WO2022141174A1 - 端盖组件、电池单体及其注液方法、电池、用电装置 - Google Patents

端盖组件、电池单体及其注液方法、电池、用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022141174A1
WO2022141174A1 PCT/CN2020/141325 CN2020141325W WO2022141174A1 WO 2022141174 A1 WO2022141174 A1 WO 2022141174A1 CN 2020141325 W CN2020141325 W CN 2020141325W WO 2022141174 A1 WO2022141174 A1 WO 2022141174A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
end cap
cover body
hole
cover
sealing member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/141325
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈新祥
郑于炼
黄守君
王鹏
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP20945712.6A priority Critical patent/EP4050712A4/en
Priority to CN202080077493.2A priority patent/CN116941106A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/141325 priority patent/WO2022141174A1/zh
Priority to US17/585,110 priority patent/US11710871B2/en
Publication of WO2022141174A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022141174A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H01M50/636—Closing or sealing filling ports, e.g. using lids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/184—Sealing members characterised by their shape or structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H01M50/188—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members the sealing members being arranged between the lid and terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H01M50/636—Closing or sealing filling ports, e.g. using lids
    • H01M50/645—Plugs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, and in particular, to an end cap assembly, a battery cell and a liquid injection method thereof, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • the purpose of this application is to improve lithium-ion batteries with improved performance.
  • an end cap assembly for a battery cell comprising:
  • the end cap is provided with a through hole and a accommodating portion for injecting electrolyte
  • the cover body covers at least part of the sealing member and is movable together with the sealing member, the cover body includes a limit portion, and the limit portion is located in the accommodating portion to limit the separation of the cover body from the end cap, and the cover body is configured to pass through the limit portion in the accommodating portion.
  • the movement in the inner part is relative to the movement of the end cap;
  • the sealing member when the cover body moves to the first position, the sealing member covers the through hole; when the cover body moves to the second position, the sealing member avoids the through hole.
  • the first position and the second position are respectively a first limit position and a second limit position where the cover body moves in opposite directions.
  • the end cap is provided with an opening communicating with the accommodating portion, the cap body further includes an actuating portion, the cap body further includes an actuating portion connected with the limiting portion, and the actuating portion is configured to receive an external drive by receiving an external drive. The force moves within the opening.
  • the actuating portion passes through the opening toward the outer side of the end cap in the thickness direction.
  • the two side walls of the accommodating portion along the movement direction of the cover body are configured to provide guidance for the movement of the limiting portion; and/or the two side walls of the opening along the movement direction of the cover body are configured to provide guidance for the actuation
  • the movement of the department provides guidance.
  • first position and the second position are respectively a first limit position and a second limit position where the cover body moves in opposite directions;
  • the accommodating portion defines the first limit position and the second limit position by cooperating with the limit portion at both ends along the movement direction of the cover body; and/or
  • the two ends of the opening along the movement direction of the cover are matched with the actuating part to respectively define the first limit position and the second limit position.
  • a limiting structure is provided between the sidewall of the opening and the actuating portion, and the limiting structure is configured to limit the cover body to the first position.
  • the limiting structure includes:
  • the limit opening is disposed on the side wall of the actuating portion along the movement direction of the cover body, and the protruding portion is configured to be engaged with the limit opening when the cover body moves to the first position.
  • the actuating part is provided with a slot, which is configured to cooperate with an external component for applying a driving force to drive the cover body to move.
  • the accommodating portion includes a first limiting wall, a second limiting wall disposed opposite to the first limiting wall, and a first side wall for connecting the first limiting wall and the second limiting wall.
  • the first limiting wall when the cover body is in a free state, the first limiting wall is abutted against the limiting portion, and the second limiting wall and the limiting portion have a gap.
  • the end cap includes an end cap body and an installation part, the installation part is disposed on the surface of the end cap body, the through hole is located in an area enclosed by the installation part, and the accommodating part is formed by the installation part and the end cap body enclosed and formed .
  • the outer surface of the end cap body along the thickness direction is provided with a first groove, and the mounting member is fixed in the first groove.
  • neither the mounting part nor the cover is higher than the first groove.
  • the seal is fixed with the cover; and/or the cover is in contact with the seal, and the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the seal and the cover is greater than the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the seal and the end cap.
  • a second groove is provided on the surface of the limiting portion facing the sealing member, and at least part of the sealing member is located in the second groove.
  • the cover body is configured to reach the first position and the second position by moving along the extending direction of the receiving portion.
  • the receiving portion extends along at least one of a length direction and a width direction of the end cap.
  • the through hole is disposed deviating from the center position of the receiving portion along the extending direction.
  • the end cap includes an end cap body and a mounting part, the outer surface of the end cap body along the thickness direction is provided with a first groove, the mounting part is fixed in the first groove, and the through hole is provided in the first groove on the bottom wall.
  • the limiting portion is a rectangular block, and the receiving portion integrally forms a rectangular groove.
  • the cover body is configured to reach the first position and the second position by rotating about the center of the receiving portion.
  • the through hole is disposed offset from the center of the receiving portion.
  • the end cap includes an end cap body and a mounting part, an outer surface of the end cap body along the thickness direction is provided with a first groove, and the mounting part is fixed in the first groove;
  • the through hole includes a first through hole section and a second through hole section arranged coaxially, the first through hole section is arranged on the bottom wall of the first groove, and the second through hole section is arranged on the mounting part;
  • the seal is provided with a first avoidance hole, and the limiter is provided with a second avoidance hole.
  • the first through hole section passes through the first avoidance hole and the second avoidance hole. communicates with the second through hole segment.
  • the end cap is provided with an opening communicating with the accommodating portion, and the cap body further includes an actuating portion, the actuating portion is connected to the limiting portion and is movable within the opening, and is configured to receive an external driving force to make the cap body movement;
  • At least two through holes are provided, and the openings are located between adjacent through holes along the circumferential direction.
  • a housing assembly comprising:
  • the side wall of the casing is provided with a through hole and a accommodating part for injecting electrolyte
  • the cover body is configured to cover at least part of the sealing member and is movable together with the sealing member, the cover body includes a limiting portion, the limiting portion is located in the accommodating portion to limit the separation of the cover body from the housing, and the cover body is configured to pass the limiting portion
  • the movement of the part relative to the receiving part is relative to the housing movement;
  • the sealing member when the cover body moves to the first position, the sealing member covers the through hole; when the cover body moves to the second position, the sealing member avoids the through hole.
  • a battery cell comprising: an electrode assembly and a casing for accommodating the electrode assembly, the casing includes a casing and the end cap assembly of the above-mentioned embodiment, the casing has an end opening, an end The cover assembly covers the end opening of the housing; or,
  • An electrode assembly and a casing for accommodating the electrode assembly the casing includes an end cap body and the casing assembly of the above embodiment, the casing has an end opening, and the end cap body covers the end opening of the casing.
  • a battery comprising: a plurality of battery cells of the above embodiments
  • an electrical device comprising: the battery cells of the above embodiments, wherein the battery cells are used to provide electrical energy.
  • a liquid injection method for a battery cell comprising:
  • the electrolyte is injected through the through hole
  • the limiting portion of the cover body moves within the accommodating portion on the casing, and restricts the cover body from being separated from the casing.
  • a liquid injection device for a battery cell comprising:
  • the liquid injection mechanism is configured to inject the electrolyte into the casing through the through hole provided in the casing of the battery cell;
  • a cover actuating mechanism configured to apply a driving force to the cover to move the cover and the seal together to a first position to cover the through hole, or to move the cover and the seal together to a second position to avoid the through hole ;
  • the limiting portion of the cover body moves within the accommodating portion on the casing, and restricts the cover body from being separated from the casing.
  • the secondary liquid injection can be realized by changing the positions of the cap body and the sealing member.
  • the present application can effectively slow down the reduction of the capacity of the battery cells and improve the service life of the battery cells.
  • it is not necessary to remove the cover body and the sealing member from the end cap during the secondary injection which saves the link of disassembling and assembling the cover and the sealing member during the secondary injection, which is easier to operate, and can avoid parts If it is lost, the assembly efficiency of battery cells can be improved during production, and the maintenance time can be shortened during secondary injection.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of the present application using battery cells to be mounted on a vehicle;
  • FIG. 1B is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of the battery of the present application.
  • FIG. 1C is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of the battery module of the present application.
  • FIG. 1D is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of the battery cells of the present application.
  • FIG. 1E is an exploded view of some embodiments of the battery cells of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of an end cap assembly in a battery cell of the present application
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of the end cap assembly shown in Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of the cover body in the end cover assembly shown in FIG. 2 when it moves to a first position;
  • Fig. 5 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged view at B of Fig. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of the cover body in the end cover assembly shown in FIG. 2 when it moves to a second position;
  • Fig. 8 is the C-C sectional view of Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 is an enlarged view at D of Fig. 8.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the end cap assembly shown in FIG. 2 with a first groove provided on the end cap body;
  • FIG. 11A and 11B are respectively two schematic structural diagrams of the mounting components in the end cap assembly shown in FIG. 2;
  • 11C and 11D are a top view and an E-E cross-sectional view of the mounting component shown in 11A, respectively;
  • Figures 12A and 12B are a top view and an F-F cross-sectional view of the cover body in the end cap assembly shown in Figure 2, respectively;
  • 12C and 12D are schematic structural diagrams of the cover body shown in FIG. 12A from a first viewing angle and a second viewing angle, respectively;
  • FIG. 13A and 13B are respectively a schematic structural diagram and a G-G cross-sectional view of the sealing member installed on the cover body in the end cap assembly shown in FIG. 2;
  • 13C and 13D are respectively an exploded view and an installation schematic diagram of the sealing member and the cover body in the end cap assembly shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a modification of the cover body in the end cover assembly shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 16A and FIG. 16B are schematic diagrams of the state in which the cover body is in the first position and the second position in the end cover assembly shown in FIG. 15, respectively;
  • Figure 17 is an H-H cross-sectional view of the end cap assembly shown in Figure 16B;
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of the mounting components in the end cap assembly shown in FIG. 15;
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of the seal in the end cap assembly shown in FIG. 15;
  • 20A and 20B are schematic diagrams of the top and bottom structures of the cover body in the end cover assembly shown in FIG. 15, respectively;
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of the casing in the battery cell of the present application.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic flowchart of some embodiments of the battery cell liquid injection method of the present application.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic composition diagram of some embodiments of the liquid injection device of the present application.
  • End cap body 11. Through hole; 111, first through hole segment; 112, second through hole segment; 12, accommodating part; 12A, first limit wall; 12B, second limit wall; 12C, first side wall; 13, guide part; 14, opening; 141, protruding part; 142, second side wall; 15, first groove;
  • 501 a liquid injection mechanism
  • 502 a cover actuating mechanism
  • the coordinate system in FIG. 1D defines various directions of the battery cell 400
  • the x-direction represents the length direction of the battery cell 400
  • the y-direction is in the horizontal plane with the x-direction
  • the vertical direction represents the width direction of the battery cells 400
  • the z direction is perpendicular to the plane formed by the x and y directions, and represents the height direction of the battery cells 400 .
  • the inventor has undergone numerous tests and verifications and found that one of the reasons for the problem of battery service life is that the battery undergoes multiple charge and discharge cycles during use, and the electrolyte inside the battery cell is unavoidable. Irreversible reaction consumption will occur, and the capacity of the battery cell will decrease accordingly. Therefore, the inventors found that if the electrolyte solution inside the battery cell can be supplemented during the use of the battery cell, the capacity reduction of the battery cell can be effectively slowed down and the service life of the battery cell can be improved.
  • the lithium-ion battery cell is mainly composed of four parts: positive electrode material, negative electrode material, electrolyte, and diaphragm.
  • the electrolyte is an ionic conductor that conducts between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell, and is generally composed of electrolyte lithium salt and organic
  • the solvent consists of two parts.
  • the electrolyte perfusion of the battery cells is usually carried out in the production stage. After the electrolyte perfusion is completed, in order to ensure the sealing performance of the battery cells, the injection holes are usually closed by laser welding.
  • the present application intends to provide a battery cell, which can perform liquid supplementation by changing the position of the sealing member in the liquid injection member without destroying the structure of the battery cell, and close the liquid injection hole after the liquid supplementation is completed.
  • a battery cell which can perform liquid supplementation by changing the position of the sealing member in the liquid injection member without destroying the structure of the battery cell, and close the liquid injection hole after the liquid supplementation is completed.
  • the overall volume of the lithium battery is small. In addition to the terminals and explosion-proof valves on the end cap, the remaining space is relatively limited. It is difficult to achieve repeated liquid injection by changing the position of the closed parts.
