WO2021106862A1 - 蓄熱材組成物及び建築物の冷暖房用の蓄熱システム - Google Patents
蓄熱材組成物及び建築物の冷暖房用の蓄熱システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021106862A1 WO2021106862A1 PCT/JP2020/043642 JP2020043642W WO2021106862A1 WO 2021106862 A1 WO2021106862 A1 WO 2021106862A1 JP 2020043642 W JP2020043642 W JP 2020043642W WO 2021106862 A1 WO2021106862 A1 WO 2021106862A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
- C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat storage material composition and a heat storage system for heating and cooling a building.
- a latent heat storage material composition utilizing latent heat generated or absorbed at the time of a phase change from a liquid to a solid or a phase change from a solid to a liquid is known.
- the latent heat storage material composition is used, for example, in a heat storage system for heating and cooling a building.
- the latent heat storage material composition is simply referred to as a "heat storage material composition”.
- the heat storage material composition has a stable and sufficient heat storage effect in a required temperature range. Therefore, for example, when the heat storage material composition is used in the heat storage system for heating and cooling of a building, the following is desired for the heat storage material composition. That is, in the heat storage material composition, the phase change of the heat storage material composition occurs in a temperature range that matches or approximates the operating temperature in the heating and cooling of the building, and the amount of heat storage occurs in a narrow temperature range in this temperature range. It is desired to be large.
- an index indicating "a temperature range that matches or approximates the operating temperature of a building” for example, "5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L " indicating the lower limit temperature of this temperature range can be used. it can. Further, as an index indicating "a large amount of heat storage in a narrow temperature range”, for example, “5 ° C. width melting latent heat H 5 " can be used.
- 5 ° C. width latent heat of melting H 5 means “total amount of latent heat of melting in a temperature range of 5 ° C.”, and the total amount of latent heat of melting in a temperature range of a certain temperature T to T + 5 ° C. Q 5 for, is defined as the maximum value of Q 5 at the time of changing a T.
- “5 ° C width lower limit temperature T 5L” is defined as a lower limit value in the temperature width 5 ° C range
- 5 ° C width upper limit temperature T 5H is defined as an upper limit value in the temperature width 5 ° C range.
- the entire latent heat of melting H T means the sum of latent heat all heat storage material composition occurs when changing phase from a solid to a liquid.
- the total latent heat of fusion H T is calculated from the peak area in the case of integrated by heat flow times measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). 5 ° C. width latent heat of fusion H 5 takes the following values entire latent heat of fusion H T.
- the 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L of the heat storage material composition used in the heat storage system for heating and cooling of a building is within the range of 15 ° C. or higher and 20 ° C. or lower, the efficiency of heat exchange with the outside air is improved, which is preferable.
- the latent heat H 5 for melting in a width of 5 ° C. is 140 J / g or more, the latent heat of the heat storage material composition can be fully utilized, which is preferable.
- Patent Document 1 the heat storage material plus one or more of the potassium salt of KBr and KNO 3 in CaCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O is disclosed.
- the heat storage material composition of Patent Document 1 has a problem that the latent heat H 5 for melting in a width of 5 ° C. is small. Further, it is preferable that the heat storage material composition does not contain a melting point adjusting agent such as water because phase separation is suppressed.
- An object of the present invention is a heat storage material composition in which the 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L is within the range of 15 ° C. or more and 20 ° C. or less and the 5 ° C. width melting latent heat H 5 is 140 J / g or more, and the heat storage material composition.
- the purpose is to provide a heat storage system for heating and cooling of buildings including objects.
- the heat storage material composition according to the aspect of the present invention contains a main agent composed of calcium chloride hexahydrate, ammonium bromide, and potassium chloride, and the content of the calcium chloride hexahydrate in 100% by mass of the main agent.
- a main agent composed of calcium chloride hexahydrate, ammonium bromide, and potassium chloride, and the content of the calcium chloride hexahydrate in 100% by mass of the main agent.
- X mass% the ammonium bromide content is Y mass%
- the potassium chloride content is Z mass%
- the heat storage system for heating and cooling a building includes a heat storage material module using the above heat storage material composition.
