WO2022099932A1 - 端盖组件、电池单体及排气方法、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

端盖组件、电池单体及排气方法、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022099932A1
WO2022099932A1 PCT/CN2021/073160 CN2021073160W WO2022099932A1 WO 2022099932 A1 WO2022099932 A1 WO 2022099932A1 CN 2021073160 W CN2021073160 W CN 2021073160W WO 2022099932 A1 WO2022099932 A1 WO 2022099932A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust
elastic member
hole
end cap
cover plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/073160
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李全坤
陈文伟
Original Assignee
江苏时代新能源科技有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 江苏时代新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 江苏时代新能源科技有限公司
Priority to EP21890470.4A priority Critical patent/EP4064425A4/en
Priority to JP2022543122A priority patent/JP2023511865A/ja
Priority to KR1020227033638A priority patent/KR20220145396A/ko
Publication of WO2022099932A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022099932A1/zh
Priority to US17/872,181 priority patent/US11705610B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/591—Covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/325—Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
    • H01M50/193—Organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/358—External gas exhaust passages located on the battery cover or case
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/392—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases with means for neutralising or absorbing electrolyte; with means for preventing leakage of electrolyte through vent holes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of batteries, and in particular, to an end cap assembly, a battery cell, an exhaust method, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • a commonly used battery cell usually includes a case, an electrode assembly accommodated in the case, and an end cap assembly fixed to the case, wherein the battery cell may also be called a secondary battery, for example, a lithium ion battery, the case It is generally a hollow cavity with an opening, and the end cap assembly and the casing are combined at the opening of the casing to form a sealed receiving cavity for accommodating the electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly undergoes multiple charge and discharge cycles, and the gas in the containment cavity will inevitably continue to increase, and the continuous increase of the air pressure in the containment cavity will seriously affect the life and safety of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell has very high requirements for the sealing of the structure.
  • the battery cell can only perform internal gas exhaust once.
  • the set safety device for example, an explosion-proof valve
  • the battery life will also end.
  • the present application provides an end cap assembly, a battery cell and an exhaust method, a battery and an electrical device, which can realize multiple exhausting of the battery cell and avoid leakage of electrolyte, and can effectively avoid the battery cell.
  • the air pressure inside the body is too high, which increases the service life of the battery cell.
  • a first aspect of the present application provides an end cap assembly for closing a casing of a battery cell, comprising:
  • the end cover plate is provided with an exhaust hole, and the exhaust hole penetrates the end cover plate along its own axial direction;
  • the exhaust device is installed in the exhaust hole, the exhaust device includes a columnar part, a first limit part, a second limit part, a first elastic part and a second elastic part, the columnar part passes through the exhaust hole, and the first limit The position part and the second limit part surround the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical part, and are respectively located on the outer and inner sides of the end cover plate along the axial direction of the exhaust hole; the first elastic part is located between the first limit part and the end cover plate, and the second The two elastic members are located between the second limiting portion and the end cover;
  • the second elastic member When the exhaust device is in a normal state, the second elastic member is in sealing contact with the second limit portion and the end cover plate respectively, so that the exhaust hole is in a sealed state; when the exhaust device is subjected to a force towards the end cover plate, the first The limiting portion and the second limiting portion are configured to generate the same displacement, the first elastic member is at least partially compressed and the second elastic member is at least partially released, so as to release the sealing of the exhaust hole by the second elastic member, so that the housing The inside and outside are in gas communication through the exhaust hole.
  • the exhaust device can seal the exhaust hole under normal conditions to prevent the gas circulation inside and outside the battery cell.
  • the sealing of the exhaust device on the exhaust hole is released, so that the inside and the outside of the casing of the battery cell are in gas communication through the exhaust hole, and the exhaust is exhausted.
  • the exhaust device can return to the normal state, the exhaust hole is sealed to avoid leakage of electrolyte, and the battery cell can continue to be used.
  • first exhaust gap between the cylindrical portion and the hole wall of the exhaust hole, and the first exhaust gap communicates the inner and outer air of the end cap plate.
  • the gas in the casing is directly exhausted after passing through the first exhaust gap, thereby realizing the exhaust of the battery cells.
  • a clearance fit is formed between the columnar portion and the exhaust hole to form a first exhaust gap.
  • the first limiting portion has an installation through hole, and the column portion is inserted into the mounting through hole and is fixedly connected with the first limiting portion;
  • a second exhaust gap is provided between the first limiting part and the columnar part, and the inside and the outside of the end cover plate are in gas communication via the first exhaust gap and the second exhaust gap.
  • the gas in the casing passes through the first exhaust gap and enters the second exhaust gap, and is exhausted to the outside of the battery cell through the second exhaust gap, so as to realize the safety of the battery cell. exhaust.
  • the first limiting portion and the cylindrical portion are gap-fitted to form the second exhaust gap.
  • the second exhaust gap is a concave portion formed in a hole wall of the mounting through hole, and the concave portion is concavely disposed in a direction away from the columnar portion.
  • Forming the recessed portion of the hole wall of the mounting through hole into the second exhaust gap can increase the exhaust volume of the battery cell.
  • the first limiting portion is provided with a first groove, the first groove is disposed around the circumference of the installation through hole, and the column portion is at least partially located in the first groove.
  • the end cover plate is provided with a second groove at a position corresponding to the second elastic member, the second groove is disposed around the periphery of the exhaust hole, and the second elastic member is at least partially located in the second groove.
  • the arrangement of the second groove can reduce the volume in the casing occupied by the exhaust device, so that the volume of the battery cell is further reduced.
  • the materials of the first elastic member and the second elastic member are both fluororubber.
  • Fluorine rubber is a rubber material with high stability and high temperature resistance, which enables the second elastic member to completely seal the first exhaust gap, and enables the first elastic member to ensure the first limit portion and the end cover plate in a compressed state. sealed between.
  • a battery cell including an electrode assembly, a housing, and the end cap assembly of the above embodiments;
  • the casing is a hollow cavity with an opening, and the end cap assembly and the casing are combined at the opening to form a space for accommodating the electrode assembly.
  • a battery including the battery cells of the above embodiments.
  • a device using a battery including the battery of the above embodiments.
  • a fifth aspect of the present application provides a method for venting a battery cell, including:
  • a force towards the end cover plate is applied to the exhaust device, so that the first limit part and the second limit part have the same displacement, and the first elastic member is at least partially compressed and the second elastic member is at least partially released to release the
  • the second elastic member seals the vent hole on the end cover, so that the inside and the outside of the housing of the battery cell are in gas communication through the vent hole;
  • the exhaust device After removing the force exerted on the exhaust device, the exhaust device returns to the normal state, and the second elastic member is in sealing contact with the second limiting portion and the end cover plate respectively, so that the exhaust hole is in a sealed state.
  • the force exerted on the exhaust device is exerted on the first limit portion.
  • the first limit portion and the second limit portion are configured to generate the same displacement, and the force causes the compression degree of the first elastic member and the second elastic member to be changed , so that the position of the exhaust device relative to the end cover plate changes, the first elastic member is at least partially compressed and the second elastic member is at least partially released, thereby releasing the second elastic member from sealing the exhaust hole.
  • the force exerted on the exhaust is parallel to the axial direction of the exhaust hole.
  • the force exerted on the exhaust device is parallel to the axial direction of the exhaust hole, which can prevent friction between the columnar part and the hole wall of the exhaust hole.
  • the exhaust device can discharge the exhaust gas under normal conditions.
  • the hole is sealed to prevent the flow of gas inside and outside the battery cell, and when the exhaust device is required to be exhausted, a force is applied to the exhaust device towards the end cover plate, so as to release the exhaust device from the exhaust hole.
  • the inside and outside of the shell of the body are connected with the gas through the exhaust hole. After the exhaust is completed, the force acting on the exhaust device is removed, and the exhaust device can return to the normal state, and the exhaust hole is sealed to avoid leakage of electrolyte. Monomers can continue to be used.
