WO2021208159A1 - 一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021208159A1
WO2021208159A1 PCT/CN2020/089271 CN2020089271W WO2021208159A1 WO 2021208159 A1 WO2021208159 A1 WO 2021208159A1 CN 2020089271 W CN2020089271 W CN 2020089271W WO 2021208159 A1 WO2021208159 A1 WO 2021208159A1
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Prior art keywords
adsorption
screen
vibrating
peanut
screening
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PCT/CN2020/089271
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王晓铭
李长河
刘明政
李心平
刘向东
杨会民
张彦彬
侯亚丽
Original Assignee
青岛理工大学
河南科技大学
新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所
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Publication of WO2021208159A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021208159A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B9/00—Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/28—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens
    • B07B1/282—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens their jigging movement being a closed or open curvilinear path in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the screen and parrallel or transverse to the direction of conveyance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/42—Drive mechanisms, regulating or controlling devices, or balancing devices, specially adapted for screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
    • B07B1/4609—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens constructional details of screening surfaces or meshes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
    • B07B11/02—Arrangement of air or material conditioning accessories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
    • B07B11/06—Feeding or discharging arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B2201/00—Details applicable to machines for screening using sieves or gratings
    • B07B2201/02—Fastening means for fastening screens to their frames which do not stretch or sag the screening surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B2201/00—Details applicable to machines for screening using sieves or gratings
    • B07B2201/04—Multiple deck screening devices comprising one or more superimposed screens

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural product processing, and in particular relates to an adsorption and multi-stage screening type peanut pod cleaning and impurity removal system and method.
  • Peanuts are widely used by people for their wide use and high nutritional value. Peanut kernels are the most important harvest of peanuts. Peanut kernels have rich edible and nutritional value, and have high medicinal value, which can reduce post-meal In response to increased blood sugar, peanut kernels can be made as a supplement for kernel foods, and peanut kernels can also be used to extract peanut protein and make peanut meal. In addition, a large number of by-products will be produced after peanut processing, which can be comprehensively utilized and intensively processed to extend the industrial chain and increase economic value. The roots, stems, and leaves of peanuts have good medicinal value and social benefits. They can be used as raw materials for Chinese medicinal materials to extract resveratrol, which can help fight cancer and treat cardiovascular diseases.
  • Peanut shells can be used to extract natural antioxidant components and natural yellow pigments.
  • As a food additive it can be used to prepare activated carbon adsorbents to make dietary fiber. It can also be used as a medium for edible fungi to cultivate oyster mushrooms and straw mushrooms. It can be used for chemical extraction.
  • Peanut red coat can extract peanut red coat pigment and polyphenols to treat diseases. Peanut red coat also contains long-chain saturated fatty acids for skin care and other substances that play an important role in human health. Peanuts are one of the important crops in China. The cleanliness of peanuts after picking the fruit will affect the deep processing and application of peanuts.
  • Peanuts are important oil crops in China. Due to the large planting area and high yield of peanuts, China has a large demand for peanut processing machinery. During the peanut harvesting period, whether it is a large-scale peanut harvesting machine or a small-scale peanut harvesting machine, cleaning is an important task in peanut harvesting. After the peanuts are picked by the fruit picker, they will be mixed with some impurities such as stones, broken soil, stalks, immature deflated fruits, etc. These impurities will affect the subsequent peanut finishing links, so clean peanuts need to be cleaned and removed. Therefore, the peanut cleaning and impurity removal process is the primary problem faced in the deep processing of peanuts.
  • the cleaning and impurity removal devices are mainly divided into three types according to the principle of cleaning and impurity removal: screening, airflow cleaning and airflow sieve cleaning.
  • the devices that use sieving or air cleaning alone have the disadvantages of higher impurity content of peanuts after sieving and low device efficiency; currently the more widely used one is to use a combination of sieve and air flow to separate and clean at the same time, but what about the sieve and air flow? Combined use is a difficult point in device design.
  • Cui Yuzhong of Qingdao Xuguang Food Co., Ltd. invented a peanut stone removing machine (patent number: 201721809928.X). It includes: stone removing device, feeding device and frame.
  • the peanuts are fed into the sieve body from the upper hopper.
  • the sieve body screens the peanuts under the action of the motor and the connecting rod.
  • the peanuts mixed in the peanuts are sieved to one end of the stone outlet, and the screen located at the stone outlet can follow the sieve.
  • the body vibrates together; a fan is set to generate airflow into the screen body. Because the weight of peanuts and stones are different, the airflow separates the peanuts from the stones.
  • the peanuts are screened out from the baffle. ;
  • the sieved peanuts fall into the filter hole, the filter hole separates the dust in the peanut from the peanut, and then is collected through the discharge opening; the stone moves to a high place under the vibration of the screen, under the action of the screen stone After being filtered out, it enters the collection box through the lower stone trough to achieve the effect of stone removal.
  • This device can effectively filter impurities in peanuts and collect them.
  • the design of this device using a single-layer sieve is difficult to ensure the cleaning rate, and the residual stems and leaves in the peanuts cannot be removed, which affects the subsequent deep processing of peanuts.
  • the invention can remove gravel and soil in the peanut pod, and can remove the shattered fruit in the pod.
  • a peanut pod cleaning device (patent number: 201822001264.5). It includes: screening device, vibration device, adsorption device, feeding and discharging mechanism.
  • the peanuts are fed from the feed port and fall into the sieve plate.
  • the sieve plate screens the peanuts under the action of the motor, the eccentric wheel and the vibrating connecting rod; Impurities are adsorbed by suction and discharged from the air outlet; small impurities mixed in peanuts fall from the screen, heavier stones, etc. are screened out from the high discharge port under the reciprocating action, and the filtered peanut pods are discharged from the low Sift out.
  • Yuan Wei of Huanglaowu Food Co., Ltd. invented a multi-stage screening peanut stone remover (patent number: 201920231682.5). It includes: feeding device, stone removing device, vibration separation device, wind separation device and collection device.
  • the peanuts first enter the vibrating separation device from the feeding port.
  • the vibrating separation device includes two layers of sieve plates to filter out large and small particles respectively; the filtered peanut pods enter the wind separation device, and the peanuts are collapsed during the falling process. Peanuts, remaining stems and leaves, and uncleaned impurities fall into different receiving bins under the action of the fan to achieve secondary cleaning. This device separates twice, which helps to improve the removal rate of impurities in peanuts.
  • the sieve plate of the vibrating separation device in the invention is one-way reciprocating motion, which cannot fully play the role of the sieve plate for peanut screening; in the cleaning process of the wind separation device, the separation is carried out mainly according to the weight of peanuts and impurities.
  • the remaining stems and leaves under the action of wind will enter the same bin with the peanut pods, and there will still be a small amount of remaining stems and leaves in the separated peanuts.
  • Liu Lijing invented a peanut fruit cleaning and grading winnowing machine (patent number: 201420441627.6). It includes: feeding device, winnowing device and screening device. Peanuts are fed in from the hopper, and the bottom surface of the hopper is equipped with a pressure sensor and a delay switch to control the amount of feeding; the upper part of the side wall of the winnowing chamber is equipped with a fan, and the upper part of the other side wall of the winnowing chamber is equipped with an air outlet at the same height. The peanuts fall from the hopper and the fan can winnowing the peanuts; the screening device is composed of three-layer screens and controlled by a vibrating motor. The three-layer screens are connected as a whole and fixed on the frame by springs, and the three-layer screens are filtered separately Large particles of impurities, peanut pods and small particles of impurities are produced.
  • the three-layer sieve plate of the device is a whole, and is connected to the frame by a side spring, which limits the sieving angle of the screen; the inclination angle of the three-layer sieve is the same, and the material is easy to accumulate; the contact time between the fan and peanuts Shorter, the winnowing effect on the stems, leaves and shredded peanuts is not good.
  • the existing peanut cleaning devices mainly have disadvantages such as poor cleaning effect and poor screening effect.
