WO2021139277A1 - 一种物料输送装置及刮板 - Google Patents

一种物料输送装置及刮板 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021139277A1
WO2021139277A1 PCT/CN2020/119210 CN2020119210W WO2021139277A1 WO 2021139277 A1 WO2021139277 A1 WO 2021139277A1 CN 2020119210 W CN2020119210 W CN 2020119210W WO 2021139277 A1 WO2021139277 A1 WO 2021139277A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
scraper
rolling
material conveying
support
chain
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/119210
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张晓峰
马兰英
亓鹏
张晓琪
Original Assignee
山东灵犀院科技发展股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 山东灵犀院科技发展股份有限公司 filed Critical 山东灵犀院科技发展股份有限公司
Priority to SG11202112458XA priority Critical patent/SG11202112458XA/en
Priority to RU2021121043A priority patent/RU2762086C1/ru
Priority to PL20845139.3T priority patent/PL3884961T3/pl
Priority to AU2020395785A priority patent/AU2020395785B2/en
Priority to EP20845139.3A priority patent/EP3884961B1/en
Priority to US17/269,857 priority patent/US11518619B1/en
Publication of WO2021139277A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021139277A1/zh
Priority to ZA2021/08830A priority patent/ZA202108830B/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G19/00—Conveyors comprising an impeller or a series of impellers carried by an endless traction element and arranged to move articles or materials over a supporting surface or underlying material, e.g. endless scraper conveyors
    • B65G19/04—Conveyors comprising an impeller or a series of impellers carried by an endless traction element and arranged to move articles or materials over a supporting surface or underlying material, e.g. endless scraper conveyors for moving bulk material in open troughs or channels
    • B65G19/06—Conveyors comprising an impeller or a series of impellers carried by an endless traction element and arranged to move articles or materials over a supporting surface or underlying material, e.g. endless scraper conveyors for moving bulk material in open troughs or channels the impellers being scrapers similar in size and shape to the cross-section of the trough or channel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G19/00—Conveyors comprising an impeller or a series of impellers carried by an endless traction element and arranged to move articles or materials over a supporting surface or underlying material, e.g. endless scraper conveyors
    • B65G19/18—Details
    • B65G19/22—Impellers, e.g. push-plates, scrapers; Guiding means therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G21/00—Supporting or protective framework or housings for endless load-carriers or traction elements of belt or chain conveyors
    • B65G21/20—Means incorporated in, or attached to, framework or housings for guiding load-carriers, traction elements or loads supported on moving surfaces
    • B65G21/22—Rails or the like engaging sliding elements or rollers attached to load-carriers or traction elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G2207/00—Indexing codes relating to constructional details, configuration and additional features of a handling device, e.g. Conveyors
    • B65G2207/48—Wear protection or indication features

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of mechanical equipment manufacturing, in particular to conveying equipment, in particular to a material conveying device and a scraper.
  • scraper conveyors used in various industrial production are the main transportation equipment for continuous transportation of granular materials.
  • the scraper conveyor can be well matched with mining equipment, as a mobile support track for mining equipment, and can be adjusted and propelled under the drive of a hydraulic support.
  • the scraper conveyor not only serves as a carrier for transporting coal and materials, but also as the running track of the shearer, so it has become an indispensable in modern coal mining technology.
  • the scraper conveyor can maintain continuous operation and production can proceed normally. Otherwise, the entire coal mining face will be in a state of shutdown and the entire production will be interrupted.
  • the size, volume and reliability of the transported materials are the basic characteristics that the scraper conveyor should have during its life.
  • the scraper is one of the key components that affect the efficiency and reliability of the scraper conveyor.
  • innovative and improved designs for the scraper are an important part of the design of the scraper conveyor.
  • the main structure and components of the scraper conveyor are basically the same, mainly composed of four parts: the head, the middle groove, the tail and the scraper chain assembly.
  • the opening groove ledge set in the middle groove is used as a receiving mechanism for materials such as coal, and the scraper is fixed on the chain (which constitutes the scraper chain assembly) as a conveying member.
  • the driving device of the machine head is activated, the sprocket set on the driving shaft and the driven shaft will rotate accordingly, thereby driving the scraper chain to circulate and move along the ledge, so as to transport the material from the middle tank to the head for unloading the goal of.
  • the scraper chain bypasses the sprocket to perform a stepless closed loop operation.
  • the failure mode of the scraper conveyor is mainly due to wear and fatigue failure. Under certain working conditions, the maximum stress in certain areas of the scraper exceeds the allowable stress of the material of the scraper, resulting in strength failure.
  • the volume and the volume of the drive device must be increased.
  • the weight increases equipment manufacturing costs.
  • the excessive weight of the drive device will also increase the overall weight of the scraper conveyor and increase the working pressure of the hydraulic support.
  • the excessive volume of the drive device also increases the operating space of the work site. The high requirements reduce the flexibility of the scraper conveyor and increase the working limitations.
  • the scraper is made of cemented carbide steel. Materials such as coal mined by coal mining equipment collide with the scraper during the blanking process, and subsequent collisions may cause larger chunks of coal to be crushed. , Which affects the quality of coal products, and reduces the economic indicators of mining from another aspect.
  • the present invention aims to provide a material conveying device and a scraper, so as to solve at least one technical problem or defect mentioned in the background art.
  • a material conveying device includes:
  • Scraper chain components including:
  • An annular chain that can cyclically move relative to the material conveying trough along the material conveying direction;
  • a scraper body having a bottom surface close to the material conveying trough and a top surface opposite to the bottom surface;
  • a support provided on the bottom surface of the scraper body has a mounting surface, the mounting surface constitutes a part of the bottom surface; a rolling body is provided on the mounting surface, and the scraper is located on the material When above the conveying trough, the rolling body can support the scraper body; and
  • the support body is a non-metal elastic body
  • Driving device capable of driving the chain to cyclically rotate relative to the material conveying trough along the material conveying direction.
  • the friction between the scraper and the material conveying groove is changed from the original sliding friction contact to the rolling friction contact through the setting of the rolling elements, and the reduction of the friction coefficient can be greatly reduced
  • the frictional resistance between the scraper and the trough body thereby reducing the power loss of the driving device to drive the scraper, and finally realize the reduction of the load energy consumption of the scraper conveyor, or increase the effective power of the output power.
  • the rolling friction contact method is bound to reduce the wear condition of the scraper and the groove lip of the conveying groove, especially the support body constructed with non-metal elastic body, the contact between the rolling body and the conveying groove can also be buffered by the elastic support body. Further improve the stability of the operation of the scraper chain assembly during the rolling friction contact process.
  • the most direct effect is that the wear loss of the scraper and the conveying groove is greatly reduced by changing the friction method, and the replacement of the scraper and the maintenance cycle are greatly extended. Basically, it can be extended at least three times more than the traditional alloy steel scraper.
  • the failure part of the scraper mainly occurs in the support body, and the main body of the scraper hardly produces wear. When replacing or maintaining the scraper, only the support body needs to be replaced, which reduces maintenance costs and improves maintenance. effectiveness.
  • the support body uses non-metallic elastomer instead of the generally used alloy steel scraper body, which can also reduce the weight of the scraper to a certain extent, and further reduce the empty space of the scraper conveyor. Load load.
  • the rolling body is set on the support body, and the elastic effect of the support body is reflected in the support body showing a certain "expansion” trend, and this trend is released on the bottom surface of the support body, pushing the rolling body close to the conveying groove, so as to allow rolling
  • the body and the conveying groove can always be in effective contact.
  • it can be ensured that all the rolling bodies can reliably maintain contact with the conveying groove.
  • the load of the entire scraper is balanced.
  • the service life and replacement cycle of the rolling elements are relatively uniform, which meets the actual requirements of industrial design.
  • the support body supports the scraper body through the rolling elements, so that the scraper as a whole also has a certain degree of cushioning.
  • the elasticity of the support can cushion , Absorb part of the impact, which can reduce the reverse impact of the coal falling on the scraper to a certain extent, so that the coal can be buffered and then fall to the conveying trough, reducing the incident of coal crushing , Increase the proportion of lump coal in the coal, and improve the quality of coal.