  • the end cap assembly in the present application when used for a battery cell, multiple exhausts of the battery cell can be realized, and the battery cell will not be permanently damaged, thus ensuring the use safety of the battery cell. At the same time, the service life of the battery cell is improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a partially exploded structure of a battery cell in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic top view of the end cap assembly in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the end cap assembly in the direction A-A in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 is a partially exploded schematic view of the exhaust device and the end cover in the area B of FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of an exhaust device and an end cover in a normal state along the direction of the hole axis of the exhaust hole according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the exhaust device and the end cover along the direction of the hole axis of the exhaust hole when the exhaust device and the end cover are subjected to a force F and are displaced according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between the columnar portion and the second limiting portion according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the columnar part after the pier is thickened to form a riveted structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a first limiting portion without a first groove according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a first groove provided in the first limiting portion according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method for venting a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrical device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • a physical connection can be a fixed connection, such as a fixed connection through a fastener, such as a fixed connection through screws, bolts or other fasteners; a physical connection can also be a detachable connection, such as Mutual snap connection or snap connection; the physical connection can also be an integral connection, for example, welding, bonding or integrally forming a connection for connection.
  • it may be directly connected, that is, physically connected, or indirectly connected through at least one intermediate element.
  • the signal connection can also refer to the signal connection through a media medium, such as radio waves, in addition to the signal connection through the circuit.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic diagram of a partially exploded structure of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the application, wherein the battery cell can be a secondary battery or a primary battery, such as a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium ion primary battery, Lithium sulfur battery, sodium lithium ion battery or magnesium ion battery, but not limited thereto.
  • the battery cells can be cylindrical, flat, rectangular, or other shapes.
  • a plurality of battery cells may be stacked together, for example, a plurality of battery cells may be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery module or battery pack or battery pack, wherein the mixed battery Refers to a combination of series and parallel.
  • a battery module or a battery pack or a battery pack may be referred to as a battery.
  • the battery cell includes an outer casing and one or more electrode assemblies 40 placed in the outer casing.
  • the outer casing includes an end cap assembly 1 and a casing 20.
  • the casing is a hollow cavity.
  • one surface of the casing 20 has an opening, that is, the The plane does not have a shell wall, so that the inside and outside of the shell 20 communicate with each other, so that the electrode assembly 40 can be accommodated in the shell 20.
  • the end cap assembly 1 is combined with the shell 20 at the opening of the shell 20 to form a hollow cavity.
  • the electrode assembly 40 After being placed in the casing, the casing is filled with electrolyte and sealed.
  • the casing 20 is determined according to the combined shape of one or more electrode assemblies 40 .
  • the casing 20 may be a hollow cuboid, a hollow cube, or a hollow cylinder.
  • one of the planes of the casing 20 is an open surface, that is, the plane does not have a casing wall so that the casing 20 communicates with the inside and the outside;
  • one of the circular side surfaces of the housing 20 is an open surface, that is, the circular side surface does not have a housing wall so that the housing 20 communicates with the inside and the outside.
  • the housing 20 may be made of metal material or plastic, and in some embodiments, the housing 20 may be made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic top view of the end cap assembly 1 in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the end cap assembly 1 in FIG. 2 along the A-A direction.
  • the cover assembly 1 includes an exhaust device 10 , an end cover plate 11 , two electrode terminals 12 and an insulator 14 .
  • the end cover plate 11 is substantially flat, and the end cover plate 11 is combined with the casing 20 at the opening of the casing 20 and covers
  • the opening of the casing 20 for example, the end cap 11 can be a metal plate, and is connected to the casing 20 by welding, so as to seal the electrode assembly 40 in the casing 20 .
  • the end cover plate 11 is provided with two through terminal holes, and the two electrode terminals 12 are arranged on the upper surface of the end cover plate 11 , wherein the upper surface of the end cover plate 11 is the surface of the end cover plate 11 away from the electrode assembly 40 , and The surface of the end cap plate 11 close to the electrode assembly 40 may be referred to as the lower surface of the end cap plate 11 .
  • Each electrode terminal 12 covers a corresponding terminal hole, and a sealing ring is provided between the end cover plate 11 and the electrode terminal 12, and the sealing of the terminal hole can be realized by compressing the sealing ring.
  • the two electrode terminals 12 are respectively a positive terminal and a negative terminal.
  • Each electrode terminal 12 is provided with a current collecting member 30 , and the current collecting member 30 is located between the end cap plate 11 and the electrode assembly 40 .
  • the insulator 14 is disposed on the lower surface of the end cap plate 11 to separate the end cap plate 11 from the electrode assembly 40 and reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • Each electrode assembly 40 has a positive electrode tab 41 and a negative electrode tab 42 , the positive electrode tab 41 of one or more electrode assemblies 40 is connected to the positive terminal through a current collecting member 30 , and the negative electrode tab of one or more electrode assemblies 40 42 is connected to the negative terminal through another current collecting member 30 .
  • an explosion-proof valve 13 may also be provided on the flat surface of the end cover plate 11 in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the explosion-proof valve 13 may be a part of the flat surface of the end cover plate 11 , or the end cover plate 11 is provided with an explosion-proof through hole, and the explosion-proof valve 13 is arranged on the end cover plate 11 and seals the explosion-proof through hole.
  • the explosion-proof valve 13 can cover the explosion-proof through hole and separate the inner space of the casing from the outside, so as to prevent the electrolyte in the casing from leaking through the explosion-proof through hole.
  • the explosion-proof valve 13 has a weak area. Compared with other areas of the explosion-proof valve 13 , the weak area has weaker strength and is more likely to be broken. In the embodiment of the present application, the weak area may be annular.
  • the strength of the weak region can be reduced by reducing the thickness of the weak region, for example, the thickness of the weak region is smaller than that of other regions of the explosion-proof valve 13 .
  • the explosion-proof valve 13 In a normal state, the explosion-proof valve 13 is tightly combined with the end cover plate 11, and the space formed by the casing is sealed and airtight.
  • FIG. 4 is a partially exploded schematic view of the exhaust device 10 and the end cover plate 11 in the area B of FIG. 3 .
  • the end cover plate 11 is provided with an exhaust hole 110 along its thickness direction.
  • the exhaust hole 110 penetrates the end cover plate 11 along its own axial direction, and the exhaust hole 110 can be cylindrical or prismatic. , the exhaust hole 110 in this embodiment of the present application is cylindrical.
  • the exhaust device 10 is installed in the exhaust hole 110 , and the exhaust device 10 includes a columnar part 101 , a first limit part 102 , a second limiter part 103 , a first elastic member 104 and a second elastic member 105 , and the columnar part 101 ,
  • the materials of the first limiting portion 102 and the second limiting portion 103 may be hard materials, such as metal materials or alloy materials.
  • the cylindrical portion 101 passes through the exhaust hole 110 and can move along the axial direction of the exhaust hole in the exhaust hole 110 .
  • the first limiting portion 102 and the second limiting portion 103 surround the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 101 and are respectively Located on the outer and inner sides of the end cover plate 11 along the axial direction of the exhaust hole 110 , the first elastic member 104 is located between the first limiting portion 102 and the end cover plate 11 , and the second elastic member 105 is located between the second limiting portion 103 and the end cover plate 11 . between the end caps 11 .
  • the outer side of the end cover plate 11 along the axial direction of the exhaust hole 110 refers to the side away from the electrode assembly 40 when the end cover plate 11 is assembled to the battery cell
  • the inner side of the end cover plate 11 along the axial direction of the exhaust hole 110 refers to the side away from the electrode assembly 40 when the end cover plate 11 is assembled to the battery cell
  • the positions of the components of the exhaust device 10 and the end cover plate 11 may be in order.
  • the order is: the first limiting portion 102 , the first elastic member 104 , the end cover plate 11 , the second elastic member 105 and the second limiting portion 103 , and the cylindrical portion 101 penetrates the end cover plate 11 axially along the exhaust hole 110 .
  • the two ends of the columnar portion 101 are respectively fixedly connected with the first limiting portion 102 and the second limiting portion 103, so that the first limiting portion 102, the second limiting portion 103 and the columnar portion 101 can be The same displacement occurs under external force.