  • most of the devices are direct feeding, and there is no intermittent feeding mechanism, which will easily cause peanuts to accumulate during the cleaning process, which will affect the screening efficiency.
  • the present invention provides an adsorption and multi-stage screening type peanut pod cleaning and impurity removal system, which can significantly improve the peanut cleaning and impurity removal effect.
  • one or more embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
  • An adsorption and multi-stage screening type peanut pod cleaning and impurity removal system including:
  • Feeding device, winnowing device and vibrating screening device
  • the feeding device intermittently feeds the material to the winnowing device
  • the air separation device performs negative pressure adsorption on the light impurities in the material during the process of the material sliding down onto the vibrating screening device by gravity;
  • the vibrating screening device includes a multi-stage screen and a vibration motor with two rotating shafts at a certain angle.
  • fluidity is generated, and impurities larger than peanut pod particles, peanut pods and small particles are separately sieved out and discharged from the discharge openings at different positions of each layer of screens.
  • An adsorption and multi-stage screening method for peanut pods cleaning and removing impurities including:
  • Multi-stage screening the material produces fluidity during the screening process, and the impurities larger than the peanut pod, peanut pod and small particle impurities are screened out separately and discharged from the discharge port at different positions.
  • the system of the present disclosure integrates intermittent feeding, winnowing and vibrating screening, realizes intermittent feeding through a feeding device, avoids accumulation of materials, ensures the orderly progress of subsequent winnowing and screening of materials, and improves the overall efficiency of the system.
  • the air separation device has a large adsorption force, and a positive pressure fan is used to achieve negative pressure adsorption to avoid damage to the fan blades caused by the adsorbed impurities.
  • the vibrating sieving device is driven by two vibrating motors with a certain angle of rotation shaft, which makes the sieve body vibrate in a multi-rotation type (the projection of the vibration track of the vibrating body on the horizontal and vertical planes is a circle or ellipse), and the sieve is added.
  • the dimensionality of the body's movement improves the screening effect and speed.
  • the vibrating screen adopts a multi-layer screen design and is installed at different angles, which can make the material produce "fluidity" during the screening process to avoid material accumulation, and the screening efficiency is high.
  • the technical solution of the present disclosure adopts the combined use of winnowing adsorption and multi-stage screening, which is of great significance to the improvement of peanut cleaning and impurity removal technology and the improvement of economic and economic benefits.
  • the sieved materials are divided into four parts: large impurities, peanut pods, shredded peanuts and small impurities, and are sent to different outlets to complete the adsorption, screening, and cleaning work.
  • the adsorption-type peanut pod cleaning and impurity removal system can significantly improve the peanut cleaning and impurity removal effect.
  • Figure 1 is an axial view of the adsorption and multi-stage screening peanut pod cleaning and impurity removal system of an embodiment of the disclosure
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a feeding device according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a feeding device according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 4 is an internal view of a feeding device according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 5 is an exploded view of the inside of the feeding device of the embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Fig. 6 is an axial view of the tensioning structure of the feeding device of the embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a winnowing device according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of a winnowing device according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 9 is a full cross-sectional view of an adsorption pipe of an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a Laval tube of an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 11 is a front view of a vibrating screening device according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Fig. 12 is an axial view of a vibrating screening device according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 13 is a full cross-sectional view of a vibrating screening device according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the relationship between the center of mass of the vibration trajectory of the vibrating screening device according to the embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 15 is a front view of a rack of an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 16 is a side view of the frame of the embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Fig. 17 is a three-axis coordinate system diagram of peanut pods according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the feeding device I the winnowing device II, the vibrating screening device III, and the frame IV;
  • II-01- slide plate II-02- positive pressure fan, II-03-adsorption pipeline, II-0301-reducing tube, II-0302-expansion tube, II-0303-outlet tube.
  • III-0204-the short end of the first and second screen is connected to the spring
  • III-0205-the outlet of the first-class screen III-03-the second-class screen
  • III-0301-the second-class screen Mesh baffle
  • III-0302-Second and tertiary sieve long end connection spring III-0303-Second and tertiary sieve short end connection spring
  • III-0304-Secondary sieve outlet III-04-Third level Screen, III-0401-three-level screen baffle, III-0402-three-level screen outlet, III-0501-screen support disc, III-0502-screen support spring.
  • IV-01-Upper drive drum support IV-02-Lower drive drum support, IV-03-Motor bottom plate, IV-04-First receiving box, IV-05-Screen support disc bottom plate, IV-06- The second receiving box, IV-07-collecting hopper, IV-08-fixed bracket for winnowing.
  • this embodiment discloses an adsorption and multi-stage screening type peanut pod cleaning and cleaning system, including a feeding device I, a winnowing device II, a vibrating screening device III and a frame IV. Partial composition, the feeding device is located on the side of the winnowing device and the vibrating screening device, the winnowing device is located above the vibrating screening device; the feeding device I, the winnowing device II, and the vibrating screening device III are all fixed on the frame superior.
  • the winnowing device II is fixed on the positive pressure fan fixing bracket IV-08 by fixing bolts.
  • the winnowing device adsorbs and cleans the residual peanut stems and leaves in the material, and the adsorbed material falls into the first stage of the vibrating screening device III In the screen III-02.
  • the screen support disc III-0501 in the vibrating screening device is connected to the screen support disc bottom plate IV-05 by fixing bolts to fix the vibrating screening device on the frame.
  • the materials are respectively on the first screen III-02 and the second screen.
  • Screening is carried out in the third-level screen III-03 and the third-level screen III-04, and the material is discharged from the first-level screen outlet III-0205, the second-level screen outlet III-0304 and the third-level screen respectively. Discharge from port III-0402 and complete the screening process.
  • the feeding device includes a box structure, the box structure is from the upper box I-01, the middle box I-02 and the lower box I-04 from top to bottom.
  • the bottom is arranged in order to form a cavity structure.
  • the feed box I-03 sends the material to the cavity structure.
  • the cavity structure is provided with an upper drive roller I-11 and a lower drive roller, a lower drive roller, an upper drive roller and a lower drive roller.
  • the drive roller controls the distance between the upper and lower drive rollers through the tensioning mechanism I-06, which is convenient to adjust the tension between the drive rollers.
  • the upper drive roller and the lower drive roller drive the rubber conveyor belt I-13 on it to move, and the rubber conveyor belt I-13.
  • a lifting hopper I-12 is evenly arranged on both sides, and the upper driving roller I-11 and the lower driving roller I-14 fix the feeding device I on the frame IV through the bearing support I-10.
  • the feeding device I is driven by a stepping motor I-09, and the feeding speed can be controlled by the stepping motor I-09.
  • the stepper motor drives the upper and lower drive rollers to rotate to drive the conveyor belt and then the hopper for intermittent feeding.
  • the stepper motor I-09 is driven by the deceleration of the small pulley I-08, the V-belt I-07 and the large pulley I-05.
  • the lower driving drum I-14 and the upper driving drum I-11 drive the rubber conveyor belt I-13 and the hopper I-12 above it to excavate and feed materials.
  • the hopper I-12 is made of flexible materials.
  • the hopper is a deep hopper.
  • the rear wall of the hopper is connected to the rubber conveyor belt by countersunk bolts I-1201.
  • the hopper digs materials from the lowering box I-04 and the feeding box I-03. , As the rubber conveyor belt moves to the top, the material is thrown out.
  • the tensioning mechanism in the feeding device is composed of bearing support I-10, two hex bolts I-0601, three hex nuts I-0602, and four spring washers I-0603, which can control up and down
  • the distance between the drive rollers is convenient to adjust the tension between the drive rollers.
  • the lifting hopper in the feeding device has a deep hopper structure.
  • the rear wall of the lifting hopper is connected with the conveyor belt using countersunk bolts, and the edge of the lifting hopper is made flexible to avoid damage to the material.