  • the present application provides an end cap assembly, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can conveniently realize the secondary liquid injection of the battery cell. That is, the process of injecting the electrolyte into the interior of the battery according to the required amount through the reserved injection hole is divided into a primary injection and a secondary injection. Secondary injections may also be referred to as supplementary injections, further injections, etc. The meaning of secondary injection is the process of replenishing or replacing the electrolyte in the battery, or adding or replenishing any solid, liquid or gas to the battery. By realizing the convenient secondary liquid injection, the present application can effectively slow down the reduction of the capacity of the battery cells and improve the service life of the battery cells 400 .
  • the electrical device includes a battery cell 400 for providing electrical energy to the device.
  • the device can be a mobile phone, a portable device, a notebook computer, a battery car, an electric vehicle, a ship, a spacecraft, an electric toy, and a power tool.
  • the spacecraft includes Airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spaceships, etc.
  • Electric toys include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric aircraft toys, etc.
  • Power tools include metal cutting power tools , grinding power tools, assembling power tools and railway power tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, electric impact drills, concrete vibrators and electric planers.
  • the power-consuming device may be a vehicle 100, such as a new energy vehicle, which may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.; or the power-consuming device may also be a drone or a ship, etc. .
  • the vehicle 100 may include an axle 101, a wheel 102 connected to the axle 101, a motor 103, a controller 104, and a battery 200.
  • the motor 103 is used to drive the axle 101 to rotate, and the controller 104 is used to control the motor 103 to work.
  • the battery 200 includes a plurality of battery cells 400 for providing electrical energy for the operation of the motor 103 and other components in the vehicle.
  • the battery cell 400 capable of secondary liquid injection can reduce the frequency of battery cell replacement, save costs, and improve the reliability and power performance of the device.
  • a battery 200 may be provided in the electrical device.
  • the battery 200 includes a first case 201 and a second case 202 that are fastened to each other, wherein, in the space enclosed and formed by the first case 201 and the second case 202, a plurality of The battery cells 400, a plurality of battery cells 400 are grouped to form a battery module 300, or a combination of the two.
  • the battery module 300 includes a plurality of battery cells 400 , and the plurality of battery cells 400 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection to achieve larger capacity or power.
  • the battery cells 400 can be placed vertically, the height direction of the battery cells 400 is consistent with the vertical direction, and a plurality of battery cells 400 are arranged side by side along the width direction; or the battery cells 400 can be laid flat, The width direction of the battery cells 400 is consistent with the vertical direction, and a plurality of battery cells 400 can be stacked in at least one layer along the width direction, and each layer includes a plurality of battery cells 400 spaced along the length direction.
  • the battery cell 400 includes a housing 40 and an end cap assembly 10 , and the end cap assembly 10 closes the open end of the housing 40 .
  • the battery cell 400 includes a casing 40 , an electrode assembly 30 and an end cap assembly 10 .
  • the end cap assembly 10 is connected with the casing 40 to form an outer shell of the battery cell 400 , and the electrode assembly 30 is provided in the casing.
  • the body 40 is filled with the electrolyte solution.
  • the battery cells 400 may be square, cylindrical or other shapes.
  • the end cap assembly 10 includes a pressure relief member 6 , such as an explosion-proof valve, that is configured to be actuated to relieve the internal pressure of the battery cell 400 when the internal pressure of the battery cell 400 reaches a threshold value.
  • the electrode assembly 30 can be provided in a single or multiple. As shown in FIG. 1E , at least two independently wound electrode assemblies 30 may also be provided in the battery cell 400 .
  • the electrode assembly 30 may be formed by winding or stacking the first pole piece, the second pole piece, and a separator between the first pole piece and the second pole piece, wherein the separator is interposed between the first pole piece and the insulator between the second pole piece.
  • the body portion has two opposite end faces.
  • the first pole piece is exemplified as a positive electrode piece
  • the second pole piece is a negative electrode piece for description.
  • the positive active material is coated on the coated area of the positive electrode sheet
  • the negative active material is coated on the coated area of the negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly includes two tabs 301 , namely a positive tab and a negative tab.
  • the positive tabs extend from the coated areas of the positive tabs, and the negative tabs extend from the coated areas of the negative tabs.
  • the end cap assembly 10 is arranged on the top of the electrode assembly 30.
  • the end cap assembly 10 includes an end cap 10' and two terminals 5, the two terminals 5 are respectively a positive terminal and a negative terminal, and each terminal 5 is correspondingly arranged
  • An adapter 20 is provided between the end cap body 1 and the electrode assembly 30 .
  • the tab 301 of the electrode assembly 30 in FIG. 1E is located at the top, the positive tab is connected to the positive terminal through one adapter 20 , and the negative tab is connected to the negative terminal through another adapter 20 .
  • the battery cell 400 may include two end cap assemblies 10 , which are respectively disposed on both ends of the housing 40 , and each end cap assembly 10 is provided with a terminal 5 .
  • the end cap assembly 10 for the battery cell 400 includes: an end cap 10 ′, a sealing member 3 and a cap body 2 .
  • the end cap 10' is provided with a through hole 11 for injecting electrolyte and an accommodating part 12, the accommodating part 12 may be a cavity, and the through hole 11 is located in the area enclosed by the accommodating part 12.
  • the end cap 10' may have a rectangular plate-like structure.
  • the through hole 11 may be arranged along the height direction of the battery cell 400, that is, along the thickness direction of the end cap 10', or may also be inclined. set up.
  • the through hole 11 can be a circular hole, an oval hole, a polygonal hole or holes of other shapes.
  • the sealing member 3 is configured to seal the through hole 11 .
  • the sealing member 3 can be made of a highly elastic material with a smooth and wear-resistant surface, preferably rubber or other elastic plastics.
  • the cover body 2 covers at least part of the seal 3 and is movable together with the seal 3 .
  • the cover body 2 can press the sealing member 3 to deform the sealing member 3 to improve the sealing effect, or only contact the sealing member 3 to limit its degree of freedom along the height direction.
  • the cover body 2 can completely cover the sealing member 3 in order to apply pressure to the sealing member 3, limit the position or prevent external impurities from entering the battery; or in the case that the sealing member 3 can independently close the through hole 11, the cover body 2 can also partially cover the sealing member.
  • Piece 3
  • the cover body 2 may include a limit portion 22 located in the accommodating portion 12 to limit the cover body 2 from being separated from the end cap 10 ′, and the cover body 2 is configured to be relative to each other through the movement of the limit portion 22 in the accommodating portion 12 . move on the end cap 10'.
  • the cover body 2 is made of a high-strength metal that is not easily deformed, and can be made of steel or aluminum.
  • the sealing member 3 when the cover body 2 moves to the first position, the sealing member 3 covers the through hole 11 to seal the electrolyte; when the cover body 2 moves to the second position, the sealing member 3 avoids the through hole 11 to inject the electrolyte solution .
  • the cover body 2 drives the sealing member 3 to move, so that the state of closing the through hole 11 and opening the through hole 11 can be switched, so as to realize the secondary liquid injection.
  • the present application can effectively slow down the capacity reduction of the battery cells 400 and improve the service life of the battery.
  • the through hole 11 communicates the inside of the casing 40 with the outside atmosphere, so that the gas in the casing 40 or the air bubbles between the pole pieces can be discharged.
  • the cycle performance of the battery cell 400 can be improved, and the service life of the battery cell 400 can be further improved.
  • the present application can also release the pressure in the casing 40 , thereby reducing the continuous force of the gas in the casing on the pressure relief member 6 , and reducing the creep rupture of the pressure relief member 6 resulting in the battery cells.
  • the risk of shortening the life of 400 liquid leakage or entering water vapor can further improve the service life of the battery cell, and at the same time, it can reduce the force exerted by the expansion of the battery cell 400 on other structures due to the large gas inside the battery cell 400, and avoid other structures due to Excessive expansion force of the battery cells 400 may cause structural damage, thereby increasing the service life of the battery.
  • the engaging structure is adopted between the limiting portion 22 and the accommodating portion 12, which is easy to ensure the engaging strength, the structure is simple, and the requirement for the matching accuracy is low; moreover, the occurrence of the engaging structure can also be prevented in the case of a large number of disassembly and assembly times. damage.
  • the present application can prevent the limiting portion 22 from the accommodating portion 12 by increasing the strength of the engagement between the limiting portion 22 and the accommodating portion 12. It is damaged by vibration for a long time, so as to ensure the working reliability and service life of the battery cells 400 .
  • the cover body 2 drives the sealing member 3 to move to change the position to realize the opening and closing of the through hole 11.
  • the liquid injection structure will not be destroyed.
  • the through hole 11 can be reliably It is closed to ensure the reliability of the battery after the secondary injection. Therefore, the appearance of the battery cell 400 remains the same as before the liquid injection, and does not affect the use after the secondary liquid injection. Further, because the through hole 11 is directly closed by moving the cover 2, it is not necessary to seal the through hole 11 by laser welding, which reduces the cleaning steps of the through hole 11 before laser welding, and improves the battery production efficiency.
  • the limiting portion 22 provided on the cover body 2 and the accommodating portion 12 provided on the end cover 10' are both easy to process and suitable for lithium-ion batteries with a smaller overall size.
  • the secondary liquid injection can be realized only by the movement of the sealing member 3 by the cover body 2, and there is no need to remove the cover body 2 and the sealing member 3 from the end cap 10', thus eliminating the need for the secondary liquid injection process.
  • the process of disassembling and assembling the cover body 2 and the sealing member 3 in the middle is easier to operate, and can avoid the loss of parts, which can improve the assembly efficiency of the battery cell 400 during production, and can shorten the maintenance time during the secondary injection.
  • FIGS. 2 to 14 are schematic structural diagrams of the end cap assembly 10 according to the first embodiment of the present application.
  • the cover body 2 is configured to reach the first position and the second position by moving in the extending direction of the accommodating portion 12 .
  • the accommodating portion 12 may extend along at least one of the length direction and the width direction of the end cap 10'.
  • the accommodating portion 12 extends along the width direction of the end cover 10 ′, and the accommodating portion 12 may be located between the terminal 5 and the pressure relief member 6 in the length direction. Since the distance between the terminal 5 and the pressure relief member 6 is relatively small, the accommodating portion 12 extending along the width direction of the end cover 10 ′ can ensure the structural strength of the end cover 10 ′ in this area, and prevent the external force being applied to the cover body 2 during the process of applying external force to the cover body 2 . The end cap 10' is deformed.
  • the accommodating portion 12 may extend along the length direction of the end cap 10', or the accommodating portion 12 may extend along an L-shape, or the accommodating portion 12 may extend along a curve, such as a circular arc or a circle.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the accommodating portion 12 is C-shape or V-shape.
  • the first position and the second position are respectively the first limit position and the second limit position of the cover body 2 moving in opposite directions.
  • Such a structure can reduce the extension length of the accommodating portion 12, thereby ensuring the structural strength of the end cap 10'.
  • the cover body 2 is in the first position.
  • the first position is the first limit position of the cover body 2 moving along the width direction of the end cover 10 ′.
  • the sealing member 3 completely covers the through hole 11 to close the through hole.
  • the cover body 2 is in the second position, which is the second limit position of the cover body 2 moving along the width direction of the end cover 10 ′. At this time, the sealing member 3 completely avoids the through hole 11 to open the through hole 11 . hole 11.
  • the through hole 11 is provided away from the center position of the accommodating portion 12 along the extending direction, and the through hole 11 is located on the moving path of the cover body 2 .
  • the sealing member 3 completely covers the through hole 11 or completely avoids the through hole 11 , so as to realize the closing and opening of the through hole 11 .
  • Such a structure can reduce the extension length of the accommodating portion 12 .
  • the end cover 10 ′ is provided with an opening 14 that communicates with the accommodating portion 12 , and the opening 14 communicates with the outside of the end cover 10 ′.
  • the cover body 2 further includes an actuating portion 21 connected to the limiting portion 22 . , the actuating portion 21 is configured to move within the opening 14 by receiving an external driving force to drive the cover body 2 to move.
  • the actuating portion 21 passes through the opening 14 toward the outer side of the end cap 10' in the thickness direction.
  • This arrangement is convenient for increasing the size of the actuating portion 21 to apply a more stable driving force to the cover body 2, and is not likely to be damaged after long-term use.
  • the opening 14 may also face the outside of the side wall of the end cover 10', and accordingly, the actuating portion 21 passes through the opening 14 toward the outside of the side wall of the end cover 10'.
  • a driving force can be applied to both sides of the actuating portion 21 in the moving direction of the cover body 2 .
  • the actuating portion 21 is provided with a slot 212, which is configured to cooperate with an external component for applying driving force to drive the cover body 2 to move.
  • This structure is convenient to drive the cover body 2 to move by inserting the tool into the card slot 212 .
  • the actuating portion 21 includes two protruding blocks 21A, which are respectively disposed on both ends of the limiting portion 22 along the moving direction of the cover body 2 , and a slot 212 is formed between the two protruding blocks 21A.
  • the first limit position and the second limit position can be defined in the following two ways.