- the heat storage material composition according to the present embodiment contains a main agent.
- the main agent consists of calcium chloride hexahydrate, ammonium bromide, and potassium chloride.
- the calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O) , may be a known.
- calcium chloride hexahydrate is usually contained in an amount of 85.0 to 93.0% by mass in 100% by mass of the main agent.
- 100% by mass of the main agent means that the total amount of calcium chloride hexahydrate, ammonium bromide, and potassium chloride is 100% by mass.
- the 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L of the heat storage material composition is within the range of 15 ° C. or higher and 20 ° C. or lower, and the 5 ° C. width melting latent heat H 5 is generated. It tends to be 140 J / g or more.
- the 5 ° C. width latent heat of melting H 5 means "the total amount of latent heat of melting in the temperature range of 5 ° C.” as described above, and the total amount of latent heat of melting in the temperature range of a certain temperature T to T + 5 ° C. Q 5 for, is defined as the maximum value of Q 5 at the time of changing a T.
- the entire latent heat of melting H T means the sum of latent heat all heat storage material composition occurs when changing phase from a solid to a liquid.
- the total latent heat of fusion H T is calculated from the peak area in the case of integrated by heat flow times measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). 5 ° C. width latent heat of fusion H 5 takes the following values entire latent heat of fusion H T.
- calcium chloride hexahydrate is preferably contained in 100% by mass of the main agent in an amount of 85.0 to 91.0% by mass.
- the 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L of the heat storage material composition is in the range of 15 ° C. or higher and 20 ° C. or lower, and the 5 ° C. width melting latent heat H 5 tends to be 140 J / g or higher.
- ammonium bromide As ammonium bromide (NH 4 Br), known ones can be used.
- ammonium bromide is usually contained in an amount of 4.0 to 10.0% by mass in 100% by mass of the main agent.
- the 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L of the heat storage material composition is within the range of 15 ° C. or higher and 20 ° C. or lower, and the 5 ° C. width melting latent heat H 5 is 140 J / g. It tends to be more than that.
- ammonium bromide is preferably contained in an amount of 5.0 to 10.0% by mass in 100% by mass of the main agent.
- the 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L of the heat storage material composition is in the range of 15 ° C. or higher and 20 ° C. or lower, and the 5 ° C. width melting latent heat H 5 tends to be 140 J / g or higher.
- KCl potassium chloride
- potassium chloride is usually contained in an amount of 1.0 to 8.0% by mass in 100% by mass of the main agent.
- the 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L of the heat storage material composition is within the range of 15 ° C. or higher and 20 ° C. or lower, and the 5 ° C. width melting latent heat H 5 is 140 J / g or higher. It is easy to become.
- potassium chloride is preferably contained in an amount of 3.0 to 5.0% by mass in 100% by mass of the main agent.
- the 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L of the heat storage material composition is in the range of 15 ° C. or higher and 20 ° C. or lower, and the 5 ° C. width melting latent heat H 5 tends to be 140 J / g or higher.
- the heat storage material composition preferably contains 85.0 to 93.0% by mass of calcium chloride hexahydrate, 4.0 to 10.0% by mass of ammonium bromide, and potassium chloride in 100% by mass of the main agent. It is contained in an amount of 1.0 to 8.0% by mass.
- the 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L of the heat storage material composition is within the range of 15 ° C. or more and 20 ° C. or less and the 5 ° C. width melting latent heat.
- H 5 is likely to be more than 140J / g.
- the heat storage material composition is more preferably 85.0 to 91.0% by mass of calcium chloride hexahydrate, 5.0 to 10.0% by mass of ammonium bromide and potassium chloride in 100% by mass of the main agent. Is contained in an amount of 3.0 to 5.0% by mass.
- the 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L of the heat storage material composition is within the range of 15 ° C. or more and 20 ° C. or less and 5 ° C. width melting.
- Latent heat H 5 tends to be 140 J / g or more.
- X, Y, and Z in the main agent satisfy the following formulas (1) to (4).
- the content of calcium chloride hexahydrate in the main agent is X% by mass
- the content of ammonium bromide is Y% by mass
- the content of potassium chloride is Z% by mass. It is defined as.