  • the upper drive roller and the lower drive roller of the feeding device are fixed on the frame with a bearing support, and the bearing support of the lower fixed drive roller is provided with a screw type tensioning mechanism to adjust the pulling force of the traction member.
  • the winnowing device II is composed of a positive pressure fan II-02, a sliding plate II-01 and an adsorption pipe II-03.
  • the sliding plate is inclined at a certain angle to ensure that the peanuts are under gravity and friction. It can slide down by itself.
  • the air separation adsorption device uses a positive pressure fan and an adsorption pipeline to generate negative pressure adsorption pressure.
  • the center line of the outlet nozzle section of the adsorption pipeline is aligned with the end of the slide plate, so that the adsorption pipeline can also negatively affect the peanuts when the peanuts fall onto the screen. Pressure adsorption cleaning.
  • the adsorption pipeline II-03 is designed based on the principle of Laval tube, mainly including: reducer tube II-0301, expansion tube II-0302 and lead out Tube II-0303.
  • the principle of negative pressure adsorption of the adsorption pipe is: the tapered tube shrinks to the throat junction, the cross-sectional area gradually decreases, and the air flow generated by the positive pressure fan gradually accelerates; the cross-sectional area of the expansion tube gradually increases from the throat junction, and the air flow can continue to accelerate at this time.
  • the pressure at the throat is lower than the pressure value in the outstretching tube, which produces a certain suction effect on the airflow in the tube, and negative pressure is formed in the tube at this time.
  • the vibrating screening device is composed of three-stage vibrating screens, which are the first-level screen III-02, the second-level screen III-03, and the third-level screen III-04.
  • a primary screen baffle III-0201 is set on the periphery of the screen
  • a sliding baffle III-0202 is set on one side of the primary screen baffle
  • a primary screen outlet III is set on one side of the primary screen.
  • the primary screen is placed obliquely, and both ends are connected to the secondary screen through the long-end connection spring III-0203 of the primary and secondary screen and the short-end connection spring III-0204 of the primary and secondary screen respectively.
  • a secondary screen baffle III-030 is set around the secondary screen.
  • the two ends of the secondary screen are connected to the spring III-0302 through the long end of the secondary and tertiary screens, and the short end of the secondary and tertiary screens are connected to the spring III-030.
  • a three-stage screen baffle III-0401 is arranged around the three-stage screen, and a third-stage screen discharge port III-0402 is set on one side of the three-stage screen.
  • the lower part of the third-stage screen is supported by a spring III-0502 by the screen Connect to the screen support disc III-0501.
  • the vibrating screening device is composed of three-stage vibrating screens, each of which is connected with a discharge port, which is convenient for the materials to be screened out to fall into different positions.
  • the sliding baffle III-0202 takes over and falls into the primary screen III-02.
  • the impurities larger than the peanut pod particles are filtered out, and the impurities are removed from the primary screen.
  • the discharge port III-0205 slides down to the first receiving box IV-04, and peanut pods, peanuts and small particles of impurities fall into the secondary screen III-03.
  • the peanut pods are filtered through the secondary screen III-03.
  • the peanut pods slide out from the secondary screen discharge port III-0304 and collected.
  • the shredded peanuts and small particles fall into the third screen III -04 in.
  • the small particles of impurities are filtered out by the three-stage screen III-04.
  • the impurities fall from the three-stage screen III-04 and then pass through the collecting hopper IV-07 and then fall into the first receiving box IV-04.
  • the shredded peanuts slipped from the third-level screen to the third-level screen outlet III-0402, completing the cleaning of materials.
  • the whole vibrating screening device is driven by vibrating motor A III-0101 and vibrating motor B III-0102.
  • Two vibrating motors make the three-stage vibrating screen as a whole vibrate in a multi-rotation mode.
  • the installation method of two vibrating motors is: two vibrating motors They are installed on both sides of the vibrating device, and the rotating shaft is at a set installation angle.
  • Two foot-mounted vibration motors adjust the inclination angle of the vibration motor shaft through a nut.
  • the primary screen and the secondary screen in the vibrating screening device are elliptical plane perforated screens, and the third stage screen is a circular plane perforated screen.
  • each layer of screen In order to prevent materials from gathering to the edge during the vibrating screening process, the plane of each layer of screen can be recessed, and baffles are arranged around each layer of screen to prevent the material from being thrown out during the vibration process.
  • the entire device is sealed with a transparent plate, and at the same time, the internal working conditions of the system can be observed.
  • the frame includes a frame body. On one side of the frame body are respectively arranged an upper drive roller bracket IV-01 and a lower drive roller bracket IV-02, which are used to install and fix the upper drive roller. And the lower driving drum, the upper end of the frame body is equipped with a winnowing fixed bracket IV-08, which is used to install the winnowing device.
  • the lower part of the frame body is provided with a motor bottom plate IV-03, a screen support disc bottom plate IV-05 and a collection hopper. IV-07, the first collection box IV-04 and the second collection box IV-06 can be placed under the collection hopper.
  • the rack is provided with a support bracket and a positioning bottom plate to support or position each device. There is a certain gap between the whole vibrating screening device and the frame to prevent the screening device from colliding with the frame during the movement.
  • the first receiving box IV-04 and the second receiving box IV-06 are not an integral part of the rack, and the collected peanut impurities can be manually processed after receiving the material.
  • the working principle of the adsorption and multi-stage screening peanut pod cleaning and impurity removal system of the present disclosure is:
  • the mixed peanut pods are sent to the feeding box of the feeding device, and the stepping motor drives the lifting hopper on the conveyor belt to intermittently lift and feed the mixed peanut pods.
  • the material is transported to the slide and slides downward under the action of its own gravity. During the downward movement, the winnowing device absorbs light impurities such as residual stems and leaves in the material.
  • the material absorbed by the air separation enters the primary screen driven by the vibrating motor, and the vibrating motor drives the screen through the bottom support to vibrate in a multi-rotation type to achieve the purpose of screening the material.
  • the sieved materials are divided into four parts: large impurities, peanut pods, shredded peanuts and small impurities, and are sent to different outlets to complete the adsorption, screening and cleaning work. Then repeat the above workflow for each station.
  • the feeding speed of the lifting hopper is controlled by controlling the speed of the stepping motor to achieve intermittent feeding; the winnowing device designed based on the principle of Laval tube, when the material slides from the slide to the screen under the action of gravity, the Light impurities such as dry stems and leaves are adsorbed under negative pressure; the screening device is driven by a vibrating motor.
  • Multi-layer screens are designed and different installation angles are used.
  • the screens are connected by springs to buffer the vibration of each layer of screens. The whole is connected to the frame through the bottom spring to provide a fixed support point for vibration, and each layer of screen is provided with discharge ports at different positions.
  • the purpose of this embodiment is to provide a working method of an adsorption and multi-stage screening peanut pod cleaning and impurity removal system, including:
  • the winnowing device When the material is sliding down by gravity, the winnowing device performs negative pressure adsorption on the light impurities in the material;
  • Multi-stage screening the material produces fluidity during the screening process, and impurities larger than peanut pods, peanut pods, shredded peanuts and small particles are separately screened out and discharged from different outlets.
  • the sliding plate in the winnowing device is inclined at a certain angle to ensure that the peanuts can slide down on their own under the action of gravity and friction.
  • V 1 is the average velocity at the fan inlet section
  • P 1 is the average pressure at the fan inlet section
  • S 1 is the cross-sectional area at the fan inlet section
  • V 2 is the average velocity at the throat section
  • P 2 is The average pressure at the throat section
  • S 2 is the cross-sectional area at the throat section
  • ⁇ is the air density.
  • W wind pressure
  • ⁇ air mass density
  • V wind speed
  • C a constant
  • V 1 is less than V 2
  • P 1 is less than P 2 . It has a certain acceleration effect on the airflow entering the pipe, causing the airflow velocity of the throat junction to be higher than that at the inlet, and the wind pressure is inversely proportional to the wind speed, so the pressure value of the throat junction is lower than the pressure at the inlet.