  • the accommodating portion 12 cooperates with the limiting portion 22 at both ends along the movement direction of the cover body 2 to define the first limit position and the second limit position respectively.
  • This structure can realize the limit of the movement stroke of the cover body 2 through a simple structure, so that the cover body 2 can reach the first position or the second position accurately; Realize limit.
  • the accommodating portion 12 extends along the width direction of the end cover 10 ′.
  • the limiting portion 22 abuts against the inner wall of one end of the accommodating portion 12 along the extending direction;
  • the limiting portion 22 abuts against the inner wall of the other end of the accommodating portion 12 along the extending direction.
  • the end surfaces of the accommodating portion 12 and the opening 14 along the extending direction can be flush, so when the limiting portion 22 abuts against the end wall of the accommodating portion 12 , the actuating portion 21 still has a distance from the end wall of the opening 14 .
  • the opening 14 cooperates with the actuating part 21 through the two ends along the movement direction of the cover body 2 to define the first limit position and the second limit position respectively.
  • the two first side walls 12C of the accommodating portion 12 along the movement direction of the cover body 2 are configured to provide guidance for the movement of the limiting portion 22 .
  • the two second side walls 142 of the opening 14 along the movement direction of the cover body 2 are configured to provide guidance for the movement of the actuating portion 21 .
  • the limiting portion 22 can be limited by the two first side walls 12C.
  • a clearance fit is adopted between the second side wall 142 and the actuating portion 21 .
  • This embodiment can provide guidance for the movement of the cover body 2, and can prevent the cover body 2 from shaking or stuck during the movement process, so as to ensure the smooth movement of the cover body 2, and improve the stability of the cover body 2 when moving, so as to smoothly realize the Second injection.
  • a limiting structure is provided between the side wall of the opening 14 and the actuating portion 21 , and the limiting structure is configured to limit the cover body 2 to the first position. If the electrical device generates large vibration or impact during operation, the limiting structure can keep the cover body 2 at the first position reliably, prevent the cover body 2 from deviating from the first position and cause electrolyte leakage, and improve the sealing performance of the electrolyte , so as to ensure the reliability of the operation of the battery cell 400 .
  • the limiting structure includes a protruding portion 141 and a limiting opening 211 .
  • the protruding portion 141 is provided on the side wall of the opening 14 along the moving direction of the cover body 2
  • the limiting opening 211 is provided on the side wall of the actuating portion 21 along the moving direction of the cover body 2
  • the protruding portion 141 is configured as When the cover body 2 moves to the first position, it is engaged with the limiting opening 211 .
  • the protruding portion 141 protrudes toward the inside of the opening 14 relative to the side wall of the opening 14 , and may be in an arc shape
  • the limiting opening 211 is concave inward relative to the side wall of the cover body 2 , and may also be in an arc shape.
  • transition fillets can be provided at the connection between the protruding portion 141 and the side wall of the opening 14 and the connection between the limiting opening 211 and the side wall of the cover body 2 .
  • the arrangement of the accommodating portion 12 is given in detail below.
  • the accommodating portion 12 can be provided in the upper area of the end cover 10 ′ , the middle region or the lower region, so that at least part of the end cap 10 ′ is located between the receiving portion 12 and the electrode assembly 30 , rather than opening the receiving portion 12 directly on the bottom surface of the end cap 10 ′.
  • the cover body 2 is limited or separated from the accommodating portion 12 by rotation. During the rotation, friction may occur between the limiting portion 22 and the inner wall of the accommodating portion 12 , resulting in metal particles. Since the accommodating portion 12 is located on the side of the end cap 10 ′ away from the casing 40 in the present application, the metal particles generated during the rotation will not directly fall into the casing 40 , resulting in a short circuit of the battery cells 400 , which further improves the battery cell performance. 400 security.
  • the accommodating portion 12 includes a first limiting wall 12A, a second limiting wall 12B opposite to the first limiting wall 12A, and a second limiting wall 12B for connecting the first limiting wall 12A and the second limiting wall The first side wall 12C of 12B.
  • the first limiting wall 12A abuts against the limiting portion 22 , and the second limiting wall 12B and the limiting portion 22 have a gap.
  • the first limiting wall 12A is a top wall, which can limit the degree of freedom of the upward movement of the cover body 2 in the height direction, so as to limit the separation of the cover body 2 from the end cover 10'.
  • the second limiting wall 12B is a bottom wall, and there is a predetermined distance between the second limiting wall 12B and the inner surface of the end cap 10'.
  • the cover body 2 When the cover body 2 needs to be moved, a downward force is applied to the cover body 2, and a gap is generated between the limiting portion 22 and the first limiting wall 12A through the deformation of the sealing member 3. At this time, the cover body 2 is applied with a downward force.
  • the driving force causes the stopper 22 to smoothly move along the accommodating portion 12 .
  • the cover body 2 After reaching the first position, the cover body 2 is released, and the cover body 2 moves upward under the elastic action of the sealing member 3 until the top surface of the limiting portion 22 abuts against the first limiting wall 12A. At this time, the bottom surface of the limiting portion 22 A gap may appear between it and the second limiting wall 12B.
  • the movement resistance can be reduced by pressing the cover body 2 downward, and after the cover body 2 reaches the target position, the cover body 2 can be released so that the cover body 2 and the first limiting wall can be separated from each other. 12A offsets, restricting the movement of the cover 2 .
  • the second limiting wall 12B may also abut against the limiting portion 22 .
  • the end cap 10 ′ includes an end cap body 1 and an installation part 4 , the installation part 4 is arranged on the surface of the end cap body 1 , and the through hole 11 is located in the area enclosed by the installation part 4 .
  • the accommodating portion 12 is formed by the mounting member 4 and the end cap main body 1 enclosed.
  • the end cap 10' is designed as a split structure. Since the end cap body 1 has a thin plate-like structure, it is not easy to process complicated structures. By setting the mounting member 4, it is easy to form the accommodating portion 12, which can reduce the processing difficulty of the end cap body 1. Moreover, during assembly, the cover body 2 and the sealing member 3 are first placed on the second limiting wall 12B, and then the mounting member 4 is fixed to the end cap body 1, so that the cover body 2 and the end cap can be restricted by the mounting member 4 Body 1 separates.
  • the limiting portion 22 is a rectangular block
  • the actuating portion 21 is also a rectangular block, and is located at the center of the top of the limiting portion 22 .
  • the accommodating portion 12 integrally forms a rectangular groove.
  • the rectangular groove extends along the width direction of the end cap 10 ′, and the opening 14 is also rectangular. 12 is the same.
  • rounded corners may be provided at all four corners of the rectangular slot.
  • the size of the cover body 2 can be increased as much as possible, so that a more uniform and stable pressing force can be applied to the sealing member 3 through the cover body 2, which can not only improve the sealing effect, but also move the cover body 2 more smoothly.
  • the size of the actuating portion 21 can also be increased, so that the driving force can be easily applied, so as to improve the smoothness of the movement of the cover body 2 .
  • the accommodating portion 12 is integrally formed with an oblong groove, and correspondingly, the limiting portion 22 is circular.
  • the mounting part 4 includes a mounting ring 41 and two limiting platforms 42 .
  • the mounting ring 41 has a rectangular annular structure, and the two limiting platforms 42 are respectively connected to the mounting ring 41 along the moving direction of the cover body 2
  • the inner side wall of the end cap 41 extends relatively inward, the mounting ring 41 is fixed on the end cap main body 1, the accommodating portion 12 is formed between the limit table 42 and the end cap main body 1, and the bottom surface of the limit table 42 serves as the first limit wall 12A .
  • the end cap 10 ′ includes an end cap body 1 and a mounting part 4 .
  • the outer surface of the end cap body 1 along the thickness direction is provided with a first groove 15 , and the mounting part 4 is fixed on the first groove 15 .
  • the through hole 11 is provided on the bottom wall of the first groove 15 .
  • This structure can reduce the height of the mounting part 4 relative to the end cap body 1 to reduce the height of the liquid injection member protruding from the end cap body 1 , thereby reducing the overall height of the battery cell 400 and at the same time reducing the battery cell 400
  • the height of the installation part 4 is not higher than the first groove 15 , and the height of the cover body 2 is not higher than the height of the installation part 4 .
  • the liquid injection member does not protrude from the end cap body 1 .
  • the mounting member 4 can be fixed in the first groove 15 in various ways.
  • the side surface of the mounting part 4 and the first groove 15 is a tapered surface, and the radial dimension of the open end of the first groove 15 is larger than the radial dimension of the bottom of the first groove 15.
  • the mating surface of the groove 15 is welded by laser.
  • the side wall of the first groove 15 is designed as a tapered surface, which can guide the installation component 4 into the first groove 15, and when laser welding is used, the laser incident path can be free from gaps, and the welding is not easy. Explosion points will occur due to gaps, improving the structural strength of the welding.
  • the sealing member 3 is fixed to the cover body 2, for example, by means of bonding or fasteners, so that when the cover body 2 moves, the sealing member 3 can move synchronously with the cover body 2 reliably, without any It is easy to disengage, which can improve the sealing effect, and the cover body 2 is not easily stuck during the movement process.
  • the cover body 2 is in contact with the sealing member 3, and the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the sealing member 3 and the cover body 2 is greater than the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the sealing member 3 and the end cap 10'.
  • the surface of the limiting portion 22 facing the sealing member 3 is provided with a second groove 221 , and at least part of the sealing member 3 is located in the second groove 221 .
  • the sidewall of the second groove 221 forms a constraint on the sealing member 3 to ensure that during the movement of the cover body 2, the sealing member 3 and the cover body 2 move synchronously without separation.
  • the limiting portion 22 is rectangular
  • the sealing member 3 is also rectangular
  • rounded corners are arranged around to form a sealing gasket
  • the second groove 221 is a rectangular groove.
  • the sealing member 3 is arranged in the second groove 221 and partially protrudes from the bottom surface of the limiting portion 22 , so as to obtain a better sealing effect through the compression of the sealing member 3 .
  • the sealing member 3 is fixed in the second groove 221 of the cover body 2, and the entirety of the mounting member 4 is placed in the area for forming the accommodating portion 12, and the actuating portion 21 is located in the opening within 14.
  • the mounting member 4 is put into the first groove 15, and the mounting member 4 and the end cap body 1 are fixed by welding or the like.
  • the actuating part 21 is clamped with a tool to drive the cover body 2 to move along the extending direction of the accommodating part 12 , as shown in FIG.
  • the cover body 2 and the sealing member 3 avoid the through hole 11, and in this state, the liquid can be injected from the through hole 11.
  • the actuating portion 21 is clamped with a tool to drive the cover body 2 to move in the opposite direction along the extending direction of the accommodating portion 12. As shown in FIG. When the other end portion in the extending direction is in contact, that is, when the first limit position is reached, the cover body 2 and the sealing member 3 cover the through hole 11 to seal the through hole 11 .
  • 15 to 20B are schematic structural diagrams of the end cap assembly 10 according to the second embodiment of the present application.
  • the cover body 2 is configured to reach the first position and the second position by being rotated about the center of the accommodating portion 12 .
  • the through hole 11 is located in the area where the accommodating portion 12 is located. During the rotation, the position of the seal 3 remains unchanged, and only the circumferential angular position is changed.
  • This embodiment uses the rotating cover body 2 to open or close the through hole 11 . Compared with the embodiment in which the cover body 2 is moved, there is no need to reserve extra space for the movement of the cover body 2 .
  • switching between the first position and the second position by rotating around its own center is beneficial to increase the size of the cover body 2, facilitate the application of a stable driving force, and accordingly is beneficial to increase the size of the sealing member 3 to obtain more Excellent sealing effect.
  • the position of the sealing member 3 does not change during the rotation process, and local uneven deformation will not occur during the movement process, ensuring that the cover body 2 can move smoothly.
  • the through hole 11 is provided offset from the center of the accommodating portion 12 , so that the shielding state of the through hole 11 by the sealing member 3 can be controlled when the cover body 2 is rotated.
  • the accommodating portion 12 is formed by the following structure.
  • the end cap 10' includes an end cap body 1 and a mounting part 4 .
  • the outer surface of the end cap body 1 along the thickness direction is provided with a first groove 15 , and the mounting part 4 is fixed in the first groove 15 .
  • the mounting part 4 is in the shape of a disc, and the first groove 15 is also in a circular shape.
  • a third groove 43 is provided on the surface of the mounting member 4 facing the bottom wall of the first groove 15 , and a receiving portion 12 is formed between the third groove 43 and the bottom wall of the first groove 15 , the sealing member 3 and the limiting portion 22 is superimposed in the accommodating portion 12 .
  • the through hole 11 includes a first through hole segment 111 and a second through hole segment 112 arranged coaxially.
  • the first through hole segment 111 is provided on the bottom wall of the first groove 15
  • the hole section 112 is provided on the mounting part 4 , that is, on the bottom wall of the third groove 43 .