  • the same displacement mentioned in this embodiment refers to generating the same moving distance in the same direction.
  • the second elastic member 105 is in sealing contact with the second limiting portion 103 and the end cover plate 11 respectively, so that the exhaust hole 110 is in a sealed state.
  • the fact that the exhaust device 10 in this embodiment is in a normal state means that when the distance between the first limiting portion 102 and the second limiting portion 103 is constant, and the thickness of the end cover plate 11 is constant, the first elastic member 104 is located between the first limiting portion 102 and the end cover plate 11 in a compressed state, the second elastic member 105 is located between the second limiting portion 103 and the end cover plate 11 in a compressed state, and the elastic force generated by the first elastic member 104 The elastic force generated by the second elastic member 105 is balanced with each other, so that the position of the exhaust device 10 relative to the end cover plate 11 is in a stable state.
  • the first limiting portion 102 and the second limiting portion 103 are configured to generate the same displacement, and the force F makes the first elastic member 104 and the degree of compression of the second elastic member 105 are changed, so that the position of the exhaust device 10 relative to the end cover plate 11 is changed, the first elastic member 104 is at least partially compressed and the second elastic member 105 is at least partially released, thereby The sealing of the exhaust hole 110 by the second elastic member 105 is released.
  • releasing the sealing of the second elastic member 105 to the exhaust hole 110 refers to a state in which the second elastic member 105 is released from the compression to the state that the exhaust hole 110 cannot be pressed against the exhaust hole 110 to seal the exhaust hole 110 .
  • FIG. 6 shows the state of the various components of the exhaust device 10 when the force F is applied, and the direction L in which the gas is discharged.
  • the inside and outside of the casing are in gas communication through the exhaust hole 110, and the air inside the casing of the battery cell is released to the outside through the exhaust hole 110, thereby reducing the air pressure inside the casing and preventing the explosion-proof valve of the battery cell. 13 is broken to cause permanent damage to the battery cells, while preventing the battery cells from exploding and causing safety accidents, extending the service life of the battery cells and improving the use safety of the battery cells.
  • the external force F applied to the exhaust device 10 is cancelled, so that the exhaust device 10 returns to the normal state shown in FIG. 5 under the elastic force of the first elastic member 104 and the second elastic member 105 .
  • the vent hole 110 is sealed to prevent the electrolyte in the casing from flowing out, and the battery cells can continue to be used.
  • the external force F applied to the exhaust device 10 may specifically be a force applied to the first limiting portion 102 along the axial direction of the exhaust hole 110 , and the force may be composed of any tool applied.
  • the first exhaust gap 106 there is a first exhaust gap 106 between the columnar portion 101 and the hole wall of the exhaust hole 110 , and the first exhaust gap 106 makes the inside of the end cover plate 11 and the External air communication.
  • the first exhaust gap 106 is formed by clearance fit between the columnar portion 101 and the exhaust hole 110 .
  • the first exhaust gap 106 is annular.
  • 106 performs complete sealing
  • the second elastic member 105 is configured as an elastic sealing ring.
  • the material of the elastic sealing ring can be fluorine rubber, or can be a rubber material with high stability and high temperature resistance such as neoprene rubber or butadiene rubber.
  • the first elastic member 104 can be made of any material and shape that can balance the elastic force of the second elastic member 105.
  • the first elastic member 104 can be a spring that can be compressed along the axial direction of the cylindrical portion 101.
  • the sealing between the first limiting portion 102 and the end cover plate 11 cannot be achieved. Therefore, in the unsealed state of the first exhaust gap 106, the gas in the casing is directly discharged after passing through the first exhaust gap 106, so as to realize the battery Monolithic exhaust.
  • the first elastic member 104 can use an elastic sealing ring, such as an O-ring, and the material of the O-ring is fluorine rubber, or can be neoprene or butadiene rubber with high stability and high temperature resistance of rubber material.
  • an elastic sealing ring such as an O-ring
  • the material of the O-ring is fluorine rubber, or can be neoprene or butadiene rubber with high stability and high temperature resistance of rubber material.
  • the first elastic member 104 is an elastic sealing ring
  • the first elastic member 104 can seal between the first limiting portion 102 and the end cover plate 11 in a compressed state, therefore, in the first
  • a second exhaust gap 107 is provided between the limiting portion 102 and the columnar portion 101 , and the inside and the outside of the end cover plate 11 are in gas communication through the first exhaust gap 106 and the second exhaust gap 107 .
  • the gas in the casing passes through the first exhaust gap 106 and then enters the second exhaust gap 107, and is exhausted to the outside of the battery cell through the second exhaust gap 107, so as to realize the battery cell body exhaust.
  • the fixed connection between the columnar portion 101 and the first limiting portion 102 or the second limiting portion 103 may be integrally formed, riveted, welded, screwed, or bonded.
  • at least one of the first limiting portion 102 and the second limiting portion 103 forms a fixed connection between the last step of assembling the exhaust device 10 and the columnar portion 101 .
  • the second limiting portion 103 and the columnar portion 101 are integrally formed, or the second limiting portion 103 and the columnar portion 101 are welded or bonded, so that the second limiting portion 103 and the columnar portion 101 are welded or bonded together.
  • the position part 103 and the column part 101 are sealed and connected to prevent gas or electrolyte from circulating between the second position limit part 103 and the column part 101.
  • the combined shape of the second position limit part 103 and the column part 101 is as follows The T shape shown in Figure 7.
  • the cylindrical portion 101 is inserted through the second elastic member 105, the exhaust hole 110 and the first elastic member 104 in sequence, the second elastic member 105 can be in close contact with the circumference of the cylindrical portion 101, and the first elastic member 104 must be When compressed to the limit, there is still a gap with the columnar part 101 , so that gas communication can be achieved between the first exhaust gap 106 and the second exhaust gap 107 .
  • the first limiting part 102 is fixedly installed on the columnar part 101 , and the fixing method can be one of riveting, welding, bonding or screw connection, so as to complete the installation of the exhaust device 10 .
  • the fixing method can be one of riveting, welding, bonding or screw connection, so as to complete the installation of the exhaust device 10 .
  • the second exhaust gap 107 may be disposed between the first limiting portion 102 and the columnar portion 101 , as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the second exhaust gap 107 can also be a through hole opened on the columnar part 101 or a through hole opened on the first limiting part 102, as long as the two ends of the through hole can be respectively connected to the first exhaust gap 106 and the first exhaust gap 106 and the through hole. It is sufficient that the external gas of the battery cell is communicated.
  • the first limiting portion 102 and the columnar portion 101 are not integrally formed, that is, the first limiting portion 102 and the columnar portion are not integrally formed.
  • the 101 is connected by riveting, welding, bonding or screwing, and this connection method can form a gap for gas circulation between the first limiting part 102 and the columnar part 101 , that is, the second exhaust gap 107 .
  • the column portion 101 and the first limiting portion 102 are connected by riveting.
  • the first limiting portion 102 is provided with a mounting through hole. 1021
  • the columnar part 101 is inserted into the installation through hole 1021
  • the end of the columnar part 101 is thickened to form a rivet head 1011 , so as to prevent the first limiting part 102 from disengaging from the columnar part 101 .
  • the column portion 101 and the mounting through hole 1021 are gap-fitted to form the second exhaust gap 107 .
  • Figure 8 shows the structure after the columnar part is thickened.
  • the second exhaust gap 107 may also be a concave portion 107 ′ formed in the hole wall of the mounting through hole, and the concave portion 107 ′ is concave in the direction away from the columnar portion 101 . is arranged and extends from the side close to the first elastic member 104 to the side away from the second elastic member 105, the cross-sectional shape of the recessed portion 107' perpendicular to its extending direction may be a smooth arc, or may be composed of multiple line segments There are certain included angles between different line segments. For example, the cross-sectional shape of the concave portion 107 ′ shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 9 is a shape composed of three line segments and two right-angled included angles.
  • One or more concave portions 107' may be provided. When there are multiple concave portions 107', the plurality of concave portions 107' may be evenly distributed around the circumference of the mounting through hole 1021, so that the plurality of concave portions 107' can be installed around the mounting hole 1021.