  • the reason why the remaining stems and leaves in the material can be adsorbed by the pipeline is that the floating speed of the full peanut pods and the remaining dry stems and leaves are different.
  • ⁇ T ⁇ T /(R ⁇ T T )
  • the size of the expansion tube can be calculated by the following formula:
  • the contraction section is to make the gas accelerate to the speed of sound under the state of subsonic speed.
  • the cone angle is generally set at 30°-60°. If the gas flow is too large, the acceleration distance is too long, and the energy loss is increased. Take 30° now.
  • ⁇ h f energy loss along the way
  • ⁇ h j local energy loss
  • ⁇ local head loss coefficient (dimensionless)
  • ⁇ head loss coefficient along the way
  • L pipe length
  • d pipe diameter
  • v fluid Flow velocity
  • g acceleration due to gravity.
  • a finite element analysis model was established based on the energy loss equation. The analysis found that when the angle between the outlet tube and the expansion tube axis is 50°, the wind pressure at the throat is the smallest, and the energy loss in the pipeline is small at this time.
  • the lead-out pipe is intersected with the tapered pipe and the expansion pipe. To ensure the adsorption effect, the cross-section of the lead-out pipe structure is trapezoidal, and the cross-sectional area gradually increases from the throat junction to the outside.
  • the distance between the air inlet plane of the outlet pipe and the plane of the carriage is designed to be 3 cm.
  • the installation method of the two vibration motors is as follows: the two vibration motors are separately installed on both sides of the vibration equipment, and their rotating shafts are at a set installation angle. Refer to FIG. 14 for the relationship between the center of mass of the vibration trajectory of the vibrating screening device, and refer to FIG. 17 for the three-axis coordinate system of peanut pods.
  • the mass of the two vibrating motors is M 1 , the center of mass is (X 1 , Y 1 ), the mass of the entire vibrating screening device is M, and the center of mass is (X, Y), and the coordinate system is established according to the support points to obtain:
  • the vibrating screening device can be driven to perform multi-rotation vibration.
  • m e is the total excitation Li Ju generated vibration motor; M is the total mass of the shaker.
  • the vibration frequency has an important effect on the efficiency of the vibrating screen.
  • the better screening efficiency is around 22 Hz.
  • the screened objects are hardly thrown up.
  • the particles fill the entire screen box like smoke and dust. Whether it is high-frequency or low-frequency screening, the screening efficiency is low.
  • the vibration frequency is slightly adjusted according to the actual situation of the work, so that the vibrating screen can be put into production more efficiently.
  • the angle between the screen surface and the horizontal plane is called the screen surface inclination angle ⁇ .
  • the size of the screen surface angle is closely related to the screen weight and screening efficiency of the vibrating screen. When the angle increases, the movement speed of the material on the screen surface increases, and the processing capacity increases, but the residence time of the material on the screen surface is shortened, and the screening efficiency is reduced. On the contrary, the angle is reduced, the productivity is reduced, but a better screening effect can be obtained.
  • the first-level screen and the third-level screen are the secondary sieves, and the inclination angle is 0-5°;
  • the angle between the vibration direction and the screen surface is called the vibration direction angle ⁇ .
  • the choice of ⁇ should refer to the nature of the material to be screened.
  • the vibration direction angle ⁇ should be large.