  • the sealing member 3 is provided with a first avoidance hole 31, and the limiting portion 22 is provided with a second avoidance hole 222.
  • the first pass The hole segment 111 , the first avoidance hole 31 , the second avoidance hole 222 and the second through hole segment 112 are aligned, and the first through hole segment 111 is aligned with the second through hole 31 and the second avoidance hole 222
  • the through-hole sections 112 are connected, and liquid injection can be performed in this state.
  • the first avoidance hole 31 and the second avoidance hole 222 are in the area where the opening 14 is located, and the first through hole section 111 and the second The through-hole section 112 is separated by the limiting portion 22 and the sealing member 3 , and in this state, the first through-hole section 111 is sealed.
  • the mounting member 4 is provided with an opening 14, the opening 14 is an arc-shaped oblong hole, and the opening 14 is simultaneously connected to the outside of the accommodating portion 12 and the end cover 10' Connected.
  • the cover body 2 further includes an actuating portion 21 .
  • the actuating portion 21 is provided on the top of the limiting portion 22 and is movable within the opening 14 , and is configured to receive an external driving force to move the cover body 2 .
  • the opening 14 may be provided at a position near the outer periphery of the mounting member 4, and the actuating portion 21 may be a cylindrical boss.
  • the top portion of the actuating portion 21 is provided with a slot 212, which is configured to cooperate with an external component for applying driving force to drive the cover body 2 to move.
  • the card slot 212 may be a circular hole. This structure is convenient to insert the tool into the card slot 212 to form a nested engagement, so as to drive the cover body 2 to move.
  • the first position and the second position are respectively the first limit position and the second limit position where the cover body 2 moves in opposite directions.
  • This structure can reduce the extension length of the opening 14, thereby ensuring the structural strength of the mounting member 4.
  • the opening 14 cooperates with the actuating portion 21 through two ends along the circumferential direction, respectively defining a first limit position and a second limit position.
  • Such a structure can realize the limit of the movement stroke of the cover body 2 through a simple structure, so that the cover body 2 can accurately reach the first position or the second position.
  • the two second side walls 142 of the opening 14 are configured to provide guidance for the movement of the actuating portion 21 .
  • This structure can prevent the cover body 2 from shaking or stuck during the rotation process, so as to ensure the smooth rotation of the cover body 2, improve the stability of the cover body 2 when it rotates, and thus successfully realize the secondary liquid injection.
  • the openings 14 are located between adjacent through holes 11 along the circumferential direction, and one opening 14 may be provided, Or in order to guide the cover body 2 to rotate smoothly, two openings 14 are provided, and the two openings 14 are located on both sides of the through hole 11 and are oppositely arranged.
  • the positional relationship between the at least two first avoidance holes 31 is the same as the positional relationship between the plurality of second through hole segments 112 on the mounting member 4 .
  • the positional relationship is the same.
  • At least two second avoidance holes 222 are also provided, and the positional relationship between the at least two second avoidance holes 222 is the same as that of the plurality of second through hole segments 112 on the mounting member 4 .
  • the positional relationship is the same.
  • the liquid injection efficiency can be improved, and the gas inside the housing 40 can be released more easily.
  • the sealing member 3 can be fixed to the limiting portion 22 in various ways. For example glued or connected by fasteners. As shown in FIG. 19 , the sealing member 3 is provided with a plurality of fixing holes 32 , for example, four fixing holes 32 may be provided. As shown in FIG. 20B , a plurality of undercuts 223 are provided on the surface of the limiting portion 22 away from the actuating portion 21 , and the undercuts 223 are inserted into the fixing holes 32 to realize the fixing of the sealing member 3 and the cover body 2 . Such a structure can improve the reliability of the fixing of the sealing member 3 and the cover body 2, thereby improving the sealing performance.
  • the end cap assembly 10 When the end cap assembly 10 is assembled: firstly, the sealing member 3 and the cover body 2 are fixed, and the whole is put into the third groove 43 on the mounting member 4, and the two actuating parts 21 are located in the two openings 14 respectively. . Next, the mounting member 4 is put into the first groove 15, and the mounting member 4 and the end cap body 1 are fixed by welding or the like.
  • the present application further provides a case assembly 410 for the battery cell 400.
  • the case assembly 410 includes : shell 40 , seal 3 and cover 2 .
  • the side wall of the casing 40 is provided with a through hole 11 for injecting electrolyte and a accommodating portion 12 .
  • the sealing member 3 is configured to seal the through hole 11
  • the cover body 2 is configured to cover at least part of the sealing member 3 , and is movable together with the sealing member 3
  • the cover body 2 includes a limit portion 22
  • the limit portion 22 is located in the accommodating portion 12 .
  • the cover body 2 is configured to move relative to the housing 40 through the movement of the limiting portion 22 relative to the accommodating portion 12 .
  • the sealing member 3 when the cover body 2 moves to the first position, the sealing member 3 covers the through hole 11 ; when the cover body 2 moves to the second position, the sealing member 3 avoids the through hole 11 .
  • the through hole 11 can be provided on any wall surface of the casing 40.
  • the end cap body 1 is provided with the terminal 5 and the pressure relief member 6, Or in other structures, an end cap temperature mining structure is also provided, and the remaining area on the end cap body 1 is small.
  • the structural strength is further improved, the reliability of the closed electrolyte is improved under the vibrating working environment, and the movement of the cover body 2 is also facilitated.
  • the secondary liquid injection can be realized by changing the positions of the cover body 2 and the sealing member 3 .
  • the present application can effectively slow down the degree of reduction in the capacity of the battery cells and improve the service life of the battery cells 400 .