  • the through holes 1021 are uniformly exhausted.
  • the first limiting portion 102 is provided with a first groove 1022 , and the A groove 1022 is arranged around the circumference of the mounting through hole 1021 , and the cylindrical portion 101 is at least partially displaced into the first groove 1022 , for example, the rivet head 1011 at the end of the cylindrical portion 101 is located in the first groove 1022 .
  • the thickening process it can be determined whether the columnar part 101 is properly thickened by observing the amount of the columnar part 101 sinking into the first groove 1022 .
  • the concave portion 107 ′ is not only provided on the hole wall of the mounting through hole 1021 , but also extends to the first groove 1022 On the groove wall of the first groove 1022, that is, when the concave portion 107' reaches the groove wall of the first groove 1022, it is concave in the direction of the groove wall of the first groove 1022 away from the columnar portion 101, so that the rivet head 1011 is even close to the groove wall of the first groove 1022.
  • the concave portion 107 ′ can still discharge the gas passing through the first exhaust gap 106 out of the battery cells, so as to ensure the smoothness of the exhaust of the exhaust device 10 .
  • a second groove 111 is formed at the corresponding position of the end cover plate 11 and the second elastic member 105 .
  • the second groove 111 is arranged around the periphery of the exhaust hole 110 , and the second elastic member 105 is at least located in In the second groove 111 , the second limiting portion 103 can also be at least partially located in the second groove 111 .
  • the shape of the second groove 111 is adapted to the second limiting portion 103.
  • the second limiting portion 103 is cylindrical
  • the second groove 111 is a cylindrical groove with a diameter larger than that of the second limiting portion 103, or two
  • the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction is polygonal, but the contour of the second groove 111 needs to be larger than the contour of the second limiting portion 103, so as to ensure that the second limiting portion 103 can be free under the action of the first elastic member 104. Squeeze the second elastic member 105 to ensure the sealing effect of the second elastic member 105 on the first exhaust gap 106 .
  • the provision of the second groove 111 can reduce the volume in the casing occupied by the exhaust device 10, so that the volume of the battery cell is further reduced.
  • the end cover plate 11 with the exhaust hole 110 and the exhaust device 10 are provided, and the exhaust device 10 is installed on the exhaust hole on the end cover plate 11 .
  • the exhaust device 10 can seal the exhaust hole 110 under normal conditions to prevent the circulation of substances (electrolyte and gas, etc.) inside and outside the battery cell, and when the exhaust device 10 needs to be exhausted, it can be applied to the exhaust device 10.
  • the force towards the end cap plate 11 releases the sealing of the exhaust hole 110 by the exhaust device 10 , so that the inside and the outside of the casing of the battery cell are in gas communication through the exhaust hole 110 .
  • the exhaust device 10 can return to the normal state, and the exhaust hole 110 is sealed to avoid leakage of electrolyte, and the battery cells can continue to be used.
  • FIG. 11 another embodiment of the present application is a flowchart of a method for venting a battery cell in the above-mentioned embodiment, and the venting method includes:
  • the force F exerted on the exhaust device 10 may specifically be the force F exerted on the first limiting portion 102 by any tool.
  • the force F applied to the exhaust device 10 may be specifically parallel or substantially parallel to the axis of the exhaust hole 110 The force F in the direction.
  • the battery 200 including the battery cells of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application also has the advantage of prolonging the service life of the battery 200 while ensuring the use safety of the battery 200 .
  • the battery 200 includes a first case 201 , a second case 202 and a plurality of battery modules 300 , wherein the first case is 201 and the second box body 202 are fastened to each other, and a plurality of battery modules 300 are arranged in the space enclosed by the first box body 201 and the second box body 202 .
  • the first case 201 and the second case 202 are hermetically connected.