  • the throwing index D refers to the ratio of the vertical component of the maximum vibration acceleration of the equipment to the gravitational acceleration g during vibration. It directly reflects the material being sieved during the vibration process. The phase difference between the highest point and the lowest point of the movement under the combined force of gravity. The phase relationship between the high and low points directly affects the penetration rate and the material handling capacity of the vibrating screen.
  • K is the intensity of mechanical vibration
  • ⁇ is the angular speed of motor rotation
  • ⁇ is the amplitude
  • ⁇ is the vibration direction angle
  • ⁇ 0 is the inclination angle of the screen surface.
  • the three-axis coordinate system for establishing peanut pods is shown in Figure 17.
  • the three-axis dimensions of peanut pods of different varieties are obtained by experimental measurement and average value:
  • Width W 12.34mm-15.17mm
  • Thickness H 12.42mm-15.71mm
  • D g is the geometric mean of the peanuts; L is the length of the peanuts; W is the width of the peanuts; H is the height of the peanuts in mm.
  • the geometric mean D g of peanut pods is 17.72mm-20.13mm, and the arithmetic mean D a is 20.35mm-21.36mm.
  • the primary screen size value guarantees the maximum size of peanut pods
  • the secondary screen size value guarantees the minimum size of peanut pods
  • the third grade screen guarantees the minimum size of peanut pods.
  • 50% of the full peanut pod size value is defined as peanuts
  • the first-level screen III-02 chooses the oval shape of 25 ⁇ 15mm Plane punching sieve
  • secondary screen III-03 choose 17 ⁇ 6mm oval planar punching sieve.
  • the three-stage screen III-04 chooses 8mm circular flat punching screen.
  • Each layer of screen is surrounded by baffles to prevent materials from being thrown out during the screening process.
  • a spring connection is used between each level of screen to buffer and absorb vibration.
  • the choice of spring must have sufficient rigidity to prevent the screen plate from tilting too much in a certain direction.

Landscapes

  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)

Abstract

一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂系统及方法，包括：送料装置（I）、风选装置（II）和振动筛分装置（III）；送料装置（I）间歇送料至风选装置（II）；风选装置（II）在物料由重力作用下滑到振动筛分装置（III）上的过程中，对物料中的轻杂质进行负压吸附；振动筛分装置（III）包括多级筛网及两个转轴呈一定角度的振动电机，多级筛网整体作复旋型振动，多级筛网分别呈不同的角度安装，让物料在筛分过程中产生流动性，将比花生荚果颗粒大的杂质、花生荚果及小颗粒杂质分别筛分出并从各层筛网设置的不同位置的出料口排出。

Description

一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂系统及方法 技术领域
本发明属于农产品加工技术领域，尤其涉及一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂系统及方法。
背景技术
本部分的陈述仅仅是提供了与本公开相关的背景技术信息，不必然构成在先技术。
花生以使用性广泛、营养价值高而被人们大量利用，花生仁作为花生最重要的收获物，花生仁具有丰富的食用价值和营养价值，且具有较高的药用价值，可以减轻饭后的血糖升高反应，花生仁可制作为仁类食品餐饮辅料，花生仁也可以用来提取花生蛋白和制作花生粕。此外，花生加工后会产生大量的副产物,对其进行综合利用及精深加工,可延长产业链,提高经济价值。花生的根、茎、叶具有良好的药用价值和社会效益，可以用作中药材原料，提取白藜芦醇，有助于抗癌和治疗心血管疾病，也可以加工成饲料喂养畜禽；花生壳可以提取其中的天然抗氧化成分和天然黄色素，作为食品添加剂，可以制取活性炭吸附剂，制作膳食纤维，也可用作食用菌培养基料来栽培平菇和草菇，可以提取化工原料，制作有机肥。花生红衣可以提取花生红衣色素和多酚物质来治疗疾病，花生红衣中还含有护肤作用的长链饱和脂肪酸等对于人体保健具有重要作用的物质。花生是我国重要的农作物之一，花生摘果后洁净程度将影响花生的深度加工应用。
花生，是我国重要的油料农作物。由于花生种植面积大，产量高，所以我国对花生加工机械需求量大。在花生收获期间，不管是大型花生收获机械还是小型花生收获机械，清选是花生收获中一项重要作业。花生经摘果机摘果以后，会混有石子、碎土、茎秆、未成熟的瘪果等一些杂质，这些杂质会影响后续花生精加工环节，所以需要通过清选除杂得到洁净的花生。所以，花生清选除杂工艺是花生深加工过程中所面临的首要问题。现阶段，虽然花生清选机械使用广泛，但在花生清选作业中，花生损失率大，含杂率高，作业效率低，人工成本高，分级效果也不明显。因此，需要对现有花生清选装置进行改进及参数优化，使清选装置在清选除杂过程中能够使花生与杂质分离，降低花生损失率和含杂率，提高花生分级效果，保证后续花生深加工环节顺利进行。
目前，清选除杂装置根据清选除杂原理主要分为三种：筛选、气流清选和气流筛子清选。单独使用筛分或者气流清选的装置存在筛分后花生含杂率较高、装置效率低等缺点；目前使用的较为广泛的是使用筛子和气流结合同时进行分离清选，但是筛子和气流如何结合使用，是装置设计的难点。
经检索，青岛旭光食品有限公司的崔玉忠发明了花生去石机(专利号：201721809928.X)。它包括：去石装置、上料装置及机架。花生从上料斗喂入筛体中，筛体在电机和连杆的作用下对花生进行筛分，将花生中混有的石子筛到出石口的一端，位于出石口处的筛网能跟随筛体一起振动；设置风机，产生气流进入筛体中，由于花生与石子的重量不同，气流将花生与 石子分开，通过驱动连杆和从动连杆的配合，使花生从挡板上被筛出；筛出的花生落入滤孔中，滤孔将花生中的灰尘与花生分开，后经下料口收集；石子在筛网的振动作用下，往高处移动，在筛石网的作用下滤出后经下石槽进入到收集箱中，达到了去石的效果。
此装置可以有效过滤花生中的杂石，并进行收集，但是此装置采用单层筛的设计难以保证清选率，并且不能去除花生中的残留的茎叶，影响后续对于花生的深加工。
经检索，青岛农业大学的何晓宁、王东伟、岳丹松、官洪民、李辉、郑金明、陈成英、马宁、张钦发明了一种花生除杂用风筛组合装置(专利号：201811457164.1)。它主要包括：筛选装置和风选装置。花生喂入单层筛板中，筛板在电机和连杆的作用下带动花生发生抖动，杂质落入固定板的凹槽底，在振动和重力的作用下，杂质经过出口分离出装置外；分离后的花生荚果落入风选装置，在风力的作用下完成对花生中残留茎叶和秕果等杂质的去除。该发明能够将花生荚果中碎石子、泥土去除，并且能将荚果中的瘪果去除。
经检索，青岛农业大学的王东伟、官洪民、何晓宁、李新成、常增村、尹诗洋、荀桂森、杨晓成、高振发明了一种用于花生荚果清选除杂装置(专利号：201822001264.5)。它包括：筛分装置、振动装置、吸附装置、进料和出料机构。花生由进料口喂入后落入筛板中，筛板在电机、偏心轮和振动连杆作用下对花生进行筛分；风选装置将筛板上花生中的茎叶、薄膜等轻质杂质借助吸力吸附并从排风口排出；花生中掺有的小杂质从筛网落下，较重的石子等则在往复作用下从高出料口筛出，过滤后的花生荚果从低出料口筛出。