  • the battery cell 400 of the present application may include: an electrode assembly 30 and a casing 410 ′ for accommodating the electrode assembly 30 , and the casing 410 ′ includes the casing 40 and the above embodiment
  • the housing 40 has an end opening, and the end cap assembly 10 covers the end opening of the housing 40 .
  • the electrode assembly 30 and a casing 410 ′ for accommodating the electrode assembly 30 the casing 410 ′ includes the end cap body 1 and the casing assembly 410 of the above-mentioned embodiment
  • the casing 40 has an end opening, the end The cover main body 1 covers the end opening of the case 40 .
  • the present application also provides a liquid injection method for the battery cell 400, which can be based on the battery cell 400 of the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • the liquid injection method includes:
  • Step S101 move the cover body 2 and the sealing member 3 to the second position together, so that the sealing member 3 avoids the through hole 11 on the casing 410' of the battery cell 400;
  • Step S102 injecting electrolyte through the through hole 11;
  • Step S103 move the cover body 2 and the sealing member 3 to the first position together, so that the sealing member 3 covers the through hole 11;
  • the limiting portion 22 of the cover body 2 moves within the accommodating portion 12 on the housing 410', and restricts the cover body 2 from being separated from the housing 410'.
  • the present application Compared with the traditional method of closing the liquid injection hole by laser welding, the present application not only avoids the welding process, but also avoids the subsequent cleaning of welding slag caused by welding and drying of the cleaning residual liquid and other processes. . Therefore, the present application improves the production efficiency of the battery cells 400 .
  • the present application realizes the opening and closing of the through hole 11 through the movement of the cover body 2, without removing the cover body 2 and the sealing member 3, which is simple and quick, and can improve the assembly efficiency of the liquid injection member during the assembly process of the battery cell 400, thereby The production efficiency of the battery cells 400 is further improved.
  • the present application also provides a liquid injection device 500 for injecting liquid into the battery cells 400, which can be used to implement the above-mentioned liquid injection method.
  • the liquid injection device 500 includes: a liquid injection mechanism 501 configured to inject the electrolyte into the casing 410 ′ through the through holes 11 provided on the casing 410 ′ of the battery cell 400 ; and the cover actuating mechanism 502, configured to apply a driving force to the cover 2, so that the cover 2 and the seal 3 move together to the first position to cover the through hole 11, or to make the cover 2 and the seal 3 together Move to the second position to avoid the through hole 11 .
  • the cover body 2 moves within the accommodating portion 12 on the housing 410', and restricts the cover body 2 from being separated from the housing 410'.
  • the present application not only avoids the welding process, but also avoids cleaning welding slag caused by welding and drying the cleaning residual liquid and other processes.
  • the apparatus can produce the battery cells 400 simply and efficiently, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the battery cells 400 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Filling, Topping-Up Batteries (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

一种端盖组件(10)、电池单体(400)及其注液方法、电池(200)、用电装置，其中，端盖组件(10)，用于电池单体(400)，端盖组件(10)包括：端盖(10')，设有用于注入电解液的通孔(11)和容纳部(12)；密封件(3)，被配置为密封通孔(11)；以及盖体(2)，覆盖至少部分密封件(3)，盖体(2)包括限位部(22)，限位部(22)位于容纳部(12)内，以限制盖体(2)脱离端盖(10')，盖体(2)被配置为通过限位部(22)相对于容纳部(12)的运动，与密封件(3)一起可运动地设置；其中，在盖体(2)运动至第一位置时，密封件(3)覆盖通孔(11)；在盖体(2)运动至第二位置时，密封件(3)离开通孔(11)。

Description

端盖组件、电池单体及其注液方法、电池、用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种端盖组件、电池单体及其注液方法、电池、用电装置。
背景技术
随着由于锂离子等电池具有能量密度高、功率密度高、循环使用次数多、存储时间长等优点，在电动汽车上面已普遍应用。
但是，延长电动汽车的电池使用寿命，一直是业内的一个难题。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提高性能改进的锂离子电池。
根据本申请的第一方面，提供了一种端盖组件，用于电池单体，端盖组件包括：
端盖，设有用于注入电解液的通孔和容纳部；
密封件，被配置为密封通孔；以及
盖体，覆盖至少部分密封件，且与密封件一起可运动，盖体包括限位部，限位部位于容纳部内，以限制盖体脱离端盖，盖体被配置为通过限位部在容纳部内的运动相对于端盖运动；
其中，在盖体运动至第一位置时，密封件覆盖通孔；在盖体运动至第二位置时，密封件避开通孔。
在一些实施例中，第一位置和第二位置分别为盖体沿相反方向运动的第一极限位置和第二极限位置。
在一些实施例中，端盖上设有与容纳部连通的开口，盖体还包括致动部，盖体还包括与限位部连接的致动部，致动部被配置为通过接收外部驱动力在开口内移动。
在一些实施例中，致动部朝向端盖沿厚度方向的外侧穿过开口。
在一些实施例中，容纳部沿盖体运动方向的两个侧壁被配置为对限位部的运动提供导向；和/或开口沿盖体运动方向的两个侧壁被配置为对致动部的运动提供导向。
在一些实施例中，第一位置和第二位置分别为盖体沿相反方向运动的第一极限位置和第二极限位置；
容纳部通过沿盖体运动方向的两端与限位部配合，分别限定第一极限位置和第二极限位置；和/或
开口通过沿盖体运动方向的两端与致动部配合，分别限定第一极限位置和第二极限位置。
在一些实施例中，开口的侧壁与致动部之间设有限位结构，限位结构被配置为将盖体限位于第一位置。
在一些实施例中，限位结构包括：
凸出部，设置于开口沿着盖体运动方向的侧壁；和
限位开口，设置于致动部沿着盖体运动方向的侧壁，且凸出部被配置为在盖体运动至第一位置时与限位开口卡合。
在一些实施例中，致动部上设有卡槽，被配置为与外部用于施加驱动力的部件配合，以驱动盖体运动。
在一些实施例中，容纳部包括第一限位壁、与第一限位壁相对设置的第二限位壁以及用于连接第一限位壁与第二限位壁的第一侧壁。
在一些实施例中，在盖体处于自由状态时，第一限位壁与限位部相抵，第二限位壁与限位部具有间隙。
在一些实施例中，端盖包括端盖主体和安装部件，安装部件设置于端盖主体的表面，且通孔位于安装部件围合形成的区域，容纳部由安装部件与端盖主体围合形成。
在一些实施例中，端盖主体沿厚度方向的外表面设有第一凹槽，安装部件固定于第一凹槽内。
在一些实施例中，安装部件和盖体均不高于第一凹槽。
在一些实施例中，密封件与盖体固定；和/或盖体与密封件接触，密封件与盖体接触表面的摩擦系数大于密封件与端盖接触表面的摩擦系数。
在一些实施例中，限位部朝向密封件的面上设有第二凹槽，密封件的至少部分位于第二凹槽内。
在一些实施例中，盖体被配置为通过沿容纳部的延伸方向移动到达第一位置和第二位置。
在一些实施例中，容纳部沿端盖的长度方向和宽度方向中的至少一个方向延伸。
在一些实施例中，通孔偏离容纳部沿延伸方向的中心位置设置。
在一些实施例中，端盖包括端盖主体和安装部件，端盖主体沿厚度方向的外表面设有第一凹槽，安装部件固定于第一凹槽内，通孔设在第一凹槽的底壁上。
在一些实施例中，限位部为矩形块，容纳部整体形成矩形槽。
在一些实施例中，盖体被配置为通过绕容纳部的中心旋转到达第一位置和第二位置。
在一些实施例中，通孔偏离容纳部的中心设置。
在一些实施例中，端盖包括端盖主体和安装部件，端盖主体沿厚度方向的外表面设有第一凹槽，安装部件固定于第一凹槽内；
通孔包括同轴设置的第一通孔段和第二通孔段，第一通孔段设在第一凹槽的底壁上，第二通孔段设在安装部件上；
密封件上设有第一避开孔，限位部上设有第二避开孔，在盖体运动至第二位置时，第一通孔段通过第一避开孔和第二避开孔与第二通孔段连通。
在一些实施例中，端盖上设有与容纳部连通的开口，盖体还包括致动部，致动部与限位部连接且在开口内可移动，被配置为接收外部驱动力使盖体运动；
在容纳部的周向上，通孔设有至少两个，开口沿周向位于相邻通孔之间。
根据本申请的第二方面，提供了一种壳体组件，包括：
壳体，壳体的侧壁上设有用于注入电解液的通孔和容纳部；
密封件，被配置为密封通孔；以及
盖体，被配置为覆盖至少部分密封件，且与密封件一起可运动，盖体包括限位 部，限位部位于容纳部内，以限制盖体脱离壳体，盖体被配置为通过限位部相对于容纳部的运动相对于壳体运动；
其中，在盖体运动至第一位置时，密封件覆盖通孔；在盖体运动至第二位置时，密封件避开通孔。
根据本申请的第三方面，提供了一种电池单体，包括：电极组件和用于容纳电极组件的外壳，外壳包括壳体和上述实施例的端盖组件，壳体具有端部开口，端盖组件覆盖壳体的端部开口；或者，
电极组件和用于容纳电极组件的外壳，外壳包括端盖主体和上述实施例的壳体组件，壳体具有端部开口，端盖主体覆盖壳体的端部开口。
根据本申请的第四方面，提供了一种电池，包括：多个上述实施例的电池单体
根据本申请的第五方面，提供了一种用电装置，包括：上述实施例的电池单体，其中电池单体用于提供电能。
根据本申请的第六方面，提供了一种电池单体的注液方法，包括：
使盖体和密封件一起运动至第二位置，以使密封件避开电池单体的外壳上的通孔；
通过通孔注入电解液；
使盖体和密封件一起运动至第一位置，以使密封件覆盖通孔；
其中，在盖体运动过程中，盖体的限位部在外壳上的容纳部内运动，并限制盖体脱离外壳。
根据本申请的第七方面，提供了一种注液装置，用于电池单体，包括：
注液机构，被配置为将电解液通过设在电池单体的外壳上的通孔注入外壳内；和
盖体致动机构，被配置为向盖体施加驱动力，以使盖体和密封件一起运动至第一位置覆盖通孔，或使盖体与密封件一起运动至第二位置避开通孔；
其中，在盖体运动过程中，盖体的限位部在外壳上的容纳部内运动，并限制盖体脱离外壳。
本申请实施例的端盖组件，通过改变盖体与密封件的位置即可实现二次注液。通过方便地二次注液，本申请可以有效减缓电芯容量降低的程度，提升电池单体的使用寿命。而且，在二次注液时无需将盖体和密封件从端盖上拆下，省去了在二次注液过程中拆装盖体和密封件的环节，更加易于操作，且能避免零件丢失，在生产时可提高电池单体的装配效率，在二次注液时可缩短维护时间。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1A为采用本申请采用电池单体安装于车辆的一些实施例的结构示意图；
图1B为本申请电池的一些实施例的结构示意图；
图1C为本申请电池模块的一些实施例的结构示意图；
图1D为本申请电池单体的一些实施例的结构示意图；