  • the battery module 300 includes a plurality of battery cells, and the plurality of battery cells can be electrically connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection to achieve a larger current or voltage. Parallel combination.
  • the battery cells can be placed vertically, the height direction of the battery cells is consistent with the vertical direction, and a plurality of battery cells are arranged side by side along the width direction; or, the battery cells can be placed horizontally, and the battery cells
  • the width direction of the battery cell is consistent with the vertical direction, and a plurality of battery cells can be stacked in at least one layer along the width direction, and each layer includes a plurality of battery cells arranged along the length direction.
  • a plurality of batteries are connected to each other and then combined into a battery pack for supplying power to the electrical device.
  • the battery pack can also be accommodated in a box and packaged.
  • Another embodiment of the present application further provides a device for using a battery, including the battery in the above-mentioned embodiments, wherein the battery 200 used by the electric device can be the battery 200 described in the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 12 , which is omitted here.
  • the battery provides electrical energy for the electric device, and drives the electric device to travel through the motor.
  • the device may be an electric car, an electric train, an electric bicycle, a golf cart, a ship, etc., and the electric device may be a device powered only by the battery of the above-mentioned embodiment, or a hybrid device.
  • the electrical device can be a car
  • the car can be a fuel car, a gas car or a new energy car
  • the new energy car can be a pure Electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • the car includes a battery 200 , a controller 210 and a motor 220 .
  • the battery 200 is used for supplying power to the controller 210 and the motor 220 as the operating power and driving power of the vehicle.
  • the battery 200 is used for starting, navigating and running the vehicle.
  • the battery 200 supplies power to the controller 210, the controller 210 controls the battery 200 to supply power to the motor 220, and the motor 220 receives and uses the power of the battery 200 as a driving power source for the vehicle, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

一种端盖组件（1）、电池单体及排气方法、电池及用电装置，涉及电池领域。其中，端盖组件（1）包括：端盖板（11），设有排气孔（110），排气孔（110）贯穿端盖板（11）；排气装置（10），安装于排气孔（110），排气装置（10）包括柱状部（101）、第一限位部（102）、第二限位部（103）、第一弹性件（104）和第二弹性件（105），柱状部（101）穿过排气孔（110），第一限位部（102）和第二限位部（103）分别位于端盖板（11）的外侧和内侧，第一弹性件（104）位于第一限位部（102）和端盖板（11）之间，第二弹性件（105）位于第二限位部（103）和端盖板（11）之间；当排气装置（10）处于常态时，排气孔（110）处于密封状态；当排气装置（10）受到朝向端盖板（11）的作用力时，壳体（20）的内部与外部经由排气孔（110）气体连通。通过设置排气装置（10），可以实现电池单体的多次排气，提升电池单体的使用安全性和延长使用寿命。

Description

端盖组件、电池单体及排气方法、电池及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2020年11月16日提交的名称为“端盖组件、电池单体及排气方法、电池及用电装置”的中国专利申请202011276284.9的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请实施方式涉及电池领域，尤其涉及一种端盖组件、电池单体及排气方法、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
目前，常用的电池单体通常包括壳体、收容于壳体内的电极组件以及固定于壳体的端盖组件，其中，电池单体也可以称为二次电池，例如，锂离子电池，壳体一般为中空腔体，具有开口，端盖组件和壳体结合于壳体的开口处，形成用于收容电极组件的密封收容腔。
电极组件在使用过程中，多次经历充放电循环，收容腔内的气体不可避免会持续增多，收容腔的气压持续升高对电池单体寿命与安全造成严重影响。
同时，电池单体对结构的封闭性要求非常高，在使用过程中不能有电解液外渗，污染周围空气和环境；也不能有水汽进入电池单体内部，与电解液反应，降低电芯寿命。
因此，在一些情形下，电池单体只能进行一次内部气体排气，当电池单体内部产气过高时，设置的安全装置(例如，防爆阀)爆破，缓解内部气压，避免安全事故出现，但电芯的寿命也将终结。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供了一种端盖组件、电池单体及排气方法、电池及用电装置，可以实现电池单体的多次排气且能避免电解液泄露，能有效避免电池单体内部气压过高，提升电池单体的使用寿命。
本申请的第一方面提供了一种端盖组件，用于封闭电池单体的壳体，其包括：
端盖板，设有排气孔，排气孔沿自身轴向贯穿端盖板；
排气装置，安装于排气孔，排气装置包括柱状部、第一限位部、第二限位部、第一弹性件和第二弹性件，柱状部穿过排气孔，第一限位部和第二限位部环绕柱状部的外周面，并分别位于端盖板沿排气孔轴向的外侧和内侧，第一弹性件位于第一限位部和端盖板之间，第二弹性件位于第二限位部和端盖板之间；
当排气装置处于常态时，第二弹性件分别与第二限位部、端盖板密封接触以使得排气孔处于密封状态；当排气装置受到朝向端盖板的作用力时，第一限位部和第二限位部被配置为产生相同位移，第一弹性件至少部分被压缩和第二弹性件至少部分被释放，以解除第二弹性件对排气孔的密封，使得壳体的内部与外部经由排气孔气体连通。
本申请提供的端盖组件，通过设置具有排气孔的端盖板和排气装置，排气装置在常态下能够将排气孔密封以阻止电池单体内部和外部的气体流通，而在需要排气时，通过给排气装置施加朝向端盖板的作用力，从而解除排气装置对排气孔的密封，使得电池单体的壳体的内部与外部经由排气孔气体连通，排气结束后，去除作用在排气装置上的力，排气装置又可以回归常态，将排气孔密封，避免电解液泄露，电池单体可继续使用。
在一些实施例中，柱状部与排气孔的孔壁之间具有第一排气间隙，第一排气间隙使端盖板的内部和外部气体连通。
因此，在第一排气间隙非密封状态下，外壳内的气体经过第一排气间隙后直接排出，从而实现电池单体的排气。
在一些实施例中，柱状部与排气孔之间间隙配合以形成第一排气间隙。
在一些实施例中，第一限位部具有安装通孔，柱状部插入安装通孔内，并与第一限位部固定连接；
第一限位部与柱状部之间设有第二排气间隙，端盖板的内部和外部之间经由第一排气间隙和第二排气间隙气体连通。
因此，在第一排气间隙非密封状态下，外壳内的气体经过第一排气间隙后进入第二排气间隙，并通过第二排气间隙排出到电池单体外部，实现电池单体的排气。