  • the support body composed of non-metallic elastomer is used as the support structure for installing the rolling elements, which also improves the stability of the elastic rolling in line with the overall structure.
  • the elastic cushioning force is provided by the characteristics of the material and does not depend on the specific elastic structure, which can not only maintain the rolling.
  • the body is balanced under load and runs stably for a long time.
  • the elastomer itself can also maintain a stable state for a long time to avoid structural damage or failure caused by deformation, and cannot maintain ideal elastic properties. This will be very suitable for the working environment of scraper conveyor coal mining operations.
  • One idea is to use metal elastomers, such as springs, to provide buffering through elastic structures.
  • the support can support the rolling element from multiple angles and multiple directions, and there is no need to worry about structural damage, as long as the damage occurs after a certain degree of wear.
  • the support can be replaced or rebuilt.
  • the support can be made elastic, while also having high wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
  • an installation groove is formed on the bottom surface of the squeegee body, and the support body can be inserted into the installation groove in an embedded manner.
  • One of the installation methods of the support body is to form an installation groove in the scraper body, and then insert the processed support body into the installation groove.
  • the elastic material of the support body determines that it can be assembled by interference fit, or directly
  • the larger size of the support body is matched with the smaller size of the installation groove, and the support body is embedded in the installation groove by squeezing.
  • the supporting bodies can be manufactured in batches, and the rolling bodies can be installed on the supporting bodies first, and then assembled on the scraper body together, so that the assembly of the rolling bodies becomes simple.
  • the disassembly, assembly and replacement of the support body are very simple.
  • a texture or a stepped surface matching with each other is formed on the bonding surface of the mounting groove and/or the support body to improve the tightness of the fitting.
  • the support body is formed on the bottom surface of the squeegee body in an integrated manner.
  • Another way to form the support body is to form the bottom surface of the scraper body by direct vulcanization, pouring or injection molding.
  • This formation method is suitable for mass production of suitable scraper bodies with a reserved molding surface or molding groove.
  • non-metal elastic materials and rolling elements are directly formed on the scraper body through vulcanization, pouring, injection molding, etc.
  • This molding method will simplify the assembly process and improve the combination of the support body and the scraper body. Tightness. Of course, it also depends on the appropriate selection of elastic materials. By selecting non-metallic elastic materials that are well combined with the metal surface and meet other properties such as strength, corrosion resistance, and weather resistance, an ideal bonding effect can be obtained.
  • the material of the support is a polymer polyurethane material.
  • the support body As described above, as an ideal effect for realizing the technical intent of the various technical solutions of the present invention, it is preferable to construct the support body with a polymer polyurethane material or other elastic materials with equivalent performance.
  • a rolling bearing provided on the mounting surface of the support body, the rolling bearing is formed with a rolling groove
  • the rolling body is a ball installed in the rolling groove.
  • the rolling element can be a composite rolling element or a separate structure capable of free rolling or free rolling tendency.
  • the ideal rolling element is a spherical ball-like structure, and the rolling groove is set in conjunction with the ball.
  • the rolling groove will be configured to fix the ball to form a spherical pair in the mating state, and the rolling groove will be a semi-closed structure, and the exposed part of the ball will make rolling contact. , The rest is in the rolling groove.
  • a quick way to achieve this can be to select a suitable universal ball directly as a composite rolling element to provide a complete structure of rolling bearings and balls. Of course, you can also process the bearings and balls by yourself according to actual needs.
  • the lubrication requirements of the balls can be met by filling the lubricating medium, or by setting the rolling groove opening to match the size of the balls, allowing very small-sized materials such as carbon powder particles in coal to enter between the balls and the rolling groove as a lubricating medium Lubricate.
  • the contact between the ball and the rolling groove supporting the ball is rigid contact, and the direct support structure of the ball is preferably a rigid structure rather than an elastic structure, which will ensure a reliable combination of the ball and the rolling bearing.
  • the rolling support is detachably provided on the mounting surface of the support body.
  • the self-processed rolling bearing or the rolling bearing provided by the mature existing finished universal ball can be selected in different setting methods.
  • the rolling bearing can be molded together with the support body by molding and casting.
  • One of the above-mentioned preferred methods is to install the rolling support and the support body in a removable and replaceable manner, for example, forming a mounting hole on the support, and then embedding the rolling support into the mounting hole by extrusion.
  • a thread is formed in the mounting hole to support the installation of the rolling bearing by screwing, or the replacement or removal of the rolling bearing.
  • it further includes an auxiliary ball layer arranged in the rolling groove to support the balls, and the auxiliary ball layer includes a plurality of auxiliary balls.
  • a layer of smaller auxiliary balls is set between the rolling groove and the balls to form a secondary rolling contact to support the balls.
  • the rolling combination formed by the balls and the auxiliary balls can achieve close to the pure point.
  • the contact method of contact can further reduce the friction resistance and improve the flexibility of rotation.
  • a belt-shaped groove is formed in the rolling groove to provide space for accommodating auxiliary balls.
  • the above-mentioned structure can be provided by using existing specific types of universal balls.
  • a scraper including:
  • a squeegee body having a bottom surface and a top surface opposite to the bottom surface;
  • a support body formed on the bottom surface of the squeegee body has a mounting surface, the mounting surface constitutes a part of the bottom surface; the mounting surface is provided with a rolling body, when the squeegee is in the mounting position , The rolling body can support the scraper body;
  • the support body is a non-metal elastomer.
  • the structure of the scraper itself is improved.
  • the improvement of the squeegee can be based on a newly-made squeegee, or it can be realized by improving and adjusting the structure of the existing squeegee.
  • a material conveying device includes:
  • Scraper chain components including:
  • An annular chain that can cyclically move relative to the material conveying trough along the material conveying direction;
  • a scraper body having a bottom surface close to the material conveying trough and a top surface opposite to the bottom surface;
  • Driving device capable of driving the chain to cyclically rotate relative to the material conveying trough along the material conveying direction.
  • the rolling elements can be directly formed on the bottom surface of the scraper body, thereby improving the operating conditions of the scraper, reducing the mutual wear between the scraper and the material conveying groove, and The beneficial effect of reducing the energy consumption of the entire machine of the material conveying device such as a scraper conveyor is obtained.
  • the squeegee is made of a composite structure.
  • the squeegee is set as an inner core containing a polymer composite material, which has considerable rigidity, and the inner core is wrapped with an elastic polymer composite material, which has considerable elasticity.
  • a scraper including:
  • a squeegee body having a bottom surface and a top surface opposite to the bottom surface;
  • the improvement of the structure of the scraper itself is not limited to the provision of rolling elements through the support as described in the previous solution.
  • the improvement of the squeegee can also be based on a newly-made squeegee, or it can be realized by improving and adjusting the structure of the existing squeegee.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the scraper in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a scraper in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the side structure of the scraper in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows a cutaway schematic diagram of a part of the structure of the scraper conveyor in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic sectional view of the scraper conveyor in an embodiment of the present invention, and the cutting position is the interval between the scrapers.
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic sectional view of the scraper conveyor in an embodiment of the present invention, and the cutting position is the position of the scraper.
  • FIG. 7 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the support body part in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a scraper in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a scraper in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the rolling element in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a scraper in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 shows a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the scraper in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic side view of a component in which the rolling body of the scraper is installed on the support body in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the components of the scraper where the rolling element is installed on the supporting body in an embodiment of the present invention, and the cutting position is the position where the rolling element is located.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the bottom surface of the assembly in which the rolling body of the scraper is installed on the support body in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the scraper includes: a scraper body 2100, a scraper body 2100 has a bottom surface and a top surface opposite to the bottom surface; a support body 2500 formed on the bottom surface of the scraper body 2100, the support body 2500 has a mounting surface, the mounting surface constitutes a part of the bottom surface; the mounting surface is provided with a rolling body 2200, the scraper When the plate is in the installation position, the rolling body 2200 can support the scraper body; and the support body is a non-metallic elastic body.
  • the installation position described above refers to the position when the scraper is set on the chain.