图1E为本申请电池单体的一些实施例的分解图；
图2为本申请电池单体中端盖组件的第一实施例的结构示意图；
图3为图2所示端盖组件的分解图；
图4为图2所示端盖组件中盖体运动至第一位置时的俯视图；
图5为图4的A-A剖视图；
图6为图5的B处放大图；
图7为图2所示端盖组件中盖体运动至第二位置时的俯视图；
图8为图7的C-C剖视图；
图9为图8的D处放大图；
图10为图2所示端盖组件在端盖主体上设置第一凹槽的结构示意图；
图11A和图11B分别为图2所示端盖组件中安装部件的两种结构示意图；
图11C和图11D分别为11A所示安装部件的俯视图和E-E剖视图；
图12A和12B分别为图2所示端盖组件中盖体的俯视图和F-F剖视图；
图12C和图12D分别为图12A所示盖体的第一视角和第二视角的结构示意图；
图13A和图13B分别为图2所示端盖组件中密封件安装于盖体的结构示意图和G-G剖视图；
图13C和图13D分别为图2所示端盖组件中密封件与盖体的分解图和安装示意图；
图14为图2所示端盖组件中盖体的一个变形例的结构示意图；
图15为本申请电池单体中端盖组件的第二实施例的分解图；
图16A和图16B分别为图15所示端盖组件中盖体处于第一位置和第二位置的状态示意图；
图17为图16B所示端盖组件的H-H剖视图；
图18为图15所示端盖组件中安装部件的结构示意图；
图19为图15所示端盖组件中密封件的结构示意图；
图20A和图20B分别为图15所示端盖组件中盖体的顶部和底部结构示意图；
图21为本申请电池单体中外壳的一些实施例的结构示意图；
图22为本申请电池单体注液方法的一些实施例的流程示意图；
图23为本申请注液装置的一些实施例的组成示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：
100、车辆；200、电池；300、电池模块；400、电池单体；500、注液装置；
10、端盖组件；10’、端盖；20、转接件；30、电极组件；301、极耳；40、壳体；
1、端盖主体；11、通孔；111、第一通孔段；112、第二通孔段；12、容纳部；12A、第一限位壁；12B、第二限位壁；12C、第一侧壁；13、引导部；14、开口；141、凸出部；142、第二侧壁；15、第一凹槽；
2、盖体；21、致动部；21A、凸块；211、限位开口；212、卡槽；22、限位部；221、第二凹槽；222、第二避开孔；223、倒扣；
3、密封件；31、第一避开孔；32、固定孔；
4、安装部件；41、安装环；42、限位台；43、第三凹槽；
5、端子；6、泄压部件；
101、车桥；102、车轮；103、马达；104、控制器；
201、第一壳体；202、第二壳体；
410、壳体组件；410’、外壳；
501、注液机构；502、盖体致动机构。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
为了在以下实施例中清楚地描述各个方位，例如图1D中的坐标系对电池单体400的各个方向进行了定义，x方向表示电池单体400的长度方向；y方向在水平面内与x方向垂直，表示电池单体400的宽度方向；z方向垂直于x和y方向形成的平面，表示电池单体400的高度方向。基于此种方位定义，采用了“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”、“前”、“后”、“内”和“外”等指示的方位或位置关系的描述，这仅是为了便于描述本申请，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制。
造成锂离子电池单体使用寿命的问题有很多，多年来本领域技术人员尝试从很多不同的角度解决该问题，但是，一直未达到预期的效果。
作为本申请发明创造过程的一部分，发明人经过无数次试验和验证，发现造成电池使用寿命问题的原因之一是电池在使用过程中，多次经历充放电循环，电池单体内部电解液不可避免会发生不可逆的反应消耗，电池单体使用容量随之降低。因此，发明人发现如果可以在电池单体使用过程中，对电池单体内部电解液进行补充，将能有效减缓电池单体容量降低的程度，提升电池单体的使用寿命。
锂离子电池单体主要由正极材料、负极材料、电解液、隔膜四部分组成，其中，电解液是在电池单体的正、负极之间起传导作用的离子导体，一般由电解质锂盐和有机溶剂两部分组成。为了防止在使用过程中有电解液外渗污染周围空气和环境，或有水汽 或金属颗粒进入电池单体内部，造成正负电极短路，因此电池单体对结构的封闭性要求高。在发明人所知晓的相关技术中，电池单体的电解液灌注通常在生产阶段进行，完成电解液灌注后，为保证电池单体的密封性，通常采用激光焊接方式将注液孔封闭。
此种电池单体在使用过程中难以进行补液，若想进行补液，也需破坏激光焊缝结构，难以再次密封，且会对电池单体的结构造成不可逆损坏，影响电池单体使用性能。
有鉴于此，本申请欲提供一种电池单体，能够在不破坏电池单体结构的基础上通过改变注液构件中封闭部件的位置进行补液，并在补液完成后将注液孔封闭。但是，结合锂电池单体电池单体的结构特点和性能要求，设计具有此种功能注液构件的电池单体同时还需要解决诸多问题。例如：
1、锂电池整体的体积小，端盖上除了设置端子和防爆阀，剩余空间较为有限，若要通过改变封闭部件的位置实现重复注液难度较大。
2、由于锂电池端盖剩余空间有限，相应地注液孔的尺寸也较小，封闭部件的体积也较小，若要通过外部操作改变封闭部件的位置，需要便于操作，以缩短维护时间。
3、要使注液构件具有足够的强度，以防止在二次注液操作过程中破坏注液构件，并提高注液构件封闭注液孔时的结构强度，从而保证电池工作的可靠性和使用寿命。
4、在二次注液过程中，要防止外部杂质或者电池上挤压掉落的金属屑掉入壳体内造成电极组件的正负电极短路。
5、电池应用于车辆中时，车辆在工作过程中会发生振动，需要使注液构件将注液孔可靠封闭，并保证长期使用的可靠性和寿命。
在综合考虑上述技术问题的基础上，本申请提供了一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置，可以方便地实现电池单体的二次注液。即通过预留注液孔，把电解液按照需要的量注入电池内部的过程，分为一次注液和二次注液。二次注液还可以被称为补充注液，进一步注液等。二次注液的含义是对电池补充或更换电解液，或往电池里添加或补充任何固体，液体或气体的过程。通过实现方便地二次注液，本申请可以有效减缓电芯容量降低的程度，提升电池单体400的使用寿命。
用电装置包括用于为装置提供电能的电池单体400，装置可以是手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等，电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨。
如图1A所示，用电装置可以是车辆100，例如新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；或者用电装置也可以是无人机或轮船等。具体地，车辆100可包括车桥101、连接于车桥101的车轮102、马达103、控制器104和电池200，马达103用于驱动车桥101转动，控制器104用于控制马达103工作，电池200中包括多个电池单体400，用于为马达103以及车辆中其它部件的工作提供电能。可实现二次注液的电池单体400可以使该装置减小电池单体更换频率，节约成本，并提高装置工作的可靠性和动力性能。
为了使电池单体400达到较高的功率以满足使用需求，如图1B所示，用电装置 中可设置电池200。在一些实施例中，电池200包括相互扣合的第一壳体201和第二壳体202，其中，在第一壳体201和第二壳体202围合形成的空间内，可以设置多个电池单体400、多个电池单体400成组形成电池模块300或者两者的组合。
如图1C所示，电池模块300包括多个电池单体400，多个电池单体400可通过串联、并联或混联的方式连接以实现较大的容量或功率。例如，如图1C所示，电池单体400可立放，电池单体400的高度方向与竖直方向一致，多个电池单体400沿宽度方向并排设置；或者电池单体400可平放，电池单体400的宽度方向与竖直方向一致，多个电池单体400沿宽度方向可堆叠至少一层，每一层中包括沿长度方向间隔设置的多个电池单体400。
为了使本领域技术人员清楚地了解本申请的改进点，首先对电池单体400的整体结构进行说明。
如图1D所示，电池单体400包括壳体40和端盖组件10，端盖组件10封闭壳体40的开口端。
如图1E的分解图所示，电池单体400包括壳体40、电极组件30和端盖组件10，端盖组件10与壳体40连接形成电池单体400的外壳，电极组件30设在壳体40内，且壳体40内填充电解液。电池单体400可以为方形，圆柱形或其他形状。端盖组件10包括泄压部件6，例如防爆阀，泄压部件6被配置为在电池单体400的内部压力达到阈值时被致动，以泄放电池单体400内部压力。
根据实际使用需求，电极组件30可设置为单个，或多个。如图1E所示，也可在电池单体400内设置至少两个独立卷绕的电极组件30。电极组件30可通过将第一极片、第二极片以及位于第一极片和第二极片之间的隔膜一同卷绕或堆叠而形成主体部分，其中，隔膜是介于第一极片和第二极片之间的绝缘体。主体部分具有相对的两个端面。在本实施例中，示例性地以第一极片为正极片，第二极片为负极片进行说明。正极活性物质被涂覆在正极片的涂覆区上，而负极活性物质被涂覆到负极片的涂覆区上。由主体部分的涂覆区延伸出的多个未涂覆区层叠作为极耳。电极组件包括两个极耳301，即正极耳和负极耳。正极耳从正极片的涂覆区延伸出，而负极耳从负极片的涂覆区延伸出。
端盖组件10设在电极组件30顶部，如图1E所示，端盖组件10包括端盖10’和两个端子5，两个端子5分别为正极端子和负极端子，每个端子5对应设置一个转接件20，转接件20位于端盖主体1与电极组件30之间。例如，图1E中电极组件30的极耳301位于顶部，正极极耳通过一个转接件20与正极端子连接，负极极耳通过另一个转接件20与负极端子连接。可选的，电池单体400可以包括两个端盖组件10，分别设置于壳体40的两端，每个端盖组件10上设置一个端子5。
在描述了电池单体400的整体结构和应用之后，下面将对本申请的改进点进行详细阐述，首先以注液构件设在端盖组件10中为例进行说明，基于此种结构本申请给出了多个实施例。
在一些实施例中，如图2至图20B所示，用于电池单体400的端盖组件10包括：端盖10’、密封件3和盖体2。
其中，端盖10’设有用于注入电解液的通孔11和容纳部12，容纳部12可以是空腔，通孔11位于容纳部12围成的区域。例如，端盖10’可呈矩形板状结构，以电池单体400为基准，通孔11可沿电池单体400的高度方向设置，即沿端盖10’的厚度方向设置， 或者也可倾斜设置。通孔11可采用圆孔、椭圆孔、多边形孔或其它形状的孔。
密封件3被配置为密封通孔11，例如，密封件3可选用耐电解液，表面平整耐磨的高弹性材料，优选橡胶或其他弹性塑胶。盖体2覆盖至少部分密封件3，且盖体2与密封件3一起可运动。盖体2可压住密封件3，使密封件3发生变形而提高密封效果，或者仅与密封件3接触限制其沿高度方向的自由度。盖体2可全部覆盖密封件3，以便向密封件3施加压力、限位或者防止外部杂质进入电池；或者在密封件3能独立封闭通孔11的情况下，盖体2也可部分覆盖密封件3。
盖体2可包括限位部22，限位部22位于容纳部12内，以限制盖体2脱离端盖10’，盖体2被配置为通过限位部22在容纳部12内的运动相对于端盖10’运动。例如，盖体2选用不易变形的高强度金属，可选用钢材或铝材。
其中，在盖体2运动至第一位置时，密封件3覆盖通孔11，以密封电解液；在盖体2运动至第二位置时，密封件3避开通孔11，以注入电解液。
本申请通过盖体2带动密封件3运动即可在封闭通孔11和打开通孔11的状态切换，以实现二次注液。通过方便地二次注液，本申请可以有效减缓电池单体400容量降低的程度，提升电池的使用寿命。进一步的，在盖体2运动至第二位置时，通孔11将壳体40内部与外部大气连通，可以排出壳体40内的气体或者极片之间的气泡。
通过排出极片之间的气泡，缩短极片间的间隙，可以提高电池单体400的循环性能，进一步地提高电池单体400的使用寿命。
通过排出电池单体400壳体内的气体，本申请还可以释放壳体40内的压力，从而降低壳体内气体对泄压部件6的持续受力，降低泄压部件6蠕变破裂导致电池单体400漏液或进去水汽寿命缩短的风险，从而进一步地提高电芯的使用寿命，同时可以降低电池单体400内部气体大使得电池单体400发生膨胀对其他结构施加的作用力，避免其他结构因电池单体400膨胀力过大而发生结构破损，从而提高电池的使用寿命。
限位部22与容纳部12之间采用卡合结构，易于保证卡合强度，结构简单，对配合精度要求较低；而且，在拆装次数较多的情况下，也能防止卡合结构发生损坏。而且在电池单体400应用于车辆100时，由于车辆100在工作过程中会发生振动，本申请通过提高限位部22与容纳部12卡合的强度，能够防止限位部22与容纳部12长期受到振动而发生损坏，从而保证电池单体400工作的可靠性和使用寿命。
本申请通过盖体2带动密封件3运动改变位置实现通孔11的打开与封闭，在打开盖体2时不会破坏注液结构，在二次注液完成后还可以将通孔11可靠地封闭，可保证电池在二次注液后工作的可靠性。因此电池单体400的外观与注液前保持一致，也不影响二次注液后的使用。进一步的，因为直接通过使盖体2运动实现通孔11的封闭，因此无需通过激光焊接实现通孔11的密封，减少了激光焊接前对通孔11的清洗步骤，提高了电池生产效率。
另外，在加工方面，盖体2上设置限位部22，端盖10’上设置容纳部12都易于加工，适合于整体尺寸较小的锂离子电池。在装配维护方面，仅通过盖体2带动密封件3运动即可实现二次注液，无需将盖体2和密封件3从端盖10’上拆下，省去了在二次注液过程中拆装盖体2和密封件3的环节，更加易于操作，且能避免零件丢失，在生产时可提高电池单体400的装配效率，在二次注液时可缩短维护时间。
图2至图14为本申请第一实施例的端盖组件10的结构示意图。
如图2所示，盖体2被配置为通过沿容纳部12的延伸方向移动到达第一位置和第二位置。
该实施例通过推拉盖体2打开或封闭通孔11的方式便于施加稳定的推拉力，使盖体2和密封件3平稳移动；而且，在第二位置时，盖体2与密封件3整体离开了通孔11，更方便注液，可防止电解液腐蚀密封件3，从而提高密封件3的使用寿命。
其中，根据通孔11的设置位置，容纳部12可沿端盖10’的长度方向和宽度方向中的至少一个方向延伸。
如图4至图6所示，容纳部12沿端盖10’的宽度方向延伸，在长度方向上，容纳部12可位于端子5与泄压部件6之间。由于端子5与泄压部件6之间的距离较小，容纳部12沿端盖10’的宽度方向延伸可保证端盖10’在该区域的结构强度，防止在向盖体2施加外力过程中使端盖10’变形。
可选地，容纳部12可沿端盖10’的长度方向延伸，或者容纳部12沿L形延伸，或者容纳部12沿曲线延伸，例如圆弧或圆形等。
可选地，容纳部12的截面形状为C形或V形。
在一些实施例中，第一位置和第二位置分别为盖体2沿相反方向运动的第一极限位置和第二极限位置。此种结构能够减小容纳部12的延伸长度，从而保证端盖10’的结构强度。
如图4所示，盖体2处于第一位置，第一位置为盖体2沿端盖10’宽度方向移动的第一极限位置，此时密封件3完全覆盖通孔11，以封闭通孔11。如图7所示，盖体2处于第二位置，第二位置为盖体2沿端盖10’宽度方向移动的第二极限位置，此时密封件3完全避开通孔11，以打开通孔11。
如图7所示，通孔11偏离容纳部12沿延伸方向的中心位置设置，且通孔11位于盖体2的移动路径上。在盖体2分别移动至容纳部12延伸方向的两端时，使密封件3完全覆盖通孔11或完全避开通孔11，以实现通孔11的封闭与打开。此种结构能够减小容纳部12的延伸长度。
如图6所示，端盖10’上设有与容纳部12连通的开口14，且开口14与端盖10’的外侧连通，盖体2还包括与限位部22连接的致动部21，致动部21被配置为通过接收外部驱动力在开口14内移动，以驱动盖体2运动。