在一些实施例中，第一限位部与柱状部之间间隙配合以形成第二排气间隙。
在一些实施例中，第二排气间隙为形成于安装通孔的孔壁的凹陷部，凹陷部朝远离柱状部的方向凹陷设置。
将安装通孔的孔壁的凹陷部形成第二排气间隙可以增大电池单体的排气量。
在一些实施例中，第一限位部设有第一凹槽，第一凹槽围绕安装通孔周圈设置，柱 状部至少部分位于第一凹槽内。
通过观察柱状部陷入第一凹槽内的量，能够判断出柱状部是否墩粗到位。同时，当柱状部的端部位于第一凹槽内时，柱状部端部与第一限位部上表面之间为平面，电池单体整体的体积减小，而且外壳表面更加平整美观。
在一些实施例中，端盖板与第二弹性件对应位置设有第二凹槽，第二凹槽围绕排气孔周圈设置，第二弹性件至少部分位于第二凹槽内。
第二凹槽的设置可以减小排气装置占用的外壳内的体积，使得电池单体的体积进一步减小。
在一些实施例中，第一弹性件和第二弹性件的材质均为氟橡胶。
氟橡胶为稳定性高、耐高温的橡胶材质，能够使第二弹性件对第一排气间隙进行完整的密封，能够使第一弹性件在压缩状态下保证第一限位部与端盖板之间密封。
本申请的第二方面，提供了一种电池单体，包括电极组件、壳体以及上述实施例的端盖组件；
壳体为具有开口的中空腔体，端盖组件与壳体结合于开口处以形成收容电极组件的空间。
本申请的第三方面，提供了一种电池，包括上述实施例的电池单体。
本申请的第四方面，提供了一种使用电池的装置，包括上述实施例的电池。
本申请的第五方面，提供了一种电池单体的排气方法，包括：
向排气装置施加朝向端盖板的作用力，使第一限位部和第二限位部产生相同位移，并且第一弹性件至少部分被压缩和第二弹性件至少部分被释放，以解除第二弹性件对端盖板上的排气孔的密封，使得电池单体的壳体的内部与外部经由排气孔气体连通；
移除施加在排气装置上的作用力，排气装置回归常态，第二弹性件分别与第二限位部、端盖板密封接触以使得排气孔处于密封状态。
在一些实施例中，施加在排气装置上的作用力施加在第一限位部上。
当排气装置受到朝向端盖板的作用力时，第一限位部和第二限位部被配置为产生相同位移，该作用力使得第一弹性件和第二弹性件的压缩程度被改变，从而使得排气装置相对端盖板的位置发生改变，第一弹性件至少部分被压缩和第二弹性件至少部分被释放，从而解除第二弹性件对排气孔的密封。
在一些实施例中，施加在排气装置上的作用力平行于排气孔的轴向。
施加在排气装置上的作用力平行于排气孔的轴向，可以防止柱状部与排气孔的孔壁之间产生摩擦。
本申请提供的端盖组件，通过设置具有排气孔的端盖板和排气装置，并将排气装置 安装在端盖板上的排气孔内，排气装置在常态下能够将排气孔密封以阻止电池单体内部和外部的气体流通，而在需要排气时，通过给排气装置施加朝向端盖板的作用力，从而解除排气装置对排气孔的密封，使得电池单体的壳体的内部与外部经由排气孔气体连通，排气结束后，去除作用在排气装置上的力，排气装置又可以回归常态，将排气孔密封，避免电解液泄露，电池单体可继续使用。因此，使用本申请中的端盖组件用于电池单体时，可以实现电池单体的多次排气，并且不会对电池单体产生永久性的破坏，在保证电池单体的使用安全性的同时，提升电池单体的使用寿命。
上述说明仅是本申请实施例技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请实施例的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请实施例的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本申请一实施例中电池单体的部分分解结构示意图。
图2为图1中端盖组件的俯视放大示意图。
图3为图2中端盖组件沿A-A方向的截面结构示意图。
图4为图3中B区域的排气装置和端盖的部分分解示意图。
图5为本申请一实施例的排气装置与端盖在常态下的沿排气孔的孔轴线方向的截面结构示意图。
图6为本申请一实施例的排气装置与端盖在受到作用力F并产生位移的状态下的沿排气孔的孔轴线方向的截面结构示意图。
图7为本申请一实施例的柱状部与第二限位部连接结构示意图。
图8为本申请一实施例的柱状部墩粗后形成铆接结构时的结构示意图。
图9为本申请一实施例的第一限位部无第一凹槽的结构示意图。
图10为本申请一实施例的第一限位部设置第一凹槽的结构示意图。
图11为本申请一实施例的电池单体的排气方法流程图。
图12为本申请一实施例的电池的结构示意图。
图13为本申请一实施例的电池模块的结构示意图。
图14为本申请一实施例的用电装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖而不排除其它的内容。单词“一”或“一个”并不排除存在多个。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是指两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语“实施例”并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，机械结构的“相连”或“连接”可以是指物理上的连接，例如，物理上的连接可以是固定连接，例如通过固定件固定连接，例如通过螺丝、螺栓或其它固定件固定连接；物理上的连接也可以是可拆卸连接，例如相互卡接或卡合连接；物理上的连接也可以是一体地连接，例如，焊接、粘接或一体成型形成连接进行连接。电路结构的“相连”或“连接”除了可以是指物理上的连接，还可以是指电连接或信号连接，例如，可以是直接相连，即物理连接，也可以通过中间至少一个元件间接相连，只要达到电路相通即可，还可以是两个元件内部的连通；信号连接除了可以通过电路进行信号连接外，也可以是指通过媒体介质进行信号连接，例如，无线电波。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本说明书的描述中，需要理解的是，本申请实施例所描述的“上”、“下”等方位词是以附图所示的角度来进行描述的，不应理解为对本申请实施例的限定。
此外，本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是 用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序，可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。下面通过具体的实施例并结合附图对本申请做进一步的详细描述。
如图1所示，为本申请一实施例的一种电池单体的部分分解结构示意图，其中的电池单体可以为二次电池或一次电池，例如锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。在本申请的另一实施例中，多个电池单体可以叠加在一起，例如，多个电池单体可以相互串联、并联或混联组成电池模组或电池组或电池包，其中，混联是指串联和并联的组合。为描述简洁，本文中，电池模组或电池组或电池包均可以称为电池。
电池单体包括外壳和放置于外壳内的一个或多个电极组件40，外壳包括端盖组件1和壳体20，外壳为中空腔体，例如，壳体20的其中一个面具有开口，即该平面不具有壳体壁而使得壳体20内外相通，以便电极组件40可以收容于壳体20内，端盖组件1在壳体20的开口处与壳体20结合形成中空腔体，电极组件40放置于外壳内后，外壳内填充电解液并密封。
壳体20根据一个或多个电极组件40组合后的形状而定，例如，壳体20可以为中空长方体或中空正方体或中空圆柱体。例如，当壳体20为中空的长方体或正方体时，壳体20的其中一个平面为开口面，即该平面不具有壳体壁而使得壳体20内外相通；当壳体20为中空的圆柱体时，壳体20的其中一个圆形侧面为开口面，即该圆形侧面不具有壳体壁而使得壳体20内外相通。
在本申请的另一实施例，壳体20可由金属材料或塑料制成，在一些实施例中，壳体20由铝或铝合金制成。
如图2和图3所示，图2为图1中端盖组件1的俯视放大示意图，图3为图2中端盖组件1沿A-A方向的截面结构示意图，结合图1至图3，端盖组件1包括排气装置10、端盖板11、两个电极端子12和绝缘体14，端盖板11基本呈平板状，端盖板11于壳体20的开口处与壳体20结合并覆盖壳体20的开口，例如，端盖板11可为金属板，且通过焊接的方式连接于壳体20，从而将电极组件40密封在壳体20内。
端盖板11开设有两个贯通的端子孔，两个电极端子12设置于端盖板11的上表面，其中，端盖板11的上表面为端盖板11远离电极组件40的表面，而端盖板11靠近电极组件40的表面可以称为端盖板11的下表面。各电极端子12覆盖对应的一个端子孔，端盖板11和电极端子12之间设置有密封圈，通过压缩密封圈可实现端子孔的密封。两个电极端子12分别为正极端子和负极端子，每个电极端子12对应设置一个集流构件30，集流构件30位于端盖板11与电极组件40之间。
在本申请的另一实施例中，绝缘体14设置于端盖板11的下表面，以将端盖板11和电极组件40隔开，降低短路风险。
每个电极组件40具有正极极耳41和负极极耳42，一个或多个电极组件40的正极极耳41通过一个集流构件30与正极端子连接，一个或多个电极组件40的负极极耳42通过另一个集流构件30与负极端子连接。
在电池单体的使用过程中，如果电池单体处于过充、针刺、平板冲击等等情况时，电极组件40会短路并产生大量的气体，气体聚集在外壳内，容易引发爆炸。因此，为了提高电池单体的安全性能，本申请实施例的端盖板11的平板面上还可设置防爆阀13。
该防爆阀13可以为端盖板11的平板面的一部分，也可以是端盖板11设有防爆通孔，防爆阀13设置于端盖板11并密封防爆通孔。防爆阀13能够覆盖防爆通孔，并将外壳的内部空间与外部隔开，避免外壳内的电解液经由防爆通孔泄露。
防爆阀13具有薄弱区域，与防爆阀13的其它区域相比，薄弱区域的强度较弱，更容易断裂，本申请实施例中，薄弱区域可为环形。
本申请实施例可通过减小薄弱区域的厚度来降低薄弱区域的强度，例如，薄弱区域的厚度小于防爆阀13其他区域的厚度。
在正常状态下，防爆阀13与端盖板11密封结合，该外壳形成的空间密封不透气。
电极组件40短路时会释放出大量气体，随着气体的增多，电池单体外壳内部的气压逐渐增大。而防爆阀13会在气压的作用下变形，当外壳内部的气压达到一定的值时，防爆阀13在薄弱区域处断裂，高压气体冲开防爆阀13并排出到电池单体外壳的外部，从而达到泄压的目的，降低爆炸风险，但此时，电池单体因外壳受到永久性的破坏而无法继续使用。