以上两种装置存在的整体不足是：直接喂料导致筛分过程中花生易堆积，且使用单层筛不能保证筛分效率，风选装置不能有效去除花生中的瘪果并对于风机风叶的损伤较大。
经检索，黄老五食品股份有限公司袁伟发明了多级筛分式花生去石机(专利号：201920231682.5)。它包括：上料装置、去石装置、振动分离装置、风力分离装置和收集装置。花生首先从送料口进入到振动分离装置，振动分离装置包括两层筛板，分别过滤出大颗粒杂质和小颗粒杂质；过滤后的花生荚果进入风力分离装置，在下落过程中，花生中的瘪花生、残留茎叶和未清选出的杂质在风机的作用下分别落入不同的收料箱，实现二次清选。该装置两次进行分离，有助于提升花生中的杂质清选率。
该发明中的振动分离装置的筛板为单向往复运动，不能很好地发挥筛板对于花生的筛分作用；在风力分离装置清选过程中主要根据花生和杂质的重量不同进行分离，在风力作用下残留的茎叶会随着花生荚果进入同一个料箱，其中分离出的花生中仍会存在少量的残留茎叶。
经检索，孟连傣御庄园农业科技开发有限公司刘丽晶发明的花生果除杂分级风选机(专利号：201420441627.6)。它包括：送料装置、风选装置和筛分装置。花生从料斗送入，料斗底面设有压力传感器和延时开关可以控制下料量；风选室的侧壁上部安装有风机，风选室的另一侧壁上部同等高度设有一个出风口，花生从料斗落下同时风机能对花生进行风选；筛分装置由三层筛网构成并通过振动电机控制，三层筛网连接为一个整体并通过弹簧固定在机架上，三层筛分别过滤出大颗粒杂质、花生荚果和小颗粒杂质。
该装置的三层筛板为一个整体，并通过侧部弹簧连接到机架上，限制了筛网的筛动角度； 三层筛的倾斜角度一致，物料容易产生堆积；风机与花生的接触时间较短，对花生中的茎叶和瘪果的风选效果欠佳。
通过对上述典型花生清选装置的对比分析，现有的花生清选装置主要存在清选效果差、筛分效果欠佳等缺点。另外装置多为直接喂料，未设置间歇送料机构，则容易造成花生在清选过程中造成堆积，进而影响筛分效率。
发明内容
为克服上述现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂系统，可以明显提高花生的清选除杂效果。
为实现上述目的，本发明的一个或多个实施例提供了如下技术方案：
一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂系统，包括：
送料装置、风选装置和振动筛分装置；
所述送料装置间歇送料至风选装置；
所述风选装置在物料由重力作用下滑到振动筛分装置上的过程中，对物料中的轻杂质进行负压吸附；
所述振动筛分装置包括多级筛网及两个转轴呈一定角度的振动电机，所述多级筛网整体作复旋型振动，所述多级筛网分别呈不同的角度安装，让物料在筛分过程中产生流动性，将比花生荚果颗粒大的杂质、花生荚果及小颗粒杂质分别筛分出并从各层筛网设置的不同位置的出料口排出。
另一方面，为实现上述目的，本发明的一个或多个实施例提供了如下技术方案：
一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂方法，包括：
间歇送料；
物料由重力作用下滑的过程中，对物料中轻杂质进行负压吸附；
多级筛分，物料在筛分过程中产生流动性，将比花生荚果颗粒大的杂质、花生荚果及小颗粒杂质分别筛分出并从不同位置的出料口排出。
以上一个或多个技术方案存在以下有益效果：
本公开该系统集间歇送料、风选和振动筛选为一体，通过送料装置实现间歇送料，避免物料堆积，保证后续对物料的风选和筛分的有序进行，提高系统整体效率。
风选装置吸附力大，使用正压风机实现负压吸附，避免吸附出的杂质对风机叶片的损伤。振动筛分装置由两个转轴呈一定角度的振动电机驱动，使筛体作复旋型振动(振动体的振动轨迹在水平面上和垂直面上的投影均为一圆或椭圆)，增加了筛体的运动维度，提高了筛分的效果和速度。振动筛采用多层筛设计，且分别呈不同的角度安装，能够让物料在筛分过程中产生“流动性”避免物料堆积，筛分效率高。
本公开技术方案采用风选吸附和多级筛分联合使用，其对于花生的清选除杂技术的提升以及提高经济经济效益有重要意义。经筛分后的物料被分为大杂质、花生荚果、花生瘪果和小杂质四部分，分别送入不同的出料口，完成吸附筛分清选工作。吸附式花生荚果清选除杂 系统，可以明显提高花生的清选除杂效果。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1为本公开实施例子的吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂系统轴侧图；
图2为本公开实施例子的送料装置轴侧图；
图3为本公开实施例子的送料装置剖视图；
图4为本公开实施例子的送料装置内部视图；
图5为本公开实施例子的送料装置内部爆炸图；
图6为本公开实施例子的送料装置——张紧结构轴侧图；
图7为本公开实施例子的风选装置剖视图；
图8为本公开实施例子的风选装置轴侧图；
图9为本公开实施例子的吸附管道全剖视图；
图10为本公开实施例子的拉瓦尔管原理图；
图11为本公开实施例子的振动筛分装置主视图；
图12为本公开实施例子的振动筛分装置轴侧图；
图13为本公开实施例子的振动筛分装置全剖视图；
图14为本公开实施例子的振动筛分装置振动轨迹质心关系图；
图15为本公开实施例子的机架主视图；
图16为本公开实施例子的机架轴侧图；
图17为本公开实施例子的花生荚果的三轴坐标系图；
图中，送料装置I，风选装置II，振动筛分装置III，机架IV；
I-01-上箱体，I-02-中间箱体，I-03-送料箱，I-04-下箱体，I-05-大带轮，I-06-张紧机构，I-07-V型带，I-08-小带轮，I-09-步进电机，I-10-轴承支座，I-11-上传动滚筒，I-12-提升料斗，I-1201-沉头螺栓，13-橡胶传送带，I-14-下传动滚筒，I-0601-六角螺栓，I-0602六角螺母，I-0603-弹簧垫圈。
II-01-溜板，II-02-正压风机，II-03-吸附管道，II-0301-渐缩管，II-0302-扩张管，II-0303-引出管。
III-0101-振动电机A，III-0102-振动电机B，III-02-一级筛网，III-0201-一级筛网挡板，III-0202-滑落挡板，III-0203-一二级筛网长端连接弹簧，III-0204-一二级筛网短端连接弹簧，III-0205-一级筛网出料口，III-03-二级筛网，III-0301-二级筛网挡板，III-0302-二三级筛网长端连接弹簧，III-0303-二三级筛网短端连接弹簧，III-0304-二级筛网出料口，III-04-三级筛网，III-0401-三级筛网挡板，III-0402-三级筛网出料口，III-0501-筛网支撑圆盘，III-0502-筛网支撑弹簧。
IV-01-上传动滚筒支架，IV-02-下传动滚筒支架，IV-03-电机底板，IV-04-第一收料箱，IV-05-筛网支撑圆盘底板，IV-06-第二收料箱，IV-07-收集料斗，IV-08-风选固定支架。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是示例性的，旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
实施例一
参见附图1所示，本实施例公开了一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂系统，包括由送料装置I，风选装置II，振动筛分装置III及机架IV四部分构成，所述送料装置位于风选装置和振动筛分装置的侧方，风选装置位于振动筛分装置的上方；送料装置I，风选装置II，振动筛分装置III均固定在机架上。
上传动滚筒I-11和下传动滚筒I-14通过轴承支座I-10将送料装置I固定于机架IV上，送料装置将物料送入风选装置II的溜板II-01上。风选装置II通过固定螺栓固定于正压风机固定支架IV-08上，风选装置对物料中的残留花生干茎叶进行吸附清选，吸附后的物料落入振动筛分装置III的一级筛网III-02中。振动筛分装置中的筛网支撑圆盘III-0501通过固定螺栓连接筛网支撑圆盘底板IV-05将振动筛分装置固定于机架上，物料分别在一级筛网III-02、二级筛网III-03和三级筛网III-04中进行筛分，并分别从一级筛网出料口III-0205、二级筛网出料口III-0304和三级筛网出料口III-0402中出料，完成筛分工序。
具体实施例子中，参照附图2-附图5所示，送料装置包括箱体结构，箱体结构由上箱体I-01、中间箱体I-02及下箱体I-04自上至下依次布置构成空腔结构，送料箱I-03将物料送至空腔结构中，空腔结构内设置有上下布置的上传动滚筒I-11及下传动滚筒下传动滚筒，上传动滚筒及下传动滚筒通过张紧机构I-06控制上下传动滚筒之间的距离，便于调节传动滚筒之间的拉力，上传动滚筒及下传动滚筒驱动其上的橡胶传送带I-13运动，橡胶传送带I-13两侧分别间隔均匀的设置有提升料斗I-12，上传动滚筒I-11和下传动滚筒I-14通过轴承支座I-10将送料装置I固定于机架IV上。
送料装置I由步进电机I-09驱动，使用步进电机I-09可以控制送料速度。步进电机带动上下传动滚筒转动以此来带动传送带进而带动料斗进行间歇送料，步进电机I-09通过小带轮I-08、V型带I-07和大带轮I-05的减速驱动下传动滚筒I-14并结合上传动滚筒I-11，带动橡胶传送带I-13及其上的料斗I-12对物料进行挖取式送料。料斗I-12采用柔性材料制作，料斗为深形斗，通过沉头螺栓I-1201将料斗后壁与橡胶传送带连接固定，料斗从下料箱 I-04和送料箱I-03中挖取物料，随着橡胶传送带运动到顶部时将物料抛出。