该实施例通过设置致动部21，能够方便地施加外力以驱动盖体2运动，而且能够使施加的外力更加均衡，使盖体2沿容纳部12运动顺畅，以免发生卡滞。
如图6所示，致动部21朝向端盖10’沿厚度方向的外侧穿过开口14。此种设置方式便于增大致动部21的尺寸，以向盖体2施加更加稳定的驱动力，在长期使用后也不容易发生损坏。可选地，开口14也可朝向端盖10’侧壁的外侧，相应地，致动部21朝向端盖10’侧壁的外侧穿过开口14。
如图12A和12B所示，在使盖体2移动时，可通过向致动部21沿盖体2移动方向的两个侧面施加驱动力。
为了方便向致动部21施加驱动力，如图14所示，致动部21上设有卡槽212，被配置为与外部用于施加驱动力的部件配合，以驱动盖体2运动。此种结构便于通过工装嵌入卡槽212驱动盖体2运动。具体地，致动部21包括两个凸块21A，两个凸块21A沿盖体2的运动方向分别设在限位部22的两端，两个凸块21A之间形成卡槽212。
在此基础上，第一极限位置和第二极限位置可通过如下两种方式限定。
在一种方式中，如图6和图9所示，容纳部12通过沿盖体2运动方向的两端与限位部22配合，分别限定第一极限位置和第二极限位置。此种结构能够通过简单的结构实现盖体2运动行程的限位，可使盖体2准确地到达第一位置或第二位置；而且，由于限位部22的尺寸大于致动部21，易于实现限位。
例如，容纳部12沿端盖10’的宽度方向延伸，如图6所示，在盖体2移动至第一极限位置时，限位部22与容纳部12沿延伸方向一端的内壁相抵；如图9所示，在盖体2移动至第二极限位置时，限位部22与容纳部12沿延伸方向另一端的内壁相抵。容纳部12与开口14沿延伸方向的端面可齐平，因此在限位部22抵靠于容纳部12的端壁时，致动部21与开口14的端壁仍具有一段距离。
在另一种方式中，图中未示出，开口14通过沿盖体2运动方向的两端与致动部21配合，分别限定第一极限位置和第二极限位置。
为了提高盖体2运动的稳定性，如图11A和11B所示，容纳部12沿盖体2运动方向的两个第一侧壁12C被配置为对限位部22的运动提供导向。和/或开口14沿盖体2运动方向的两个第二侧壁142被配置为对致动部21的运动提供导向。
较优地，由于容纳部12的两个第一侧壁12C之间的距离大于开口14的两个第二侧壁142之间的距离，可通过两个第一侧壁12C对限位部22的运动提供导向，为了使盖体2运动更加顺畅，使第二侧壁142与致动部21之间采用间隙配合。
该实施例能够为盖体2的运动提供导向，可防止盖体2在移动过程中发生晃动或卡滞，以保证盖体2顺利移动，提高盖体2移动时的稳定性，从而顺利地实现二次注液。而且，也能防止盖体2在处于第一位置时发生晃动，提高电解液密封的可靠性。
如图11A和12D，开口14的侧壁与致动部21之间设有限位结构，限位结构被配置为将盖体2限位于第一位置。若用电装置在工作过程中产生较大振动或冲击，限位结构可以使盖体2可靠地保持在第一位置，防止盖体2偏离第一位置造成电解液漏出，提高对电解液密封性，从而保证电池单体400工作的可靠性。
如图11A和12D，限位结构包括：凸出部141和限位开口211。其中，凸出部141设置于开口14沿着盖体2运动方向的侧壁，限位开口211设置于致动部21沿着盖体2运动方向的侧壁，且凸出部141被配置为在盖体2运动至第一位置时与限位开口211卡合。
例如，凸出部141相对于开口14的侧壁朝向开口14内部凸出，可呈圆弧状，限位开口211相对于盖体2的侧壁向内凹入，也可呈圆弧状。为了使盖体2能够顺利到达第一位置，凸出部141与开口14的侧壁的连接处，以及限位开口211与盖体2侧壁的连接处均可设置过渡圆角。
下面详细给出容纳部12的设置方式。
容纳部12与端盖10’靠近壳体40内部的面(即内侧面)之间具有预设距离，预设距离的大小不作限定，例如，容纳部12可设在端盖10’的上部区域、中部区域或下部区域，使得端盖10’的至少部分位于容纳部12与电极组件30之间，而不是将容纳部12直接开设在端盖10’的底面上。
盖体2通过旋转实现与容纳部12的限位或分离，旋转的过程中，限位部22与容纳部12的内壁之间可能发生摩擦，产生金属颗粒。由于本申请中容纳部12位于端盖10’ 远离壳体40的一侧，旋转过程中产生的金属颗粒不会直接掉入壳体40内，造成电池单体400短路，进一步提高了电池单体400的安全性。
如图10至图11B，容纳部12包括第一限位壁12A、与第一限位壁12A相对设置的第二限位壁12B以及用于连接第一限位壁12A与第二限位壁12B的第一侧壁12C。
在盖体2处于自由状态时，第一限位壁12A与限位部22相抵，第二限位壁12B与限位部22具有间隙。
例如，第一限位壁12A为顶壁，可限制盖体2沿高度方向向上运动的自由度，以限制盖体2与端盖10’分离。第二限位壁12B为底壁，且第二限位壁12B与端盖10’的内表面之间具有预设距离。
在需要使盖体2运动时，向盖体2施加向下的作用力，通过密封件3的变形使限位部22与第一限位壁12A之间产生间隙，此时向盖体2施加驱动力使限位部22顺利地沿容纳部12移动。到达第一位置后，松开盖体2，盖体2在密封件3的弹性作用下向上移动，直至限位部22的顶面与第一限位壁12A相抵，此时限位部22的底面与第二限位壁12B之间可能出现间隙。
该实施例既能够在盖体2运动时，通过向下按压盖体2减小运动阻力，又能够在盖体2到达目标位置后，释放盖体2以便使盖体2与第一限位壁12A相抵，限制盖体2移动。
可选地，第二限位壁12B也可与限位部22相抵。同样地，为了减小盖体2运动时的阻力，第一侧壁12C与限位部22之间也可具有间隙；可选地，第一侧壁12C也可与限位部22接触。
为了设置容纳部12，如图10至11B，端盖10’包括端盖主体1和安装部件4，安装部件4设置于端盖主体1的表面，且通孔11位于安装部件4围合形成的区域，容纳部12由安装部件4与端盖主体1围合形成。
该实施例将端盖10’设计为分体式结构，由于端盖主体1呈薄板状结构不易加工复杂的结构，通过设置安装部件4易于形成容纳部12，可降低端盖主体1的加工难度。而且，在装配时先将盖体2和密封件3放置于第二限位壁12B上，再将安装部件4固定于端盖主体1，由此可通过安装部件4限制盖体2与端盖主体1分离。
如图12A至图12D所示，限位部22为矩形块，致动部21也呈矩形块，且上在限位部22顶部的中心位置。如图11A至图11D，容纳部12整体形成矩形槽，例如，矩形槽沿端盖10’的宽度方向延伸，开口14也呈矩形，开口14沿端盖10’的宽度方向的尺寸与容纳部12相同。为了减小在容纳部12和开口14处的应力，在矩形槽的四个角都可设置圆角。
该实施例能够尽量增大盖体2的尺寸，以通过盖体2向密封件3施加更均匀稳定的压紧力，不仅可提高密封效果，还可更加平稳地移动盖体2。相应地，也可增加致动部21的尺寸，易于施加驱动力，以提高盖体2移动的平顺性。
可选地，容纳部12整体形成长圆形槽，相应地，限位部22呈圆形。
如图11B所示，安装部件4包括安装环41和两个限位台42，例如，安装环41呈矩形环状结构，两个限位台42分别连接于安装环41沿盖体2移动方向的内侧壁，且相对朝内延伸，安装环41固定于端盖主体1上，限位台42与端盖主体1之间形成容纳部12，限位台42的底面作为第一限位壁12A。
如图6、图9和图10所示，端盖10’包括端盖主体1和安装部件4，端盖主体1沿厚度方向的外表面设有第一凹槽15，安装部件4固定于第一凹槽15内，通孔11设在第一凹槽15的底壁上。
此种结构可以降低安装部件4相对于端盖主体1的高度，以降低注液构件凸出端盖主体1的高度，从而减小电池单体400的整体高度，同时可以减小电池单体400在安装或使用过程中注液构件与其它部件发生碰撞的可能性，其次在电池单体400应用于电池时，由于安装部件4高度的降低，便于在端盖组件10上方安装其他构件，例如用于获得电池单体400信号的检测电路。
如图9所示，安装部件4的高度不高于第一凹槽15，盖体2的高度不高于安装部件4的高度。此种设置方式能使注液构件不凸出端盖主体1。
具体地，安装部件4可通过多种方式固定于第一凹槽15内。例如，紧配合、粘接、紧固件安装或焊接等。对于焊接的形式，安装部件4与第一凹槽15配合的侧面呈锥面，且第一凹槽15开口端的径向尺寸大于第一凹槽15底部的径向尺寸，安装部件4与第一凹槽15的配合面通过激光焊接。
该结构将第一凹槽15的侧壁设计为锥面，可以对安装部件4置入第一凹槽15起到导向作用，而且在采用激光焊接时，可使激光入射路径没有间隙，焊接不会因间隙发生爆点，提高焊接的结构强度。
下面对密封件3的设置方式进行说明。
在一些实施例中，密封件3与盖体2固定，例如通过粘接或紧固件的方式进行固定，这样在盖体2运动时，密封件3能可靠地随盖体2同步运动，不容易脱离，可提高密封效果，且盖体2运动过程中也不易卡滞。
在另一些实施例中，盖体2与密封件3接触，密封件3与盖体2接触表面的摩擦系数大于密封件3与端盖10’接触表面的摩擦系数。
如图12B所示，限位部22朝向密封件3的面上设有第二凹槽221，密封件3的至少部分位于第二凹槽221内。第二凹槽221侧壁对密封件3形成约束，保证盖体2移动过程中，密封件3与盖体2同步移动，不发生分离。
例如，限位部22呈矩形，密封件3也呈矩形，且四周设置圆角，形成密封垫，第二凹槽221呈矩形槽。如图13A至13D所示，密封件3设在第二凹槽221内，且部分凸出限位部22的底面，以通过密封件3的压缩获得较优的密封效果。
下面结合图2至图13D来说明第一实施例的端盖组件10的装配及二次注液方式。
在端盖组件10装配时：首先将密封件3固定于盖体2的第二凹槽221内，并整体放入安装部件4用于形成容纳部12的区域，并使致动部21位于开口14内。接着，将安装部件4放入第一凹槽15内，并将安装部件4与端盖主体1通过焊接等方式固定。
在需要注液时，用工装卡住致动部21驱动盖体2沿容纳部12的延伸方向移动，如图9所示，当盖体2移动至限位部22与容纳部12沿延伸方向的一个端部抵接，即到达第二极限位置时，盖体2和密封件3避开通孔11，在此状态下可从通孔11注液。
在注液完毕后，用工装卡住致动部21驱动盖体2沿容纳部12的延伸方向反向移动，如图6所示，当盖体2移动至限位部22与容纳部12沿延伸方向的另一个端部抵接，即到达第一极限位置时，盖体2和密封件3覆盖通孔11，从而对通孔11密封。
图15至图20B为本申请第二实施例的端盖组件10的结构示意图。
如图15至图17所示，盖体2被配置为通过绕容纳部12的中心旋转到达第一位置和第二位置。通孔11位于容纳部12所在的区域内。在旋转过程中，密封件3所处位置保持不变，仅改变周向角度位置。
该实施例采用旋转盖体2打开或封闭通孔11，与移动盖体2的实施例相比，无需为盖体2的移动预留额外的空间，能够在不改变盖体2所处区域的基础上，通过绕自身中心旋转在第一位置和第二位置之间切换，利于增加盖体2的尺寸，便于施加稳定的驱动力，相应地有利于增大密封件3的尺寸，以获得更优的密封效果。另外，在旋转过程中密封件3所处位置也不改变，不会在运动过程中发生局部不均匀变形，保证盖体2能够顺利运动。
如图15所示，通孔11偏离容纳部12的中心设置，由此在盖体2旋转时能够控制密封件3对通孔11的遮挡状态。
在第二实施例中，容纳部12通过如下结构形成。
如图17所示，端盖10’包括端盖主体1和安装部件4，端盖主体1沿厚度方向的外表面设有第一凹槽15，安装部件4固定于第一凹槽15内。安装部件4呈圆盘形，第一凹槽15也呈圆形。安装部件4朝向第一凹槽15底壁的面上设有第三凹槽43，第三凹槽43与第一凹槽15的底壁之间形成容纳部12，密封件3和限位部22叠加设在容纳部12内。
如图15和图17，通孔11包括同轴设置的第一通孔段111和第二通孔段112，第一通孔段111设在第一凹槽15的底壁上，第二通孔段112设在安装部件4上，即设在第三凹槽43的底壁上。
如图15和图16B所示，密封件3上设有第一避开孔31，限位部22上设有第二避开孔222，在盖体2旋转至第二位置时，第一通孔段111、第一避开孔31、第二避开孔222和第二通孔段112对正，第一通孔段111通过第一避开孔31和第二避开孔222与第二通孔段112连通，在此状态下可进行注液。
如图16A所示，在盖体2逆时针旋转预设角度至第二位置时，第一避开孔31和第二避开孔222处于开口14所在区域，第一通孔段111与第二通孔段112被限位部22和密封件3隔开，该状态下实现了对第一通孔段111的密封。
为了便于施加驱动力使盖体2旋转，如图18所示，安装部件4上设有开口14，开口14呈圆弧形的长圆孔，且开口14同时与容纳部12和端盖10’外侧连通。如图20A所示，盖体2还包括致动部21，致动部21设在限位部22的顶部，且在开口14内可移动，被配置为接收外部驱动力使盖体2运动。例如，开口14可设在安装部件4靠近外周的位置，致动部21可以是圆柱凸台。
该实施例通过设置致动部21，能够方便地施加外力以驱动盖体2运动，而且能够使施加的外力更加均衡，使盖体2沿容纳部12运动顺畅，以免发生卡滞。
为了便于向致动部21施加驱动力，如图20A所示，致动部21的顶部设有卡槽212，被配置为与外部用于施加驱动力的部件配合，以驱动盖体2运动。例如，卡槽212可以是圆孔。此种结构便于通过工装嵌入卡槽212形成嵌套卡合，以驱动盖体2运动。
如图16A和图16B，第一位置和第二位置分别为盖体2沿相反方向运动的第一极限位置和第二极限位置。此种结构能够减小开口14的延伸长度，从而保证安装部件4的 结构强度。
如图16A和图16B，开口14通过沿周向的两端与致动部21配合，分别限定第一极限位置和第二极限位置。此种结构能够通过简单的结构实现盖体2运动行程的限位，可使盖体2准确地到达第一位置或第二位置。
如图16A和图16B，开口14的两个第二侧壁142被配置为对致动部21的运动提供导向。此种结构可防止盖体2在旋转过程中发生晃动或卡滞，以保证盖体2顺利旋转，提高盖体2旋转时的稳定性，从而顺利地实现二次注液。而且，也能防止盖体2在处于第一位置时发生晃动，提高电解液密封的可靠性。
如图15和图18所示，在容纳部12的周向上，通孔11设有至少两个，例如两个，开口14沿周向位于相邻通孔11之间，开口14可设置一个，或者为了便于引导盖体2平稳转动，设有两个开口14，两个开口14位于通孔11两侧且相对设置。
相应地，如图19所示，第一避开孔31设有至少两个，至少两个第一避开孔31之间的位置关系与安装部件4上的多个第二通孔段112的位置关系相同。
如图20A和图20B所示，第二避开孔222也设有至少两个，至少两个第二避开孔222之间的位置关系与安装部件4上的多个第二通孔段112的位置关系相同。
该实施例通过在偏离容纳部12中心的位置沿周向设置至少两个通孔11，能够提高注液效率，也更容易释放壳体40内部的气体。
在该实施例中，密封件3可通过多种方式与限位部22固定。例如粘接或通过紧固件连接。如图19所示，密封件3上设有多个固定孔32，例如，固定孔32可设置四个。如图20B所示，限位部22远离致动部21的面上设有多个倒扣223，倒扣223嵌入固定孔32中以实现密封件3与盖体2的固定。此种结构能够提高密封件3与盖体2固定的可靠性，从而提高密封性能。
下面结合图15至图20B来说明第二实施例的端盖组件10的装配及二次注液方式。
在端盖组件10装配时：首先将密封件3与盖体2固定，并整体放入安装部件4上的第三凹槽43内，并使两个致动部21分别位于两个开口14中。接着，将安装部件4放入第一凹槽15内，并将安装部件4与端盖主体1通过焊接等方式固定。
在需要注液时，将工装插入卡槽212驱动盖体2旋转，如图16B所示，当旋转至致动部21与开口14的一个端部抵接，即到达第二极限位置时，第一通孔段111通过第一避开孔31和第二避开孔222与第二通孔段112连通，在此状态下可通过两组通孔11进行注液。
在注液完毕后，将工装插入卡槽212驱动盖体2旋转，图16A所示，当旋转至致动部21与开口14的另一个端部抵接，即到达第一极限位置时，第一通孔段111与第二通孔段112之间通过密封件3和限位部22隔开，从而实现对第一通孔段111密封。
除了上述单独针对第二实施例的描述，其它在第一实施例中对容纳部12、盖体2、密封件3等结构和配合关系等，也可应用于第二实施例，此处不再赘述。