此外，电池单体在正常工作时，也会缓慢产生气体，为防止气体在外壳内积累过多，而冲破防爆阀13，导致电池单体无法继续使用，需要对电池单体进行排气，为了在不永久性的破坏电池单体的密封结构的情况下能多次排出这些气体，提高电池单体的安全性能和使用寿命，本实施例的排气装置10的结构可以如图4所示。图4为图3中B区域的排气装置10和端盖板11的部分分解示意图。
如图4、图5所示，端盖板11沿其厚度方向贯穿开设有排气孔110，排气孔110沿自身轴向贯穿端盖板11，排气孔110可以为圆柱状或棱柱状，本申请此实施例中的排气孔110为圆柱状。
排气装置10安装于排气孔110内，排气装置10包括柱状部101、第一限位部102、第二限位部103、第一弹性件104和第二弹性件105，柱状部101、第一限位部102和第二 限位部103的材质均可以为硬质材料，例如，金属材料或合金材料。柱状部101穿过排气孔110，并能在排气孔110内沿排气孔的轴向活动，第一限位部102和第二限位部103环绕柱状部101的外周面，并分别位于端盖板11沿排气孔110轴向的外侧和内侧，第一弹性件104位于第一限位部102和端盖板11之间，第二弹性件105位于第二限位部103和端盖板11之间。
其中，端盖板11沿排气孔110轴向的外侧是指端盖板11组装到电池单体时，远离电极组件40一侧，端盖板11沿排气孔110轴向的内侧是指端盖板11组装到电池单体时，靠近电极组件40一侧。
例如，在一些实施例中，排气装置10组装于排气孔110之后，从端盖板11外侧到端盖板11内侧，排气装置10各部件及端盖板11之间的位置顺序可以依次为：第一限位部102、第一弹性件104、端盖板11、第二弹性件105和第二限位部103，而柱状部101沿排气孔110轴向贯穿端盖板11，且在柱状部101的两端分别与第一限位部102和第二限位部103固定连接，并使得第一限位部102、第二限位部103和柱状部101三者能够在外力下产生相同位移。
本实施例中提及的相同位移是指朝向同一方向产生相同的移动距离。
如图5所示，当排气装置10处于常态时，第二弹性件105分别与第二限位部103、端盖板11密封接触以使得排气孔110处于密封状态。
本实施例中的排气装置10处于常态是指，在第一限位部102与第二限位部103之间的距离一定，并且端盖板11的厚度一定的情况下，第一弹性件104以压缩状态位于第一限位部102与端盖板11之间，第二弹性件105以压缩状态处于第二限位部103与端盖板11之间，第一弹性件104产生的弹力与第二弹性件105产生的弹力互相平衡而使排气装置10相对端盖板11的位置处于稳定的状态。
参照图6，当排气装置10受到朝向端盖板11的作用力F时，第一限位部102和第二限位部103被配置为产生相同位移，该作用力F使得第一弹性件104和第二弹性件105的压缩程度被改变，从而使得排气装置10相对端盖板11的位置发生改变，第一弹性件104至少部分被压缩和第二弹性件105至少部分被释放，从而解除第二弹性件105对排气孔110的密封。此处的解除第二弹性件105对排气孔110的密封是指，当第二弹性件105的压缩被释放至无法抵紧排气孔110而对排气孔110进行密封的状态。图6中示出了在施加力作用力F时，排气装置10各部件的状态，以及气体排出的方向L。
在上述状态下，外壳的内部与外部经由排气孔110气体连通，电池单体的外壳内部的空气经由排气孔110泄放到外部，从而降低外壳内部的气压，防止电池单体的防爆阀13 被冲破而对电池单体造成永久性破坏，同时防止电池单体发生爆炸而造成安全事故，在延长电池单体的使用寿命的同时提高了电池单体的使用安全性。
在排气完成之后，取消对排气装置10施加的外部作用力F，使得排气装置10在第一弹性件104和第二弹性件105的弹力作用下重新回归图5所示的常态，从而对排气孔110进行密封，防止外壳内的电解液流出，电池单体可继续使用。
在一些实施例中，施加到排气装置10的外部作用力F可具体的为施加在第一限位部102上的、沿着排气孔110轴向的作用力，该作用力可以由任意工具施加。
如图5、图6所示，在上述实施例中，柱状部101与排气孔110的孔壁之间具有第一排气间隙106，第一排气间隙106使端盖板11的内部和外部气体连通。例如，第一排气间隙106由柱状部101与排气孔110之间间隙配合而形成，此时，第一排气间隙106为环形，为了使第二弹性件105能够对第一排气间隙106进行完整的密封，第二弹性件105被配置为弹性密封圈，弹性密封圈的材质可以为氟橡胶，也可以为氯丁橡胶或丁橡胶等稳定性高、耐高温的橡胶材质。
而第一弹性件104可以采用任意能够与第二弹性件105的弹力平衡的材质和形状，例如，第一弹性件104可以为能够沿柱状部101的轴向压缩的弹簧，此时，由于弹簧无法实现第一限位部102与端盖板11之间的密封，因此，在第一排气间隙106非密封状态下，外壳内的气体经过第一排气间隙106后直接排出，从而实现电池单体的排气。
在本申请另一实施例中，第一弹性件104可以采用弹性密封圈，例如O型圈，O形圈的材质为氟橡胶，也可以为氯丁橡胶或丁橡胶等稳定性高、耐高温的橡胶材质。
如图6所示，当第一弹性件104为弹性密封圈时，由于第一弹性件104在压缩状态下能够使第一限位部102与端盖板11之间密封，因此，在第一限位部102与柱状部101之间设置第二排气间隙107，端盖板11的内部和外部之间经由第一排气间隙106和第二排气间隙107气体连通。在第一排气间隙106非密封状态下，外壳内的气体经过第一排气间隙106后进入第二排气间隙107，并通过第二排气间隙107排出到电池单体外部，实现电池单体的排气。
本实施例中柱状部101与第一限位部102或第二限位部103之间的固定连接方式可以为一体成型、铆接、焊接、螺纹连接或者粘接等方式。为了便于排气装置10的组装，第一限位部102与第二限位部103中至少一个在排气装置10组装的最后一步与柱状部101之间形成固定连接。
例如，在组装排气装置10之前，将第二限位部103与柱状部101之间一体成型，或者，将第二限位部103与柱状部101之间焊接或者粘接，使得第二限位部103与柱状部101 之间密封连接，防止气体或电解液在第二限位部103与柱状部101之间流通，例如，第二限位部103与柱状部101组合后的形状为如图7所示的T形。
然后，将柱状部101依次贯穿第二弹性件105、排气孔110和第一弹性件104，第二弹性件105可以与柱状部101的周圈紧密抵接，而第一弹性件104须在压缩至极限时仍与柱状部101之间留有间隙，从而使第一排气间隙106与第二排气间隙107之间能够实现气体连通。
最后，将第一限位部102固定安装在柱状部101上，固定方式可以为铆接、焊接、粘接或者螺纹连接中的一种，以完成排气装置10的安装。需保证在将第一限位部102与柱状部101之间固定好之后，至少第二弹性件105处于一定的压缩状态，从而保证第二弹性件105在常态下对排气孔110的密封。也可以使第一弹性件104和第二弹性件105均处于压缩状态，从而使第二弹性件105在常态下对排气孔110进行更为稳定的密封。
第二排气间隙107可以设置在第一限位部102与柱状部101之间，如图6所示。
第二排气间隙107也可以为开设在柱状部101上的通孔，或者开设在第一限位部102上的通孔，只要该通孔的两端能够分别与第一排气间隙106和电池单体外部气体连通即可。
当第二排气间隙107设置在柱状部101与第一限位部102之间时，第一限位部102与柱状部101之间非一体成型，即，第一限位部102与柱状部101之间为铆接、焊接、粘接或者螺纹连接，并且该连接方式能够使第一限位部102与柱状部101之间形成供气体流通的间隙，即第二排气间隙107。
本实施例中，为了简化端盖组件1的组装工序和节约成本，柱状部101与第一限位部102之间采取铆接的连接方式，具体为：第一限位部102开设有安装通孔1021，柱状部101插入安装通孔1021内，并将柱状部101的端部墩粗以形成铆接钉头1011，从而防止第一限位部102从柱状部101脱离。柱状部101与安装通孔1021之间间隙配合以形成第二排气间隙107。柱状部墩粗后的结构如图8所示。
或者，如图9所示，为了增大排气量，第二排气间隙107也可以为形成于安装通孔的孔壁的凹陷部107’，凹陷部107’朝远离柱状部101的方向凹陷设置，并从靠近第一弹性件104一侧到远离第二弹性件105一侧延伸，凹陷部107’在垂直于其延伸方向上的截面形状可以为平滑的弧形、或者可以由多跟线段组成，不同线段之间具有一定夹角，例如，图9中所示的凹陷部107’的截面形状为三根线段和两个直角夹角组成的形状。凹陷部107’可以设置有一个或多个，当凹陷部107’设置有多个时，多个凹陷部107’可以围绕安装通孔1021周圈均匀分布，从而使得多个凹陷部107’围绕安装通孔1021均匀排气。
如图10所示，为了减小电池单体整体的体积，并且便于判断柱状部101端部的墩粗 程度，在一些实施例中，第一限位部102设有第一凹槽1022，第一凹槽1022围绕安装通孔1021周圈设置，柱状部101至少部分位移第一凹槽1022内，例如，柱状部101端部的铆接钉头1011位于第一凹槽1022内，在柱状部101墩粗的过程中，通过观察柱状部101陷入第一凹槽1022内的量，从而判断出柱状部101是否墩粗到位。同时，当柱状部101的端部位于第一凹槽1022内时，柱状部101端部与第一限位部102上表面之间为平面，电池单体整体的体积减小，而且外壳表面更加平整美观，图4、图5、图6中的第一限位部102即采用此种结构。
为了防止被墩粗的铆接钉头1011阻碍第二排气间隙107与电池单体外部的气体连通，凹陷部107’不仅设置在安装通孔1021的孔壁上，而且延伸到第一凹槽1022的槽壁上，即，凹陷部107’到达第一凹槽1022的槽壁时，向第一凹槽1022的槽壁远离柱状部101的方向凹陷，从而使得铆接钉头1011即使在紧挨第一凹槽1022的槽壁时，凹陷部107’依然能够将经过第一排气间隙106的气体排出电池单体，保证排气装置10排气的通畅性。
如图5、图6所示，端盖板11与第二弹性件105对应位置开设有第二凹槽111，第二凹槽111围绕排气孔110周圈设置，第二弹性件105至少位于第二凹槽111内，也可以使第二限位部103至少部分位于第二凹槽111内。第二凹槽111的形状与第二限位部103适配，例如，第二限位部103为圆柱状，第二凹槽111为直径大于第二限位部103的圆柱状槽，或者二者在垂直于轴向的截面均为多边形，但是第二凹槽111的轮廓需要大于第二限位部103的轮廓，从而保证第二限位部103能够在第一弹性件104的作用下自由挤压第二弹性件105，保证第二弹性件105对第一排气间隙106的密封效果。