- FIG. 3 is a ternary phase diagram showing a suitable range of the contents of calcium chloride hexahydrate, ammonium bromide, and potassium chloride in the main agent.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. The quadrangle R shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and the inside thereof are in a range satisfying the above equations (1) to (4).
- the 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L of the heat storage material composition is 15 ° C. or higher and 20 ° C. or less and in the range of 5 ° C. width latent heat of fusion H 5 tends to be more 140 J / g.
- the heat storage material composition according to the present embodiment further contains a specific melting point lowering agent because the melting point of the main agent is lowered.
- a specific melting point lowering agent for example, at least one melting point selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium bromide, ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, and urea.
- a lowering agent is used.
- the heat storage material composition according to the present embodiment further contains a specific supercooling inhibitor because the supercooling of the main agent is suppressed.
- the overcooling inhibitor include strontium hydroxide octahydrate, strontium hydroxide, strontium chloride, strontium chloride hexahydrate, octadecane, decanoic acid, biscous rayon, bromooctadecan, monododecyl sodium phosphate, and alumina.
- the heat storage material composition according to the present embodiment further contains a specific phase separation inhibitor because the phase separation of the main agent is suppressed.
- the phase separation inhibitor include sodium silicate, water glass, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid ester, copolymer of acrylamide / acrylic acid / DMAEA-MeCl, polyacrylic acid ester type, polyacrylamide, and polyaluminium chloride.
- At least one phase separation inhibitor selected from the group consisting of derivatives of the above, starches, derivatives of starches, konjak, agar, layered silicates, and composites of these substances is used.
- the heat storage material composition according to the present embodiment has a 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L within a range of 15 ° C. or higher and 20 ° C. or lower, and is a suitable temperature range as a latent heat storage material composition of a heat storage system for heating and cooling of buildings. Expresses heat storage performance. Therefore, the heat storage material composition according to the present embodiment is suitable as a latent heat storage material composition for a heat storage system for heating and cooling a building.
- the heat storage material composition according to the present embodiment has a 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L of 15 ° C. or higher and 20 ° C. or lower, preferably 15 ° C. or higher and 19 ° C. or lower. Since the heat storage material composition according to the present embodiment has a 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L within the above numerical range, the heat storage performance can be maintained in a temperature range suitable for the latent heat storage material composition of the heat storage system for heating and cooling of buildings. Express. Therefore, the heat storage material composition according to the present embodiment is suitable as a latent heat storage material composition for a heat storage system for heating and cooling a building.
- Heat storage material composition according to the present embodiment 5 ° C. width latent heat of fusion H 5 is 140 J / g or more, preferably 170J / g or more. Heat storage material composition according to the present embodiment, since the 5 ° C. width latent heat of fusion H 5 is within the above range, it is suitable as latent heat storage material composition of the heat storage system for heating and cooling of buildings.
- Heat storage material composition according to the present embodiment the entire latent heat of fusion H T is 140 J / g or more, preferably 170J / g or more. Heat storage material composition according to the present embodiment, since the entire latent heat of fusion H T is within the above numerical range, it is suitable as latent heat storage material composition of the heat storage system for heating and cooling of buildings.
- the entire latent heat of melting H T is meant latent heat summation of generated upon phase change from solid to liquid.
- the total latent heat of fusion H T is calculated from the peak area in the case of integrated by heat flow times measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). 5 ° C. width latent heat of fusion H 5 takes the following values entire latent heat of fusion H T.
- the 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L is within the range of 15 ° C. or more and 20 ° C. or less, and the 5 ° C. width melting latent heat H 5 is 140 J / g or more. You get things.
- the heat storage system for heating and cooling a building according to the present embodiment includes a heat storage material module using the heat storage material composition according to the present embodiment.
- the heat storage material module is composed of, for example, a heat storage material pack in which the heat storage material composition is filled in a container having sufficient airtightness, and one or more of the heat storage material packs are laminated and an appropriate flow path is provided. Modular ones are used. Examples of the container used for the heat storage material pack include an aluminum pack formed by heat welding an aluminum pack sheet formed by laminating a resin sheet on an aluminum sheet.