  • the installation position can be Different changes are made according to the actual situation. It can be understood that because the rolling body is set on the mounting surface of the support body, and the support body is formed on the bottom surface of the scraper body, the rolling body is used for the scraper body in an indirect way. Support, that is, the rolling body supports the supporting body through the rolling body, and the supporting body supports the scraper body.
  • the installation positions described in this article can be referred to the above description, so the details are not repeated.
  • the material conveying device for example, a scraper conveyor, further includes: a material conveying trough 2400; a scraper chain assembly includes: an endless chain 2300, which can be opposed to the material conveying trough 2400 along the material conveying direction Circulating movement; while the scraper is arranged at intervals on the chain 2300, which can be carried by the chain 2300 to circulate in the material conveying trough 2400, and the scraper will be supported by the rolling elements 2200 in the material conveying trough 2400 and the material conveying trough
  • the interior of the 2400 makes rolling friction contact.
  • Driving device (not shown); it can drive the chain to cyclically rotate relative to the material conveying trough 2400 along the material conveying direction.
  • the friction between the scraper and the material conveying groove is changed from the original sliding friction contact to the rolling friction contact through the setting of the rolling elements, and the reduction of the friction coefficient can be greatly reduced
  • the frictional resistance between the scraper and the trough body thereby reducing the power loss of the driving device to drive the scraper, and finally realize the reduction of the load energy consumption of the scraper conveyor, or increase the effective power of the output power.
  • W zh The basic running resistance of the load branch of the scraper conveyor (N);
  • ⁇ The resistance coefficient of the material moving in the chute
  • ⁇ ' the drag coefficient when the scraper chain moves in the loaded branch chute
  • the rolling friction contact method is bound to reduce the wear condition of the scraper and the groove lip of the conveying groove, especially the support body constructed with non-metal elastic body, the contact between the rolling body and the conveying groove can also be buffered by the elastic support body. Further improve the stability of the operation of the scraper chain assembly during the rolling friction contact process.
  • the most direct effect is that the wear loss of the scraper and the conveying groove is greatly reduced by changing the friction method, and the replacement of the scraper and the maintenance cycle are greatly extended. Basically, it can be extended at least three times more than the traditional alloy steel scraper.
  • the failure part of the scraper mainly occurs in the support body, and the main body of the scraper hardly produces wear. When replacing or maintaining the scraper, only the support body needs to be replaced, which reduces maintenance costs and improves maintenance. effectiveness.
  • the support body uses non-metallic elastomer instead of the generally used alloy steel scraper body, which can also reduce the weight of the scraper to a certain extent, and further reduce the empty space of the scraper conveyor. Load load.
  • the rolling body is set on the support body, and the elastic effect of the support body is reflected in the support body showing a certain "expansion” trend, and this trend is released on the bottom surface of the support body, pushing the rolling body close to the conveying groove, so as to allow rolling
  • the body and the conveying groove can always be in effective contact.
  • it can be ensured that all the rolling bodies can reliably maintain contact with the conveying groove.
  • the load of the entire scraper is balanced.
  • the service life and replacement cycle of the rolling elements are relatively uniform, which meets the actual requirements of industrial design.
  • the scraper when the support body supports the scraper body through the rolling elements, the scraper also has a certain degree of cushioning.
  • the elasticity of the support can be Buffer, absorb part of the impact, which can reduce the reverse impact of the coal falling on the scraper to a certain extent, so that the coal can be buffered and then fall to the conveying trough, reducing the crushing of the coal Incident, increase the proportion of lump coal in coal materials and improve the quality of coal.
  • the support body composed of non-metallic elastomer is used as the support structure for installing the rolling elements, which also improves the stability of the elastic rolling in line with the overall structure.
  • the elastic cushioning force is provided by the characteristics of the material and does not depend on the specific elastic structure, which can not only maintain the rolling.
  • the body is balanced under load and runs stably for a long time.
  • the elastomer itself can also maintain a stable state for a long time to avoid structural damage or failure caused by deformation, and cannot maintain ideal elastic properties. This will be very suitable for the working environment of scraper conveyor coal mining.
  • One idea is to use metal elastomers, such as springs, to provide buffering through elastic structures.
  • the support body can be made elastic while also having higher wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
  • a mounting groove is formed on the bottom surface of the squeegee body 2100, and the support body 2500 can be inserted into the mounting groove in an embedded manner.
  • One of the installation methods of the support body is to form an installation groove in the scraper body, and then insert the processed support body into the installation groove.
  • the elastic material of the support body determines that it can be assembled by interference fit, or directly
  • the larger-sized support body is matched with the smaller-sized installation groove, and the support body is embedded in the installation groove by extrusion.
  • the supporting bodies can be manufactured in batches, and the rolling bodies can be installed on the supporting bodies first, and then assembled on the scraper body together, so that the assembly of the rolling bodies becomes simple.
  • the disassembly, assembly and replacement of the support body are very simple.
  • a texture or a stepped surface matching each other is formed on the bonding surface of the mounting groove and/or the support body to improve the tightness of the fit.
  • the support body is formed on the bottom surface of the squeegee body in an integral manner.
  • Another way to form the support body is to form the bottom surface of the scraper body by direct vulcanization, pouring or injection molding.
  • This formation method is suitable for mass production of suitable scraper bodies with a reserved molding surface or molding groove.
  • the scraper body is used as an outer mold, and non-metallic elastic materials and rolling elements are directly molded on the scraper body by direct vulcanization, pouring or injection molding.
  • This molding method will simplify the assembly process and improve the support and the scraper body. Binding tightness. Of course, it also depends on the appropriate selection of elastic materials. By selecting non-metallic elastic materials that are well combined with the metal surface and meet other properties such as strength, corrosion resistance, and weather resistance, an ideal bonding effect can be obtained.
  • the material of the support mentioned above is preferably a polymer polyurethane material.
  • the support body with a polymer polyurethane material or other elastic materials with equivalent performance.
  • the selected polymer polyurethane material or similar elastic material should meet or have the following properties:
  • the production of corresponding elastic materials can meet the requirements of the technical solutions in the various implementations of the present invention for the structure of the support body, and obtain the technical effects as described above.
  • the support body is also set:
  • the ball 4200 is installed in the rolling groove as a rolling element.
  • the rolling element can be a composite rolling element or a separate structure capable of free rolling or free rolling tendency.
  • the ideal rolling element is a spherical ball-like structure, and the rolling groove is set in conjunction with the ball.
  • the rolling groove will be configured to fix the ball to form a spherical pair in the mating state, and the rolling groove will be a semi-closed structure, and the exposed part of the ball will make rolling contact. , The rest is in the rolling groove.
  • a quick way to achieve this can be to select a universal ball of appropriate specifications directly as a composite rolling element to provide a complete structure of rolling bearings and balls.
  • the rolling bearings and balls can also be processed according to actual needs.
  • the lubrication requirements of the balls can be satisfied by filling the lubricating medium, or by setting the rolling groove opening to match the size of the balls, allowing very small-sized materials such as carbon powder particles in coal to enter between the balls and the rolling groove.
  • the lubricating medium is lubricated.
  • the contact between the ball and the rolling groove supporting the ball is rigid contact
  • the direct support structure of the ball is preferably a rigid structure rather than an elastic structure, which will ensure a reliable combination of the ball and the rolling support.
  • the rolling bearing 4201 can be optionally detachably arranged on the mounting surface of the support body.
  • the self-processed rolling bearing or the rolling bearing provided by the mature existing finished universal ball can be selected in different setting methods.
  • the rolling bearing can be molded together with the support body by molding and casting.
  • One of the above-mentioned preferred methods is to install the rolling support and the support body in a removable and replaceable manner, for example, forming a mounting hole on the support, and then embedding the rolling support into the mounting hole by extrusion.
  • a thread is formed in the mounting hole to support the installation of the rolling bearing by screwing, or the replacement or removal of the rolling bearing.
  • an auxiliary ball layer supporting the balls 4200 in the rolling groove is also provided in the rolling support, including a plurality of auxiliary balls 4202.
