所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述端盖(10’)上还设有环绕所述通孔(11)的开口(14)，且所述开口(14)位于所述通孔(11)远离所述壳体(40)的一侧，所述容纳部(12)形成于所述开口(14)的侧壁上，所述盖体(2)还包括主体部(21)，用于覆盖至少部分所述密封件(3)，且所述主体部(21)位于所述开口(14)中，所述限位部(22)连接于在所述主体部(21)的外侧壁上并沿所述通孔(11)的径向延伸。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述容纳部(12)内设有止挡部(122)，被配置为限制所述限位部(22)的最大旋转行程。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述限位部(22)与所述容纳部(12)之间设有限位结构，被配置为限制所述盖体(2)处于第一位置时与所述容纳部(12)错位分离。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述限位结构包括：
    限位开口(221)，设在所述限位部(22)和所述容纳部(12)的其中一个上；和
    凸出部(121)，与所述限位开口(221)卡合，设在所述限位部(22)和所述容 纳部(12)的另一个上。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16任一项所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，沿所述通孔(11)轴向的投影，所述密封件(3)的最大直径大于所述通孔(11)的最小直径。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17任一项所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述密封件(3)包括密封柱(31)和连接在所述密封柱(31)一端的止推台(32)，所述止推台(32)沿径向设置，所述密封柱(31)插入所述通孔(11)内，所述止推台(32)抵靠在所述端盖(10’)上。
  19. 根据权利要求1-18任一项所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，从所述第一位置旋转至第二位置所述盖体(2)旋转角度小于180度。
  20. 根据权利要求1-19任一项所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述盖体(2)与所述密封件(3)接触，所述密封件(3)与所述盖体(2)接触表面的摩擦系数小于所述密封件(3)与所述端盖(10’)接触表面的摩擦系数。
  21. 根据权利要求1-20任一项所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，在所述通孔(11)的轴向上，所述盖体(2)和所述端盖(10’)中的至少一个与所述密封件(3)接触的面上设有凸起部(213)，所述盖体(2)抵压所述密封件(3)以使所述密封件(3)与所述凸起部(213)抵压。
  22. 一种外壳组件(410)，用于二次电池，包括：
    外壳(410’)，所述外壳(410’)的侧壁上设有用于注入电解液的通孔(11)以及容纳部(12)，所述容纳部(12)位于所述外壳(410’)远离所述外壳(410’)内部的一侧且沿所述通孔(11)的周向设置；
    密封件(3)，用于密封所述通孔(11)；
    盖体(2)，用于覆盖至少部分所述密封件(3)，所述盖体(2)被配置为可旋转的，且包括限位部(22)；
    其中，在所述盖体(2)旋转至第一位置时，所述限位部(22)位于所述容纳部(12)内以限制所述盖体(2)与所述外壳(410’)分离；在所述盖体(2)旋转至第二位置时，所述限位部(22)与所述容纳部(12)沿所述通孔(11)的周向错位，以实现所述盖体(2)与所述外壳(410’)的分离。
  23. 一种二次电池(400)，包括：
    壳体(40)和权利要求1～21任一所述的端盖组件(10)，所述端盖组件(10)覆盖所述壳体(40)开口形成所述二次电池(400)的外壳组件(410)；或者
    权利要求22所述的外壳组件(410)。
  24. 一种电池组(200)，包括多个权利要求23所述的二次电池(400)。
  25. 一种使用电池的装置，包括权利要求23所述的二次电池(400)，其中所述二次电池(400)用于提供电能。
  26. 一种二次电池的注液方法，包括：
    通过二次电池(400)的外壳(410’)上的通孔(11)注入电解液；
    将盖体(2)放置于所述外壳(410’)上，所述盖体(2)覆盖至少部分密封件(3)，其中，所述盖体(2)被放置在第二位置，所述盖体(2)的限位部(22)与所述外壳(410’)远离所述外壳(410’)内的一侧的容纳部(12)沿所述通孔(11)的周向错位；和
    旋转所述盖体(2)从所述第二位置至第一位置，使所述限位部(22)进入所述容纳部(12)内，以限制所述盖体(2)与所述外壳(410’)分离。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的注液方法，其中在将所述盖体(2)放置于所述外壳(410’)上之前，所述注液方法还包括：
    将所述密封件(3)安装在所述外壳(410’)或所述盖体(2)上。
  28. 根据权利要求26或27所述的注液方法，还包括：
    旋转所述盖体(2)从所述第一位置至所述第二位置，使所述限位部(22)与所述容纳部(12)沿所述通孔(11)的周向错位；和
    将所述盖体(2)与所述外壳(410’)分离。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的注液方法，其中在将所述盖体(2)与所述外壳(410’)分离之后，所述注液方法还包括：
    将所述密封件(3)从所述外壳(410’)或所述盖体(2)上移除。
  30. 一种注液装置(500)，用于二次电池(400)，包括：
    注液机构(501)，被配置为将电解液通过设在外壳(410’)上的通孔(11)注入所述外壳(410’)内；和
    盖体拆装机构(502)，被配置为在盖体(2)放置于所述外壳(410’)上处于第二位置，且所述盖体(2)覆盖至少部分密封件(3)的状态下，旋转所述盖体(2)从所述第二位置至第一位置，以使所述盖体(2)上的限位部(22)进入所述容纳部(12)内，限制所述盖体(2)与所述外壳(410’)分离；其中，在所述第二位置，所述限位部(22)与所述容纳部(12)沿所述通孔(11)的周向错位。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述注液装置，还包括：
    密封件拆装机构(503)，被配置为在将密封件(3)安装在所述外壳(410’)或所述盖体(2)上，或者将所述密封件(3)从所述外壳(410’)或所述盖体(2)上移除。
  32. 根据权利要求30或31所述注液装置，其中，所述盖体拆装机构(502)还被配置为旋转所述盖体(2)从所述第一位置至所述第二位置，使所述限位部(22)与所述容纳部(12)沿所述通孔(11)的周向错位，以将所述盖体(2)与所述外壳(410’)分离。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述注液装置，其中，所述密封件拆装机构(503)还被配置为在所述盖体(2)与所述外壳(410’)分离之后，将密封件(3)从所述外壳(410’)或所述盖体(2)上移除。
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