- the heat storage module is installed on at least a part of the floor, wall surface, and ceiling surface that divides the space in the building.
- the heat storage material module installed in this way is stored (cold) by heat exchange between the module surface and the atmosphere that ventilates the module surface, solar heat by solar radiation, and an air conditioning system that uses nighttime power.
- the heat storage material composition in the heat storage material module is melted by the heat obtained from the space in the building, and the enthalpy corresponding to the heat is retained inside the heat storage material composition.
- the melted heat storage material composition solidifies and releases heat to the space inside the building.
- the heat storage material module is installed in the building in this way, the energy load for heating and cooling can be reduced by the action of melting and solidifying the heat storage material composition.
- heat storage material system According to the heat storage material system according to the present embodiment, heat is stored (cold storage) by heat exchange between the module surface and the atmosphere in which the module surface is ventilated, solar heat by solar radiation, an air conditioning system using nighttime power, and the like. The energy load for can be reduced.
- Example 1 (Preparation of heat storage material composition) Calcium chloride hexahydrate (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade), ammonium bromide (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade), and potassium chloride (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade) were prepared. Calcium chloride hexahydrate, ammonium bromide, and potassium chloride were mixed in a 20 ml glass sample bottle in a predetermined amount so as to have a total of about 5 g.
- the amounts of calcium chloride hexahydrate, ammonium bromide, and potassium chloride were blended in such an amount that the composition of the obtained heat storage material composition was as shown in Table 1.
- a heat storage material composition was obtained (Sample No. A1).
- the presence or absence of precipitation during the preparation of the heat storage material composition was examined.
- the formation of a precipitate during the preparation of the heat storage material composition is an index indicating that the characteristic stability of the heat storage material composition is low when solidification and melting are repeated.
- Sample No. No precipitation was formed in the heat storage material composition of A1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the 5 ° C width melting latent heat H 5 is the moment when the heat flow measured by the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) changes from a certain moment (time t 1 , temperature T 1 ) to a temperature T 1 + 5 ° C (time t 2 , It was time-integrated up to the temperature T 1 + 5) and derived as the maximum value. Further, the 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L was derived as the lower limit temperature (temperature T 1 ) when calculating the 5 ° C. width melting latent heat H 5. These results are shown in Table 1.
- Examples 2-37, Comparative Examples 1-13 The same as in Example 1 except that the blending amounts of calcium chloride hexahydrate, ammonium bromide, and potassium chloride were changed so that the obtained heat storage material composition had the composition shown in Table 1 or Table 2. , A heat storage material composition was obtained (Sample Nos. A2 to A50).
- sample No. For A2 to A50 the presence or absence of precipitation of the heat storage material composition was examined in the same manner as in Example 1.
- sample No. For A41 to A46 a precipitate of the heat storage material composition was formed at the time of preparation. Therefore, the sample No. A41 ⁇ A46 could not measure such total latent heat of fusion H T, 5 ° C. width latent heat of fusion H 5, 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L.
- sample No. Per A2 ⁇ A50 in the same manner as in Example 1, it was calculated overall latent heat of fusion H T, 5 ° C. width latent heat of fusion H 5, 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- the sample No. A1 to A37 satisfy the formulas (1) to (4), and the 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L is within the range of 15 ° C. or higher and 20 ° C. or lower, and the 5 ° C. width melting latent heat H 5 is 140 J / g or more. It turned out to be a material composition.
- sample No. A41 ⁇ A46 was not measured overall for precipitation of the heat storage material composition was formed latent heat of fusion H T, 5 ° C. width latent heat of fusion H 5, 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L or the like during preparation.
- the sample No. It was found that the 5 ° C. lower limit temperature T 5L of A38 to A40 and A47 to A50 exceeded 20 ° C.
- FIG. 3 is a ternary composition diagram showing a preferable range of the contents of calcium chloride hexahydrate, ammonium bromide, and potassium chloride in the main agent.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a part of FIG.
- Sample No. The compositions of the heat storage material compositions of A1 to A50 are plotted in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- the formulas (1) to (4) are satisfied, the 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L is within the range of 15 ° C. or higher and 20 ° C. or lower, and the 5 ° C. width melting latent heat H 5 is 140 J / g or higher.