  • a layer of smaller auxiliary balls is set between the rolling groove and the balls to form a secondary rolling contact to support the balls.
  • the rolling combination formed by the balls and the auxiliary balls can achieve close to the pure point.
  • the contact method of contact can further reduce the friction resistance and improve the flexibility of rotation.
  • a belt-shaped groove is formed in the rolling groove to provide space for accommodating auxiliary balls.
  • the balls and the rolling support are made of high-strength metal such as stainless steel; the diameter of the balls is selected from 6-20 mm, for example, and the diameter of the auxiliary balls is selected from 2-5 mm, for example. It can be purchased according to the specifications of existing products, or it can be processed and manufactured by itself. Since the principles and products of the universal ball are all well-known and mature technologies, no more details will be given.
  • the support 3500 will not only be formed on the contact surface of the bottom of the squeegee body 3100, but also extend to the inclined surface of the bottom side of the squeegee body 3100.
  • This part of the structure does not always keep in contact with the conveying trough, but it expands the range of support, and also installs the rolling element 3200 on the bottom side of the slope, which will further improve the operating conditions of the scraper, especially the scraper conveyor It needs to be moved during operation, so it cannot be guaranteed to always be in a straight line.
  • the scraper may swing and sway.
  • the support and rolling elements are all helpful to reduce the impact and wear of the conveying groove on the two ends of the scraper. Improve the overall service life of the scraper and extend the replacement and maintenance cycle of the scraper.
  • the inclined surface on the bottom side can also be understood as a part of the bottom surface of the squeegee body.
  • another squeegee structure which includes: a squeegee body 1100.
  • the squeegee body 1100 has a top surface close to and opposite to the bottom surface; and is disposed on the squeegee
  • the rolling element 1200 on the bottom surface of the main body is located above the material conveying tank, the rolling element 1200 can support the scraper main body 1100.
  • a material conveying device of a scraper conveyor it also includes: a material conveying trough; a scraper chain assembly, which includes: an annular chain that can be opposed to the material conveying trough along the material conveying direction Circulate movement; the scrapers are arranged on the chain at intervals; and
  • Drive device can drive the chain to cyclically rotate relative to the material conveying trough along the material conveying direction.
  • the rolling elements can be directly formed on the bottom surface of the scraper body, thereby improving the operating conditions of the scraper, reducing the mutual wear between the scraper and the material conveying groove, and reducing the material conveying of the scraper conveyor, for example.
  • the scraper is made of a composite structure.
  • the scraper is set as an inner core containing a polymer composite material, which has considerable rigidity, and its rigidity is required to roughly reach the rigidity level of metals of the same specification and size, such as alloy steel.
  • composite materials can be realized in a variety of ways and materials, such as glass fiber composite materials, carbon fiber composite materials and so on.
  • the forming of composite materials is also a mature existing technology. According to performance requirements, manufacturers can produce corresponding material products. The specific formation is not repeated.
  • the production of corresponding elastic materials can meet the requirements of the technical solutions in the various implementations of the present invention for the structure of the support body, and obtain the technical effects as described above.