参照附图6所示，送料装置中的张紧机构由轴承支座I-10、两个六角螺栓I-0601、三个六角螺母I-0602、四个弹簧垫圈I-0603组成，可以控制上下传动滚筒之间的距离，便于调节传动滚筒之间的拉力。
送料装置中的提升料斗为深形斗结构，提升料斗的后壁与传送带使用沉头螺栓相连，提升料斗的边缘做柔性化处理，避免对物料的损伤。
送料装置的上传动滚筒和下传动滚筒使用轴承支座固定在机架上，下方固定传动滚筒的轴承支座设置螺杆式拉紧机构，用来调节牵引构件的拉力。
参照附图7和附图8所示，风选装置II由正压风机II-02、溜板II-01和吸附管道II-03组成，溜板倾斜一定的角度，保证花生在重力和摩擦力的作用下能够自行下滑。风选吸附装置使用正压风机和吸附管道产生负压吸附压力，吸附管道的引出管口截面中心线与溜板末端对齐，使花生在下落到筛网的过程中吸附管道也能对花生进行负压吸附清选。
参照附图9和附图10，下面详细介绍吸附管道的设计原理，吸附管道II-03是基于拉瓦尔管的原理进行设计，主要包括：渐缩管II-0301、扩张管II-0302和引出管II-0303。吸附管道进行负压吸附原理为：渐缩管收缩至喉结，截面面积逐渐减少，正压风机产生的气流逐渐加速；扩张管从喉结处截面面积逐渐增加，气流此时能够继续加速。在不考虑重力势能的情况下，风的流速越高，风压越小，所以喉结处的风压小于外界的大气压，且在扩张管中风压逐渐减小。喉结处的压强低于外伸管内的压强值，对管内气流产生一定的吸力作用，此时管内形成负压。喉管处的流速越高，负压管内的真空度越大，对被分选物料的风选吸力越大。
参照附图11-附图13所示，振动筛分装置由三级振动筛构成，分别为一级筛网III-02、二级筛网III-03、三级筛网III-04，一级筛网的周边设置一级筛网挡板III-0201，一级筛网挡板的一侧上设置有滑落挡板III-0202，一级筛网的一侧设置一级筛网出料口III-0205，一级筛网倾斜放置，两端分别通过一二级筛网长端连接弹簧III-0203、一二级筛网短端连接弹簧III-0204连接至二级筛网。
二级筛网的周边设置二级筛网挡板III-030，二级筛网两端分别通过二三级筛网长端连接弹簧III-0302、二三级筛网短端连接弹簧III-030连接至三级筛网，二级筛网的一侧设置二级筛网出料口III-0304。
三级筛网的周边设置三级筛网挡板III-0401，三级筛网的一侧设置三级筛网出料口III-0402，三级筛网的下部通过筛网支撑弹簧III-0502连接至筛网支撑圆盘III-0501。
在该实例子中，振动筛分装置由三级振动筛构成，每级振动筛中接有出料口，便于筛分出的物料能落入不同的位置。物料从溜板II-01上滑下后由滑落挡板III-0202承接落入一级筛网III-02中，经过筛分过滤出比花生荚果颗粒大的杂质，该杂质从一级筛网出料口III-0205中滑落至第一收料箱IV-04中，花生荚果、花生瘪果和小颗粒杂质落入到二级筛网III-03中。经过二级筛网III-03的筛分过滤出花生荚果，花生荚果从二级筛网出料口III-0304中滑出后收集，花生瘪果和小颗粒杂质落入到三级筛网III-04中。经过三级筛网 III-04的筛分过滤出小颗粒杂质，该杂质从三级筛网III-04中落下后经过归集料斗IV-07归集后落入第一收料箱IV-04和第二收料箱IV-05中，花生瘪果从三级筛网中滑落至三级筛网出料口III-0402，完成物料的清选工作。
振动筛分装置整体由振动电机A III-0101和振动电机B III-0102驱动，两台振动电机使三级振动筛整体作复旋型振动，两台振动电机的安装方式为：两台振动电机分装于振动设备两侧，其转轴呈设定的安装角度。
振动筛分装置振动轨迹质心关系参见附图14所示。
两台底脚安装型振动电机通过螺母调节振动电机转轴的倾斜角度。
为方便出料，振动筛分装置中一级筛网和二级筛网为椭圆形平面冲孔筛，三级筛网为圆形平面冲孔筛。
为避免物料在振动筛分过程中向边缘聚集，每层筛网平面可做凹陷处理，各层筛网周围设有挡板，防止物料在振动过程中被甩出。
为避免物料在振动筛分过程中产生灰尘，装置整体使用透明板密封，同时能够观察系统内部的工作情况。
参照附图15和附图16所示，机架包括架体，架体的一侧上下分别布置有上传动滚筒支架IV-01、下传动滚筒支架IV-02，分别用于安装固定上传动滚筒及下传动滚筒，架体的上端安装有风选固定支架IV-08，用于安装风选装置，架体的下部设置有电机底板IV-03、筛网支撑圆盘底板IV-05及收集料斗IV-07，第一收料箱IV-04和第二收料箱IV-06可放置在收集料斗下面。
机架上设有支撑支架和定位底板，用来支撑或定位各个装置。振动筛分装置整体和机架设有一定的间隙，避免筛分装置在运动过程中，与机架发生碰撞。第一收料箱IV-04和第二收料箱IV-06与机架不是一个整体，在收料后可人工处理收集的花生杂质。
本公开的一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂系统的工作原理是：
含杂花生荚果送入送料装置的送料箱，步进电机带动传送带上的提升料斗对含杂花生荚果进行间歇提升送料。物料被输送到溜板上，在自身重力的作用下向下滑动，在下滑过程中，风选装置对物料中的残留茎叶等轻杂质进行吸附。被风选吸附后的物料进入由振动电机带动的一级筛网，振动电机通过底部的支撑带动筛网作复旋型振动，以达到物料进行筛分的目的。筛分后的物料被分为大杂质、花生荚果、花生瘪果和小杂质四部分，分别送入不同的出料口，完成吸附筛分清选工作。随即每个工位重复上述工作流程。
通过控制步进电机转速来控制提升料斗的送料速度，实现间歇送料；基于拉瓦尔管原理设计的风选装置，在物料由重力作用下从溜板下滑到筛网上的过程中，对物料中的干茎叶等轻杂质进行负压吸附；筛分装置中由振动电机带动，设计多层筛网并采用不同的安装角度，筛网之间使用弹簧连接，缓冲各层筛网的振动，筛网整体通过底部弹簧连接到机架上，为振动提供固定支撑点，各层筛网分别设置不同位置的出料口。
实施例二
本实施例的目的是提供一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂系统的工作方法，包括：
送料装置间歇送料；
物料由重力作用下滑的过程中，风选装置对物料中轻杂质进行负压吸附；
多级筛分，物料在筛分过程中产生流动性，将比花生荚果颗粒大的杂质、花生荚果、花生瘪果及小颗粒杂质分别筛分出并从不同位置的出料口排出。
风选装置中的溜板倾斜一定的角度，保证花生在重力和摩擦力的作用下能够自行下滑。
对溜板倾斜角度的确定：
取物料与溜板的摩擦系数为μ＝0.49-0.65
mgsinθ≥μmgcosθ
即：sinθ≥μcosθ
所以溜板的倾斜角度为θ＝26.1°-33.02°
吸附管道的设计时，由伯努利定理和连续性方程，在同一等高流线上可得出：
S 1V 1＝S 2V 2＝Q
Figure PCTCN2020089271-appb-000001
式中，V 1为风机入口截面处的平均速度；P 1为风机入口截面处的平均压力；S 1为风机入口截面处的截面积；V 2为喉管截面处的平均速度；P 2为喉管截面处的平均压力；S 2为喉管截面处的截面积；ρ为空气密度。
风压与风速的公式：W＝-0.5ρV 2+C
式中，W为风压，ρ为空气质量密度，V为风速，C为常数。
当V 1小于V 2时，P 1小于P 2。对进入管道的气流产生了一定的加速作用,造成喉结的气流流速高于进口处的流速，风压和风速成反比，因此喉结的压强值要低于进气口处的压强。
吸附管道尺寸参数确定：
物料中残留茎叶能够被管道吸附的原因是饱满花生荚果与残留干茎叶的漂浮速度不同。首先确定引出管的入口的漂浮速度来确定喉结处的风压和风速，建立流线方程即可确定吸附管道的尺寸。
Figure PCTCN2020089271-appb-000002
ρ T＝ρ T/(R×T T)
Figure PCTCN2020089271-appb-000003
式中，T 1为拉瓦尔管进口处工作介质的温度，K；G为质量流量，Kg/s；A 2为临界状态下的截面积，mm 2；V 0为初始速度，m/s(设为20)。求得A 2＝12.6cm 2。
扩张管尺寸可由下公式计算得到：
Figure PCTCN2020089271-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2020089271-appb-000005
式中，M a为马赫数；P C为出口气体压强，P a(P C设为1个大气压)；P T为喷嘴进口处工作介质的压力，P a(设为7×10 5)；A 1为渐缩管入口截面积，cm 2；A 3为扩张管出口截面积，cm 2；求得A 1＝339.8cm 2。
扩张管角度的计算：
Figure PCTCN2020089271-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2020089271-appb-000007
求得δ＝12°。
扩张管长度计算：
Figure PCTCN2020089271-appb-000008
收缩管的收缩角计算：
收缩段为使气体在亚音速状态下加速到声速，为使气流稳定加速一般锥角取值在30°-60°，过大气流不稳定，过小气流加速距离过长，能量损失加大，现取30°。
引出管的设计：
引出管和吸附管道的喉结相接，三叉位置会产生局部能量损失h w：
Figure PCTCN2020089271-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2020089271-appb-000010
h w＝Σh f+Σh j