- the plot of the heat storage material composition is indicated by the symbol ⁇ .
- the symbol ⁇ indicates a heat storage material composition having good properties.
- the quadrangular region R is an region satisfying the following equations (1) to (4).
- the heat storage material composition of the symbol ⁇ shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 satisfies all of the following conditions (a) to (c).
- (A) Calcium chloride hexahydrate is contained in an amount of 85.0 to 93.0% by mass in 100% by mass of the main agent.
- (A) Ammonium bromide is contained in an amount of 4.0 to 10.0% by mass in 100% by mass of the main agent.
- (C) Potassium chloride is contained in an amount of 1.0 to 8.0% by mass in 100% by mass of the main agent.
- the heat storage material compositions of A1 to A37 have a 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L in the range of 15 ° C. or higher and 20 ° C. or lower, and a 5 ° C. width melting latent heat H 5 of 140 J / g or more, and are used for heating and cooling of buildings. It was found to be good as a heat storage material composition for a heat storage system.
- the heat storage composition of A38 to A40 is not good as a heat storage composition of a heat storage system for heating and cooling of a building because at least one of a 5 ° C width lower limit temperature T 5L and a 5 ° C width melting latent heat H 5 is not preferable. Do you get it.
- a heat storage material composition in which the 5 ° C. width lower limit temperature T 5L is within the range of 15 ° C. or more and 20 ° C. or less and the 5 ° C. width melting latent heat H 5 is 140 J / g or more, and the heat storage material composition. It is possible to provide a heat storage system for heating and cooling of a building including an object.
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Abstract
Description
[数1]
X+Y+Z=100 (1)
[数2]
X+0.714Y-90.857≧0 (2)
[数3]
X+Y-99.000≦0 (3)
[数4]
4≦Y≦10 (4)
本実施形態に係る蓄熱材組成物は、主剤を含む。主剤は、塩化カルシウム6水和物、臭化アンモニウム、及び塩化カリウムからなる。
塩化カルシウム6水和物(CaCl2・6H2O)としては、公知のものを用いることができる。
臭化アンモニウム(NH4Br)としては、公知のものを用いることができる。
塩化カリウム(KCl)としては、公知のものを用いることができる。
蓄熱材組成物では、主剤におけるX、Y、及びZが下記式(1)~(4)を満たすことが好ましい。ここで、X、Y、及びZは、主剤中の塩化カルシウム6水和物の含有量をX質量%、臭化アンモニウムの含有量をY質量%、及び前記塩化カリウムの含有量をZ質量%と規定したものである。
X+Y+Z=100 (1)
[数6]
X+0.714Y-90.857≧0 (2)
[数7]
X+Y-99.000≦0 (3)
[数8]
4≦Y≦10 (4)