  • the elastic materials with the above properties are known products. Manufacturers can use a variety of known formulas and processes to produce material products with the above properties. How to prepare the various materials mentioned above is not The content covered by the technical contribution of the present invention to the technical field. The disclosure of performance parameters is sufficient to support those of ordinary skill in the art to reproduce the technical solutions in the various implementation manners provided by the present invention. Therefore, this specification no longer introduces specific material preparation methods or preferred formulations. If there are more suitable or more preferred material formulas, material preparation methods or new material products, they will all fall into the category of other inventions.
  • the rolling element structure mentioned in this implementation manner can directly refer to the relevant elaboration and introduction of the rolling element in the previous article.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present invention, “plurality” means two or more than two, unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , Or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection, it can be an electrical connection, it can also be communication; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components .
  • installed can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , Or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection, it can be an electrical connection, it can also be communication; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components .
  • the "above” or “below” of the first feature of the second feature may include direct contact between the first and second features, or may include the first and second features Not in direct contact but through other features between them.
  • the "above”, “square”, and “above” of the first feature on the second feature include the first feature directly above and diagonally above the second feature, or it simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • the “below”, “below” and “below” of the first feature of the second feature include the first feature directly above and diagonally above the second feature, or it simply means that the level of the first feature is smaller than the second feature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rollers For Roller Conveyors For Transfer (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
  • Framework For Endless Conveyors (AREA)
  • Chutes (AREA)
  • Branching, Merging, And Special Transfer Between Conveyors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种刮板，包括：刮板本体，所述刮板本体具有底面及与所述底面相对的顶面；形成于所述刮板本体的底面的支撑体，所述支撑体具有安装面，所述安装面构成所述底面的一部分；在所述安装面设置有滚动体，所述刮板处于安装位置时，所述滚动体能够支撑所述刮板本体；并且所述支撑体为非金属弹性体。同时提供应用上述刮板的物料输送设备例如刮板输送机。通过改变刮板与输送槽的接触和摩擦方式，改善刮板的工作状态和输送机的整机载荷，降低空转载荷，提升刮板乃至刮板输送机的整机使用寿命。

Description

一种物料输送装置及刮板 技术领域
本发明属于机械设备制造领域，尤其涉及输送设备，具体涉及一种物料输送装置及刮板。
背景技术
目前，用于各种工业生产的刮板输送机是连续运输颗粒材料的主要运输设备。尤其是应用在采矿领域例如煤矿开采，能够很好地与采矿设备相配合，作为采矿设备的移动支撑轨道，并且能够在液压支架的驱动之下进行位置调整和推进。特别地，在当前采煤作业中应用刮板输送机时，刮板输送机的作用不仅是作为煤和物料运送载体，而且还是采煤机的运行轨道，因此它成为现代化采煤工艺中不可缺少的主要设备。刮板输送机能保持连续运转，生产就能正常进行。否则，整个采煤工作面就会呈现停产状态，使整个生产中断。
所运送物料的尺寸和运输量以及可靠性是刮板输送机寿命期内应具备的基本特征。在成套的刮板输送机中，刮板是影响刮板输送机效率及可靠性的关键部件之一，针对刮板进行的创新设计和改进设计是刮板输送机设计中的重要组成部分。
刮板输送机的主要结构和部件基本上相同，主要由机头部，中部槽，机尾部和刮板链组件四部分组成。其工作原理是，中部槽设置的开口槽帮用作煤等物料的接收机构，刮板固定在链条(构成刮板链组件)上作为输送构件。当机头部的驱动装置开动时，主动轴和从动轴上设置的链轮随之旋转，从而带动刮板链循环并沿着槽帮移动，以达到将物料从中部槽运送到头部卸载的目的。其中，刮板链绕过链轮进行无极闭合循环操作。
发明人在做出本发明创造的过程中发现，目前，刮板输送机的失效的主要原因：
主要是工作条件恶劣：刮板输送机主要工作地点在矿井下。一来，煤矸石经常滑入槽帮与刮板之间，刮板和链条被摩擦严重，导致刮板输送机的磨损增加；二来处于采煤工作面的煤和空气中含有硫，磷等腐蚀性物质，这也将导致刮板输送机腐蚀加剧。
基于此，刮板输送机的失效形式主要是源于磨损和疲劳失效。在一定的工作条件下，刮板某些区域的最大应力超过刮板材质材料的允许应力，继而导致强度失效。
目前，煤矿用刮板输送机大部分为合金钢材质的锻压产品，重量大，摩擦 阻力大；刮板与槽帮底板为动载静压摩擦磨损，特别是刮板与槽帮的挤压磨损严重影响刮板输送机使用寿命。并且，合金钢材质的刮板因为重量缘故，也会造成刮板输送机的空载过大，约有35％以上的驱动输出功率用于做功带动刮板自身移动。为了满足输送量的需求，只能增加驱动装置的输出功率，如此一来，一方面会增加耗能，提升设备的运输成本；另外一个方面，为了提升输出功率，必然增大驱动装置的体积和重量，增加设备制造成本的同时，驱动装置过重也会造成刮板输送机整体重量升高，增加液压支架的工作压力；而且，驱动装置的体积过大还对工作场地的运转空间提出了更高的要求，使得刮板输送机的灵活性降低，工作局限性增加。
此外，刮板通过硬质合金钢制造而成，物料例如采煤设备开采的煤料在落料过程中与刮板碰撞继后，有一定可能会使较大块的块状煤料被撞碎，影响煤品的品质，从另一个方面降低开采的经济指标。