第二凹槽111的设置可以减小排气装置10占用的外壳内的体积，使得电池单体的体积进一步减小。
综上，本申请上述实施例提供的端盖组件1，通过设置具有排气孔110的端盖板11和排气装置10，并将排气装置10安装在端盖板11上的排气孔110内，排气装置10在常态下能够将排气孔110密封以阻止电池单体内部和外部的物质(电解液和气体等)流通，而在需要排气时，通过给排气装置10施加朝向端盖板11的作用力，从而解除排气装置10对排气孔110的密封，使得电池单体的外壳的内部与外部经由排气孔110气体连通。排气结束后，去除作用在排气装置10上的力，排气装置10又可以回归常态，将排气孔110密封，避免电解液泄露，电池单体可继续使用。
因此，使用本申请中的端盖组件1用于电池单体时，可以实现电池单体的多次排气，并且不会对电池单体产生永久性的破坏，在保证电池单体的使用安全性的同时，提升电池单体的使用寿命。
如图11所示，为本申请另一实施例提供的一种用于上述实施例的电池单体的排气方法的流程图，该排气方法包括：
S401，向排气装置10施加朝向端盖板11的作用力F，使第一限位部102和第二限位部103产生相同位移，并且第一弹性件104至少部分被压缩和第二弹性件105至少部分被释放，以解除第二弹性件105对端盖板11上的排气孔110的密封，使得电池单体的壳体20的内部与外部经由排气孔110气体连通。
S402，移除施加在排气装置10上的作用力，排气装置10回归常态，第二弹性件105分别与第二限位部103、端盖板11密封接触以使得排气孔110处于密封状态。
其中，在一些实施例中，上述步骤S401中，施加在排气装置10上的作用力F可以具体的为由任意工具施加在第一限位部102上的作用力F。
为了防止柱状部101与排气孔110的孔壁之间产生摩擦，在一些实施例中，施加在排气装置10上的作用力F可以具体的为平行或者基本平行于排气孔110的轴向的作用力F。
而包含了本申请中的上述实施例的电池单体的电池200，同样具有在保证电池200的使用安全性的同时，电池200的使用寿命得到延长的优点。
如图12所示，为本申请另一实施例提供的一种电池200的结构示意图，电池200包括第一箱体201、第二箱体202和多个电池模块300，其中，第一箱体201和第二箱体202相互扣合，多个电池模块300排布在第一箱体201和第二箱体202围合形成的空间内。在一些实施例中，第一箱体201和第二箱体202密封连接。
如图13所示，电池模块300包括多个电池单体，多个电池单体可以通过串联、并联或混联的方式电连接以实现较大的电流或电压，其中，混联是指串联和并联的组合。例如，如图13所示，电池单体可立放，电池单体的高度方向与竖直方向一致，多个电池单体沿宽度方向并排设置；或者，电池单体可以平放，电池单体的宽度方向与竖直方向一致，多个电池单体沿宽度方向可以堆叠至少一层，每一层包括沿长度方向排列的多个电池单体。
在本申请的另一实施例中，根据用电装置的用电需求，多个电池相互连接后组合成电池组，用于给用电装置供电。在本申请的另一实施例中，该电池组也可以容纳于一个箱体中，并封装。为使得描述简洁，下述实施例以用电装置包括电池为例进行描述。
本申请另一实施例还提供了一种使用电池的装置，包括上述实施例的电池，其中，用电装置使用的电池200可以如图12对应的实施例所描述的电池200，在此不再赘述。电池为用电装置提供电能，并通过电机带动电动装置行进。该装置可以为电动汽车、电动列车、电动自行车、高尔夫球车和轮船等，并且，该用电装置可为仅使用上述实施例的电池提供动力的装置，也可为混合动力型装置。
例如，如图14所示，为本申请一实施例的一种用电装置的结构示意图，用电装置可以为汽车，汽车可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。汽车包括电池200、控制器210和马达220。电池200用于向控制器210和马达220供电，作为汽车的操作电源和驱动电源，例如，电池200用于汽车的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。例如，电池200向控制器210供电，控制器210控制电池200向马达220供电，马达220接收并使用电池200的电力作为汽车的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为汽车提供驱动动力。
本领域的技术人员能够理解，尽管在此的一些实施例包括其它实施例中所包括的某些特征而不是其它特征，但是不同实施例的特征的组合意味着处于本申请的范围之内并且形成不同的实施例。例如，在权利要求书中，所要求保护的实施例的任意之一都可以以任意的组合方式来使用。
以上，以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电池单体的端盖组件，用于封闭电池单体的壳体(20)，其中，包括：
    端盖板(11)，设有排气孔(110)，所述排气孔(110)沿自身轴向贯穿所述端盖板(11)；
    排气装置(10)，安装于所述排气孔(110)，所述排气装置(10)包括柱状部(101)、第一限位部(102)、第二限位部(103)、第一弹性件(104)和第二弹性件(105)，所述柱状部(101)穿过所述排气孔(110)，所述第一限位部(102)和所述第二限位部(103)环绕所述柱状部(101)的外周面，并分别位于所述端盖板(11)沿所述排气孔(110)轴向的外侧和内侧，所述第一弹性件(104)位于所述第一限位部(102)和所述端盖板(11)之间，所述第二弹性件(105)位于所述第二限位部(103)和所述端盖板(11)之间；
    当排气装置(10)处于常态时，所述第二弹性件(105)分别与所述第二限位部(103)、所述端盖板(11)密封接触以使得所述排气孔(110)处于密封状态；当排气装置(10)受到朝向所述端盖板(11)的作用力时，所述第一限位部(102)和所述第二限位部(103)被配置为产生相同位移，所述第一弹性件(104)至少部分被压缩和所述第二弹性件(105)至少部分被释放，以解除所述第二弹性件(105)对所述排气孔(110)的密封，使得所述壳体(20)的内部与外部经由所述排气孔(110)气体连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的端盖组件，其特征在于，所述柱状部(101)与所述排气孔(110)的孔壁之间具有第一排气间隙(106)，所述第一排气间隙(106)使所述端盖板(11)的内部和外部气体连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的端盖组件，其中，所述柱状部(101)与所述排气孔(110)之间间隙配合以形成所述第一排气间隙(106)。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第一限位部(102)具有安装通孔(1021)，所述柱状部(101)插入所述安装通孔(1021)内，并与所述第一限位部(102)固定连接；
    所述第一限位部(102)与所述柱状部(101)之间设有第二排气间隙(107)，所述端盖板(11)的内部和外部之间经由所述第一排气间隙(106)和所述第二排气间隙(107)气体连通。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第一限位部(102)与所述柱状部(101)之间间隙配合以形成所述第二排气间隙(107)。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第二排气间隙(107)为形成于所述安装通孔(1021)的孔壁的凹陷部(107’)，所述凹陷部(107’)朝远离所述柱状部(101)的方向凹陷设置。
  7. 根据权利要求4-6中任意一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第一限位部(102)设有第一凹槽(1022)，所述第一凹槽(1022)围绕所述安装通孔(1021)周圈设置，所述柱状部(101)至少部分位于所述第一凹槽(1022)内。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述端盖板(11)与所述第二弹性件(105)对应位置设有第二凹槽(111)，所述第二凹槽(111)围绕所述排气孔(110)周圈设置，所述第二弹性件(105)至少部分位于所述第二凹槽(111)内。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的端盖组件(1)，其中，所述第一弹性件(104)和所述第二弹性件(105)的材质均为氟橡胶。
  10. 一种电池单体，其中，包括电极组件(40)、壳体(20)以及权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的端盖组件(1)；
    所述壳体(20)为具有开口的中空腔体，所述端盖组件(1)与所述壳体(20)结合于所述开口处以形成收容所述电极组件(40)的空间。
  11. 一种电池，其中，包括两个以上如权利要求10所述的电池单体。
  12. 一种使用电池的装置，其中，包括如权利要求11所述的电池。
  13. 一种用于权利要求10所述的电池单体的排气方法，其中，包括：
    向所述排气装置(10)施加朝向所述端盖板(11)的作用力，使所述第一限位部(102)和所述第二限位部(103)产生相同位移，并且所述第一弹性件(104)至少部分被压缩和所述第二弹性件(105)至少部分被释放，以解除所述第二弹性件(105)对所述端盖板(11)上的所述排气孔(110)的密封，使得所述电池单体的壳体(20)的内部与外部经由所述排气孔(110)气体连通；
    移除施加在所述排气装置(10)上的作用力，所述排气装置(10)回归常态，所述第二弹性件(105)分别与所述第二限位部(103)、所述端盖板(11)密封接触以使得所述排气孔(110)处于密封状态。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的排气方法，其中，所述作用力施加在所述第一限位部(102)上。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的排气方法，其中，所述作用力平行于所述排气孔(110)的轴向。
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