其中，Σh f：沿程能量损失，Σh j：局部能量损失，ε：局部水头损失系数(无量纲)，λ：沿程水头损失系数，L：管道长度，d：管道直径，v：流体的流速，g：重力加速度。
依据能量损失方程建立有限元分析模型，分析求得引出管与扩张管轴线的夹角角度为50°时，喉结处的风压值最小，此时管道内的能量损失较小。引出管与渐缩管和扩张管相贯，为保证吸附效果，引出管结构的横截面为梯形，且横截面面积由喉结处逐渐向外增加。引出管的入风口平面与溜板平面之间的距离设计为3cm。
两台振动电机的安装方式为：两台振动电机分装于振动设备两侧，其转轴呈设定的安装角度。振动筛分装置振动轨迹质心关系图参见附图14所示，花生荚果的三轴坐标系图参见附图17所示。
安装角度的确定：
两台振动电机的质量为M 1、质心为(X 1,Y 1)，振动筛分装置整体的质为M、质心为(X,Y)，依据支撑点建立坐标系得到：
Figure PCTCN2020089271-appb-000011
式中，θ为振动方向角，rad；Δγ为两电机偏心块达到自同步稳定运转时候的相位差角，rad；β为电机转轴与水平面的夹角，rad。
力心轨迹的表达式为：
Figure PCTCN2020089271-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2020089271-appb-000013
式中，N＝3为两电机偏心块产生的离心力的比值；L＝340mm为两电机振动轴线距离。
带入求解得到β＝20°，即：两台振动电机转轴之间的相对夹角为40°就可以驱动振动筛分装置作复旋型振动。
振动筛分装置参数确定：
1.振幅
振幅的计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2020089271-appb-000014
式中，m e为振动电机产生的总激振力距；M为振动筛总质量。
取两台振动电机的偏心质量设为20kg，作椭圆型振动时，力矩比值为3：1，偏心距为0.1m，则振幅λ＝2.5mm
2.振动频率
振动频率对振动筛的效率有重要作用，实验表明，对于多种分离粒径的颗粒，较好的筛分效率在22Hz附近。低频时筛上物几乎没有被抛起的，高频时颗粒像烟尘一般充满了整个筛箱，无论是高频筛分还是低频筛分，筛分效率都偏低。由于实际生产物料情况不同，振动频率根据工作实际情况稍作调节，使振动筛更高效的投入生产工作。
3.筛面倾斜角
筛面与水平面之间的夹角，称为筛面倾斜角α。筛面角度的大小与振动筛的筛分量及筛分效率有着密切关系。当角度加大，物料在筛面上的运动速度加快，处理量随之加大，但物料在筛面上停留时间缩短，筛分效率降低。相反，角度减小，产能降低，但能获得较佳的筛分效果。
一级筛网和三级筛网为次要筛分层，倾斜角度取为0-5°；
二级筛网为主要筛分层，参考溜板的倾斜角度，所以该层筛网的倾斜角度为：θ＝26.1°-33.02°
4.振动方向角
振动方向与筛面之间的夹角称为振动方向角β。β的选择要参考所筛物料的性质，对于易于筛分的物料，其振动方向角β宜大。一般来说，动筛的取值为β＝30°-60°，因为此范围方向角下，振动筛具有良好的适用性和好的运动速度，较高的生产率。
5.抛掷指数
抛掷指数D是指振动时设备最大振动加速度的垂直分量与重力加速度g的比值，它直接反应了振动过程中被筛分的物料当接触筛网时，在因振动产生的周期性抛力和自身重力的合力作用下，运动最高点和最低点的相位差。高低点的相位关系就直接影响透筛率的高低和振动筛的物料处理量。
Figure PCTCN2020089271-appb-000015
式中，K为机械振动强度；ω为电机转动角速度；λ为振幅；δ为振动方向角；α 0为筛面倾角。
求得振动分装置的抛掷指数D＝4.3
6.筛网尺寸
建立花生荚果的三轴坐标系图如图17所示，采用实验法测量并取平均值求得不同品种花生荚果的三轴尺寸为：
长度H＝32.16mm-36.35mm
宽度W＝12.34mm-15.17mm
厚度H＝12.42mm-15.71mm
定义花生的几何平均值计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2020089271-appb-000016
式中，D g为花生几何平均值；L为花生长度；W为花生宽度；H为花生高度，其单位均为mm。
定义花生的算术平均值计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2020089271-appb-000017
花生荚果的几何平均值D g为17.72mm-20.13mm、算术平均值D a为20.35mm-21.36mm。
一级筛网尺寸值保证花生荚果的最大尺寸，二级筛网尺寸值保证花生荚果的最小尺寸，三级筛网保证花生瘪果的最小尺寸，这里定义饱满花生荚果尺寸值的50％为花生瘪果的尺寸值。由于平面冲孔筛适用于精选筛选且筛分效果明显，根据饱满花生荚果和花生瘪果的外形形状及花生荚果的三轴尺寸，所以一级筛网III-02选择25×15mm的椭圆形平面冲孔筛、二级筛网III-03选择17×6mm的椭圆形平面冲孔筛。三级筛网III-04选择8mm的圆形平面冲孔筛。每层筛网的四周设有挡板，防止物料在筛分过程中被甩出。
每级筛网之间使用弹簧连接，用来缓冲吸振，弹簧的选择要有足够的刚度，防止筛板向某一方向倾斜过大。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂系统，其特征是，包括：
    送料装置、风选装置和振动筛分装置；
    所述送料装置间歇送料至风选装置；
    所述风选装置在物料由重力作用下滑到振动筛分装置上的过程中，对物料中的轻杂质进行负压吸附；
    所述振动筛分装置包括多级筛网及两个转轴呈一定角度的振动电机，所述多级筛网整体作复旋型振动，所述多级筛网分别呈不同的角度安装，让物料在筛分过程中产生流动性，将比花生荚果颗粒大的杂质、花生荚果、花生瘪果及小颗粒杂质分别筛分出并从各层筛网设置的不同位置的出料口送出。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂系统，其特征是，所述送料装置包括箱体结构，箱体结构为空腔结构，送料箱将物料送至空腔结构中；
    所述空腔结构内设置有上下布置的上传动滚筒及下传动滚筒下传动滚筒，上传动滚筒及下传动滚筒通过张紧机构控制上下传动滚筒之间的距离，便于调节传动滚筒之间的拉力，上传动滚筒及下传动滚筒驱动其上的橡胶传送带运动，橡胶传送带两侧分别间隔均匀的设置有提升料斗，上传动滚筒和下传动滚筒通过轴承支座固定于机架上。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂系统，其特征是，所述送料装置由步进电机驱动，步进电机带动上下传动滚筒转动以此来带动传送带进而带动料斗进行间歇送料，步进电机通过小带轮、V型带和大带轮的减速驱动下传动滚筒并结合上传动滚筒，带动橡胶传送带及其上的料斗对物料进行挖取式送料。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂系统，其特征是，料斗采用柔性材料制作，料斗为深形斗，通过沉头螺栓将料斗后壁与橡胶传送带连接固定，料斗从下料箱和送料箱中挖取物料，随着橡胶传送带运动到顶部时将物料抛出。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂系统，其特征是，所述风选装置由正压风机、溜板和吸附管道组成，溜板倾斜一定的角度，保证花生在重力和摩擦力的作用下能够自行下滑；
    使用正压风机和吸附管道产生负压吸附压力，吸附管道的引出管口截面中心线与溜板末端对齐，使花生在下落到筛网的过程中吸附管道也能对花生进行负压吸附清选。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂系统，其特征是，所述吸附管道主要包括：渐缩管、扩张管和引出管；
    渐缩管收缩至喉结，截面面积逐渐减少，正压风机产生的气流逐渐加速；扩张管从喉结处截面面积逐渐增加，气流此时能够继续加速。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂系统，其特征是，所述振动筛分装置由三级振动筛构成，每级振动筛中接有出料口，筛分出的物料能落入不同的位置。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂系统，其特征是，所述振动筛分装置整体由振动电机A和振动电机B驱动，两台振动电机使三级振动筛整体作复旋型振动，两台振动电机的安装方式为：两台振动电机分装于振动设备两侧，其转轴呈设定的安装角度。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂系统，其特征是，所述送料装置、风选装置和振动筛分装置固定在机架上。
  10. 一种吸附和多级筛分式花生荚果清选除杂方法，包括：
    间歇送料；物料由重力作用下滑的过程中，对物料中轻杂质进行负压吸附；
    多级筛分，物料在筛分过程中产生流动性，物料从风选装置上滑下后由滑落挡板承接落入一级筛网中，经过筛分过滤出比花生荚果颗粒大的杂质，该杂质从一级筛网出料口中滑落，花生荚果、花生瘪果和小颗粒杂质落入到二级筛网中；
    经过二级筛网的筛分过滤出花生荚果，花生荚果从二级筛网出料口中滑出后收集，花生瘪果和小颗粒杂质落入到三级筛网中；
    经过三级筛网的筛分过滤出小颗粒杂质，该杂质从三级筛网中落下后经过归集料斗归集，花生瘪果从三级筛网中滑落至三级筛网出料口，完成物料的清选工作。
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