上述技术问题是发明人在实现发明创造过程中发现的，为发明人的技术认知，但并不必然构成现有技术。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种物料输送装置及刮板，从而解决至少一个背景技术之中提及的技术问题或缺陷之处。
本发明的技术意图将通过如下的技术方案实现：
一种物料输送装置，包括：
物料输送槽；
刮板链组件，包括：
环状的链条，所述链条能够沿物料输送方向相对物料输送槽循环移动；
间隔设置在链条上的刮板，所述刮板包括:
刮板本体，所述刮板本体具有靠近所述物料输送槽的底面及与所述底面相对的顶面；
设置于所述刮板本体的底面的支撑体，所述支撑体具有安装面，所述安装面构成所述底面的一部分；在所述安装面设置有滚动体，所述刮板位于所述物料输送槽上方时，所述滚动体能够支撑所述刮板本体；并且
所述支撑体为非金属弹性体；
驱动装置；能够驱动所述链条沿物料输送方向相对于物料输送槽循环转动。
物料输送装置例如使用刮板的刮板输送机，通过滚动体的设置，将刮板与物料输送槽之间的摩擦方式由原来的滑动摩擦接触变为滚动摩擦接触，摩擦系数的降低可以大幅降低刮板和槽体的摩擦阻力，由此降低驱动装置驱动刮板的功率损耗，最终实现刮板输送机的负载能耗的降低，或者说提高了输出功率的有效做功率。由此支持降低驱动装置的额定输出功率，以达到减小驱动装置的 规格的意图，实现优化设计。
另外，滚动摩擦接触方式势必减少刮板与输送槽的槽帮的磨损状况，尤其是配合非金属弹性体所构造的支撑体，滚动体与输送槽的接触还能够被弹性的支撑体所缓冲，进一步提高滚动摩擦接触过程中，刮板链组件运转的稳定性。最直接的效果就在通过改变的摩擦方式刮板和输送槽的磨损损耗都大幅降低，刮板的更换，维修周期都大幅延长，基本上都较传统的合金钢刮板能够延长至少三倍以上，并且，由于摩擦接触方式的改变，刮板失效部分主要发生在支撑体，刮板主体几乎不产生磨损，更换或者维护刮板时，只需要针对支撑体进行，降低维护成本，也提高维护的效率。
从另外一个角度，支撑体作为刮板的一部分，采用非金属弹性体代替普遍采用合金钢的刮板本体，还能在一定程度上降低刮板的自重，又进一步地降低刮板输送机的空载载荷。
将滚动体设置在支撑体上，支撑体的弹性作用体现为让支撑体呈现一定的“膨胀”趋势，而在支撑体的底面释放这种趋势，推着滚动体接近输送槽，从而能够让滚动体与输送槽能够始终有效地接触，当设置多个滚动体时，可确保全部的滚动体都能可靠地保持与输送槽的接触。一方面均衡整个刮板的负载，另一方面，滚动体的使用寿命和更换周期也比较均一，符合工业化设计的实际需求。
并且，在刮板整体中，支撑体通过滚动体支撑刮板本体，使刮板整体上也具有了一定程度的缓冲性，在刮板收到由顶部施加的冲击时，支撑体的弹性能够缓冲，吸纳部分冲击，这就能够在一定程度上降低落在刮板上的煤料所收到的反向冲击，由此能够让煤料接受缓冲后再落到输送槽，减少煤料的破碎事件，增加煤料中块状煤的比例，提升产煤的品质。
以非金属弹性体构成的支撑体作为安装滚动体的支撑结构，还提升了弹性滚动符合结构整体的稳定性，弹性缓冲力由材料的特性提供，不依赖于特定的弹性结构，不仅可以保持滚动体的受载均衡，长时间稳定运行，弹性体自身也可以长时间保持稳定的状态，避免发生结构损坏或者变形导致的失效，无法保持理想的弹性性能。这将非常适宜刮板输送机采煤作业的工作环境。一种构思是采用金属弹性体，例如弹簧等通过弹性结构提供缓冲的方式，这种方式被发明人验证为不可行，尤其是在采煤作用中，输送槽内的煤料颗粒，煤矸石颗粒造成刮板与输送槽之间的凹凸不平，而弹簧只能在大致固定的方向提供弹性支撑力，显然无法稳定地支撑滚动体。另外，如果采用弹簧作为弹性支撑，还非常容易因为弹簧与物料颗粒的接触而造成弹簧的损坏。块状的非金属弹性体则能够完美地避免上述金属弹性体的缺陷，其能够作为一个整体，支持从多角度多方向支撑滚动体，而且不用担心结构破坏，只要在发生一定程度的磨损后对支撑体进行更换或者重造即可。通过选取适合的材质，可以使支撑体在具有弹 性的同时，还具有较高的耐磨性及耐腐蚀性。
作为优选地实现方式，所述刮板本体的底面形成有安装槽，所述支撑体能够以嵌入方式装入所述安装槽。
支撑体的安装方式之一是在刮板本体形成安装槽，然后将加工好的支撑体，装入安装槽内，支撑体的弹性材料决定了可以采用过盈配合的方式进行装配，或者直接以较大尺寸的支撑体配合较小尺寸的安装槽，通过挤压让支撑体嵌入安装槽中。通过这种安装方式，可以批量制造支撑体，并且可以先在支撑体上安装滚动体，然后再一起装到刮板本体上，使得滚动体的组装变得简便。而且，支撑体的拆装、更换都非常的简便。优选在安装槽和/或支撑体的结合表面形成纹理或者相互配合的阶梯面，以提升嵌合的紧密度。
作为优选地实现方式，所述支撑体以一体成型方式形成于所述刮板本体的底面。
支撑体的另外一种形成方式是，在刮板本体的底面通过直接硫化、浇注或注塑成型的方式形成，这种形成方式适合批量制造出适合的刮板本体，预留成型面或成型槽，以刮板本体作为外模，通过硫化、浇注、注塑等方式直接将非金属弹性材料及滚动体成型在刮板本体上，这种成型方式将简化组装工序，提高支撑体与刮板本体的结合紧密度。当然也是依赖于弹性材料的恰当选取，通过选择与金属表面良好结合，并且满足强度，耐腐蚀，耐候等其他性能的非金属弹性材质，可以获得理想的结合效果。
作为优选地实现方式，所述支撑体的材质为高分子聚氨酯材料。
如上所述，作为实现本发明各技术方案的技术意图的理想效果，优选高分子聚氨酯材料或其他具有同等性能的弹性材料构造支撑体。
作为优选地实现方式，还包括：
设置于所述支撑体的安装面的滚动支座，所述滚动支座形成有滚动槽；
所述滚动体为安装于所述滚动槽内的滚珠。
滚动体可以是复合式滚动体或者单独的能够进行自由滚动或者自由滚动趋势的结构。理想的滚动体为球状的滚珠类结构，配合滚珠设置滚动槽，滚动槽将被配置为固定滚珠在其中形成球面副的配合状态，并且滚动槽将为半封闭的结构，滚珠露出部分进行滚动接触，其余部分在滚动槽内。快捷的实现方式可以是选用适合的万向球直接作为复合式滚动体，提供滚动支座及滚珠的整套结构。当然，也可以根据实际的需求，自行加工支座及滚珠。
滚珠的润滑需求可以通过填充润滑介质的方式满足，或者通过设置滚动槽开口与滚珠的尺寸配合，允许极小粒度的物料例如煤料中的碳粉微粒进入滚珠与滚动槽之间，作为润滑介质进行润滑。
特别地，滚珠与支撑滚珠的滚动槽之间的接触均为刚性接触，对于滚珠的直接支撑结构优选刚性结构，而非弹性结构，这将能够确保滚珠与滚动支座的 可靠结合。
作为优选地实现方式，所述滚动支座通过可拆卸方式设置于所述支撑体的安装面。
自行加工的滚动支座或者有成熟的现有成品万向球提供的滚动支座均可选用不同的设置方式，例如滚动支座可以是通过模压浇注方式与支撑体共同成型。而上述的一种优选方式则是采用可以拆卸及替换的方式将滚动支座装与支撑体安装在一起，例如在支撑座上形成安装孔，然后将滚动支座通过挤压嵌入安装孔中，或者在安装孔中形成螺纹，以支持通过旋合的方式装入滚动支座或者替换、拆除滚动支座。
作为优选地实现方式，还包括设置于滚动槽内支撑所述滚珠的辅助滚珠层，所述辅助滚珠层包括多个辅助滚珠。
作为提供更高稳定性和可靠性，在滚动槽与滚珠之间设置一层更细小的辅助滚珠，形成二次滚动接触，对滚珠进行支撑，滚珠和辅助滚珠形成的滚动组合可以实现接近纯点接触的接触方式，以进一步降低摩擦阻力，提升转动的灵活度。或者在滚动槽中形成带状沟槽，提供容纳辅助滚珠的空间。
可采用现有特定类型的万向球提供上述结构。
一种刮板，包括：
刮板本体，所述刮板本体具有底面及与所述底面相对的顶面；
形成于所述刮板本体的底面的支撑体，所述支撑体具有安装面，所述安装面构成所述底面的一部分；在所述安装面设置有滚动体，所述刮板处于安装位置时，所述滚动体能够支撑所述刮板本体；并且
所述支撑体为非金属弹性体。
作为本发明对现有技术做出技术贡献的另一个技术方案，对刮板本身的结构改进。刮板的改进可以是基于新制的刮板，也可以是对现有刮板的结构改进、调整而实现。
显然，这种新型的刮板应用在以刮板作为核心的运输单元的刮板输送机中，可以获得诸如前文描述的各种有益效果。
并且，上文中述及的对于刮板的各种优选和改进优化，也同样地适用于以刮板为主题的技术方案，并且可以获得对应的技术效果。
一种物料输送装置，包括：
物料输送槽；
刮板链组件，包括：
环状的链条，所述链条能够沿物料输送方向相对物料输送槽循环移动；
间隔设置在链条上的刮板，所述刮板包括:
刮板本体，所述刮板本体具有靠近所述物料输送槽的底面及与所述底面相对的顶面；
设置于所述刮板本体的底面的滚动体，所述刮板位于所述物料输送槽上方时，所述滚动体能够支撑所述刮板本体；
驱动装置；能够驱动所述链条沿物料输送方向相对于物料输送槽循环转动。
作为本发明对现有技术做出技术贡献的又一个技术方案，滚动体能够直接形成在刮板本体的底面，由此改善刮板的运转条件，减低刮板与物料输送槽的相互磨损，并获得降低例如为刮板输送机的物料输送装置的整机耗能的有益效果。优选地是，刮板采用复合结构的制成，例如刮板被设置为包含高分子复合材料的内芯，具有相当的刚度，内芯外包具有弹性的高分子复合材料，具有相当的弹性。
本方案中述及的滚动体结构，将可直接引用前文对滚动体的相关阐述和介绍。
一种刮板，包括：
刮板本体，所述刮板本体具有底面及与所述底面相对的顶面；
设置于所述刮板本体的底面的滚动体，所述刮板处于安装位置时，所述滚动体能够支撑所述刮板本体。
同样地，作为本发明对现有技术做出技术贡献的再一个技术方案，对刮板本身的结构改进，改进方式如上一个方案描述的不限于通过支撑体设置滚动体。刮板的改进同样地可以是基于新制的刮板，也可以是对现有刮板的结构改进、调整而实现。