其次，基于上述实施例对于端盖组件10的改进，本申请还提供了一种壳体组件410，用于电池单体400，在一些实施例中，如图21所示，壳体组件410包括：壳体40、密封件3和盖体2。
壳体40的侧壁上设有用于注入电解液的通孔11和容纳部12。密封件3被配置为 密封通孔11，盖体2被配置为覆盖至少部分密封件3，且与密封件3一起可运动，盖体2包括限位部22，限位部22位于容纳部12内，以限制盖体2脱离壳体40，盖体2被配置为通过限位部22相对于容纳部12的运动相对于壳体40运动。
其中，在盖体2运动至第一位置时，密封件3覆盖通孔11；在盖体2运动至第二位置时，密封件3避开通孔11。
在该实施例中，通孔11可设在壳体40的任一壁面上，如图1D所示，由于锂电池体积较小，且端盖主体1上设有端子5和泄压部件6，或者在另一些结构中还会设置端盖采温结构，端盖主体1上剩余的面积较小，如果将通孔11设在壳体40的其它面上，则允许增加注液构件的尺寸以进一步提高结构强度，在振动工作环境下提高封闭电解液的可靠性，而且也便于使盖体2运动。
该实施例通过改变盖体2与密封件3的位置即可实现二次注液。通过方便地二次注液，本申请可以有效减缓电芯容量降低的程度，提升电池单体400的使用寿命。而且，在二次注液时无需将盖体2和密封件3从壳体40上拆下，省去了在二次注液过程中拆装盖体2和密封件3的环节，更加易于操作，且能避免丢失零件，在生产时可提高电池单体400的装配效率，在二次注液时可缩短维护时间。
在壳体40的侧壁上设置注液构件的实施例可参考前面在端盖10’上设置注液构件的各实施例，此处就不再赘述。
在上述实施例的基础上，如图1E所示，本申请的电池单体400可包括：电极组件30和用于容纳电极组件30的外壳410’，外壳410’包括壳体40和上述实施例的端盖组件10，壳体40具有端部开口，端盖组件10覆盖壳体40的端部开口。或者，如图21所示，电极组件30和用于容纳电极组件30的外壳410’，外壳410’包括端盖主体1和上述实施例的壳体组件410，壳体40具有端部开口，端盖主体1覆盖壳体40的端部开口。
再次，本申请还提供了一种电池单体400的注液方法，可基于上述实施例的电池单体400，在一些实施例中，如图22所示的流程示意图，该注液方法包括：
步骤S101、使盖体2和密封件3一起运动至第二位置，以使密封件3避开电池单体400的外壳410’上的通孔11；
步骤S102、通过通孔11注入电解液；
步骤S103、使盖体2和密封件3一起运动至第一位置，以使密封件3覆盖通孔11；
其中，在盖体2运动过程中，盖体2的限位部22在外壳410’上的容纳部12内运动，并限制盖体2脱离外壳410’。
与传统的通过激光焊接方式将注液孔封闭的方式相比，本申请不仅避免了焊接的工序，还避免了因焊接带来的后续的清洗焊渣以及干燥该清洗残留的液体等多个工序。因此，本申请提高电池单体400的生产效率。本申请通过盖体2的运动实现通孔11的打开与封闭，无需取下盖体2和密封件3，简单快捷，在电池单体400的装配过程中可提高注液构件的装配效率，从而进一步地提高了电池单体400的生产效率。
最后，本申请还提供了一种注液装置500，用于为电池单体400注液，可以用于实现上述的注液方法。
在一些实施例中，如图23所示，注液装置500包括：注液机构501，被配置为将电解液通过设在电池单体400的外壳410’上的通孔11注入外壳410’内；和盖体致动机构 502，被配置为向盖体2施加驱动力，以使盖体2和密封件3一起运动至第一位置覆盖通孔11，或使盖体2与密封件3一起运动至第二位置避开通孔11。其中，在盖体2运动过程中，盖体2的限位部22在外壳410’上的容纳部12内运动，并限制盖体2脱离外壳410’。
与传统的通过激光焊接方式将注液孔封闭的方式相比，本申请不仅避免了焊接的工序，还避免了因焊接带来的清洗焊渣以及干燥该清洗残留的液体等多个工序。该装置可以简单高效地生产电池单体400，从而使提高电池单体400的装配效率。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (31)

  1. 一种端盖组件(10)，用于电池单体(400)，所述端盖组件(10)包括：
    端盖(10’)，设有用于注入电解液的通孔(11)和容纳部(12)；
    密封件(3)，被配置为密封所述通孔(11)；以及
    盖体(2)，覆盖至少部分所述密封件(3)，且与所述密封件(3)一起可运动，所述盖体(2)包括限位部(22)，所述限位部(22)位于所述容纳部(12)内，以限制所述盖体(2)脱离所述端盖(10’)，所述盖体(2)被配置为通过所述限位部(22)在所述容纳部(12)内的运动相对于所述端盖(10’)运动；
    其中，在所述盖体(2)运动至第一位置时，所述密封件(3)覆盖所述通孔(11)；在所述盖体(2)运动至第二位置时，所述密封件(3)避开所述通孔(11)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述第一位置和所述第二位置分别为所述盖体(2)沿相反方向运动的第一极限位置和所述第二极限位置。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述端盖(10’)上设有与所述容纳部(12)连通的开口(14)，所述盖体(2)还包括与所述限位部(22)连接的致动部(21)，所述致动部(21)被配置为通过接收外部驱动力在所述开口(14)内移动。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述致动部(21)朝向所述端盖(10’)沿厚度方向的外侧穿过所述开口(14)。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，
    所述容纳部(12)沿所述盖体(2)运动方向的两个侧壁被配置为对所述限位部(22)的运动提供导向；和/或
    所述开口(14)沿所述盖体(2)运动方向的两个侧壁被配置为对所述致动部(21)的运动提供导向。
  6. 根据权利要求3～5任一所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述第一位置和所述第二位置分别为所述盖体(2)沿相反方向运动的第一极限位置和所述第二极限位置；
    所述容纳部(12)通过沿所述盖体(2)运动方向的两端与所述限位部(22)配合，分别限定所述第一极限位置和所述第二极限位置；和/或
    所述开口(14)通过沿所述盖体(2)运动方向的两端与所述致动部(21)配合，分别限定所述第一极限位置和所述第二极限位置。
  7. 根据权利要求3～6任一所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述开口(14)的侧壁与所述致动部(21)之间设有限位结构，所述限位结构被配置为将所述盖体(2)限位于所述第一位置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述限位结构包括：
    凸出部(141)，设置于所述开口(14)沿着所述盖体(2)运动方向的侧壁；和
    限位开口(211)，设置于所述致动部(21)沿着所述盖体(2)运动方向的侧壁，且所述凸出部(141)被配置为在所述盖体(2)运动至第一位置时与所述限位开口(211)卡合。
  9. 根据权利要求3～8任一所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述致动部(21)上设有 卡槽(212)，被配置为与外部用于施加驱动力的部件配合，以驱动所述盖体(2)运动。
  10. 根据权利要求1～9任一所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，
    所述容纳部(12)包括第一限位壁(12A)、与所述第一限位壁(12A)相对设置的第二限位壁(12B)以及用于连接所述第一限位壁(12A)与所述第二限位壁(12B)的第一侧壁(12C)。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，在所述盖体(2)处于自由状态时，所述第一限位壁(12A)与所述限位部(22)相抵，所述第二限位壁(12B)与所述限位部(22)具有间隙。
  12. 根据权利要求1～11任一所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述端盖(10’)包括端盖主体(1)和安装部件(4)，所述安装部件(4)设置于所述端盖主体(1)的表面，且所述通孔(11)位于所述安装部件(4)围合形成的区域，所述容纳部(12)由所述安装部件(4)与所述端盖主体(1)围合形成。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述端盖主体(1)沿厚度方向的外表面设有第一凹槽(15)，所述安装部件(4)固定于所述第一凹槽(15)内。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述安装部件(4)和所述盖体(2)均不高于所述第一凹槽(15)。
  15. 根据权利要求1～14任一所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，
    所述密封件(3)与所述盖体(2)固定；和/或
    所述盖体(2)与所述密封件(3)接触，所述密封件(3)与所述盖体(2)接触表面的摩擦系数大于所述密封件(3)与所述端盖(10’)接触表面的摩擦系数。
  16. 根据权利要求1～15任一所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述限位部(22)朝向所述密封件(3)的面上设有第二凹槽(221)，所述密封件(3)的至少部分位于所述第二凹槽(221)内。
  17. 根据权利要求1～16任一所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述盖体(2)被配置为通过沿所述容纳部(12)的延伸方向移动到达所述第一位置和所述第二位置。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述容纳部(12)沿所述端盖(10’)的长度方向和宽度方向中的至少一个方向延伸。
  19. 根据权利要求17或18所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述通孔(11)偏离所述容纳部(12)沿延伸方向的中心位置设置。
  20. 根据权利要求17～19任一所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述端盖(10’)包括端盖主体(1)和安装部件(4)，所述端盖主体(1)沿厚度方向的外表面设有第一凹槽(15)，所述安装部件(4)固定于所述第一凹槽(15)内，所述通孔(11)设在所述第一凹槽(15)的底壁上。
  21. 根据权利要求17～20任一所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述限位部(22)为矩形块，所述容纳部(12)整体形成矩形槽。
  22. 根据权利要求1～16任一所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述盖体(2)被配置为通过绕所述容纳部(12)的中心旋转到达所述第一位置和所述第二位置。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述通孔(11)偏离所述容纳部(12)的中心设置。
  24. 根据权利要求22或23所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述端盖(10’)包括端盖主体(1)和安装部件(4)，所述端盖主体(1)沿厚度方向的外表面设有第一凹槽(15)，所述安装部件(4)固定于所述第一凹槽(15)内；
    所述通孔(11)包括同轴设置的第一通孔段(111)和第二通孔段(112)，所述第一通孔段(111)设在所述第一凹槽(15)的底壁上，所述第二通孔段(112)设在所述安装部件(4)上；
    所述密封件(3)上设有第一避开孔(31)，所述限位部(22)上设有第二避开孔(222)，在所述盖体(2)运动至第二位置时，所述第一通孔段(111)通过所述第一避开孔(31)和所述第二避开孔(222)与所述第二通孔段(112)连通。
  25. 根据权利要求22～24任一所述的端盖组件(10)，其中，所述端盖(10’)上设有与所述容纳部(12)连通的开口(14)，所述盖体(2)还包括致动部(21)，所述致动部(21)与所述限位部(22)连接且在所述开口(14)内可移动，被配置为接收外部驱动力使所述盖体(2)运动；
    在所述容纳部(12)的周向上，所述通孔(11)设有至少两个，所述开口(14)沿所述周向位于相邻所述通孔(11)之间。
  26. 一种壳体组件(410)，用于电池单体(400)，包括：
    壳体(40)，所述壳体(40)的侧壁上设有用于注入电解液的通孔(11)和容纳部(12)；
    密封件(3)，被配置为密封所述通孔(11)；以及
    盖体(2)，被配置为覆盖至少部分所述密封件(3)，且与所述密封件(3)一起可运动，所述盖体(2)包括限位部(22)，所述限位部(22)位于所述容纳部(12)内，以限制所述盖体(2)脱离所述壳体(40)，所述盖体(2)被配置为通过所述限位部(22)相对于所述容纳部(12)的运动相对于所述壳体(40)运动；
    其中，在所述盖体(2)运动至第一位置时，所述密封件(3)覆盖所述通孔(11)；在所述盖体(2)运动至第二位置时，所述密封件(3)避开所述通孔(11)。
  27. 一种电池单体(400)，包括：
    电极组件(30)和用于容纳所述电极组件(30)的外壳(410’)，所述外壳(410’)包括壳体(40)和如权利要求1-25任一所述的端盖组件(10)，所述壳体(40)具有端部开口，所述端盖组件(10)覆盖所述壳体(40)的端部开口；或者，
    电极组件(30)和用于容纳所述电极组件(30)的外壳(410’)，所述外壳(410’)包括端盖主体(1)和如权利要求26所述的壳体组件(410)，所述壳体(40)具有端部开口，所述端盖主体(1)覆盖所述壳体(40)的端部开口。
  28. 一种电池(200)，包括多个权利要求27所述的电池单体(400)。
  29. 一种用电装置，包括权利要求27所述的电池单体(400)，其中所述电池单体(400)用于提供电能。
  30. 一种电池单体(400)的注液方法，包括：
    使盖体(2)和密封件(3)一起运动至第二位置，以使所述密封件(3)避开所述电池单体(400)的外壳(410’)上的通孔(11)；
    通过所述通孔(11)注入电解液；
    使所述盖体(2)和所述密封件(3)一起运动至第一位置，以使所述密封件(3)覆盖所述通孔(11)；
    其中，在所述盖体(2)运动过程中，所述盖体(2)的限位部(22)在所述外壳(410’)上的容纳部(12)内运动，并限制所述盖体(2)脱离所述外壳(410’)。
  31. 一种注液装置(500)，用于电池单体(400)，包括：
    注液机构(501)，被配置为将电解液通过设在所述电池单体(400)的外壳(410’)上的通孔(11)注入所述外壳(410’)内；和
    盖体致动机构(502)，被配置为向盖体(2)施加驱动力，以使所述盖体(2)和密封件(3)一起运动至第一位置覆盖所述通孔(11)，或使所述盖体(2)与所述密封件(3)一起运动至第二位置避开所述通孔(11)；
    其中，在所述盖体(2)运动过程中，所述盖体(2)的限位部(22)在所述外壳(410’)上的容纳部(12)内运动，并限制所述盖体(2)脱离所述外壳(410’)。
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