显然，这种新型的刮板应用在以刮板作为核心的运输单元的刮板输送机中，可以获得诸如前文描述的各种有益效果。
并且，上文中述及的对于刮板的各种优选和改进优化，也同样地适用于以刮板为主题的技术方案，并且可以获得对应的技术效果。
需要强调地是，上述概述仅仅是为了说明书的目的，并不意图以任何方式进行限制。除上述描述的示意性的方案、实施方式和特征之外，通过参考附图和以下的详细描述，本发明进一步地方案、实施方式和特征将会是容易明白的。
附图说明
在附图中，除非另外规定，否则贯穿多个附图相同的附图标记表示相同或相似的部件或元素。这些附图不一定是按照比例绘制的。应当理解的是，这些附图仅描绘了根据本发明公开的一些实施方式，而不应将其视为是对本发明范围的限制。
图1绘示了本发明一实施例中刮板的底面结构示意图。
图2绘示了本发明一实施例中刮板的立体结构示意图。
图3绘示了本发明一实施例中刮板的侧面结构示意图。
图4绘示了本发明一实施例中刮板输送机的部分结构的截断示意图。
图5绘示了本发明一实施例中刮板输送机的剖切示意图，剖切位置为刮板之间的间隔处。
图6绘示了本发明一实施例中刮板输送机的剖切示意图，剖切位置为刮板所在的位置。
图7为图6中的支撑体部分的局部放大示意图。
图8绘示了本发明一实施例中刮板的立体结构示意图。
图9绘示了本发明一实施例中刮板的局部结构示意图。
图10绘示了本发明一实施例中滚动体的安装结构示意图。
图11绘示了本发明一实施例中刮板的立体结构示意图。
图12绘示了本发明一实施例中刮板的底面结构示意图。
图13绘示了本发明一实施例中刮板中滚动体安装于支撑体的组件的侧面示意图。
图14绘示了本发明一实施例中刮板中滚动体安装于支撑体的组件的剖切示意图，剖切位置为滚动体所在的位置。
图15绘示了本发明一实施例中刮板中滚动体安装于支撑体的组件的底面示意图。
具体实施方式
在下文中，仅简单地描述了某些示例性实施例。正如本领域技术人员可认识到的那样，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可通过各种不同方式修改所描述的实施例。因此，附图和描述被认为本质上是示例性的而非限制性的。
在如图4至图7绘示的实现方式中，将描述一种物料输送装置及输送装置中的刮板，其中，结合图11至图12，刮板包括：刮板本体2100，刮板本体2100具有底面及与底面相对的顶面；形成于刮板本体2100的底面的支撑体2500，支撑体2500具有安装面，安装面构成底面的一部分；在安装面设置有滚动体2200，所述刮板处于安装位置时，滚动体2200能够支撑刮板本体；并且支撑体为非金属弹性体，其中，上文中所描述的安装位置，指的是刮板设置在链条上时的位置，安装位置可以根据实际情况进行不同的改变，可以理解的，由于滚动体是设置在支撑体的安装面上，而支撑体形成于刮板本体的底面，因此，滚动体是通过间接的方式对刮板本体进行支撑，即滚动体通过滚动体对支撑体进行支撑，而支撑体对刮板本体进行支撑，其中，本文中所描述的安装位置均可以参见上文中的描述，因此不再赘述。
作为与刮板匹配的设置，物料输送装置例如为刮板输送机还包括：物料输送槽2400；刮板链组件，包括：环状的链条2300，链条2300能够沿物料输送方向相对物料输送槽2400循环移动；而刮板则间隔地设置在链条2300上，可以由链条2300所携带着在物料输送槽2400循环运转，并且刮板将被滚动体 2200支撑着在物料输送槽2400中与物料输送槽2400的内部进行滚动摩擦接触。驱动装置(图未示)；能够驱动链条沿物料输送方向相对于物料输送槽2400循环转动。
物料输送装置例如使用刮板的刮板输送机，通过滚动体的设置，将刮板与物料输送槽之间的摩擦方式由原来的滑动摩擦接触变为滚动摩擦接触，摩擦系数的降低可以大幅降低刮板和槽体的摩擦阻力，由此降低驱动装置驱动刮板的功率损耗，最终实现刮板输送机的负载能耗的降低，或者说提高了输出功率的有效做功率。由此支持降低驱动装置的额定输出功率，以达到减小驱动装置的规格的意图，实现优化设计。
具体而言，由刮板输送机有载分支的基本运行阻力W zh计算式：
W zh＝(q×ω+q0×ω')L×g×cosβ±(q+q0)×L×g×sinβ
式中：
W zh——刮板输送机有载分支基本运行阻力(N)；
L——刮板输送机设计长度(m)；
g——重力加速度，取g＝10m/s 2；
β——刮板输送机倾角(°)；
q——刮板输送机每米长度物料的质量(kg)；
q0——刮板链条每米长度的质量(kg)；
ω——物料在溜槽中移动的阻力系数；
ω'——刮板链条在有载分支溜槽中移动时的阻力系数；
“±”——根据刮板链条向上运输时取“+”号；反之取“－”号。
由上述计算式可知，当改变摩擦接触方式时，阻力系数ω'将显著下降，例如按照标准设计选取ω'为0.4,改变为点接触的滚动摩擦方式，则能够降低至0.1以下，显著减小运行阻力。
另外，滚动摩擦接触方式势必减少刮板与输送槽的槽帮的磨损状况，尤其是配合非金属弹性体所构造的支撑体，滚动体与输送槽的接触还能够被弹性的支撑体所缓冲，进一步提高滚动摩擦接触过程中，刮板链组件运转的稳定性。最直接的效果就在通过改变的摩擦方式刮板和输送槽的磨损损耗都大幅降低，刮板的更换，维修周期都大幅延长，基本上都较传统的合金钢刮板能够延长至少三倍以上，并且，由于摩擦接触方式的改变，刮板失效部分主要发生在支撑体，刮板主体几乎不产生磨损，更换或者维护刮板时，只需要针对支撑体进行，降低维护成本，也提高维护的效率。
从另外一个角度，支撑体作为刮板的一部分，采用非金属弹性体代替普遍采用合金钢的刮板本体，还能在一定程度上降低刮板的自重，又进一步地降低刮板输送机的空载载荷。
将滚动体设置在支撑体上，支撑体的弹性作用体现为让支撑体呈现一定的“膨胀”趋势，而在支撑体的底面释放这种趋势，推着滚动体接近输送槽，从而能够让滚动体与输送槽能够始终有效地接触，当设置多个滚动体时，可确保全部的滚动体都能可靠地保持与输送槽的接触。一方面均衡整个刮板的负载，另一方面，滚动体的使用寿命和更换周期也比较均一，符合工业化设计的实际需求。
并且，在刮板整体中，支撑体通过滚动体支撑刮板本体时，使刮板整体上也具有了一定程度的缓冲性，在刮板收到由顶部施加的冲击时，支撑体的弹性能够缓冲，吸纳部分冲击，这就能够在一定程度上降低落在刮板上的煤料所收到的反向冲击，由此能够让煤料接受缓冲后再落到输送槽，减少煤料的破碎事件，增加煤料中块状煤的比例，提升产煤的品质。
以非金属弹性体构成的支撑体作为安装滚动体的支撑结构，还提升了弹性滚动符合结构整体的稳定性，弹性缓冲力由材料的特性提供，不依赖于特定的弹性结构，不仅可以保持滚动体的受载均衡，长时间稳定运行，弹性体自身也可以长时间保持稳定的状态，避免发生结构损坏或者变形导致的失效，无法保持理想的弹性性能。这将非常适宜刮板输送机采煤作用的工作环境。一种构思是采用金属弹性体，例如弹簧等通过弹性结构提供缓冲的方式，这种方式被发明人验证为不可行，尤其是在采煤作用中，输送槽内的煤料颗粒，煤矸石颗粒造成刮板与输送槽之间的凹凸不平，而弹簧只能在大致固定的方向提供弹性支撑力，显然无法稳定地支撑滚动体。另外，如果采用弹簧作为弹性支撑，还非常容易因为弹簧与物料颗粒的接触而造成弹簧的损坏。块状的非金属弹性体则能够完美地避免上述金属弹性体的缺陷，其能够作为一个整体，支持从多角度多方向支撑滚动体，而且不用担心结构破坏，只要在发生一定程度的磨损后对支撑体进行更换或者重造即可。通过选取适合的材质，可以使支撑体在具有弹性的同时，还具有较高的耐磨性及耐腐蚀性。
如图7所示，刮板本体2100的底面形成有安装槽，支撑体2500能够以嵌入方式装入安装槽。
支撑体的安装方式之一是在刮板本体形成安装槽，然后将加工好的支撑体，装入安装槽内，支撑体的弹性材料决定了可以采用过盈配合的方式进行装配，或者直接以较大尺寸的支撑体配合较小尺寸的安装槽，通过挤压让支撑体嵌入安装槽中。通过这种安装方式，可以批量制造支撑体，并且可以先在支撑体上安装滚动体，然后再一起装到刮板本体上，使得滚动体的组装变得简便。而且，支撑体的拆装、更换都非常的简便。优选在安装槽和/或支撑体的结合表面形成 纹理或者相互配合的阶梯面，以提升嵌合的紧密度。
在没有绘示的实现方式中，支撑体以一体成型的方式形成于刮板本体的底面。
支撑体的另外一种形成方式是，在刮板本体的底面通过直接硫化、浇注或注射成型的方式形成，这种形成方式适合批量制造适合的刮板本体，预留成型面或成型槽，以刮板本体作为外模，通过直接硫化、浇注或注射成型等方式直接将非金属弹性材料、滚动单元成型在刮板本体上，这种成型方式将简化组装工序，提高支撑体与刮板本体的结合紧密度。当然也是依赖于弹性材料的恰当选取，通过选择与金属表面良好结合，并且满足强度，耐腐蚀，耐候等其他性能的非金属弹性材质，可以获得理想的结合效果。
其中，上述提及的支撑体的材质优选采用高分子聚氨酯材料。
如上所述，作为实现本发明各种实现方式包含的技术意图的理想效果，优选高分子聚氨酯材料或其他具有同等性能的弹性材料构造支撑体。具体而言，选用的高分子聚氨酯材料或类似的弹性材料应满足或具有如下的性能：
硬度：SHA60-SHD70；
拉伸强度：25-60MPa；
撕裂强度(直角)：50-200KN/m；
断裂伸长率：300-800％；
回弹：25-70％。
基于上述性能要求，制造对应的弹性材料即可满足本发明的各种实现方式中的技术方案对于构造支撑体的要求，获得如前文所述及的技术效果。
参考图10、图13至图15，为了配合滚动体的安装，在支撑体还设置了：
设置于支撑体的安装面的滚动支座4201，滚动支座4201形成有滚动槽；
滚珠4200作为滚动体安装于滚动槽内。
滚动体可以是复合式滚动体或者单独的能够进行自由滚动或者自由滚动趋势的结构。理想的滚动体为球状的滚珠类结构，配合滚珠设置滚动槽，滚动槽将被配置为固定滚珠在其中形成球面副的配合状态，并且滚动槽将为半封闭的结构，滚珠露出部分进行滚动接触，其余部分在滚动槽内。快捷的实现方式可以是选用合适规格的万向球直接作为复合式滚动体，提供滚动支座及滚珠的整套结构。当然，也可以根据实际的需求，自行加工滚动支座及滚珠。
滚珠的润滑需求可以通过填充润滑介质的方式满足，或者通过设置滚动槽开口与滚珠的尺寸配合，允许极小粒度的物料例如主要是煤料中的碳粉微粒进入滚珠与滚动槽之间，作为润滑介质进行润滑。
特别地，滚珠与支撑滚珠的滚动槽之间的接触均为刚性接触，对于滚珠的直接支撑结构优选刚性结构，而非弹性结构，这将能够确保滚珠与滚动支座的可靠结合。
结合图10，滚动支座4201可选择通过可拆卸方式设置于支撑体的安装面。
自行加工的滚动支座或者有成熟的现有成品万向球提供的滚动支座均可选用不同的设置方式，例如滚动支座可以是通过模压浇注方式与支撑体共同成型。而上述的一种优选方式则是采用可以拆卸及替换的方式将滚动支座装与支撑体安装在一起，例如在支撑座上形成安装孔，然后将滚动支座通过挤压嵌入安装孔中，或者在安装孔中形成螺纹，以支持通过旋合的方式装入滚动支座或者替换、拆除滚动支座。
参考图10，在滚动支架内还设置有在滚动槽内支撑滚珠4200的辅助滚珠层，包括多个辅助滚珠4202。
作为提供更高稳定性和可靠性，在滚动槽与滚珠之间设置一层更细小的辅助滚珠，形成二次滚动接触，对滚珠进行支撑，滚珠和辅助滚珠形成的滚动组合可以实现接近纯点接触的接触方式，以进一步降低摩擦阻力，提升转动的灵活度。或者在滚动槽中形成带状沟槽，提供容纳辅助滚珠的空间。
目前存在多种可选的万向球，其中万向球的型号选取可以依据如下需求：
滚珠及滚动支架均采用高强度金属例如不锈钢材料制作；滚珠的直径例如选自为6-20mm；辅助滚珠的直径例如选自为2-5mm。可以根据现有产品的规格进行选购，也可以自行加工制造。由于万向球的原理和产品均为习知的成熟技术，故而不做更多赘述。
如图6及图7绘示的实现方式，作为对前述实现方式的调整，支撑体3500将不只形成在刮板本体3100的底部的接触面，还进一步扩展到刮板本体3100的底侧的斜面，这部分结构并非始终保持与输送槽的接触，但是扩展支撑体的设置范围，并在底侧的斜面也设置滚动体3200，将能够进一步地改善刮板的运转条件，尤其是刮板输送机在运转过程中是需要进行推移的，故而无法保证始终处于一个直线，刮板可能发生摆动和晃动，支撑体和滚动体的设置都有利于减小输送槽对于刮板两端的冲击和磨损，从而提高刮板的整体使用寿命，延长刮板更换和维护的周期。
需要解释的是，在本发明的各种实现方式，底侧的斜面也可以理解是刮板本体的底面的一部分。
此外，结合图1至图3绘示的实现方式，揭示了另外一种刮板结构，其包括:刮板本体1100，刮板本体1100具有靠近底面及与底面相对的顶面；设置于刮板本体的底面的滚动体1200，刮板位于物料输送槽上方时，滚动体1200能够支撑刮板本体1100。
作为配合前述刮板结构的设置，例如为刮板输送机的物料输送装置，还包括：物料输送槽；刮板链组件，其包括：环状的链条，链条能够沿物料输送方向相对物料输送槽循环移动；刮板间隔设置在链条上；以及
驱动装置；能够驱动链条沿物料输送方向相对于物料输送槽循环转动。
在此实现方式中，滚动体能够直接形成在刮板本体的底面，由此改善刮板的运转条件，减低刮板与物料输送槽的相互磨损，并获得降低例如为刮板输送机的物料输送装置的整机耗能的有益效果。优选地是，刮板采用复合结构的制成，例如刮板被设置为包含高分子复合材料的内芯，具有相当的刚度，其刚度要求大致达到同规格尺寸的金属例如合金钢的刚度等级，基于此要求，复合材料可实现的方式、材料种类比较多，例如玻纤复合材料，碳纤维复合材料等。复合材料的成形同样是成熟的现有技术，根据性能要求，生产厂家即可制造出对应的材料产品，具体如何形成不做赘述。
而内芯外包具有弹性的高分子弹性材料，具有相当的弹性，具体的力学性能要求如下：
硬度：SHA60-SHD80；
拉伸强度：25-80MPa；
撕裂强度(直角)：50-230KN/m；
断裂伸长率：300-800％；
回弹：25-70％。
基于上述性能要求，制造对应的弹性材料即可满足本发明的各种实现方式中的技术方案对于构造支撑体的要求，获得如前文所述及的技术效果。
具有上述性能的弹性材料尤其是高分子聚氨酯材料系已知产品，生产厂家可以运用多种已知的配方和工艺制作出具备上述性能的材料产品，如何制备上文述及的各种材料也并非本发明对于本技术领域的技术贡献所涵盖的内容。对于性能参数的公开已足够支撑本领域的普通技术人员再现本发明提供的各种实现方式中的技术方案。故而本说明书不再对具体的材料制备方法或优选配方进行介绍。如有更适宜或者更优选的材料配方，材料制备方法或新的材料产品，都将属于另外的发明创造的范畴。
本实现方式中述及的滚动体结构，将可直接引用前文对滚动体的相关阐述和介绍。
本发明中未述及的地方采用或借鉴已有技术即可实现。
以上，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到其各种变化或替换，这些都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定 的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接，还可以是通信；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
上文的公开提供了许多不同的实施方式或例子用来实现本发明的不同结构。为了简化本发明的公开，上文中对特定例子的部件和设置进行描述。当然，它们仅仅为示例，并且目的不在于限制本发明。此外，本发明可以在不同例子中重复参考数字和/或参考字母，这种重复是为了简化和清楚的目的，其本身不指示所讨论各种实施方式和/或设置之间的关系。此外，本发明提供了的各种特定的工艺和材料的例子，但是本领域普通技术人员可以意识到其他工艺的应用和/或其他材料的使用。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种物料输送装置，其特征在于，包括：
    物料输送槽；
    刮板链组件，包括：
    环状的链条，所述链条能够沿物料输送方向相对所述物料输送槽循环移动；
    间隔设置在链条上的刮板，所述刮板包括:
    刮板本体，所述刮板本体具有靠近所述物料输送槽的底面及与所述底面相对的顶面；
    设置于所述刮板本体的底面的支撑体，所述支撑体具有安装面，所述安装面构成所述底面的一部分；在所述安装面设置有滚动体，所述刮板位于所述物料输送槽上方时，所述滚动体能够支撑所述刮板本体；并且
    所述支撑体为非金属弹性体；
    驱动装置；能够驱动所述链条沿物料输送方向相对于物料输送槽循环转动。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的物料输送装置，其特征在于，所述刮板本体的底面形成有安装槽，所述支撑体能够以嵌入方式装入所述安装槽。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的物料输送装置，其特征在于，所述支撑体以一体成型的方式形成于所述刮板本体的底面。
  4. 如权利要求1至3中任一项所述物料输送装置，其特征在于，所述支撑体的材质为高分子聚氨酯材料。
  5. 如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的物料输送装置，其特征在于，还包括：
    设置于所述支撑体的安装面的滚动支座，所述滚动支座形成有滚动槽；
    所述滚动体为安装于所述滚动槽内的滚珠。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的物料输送装置，其特征在于，所述滚动支座通过可拆卸方式设置于所述支撑体的安装面。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的物料输送装置，其特征在于，还包括设置于滚动槽内支撑所述滚珠的辅助滚珠层，所述辅助滚珠层包括多个辅助滚珠。
  8. 一种刮板，其特征在于，包括：
    刮板本体，所述刮板本体具有底面及与所述底面相对的顶面；
    形成于所述刮板本体的底面的支撑体，所述支撑体具有安装面，所述安装面构成所述底面的一部分；在所述安装面设置有滚动体，所述刮板处于安装位置时，所述滚动体能够支撑所述刮板本体；并且
    所述支撑体为非金属弹性体。
  9. 一种物料输送装置，其特征在于，包括：
    物料输送槽；
    刮板链组件，包括：
    环状的链条，所述链条能够沿物料输送方向相对物料输送槽循环移动；
    间隔设置在链条上的刮板，所述刮板包括:
    刮板本体，所述刮板本体具有靠近所述物料输送槽的底面及与所述底面相对的顶面；
    设置于所述刮板本体的底面的滚动体，所述刮板位于所述物料输送槽上方时，所述滚动体能够支撑所述刮板本体；
    驱动装置；能够驱动所述链条沿物料输送方向相对于物料输送槽循环转动。
  10. 一种刮板，其特征在于，包括：
    刮板本体，所述刮板本体具有底面及与所述底面相对的顶面；
    设置于所述刮板本体的底面的滚动体，所述刮板处于安装位置时，所述滚动体能够支撑所述刮板本体。
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