本実施形態に係る蓄熱材組成物は、特定の融点降下剤をさらに含むと、主剤の融点が降下するため好ましい。融点降下剤としては、例えば、塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、硝酸ナトリウム、臭化ナトリウム、塩化アンモニウム、臭化アンモニウム、硫酸アンモニウム、硝酸アンモニウム、リン酸アンモニウム、及び尿素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の融点降下剤が用いられる。
本実施形態に係る蓄熱材組成物は、特定の過冷却抑制剤をさらに含むと、主剤の過冷却が抑制されるため好ましい。過冷却抑制剤としては、例えば、水酸化ストロンチウム八水和物、水酸化ストロンチウム、塩化ストロンチウム、塩化ストロンチウム六水和物、オクタデカン、デカン酸、ビスコースレーヨン、ブロモオクタデカン、リン酸モノドデシルナトリウム、アルミナ、プロパノール、2-プロパノール、1-プロパノール、リン酸ドデシルNa、ホウ砂Na2B4O5(OH)4・8H2O、水酸化カルシウム、水酸化バリウム、水酸化アルミニウム、黒鉛、アルミニウム、二酸化チタン、ヘクトライト、スメクタイトクレイ、ベントナイト、ラポナイト、プロピレングリコール、エチレングリコール、グリセリン、エチレンジアミン四酢酸、アルキル硫酸ナトリウム、アルキルリン酸ナトリウム、アルキル硫酸カリウム、及びアルキルリン酸カリウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の過冷却抑制剤が用いられる。
本実施形態に係る蓄熱材組成物は、特定の相分離抑制剤をさらに含むと、主剤の相分離が抑制されるため好ましい。相分離抑制剤としては、例えば、ケイ酸ナトリウム、水ガラス、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリル酸エステル、アクリルアミド・アクリル酸・DMAEA-MeClの共重合物、ポリアクリル酸エステル系、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリ塩化アルミニム、硫酸アルミニウム、ポリ硫酸第二鉄、ポリカルボキシレートポリエーテルポリマー、アクリル酸・マイレン酸共重合体ナトリウム、アクリル酸・スルホン酸系モノマー共重合体ナトリウム、アクリルアミド・ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリラートジメチル硫酸塩共重合物、アクリルアミド・アクリル酸ソーダ共重合物、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、高吸水樹脂(SAP)、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)、CMCの誘導体、カラギーナン、カラギーナンの誘導体、キサンタンガム、キサンタンガムの誘導体、ペクチン、ペクチンの誘導体、デンプン、デンプンの誘導体、コンニャク、寒天、層状ケイ酸塩、及びこれらの物質の複合物質からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の相分離抑制剤が用いられる。
本実施形態に係る蓄熱材組成物は、5℃幅下限温度T5Lが15℃以上20℃以下の範囲内にありかつ建築物の冷暖房用の蓄熱システムの潜熱蓄熱材組成物として好適な温度範囲で蓄熱性能を発現する。このため、本実施形態に係る蓄熱材組成物は、建築物の冷暖房用の蓄熱システムの潜熱蓄熱材組成物として好適である。
本実施形態に係る蓄熱材組成物によれば、5℃幅下限温度T5Lが15℃以上20℃以下の範囲内にありかつ5℃幅融解潜熱H5が140J/g以上である蓄熱材組成物が得られる。
本実施形態に係る建築物の冷暖房用の蓄熱システムは、上記本実施形態に係る蓄熱材組成物を用いた蓄熱材モジュールを具備する。
蓄熱材モジュールとしては、例えば、前記蓄熱材組成物を十分な密封性を有する容器に充填させた蓄熱材パックからなり、この蓄熱材パックを単数ないしは複数積層させるとともに、適切な流路を設け、モジュール化したものが用いられる。蓄熱材パックに用いる容器としては、例えば、アルミシートに樹脂製シートを積層して形成されたアルミパックシートを熱溶着することで形成されたアルミパック等が挙げられる。蓄熱材モジュールは、建築物中の空間を区切る床面、壁面、天井面の少なくとも一部に設置される。
本実施形態に係る蓄熱材システムによれば、モジュール表面とこのモジュール表面を通気した雰囲気との熱交換、日射による日射熱、夜間電力を利用した空調システム等によって蓄熱(蓄冷)されるため、冷暖房のためのエネルギー負荷を低減することができる。
(蓄熱材組成物の作製)
塩化カルシウム6水和物(キシダ化学株式会社製、特級)と、臭化アンモニウム(キシダ化学株式会社製、特級)と、塩化カリウム(キシダ化学株式会社製、特級)とを用意した。
20mlのガラス製サンプル瓶に、塩化カルシウム6水和物と、臭化アンモニウムと、塩化カリウムを、合計約5gになるように所定量混合した。塩化カルシウム6水和物、臭化アンモニウム、及び塩化カリウムの量は、得られる蓄熱材組成物の組成が表1に示す組成になるような量で配合した。 得られた混合物を50℃以上で湯煎したところ、蓄熱材組成物が得られた(試料No.A1)。
また、蓄熱材組成物の調製時の沈殿の生成の有無を調べた。蓄熱材組成物の調製時に沈殿が生成することは、凝固・融解を繰り返したときの蓄熱材組成物の特性安定性が低いことを示す指標である。試料No.A1の蓄熱材組成物では、沈殿は生成しなかった。結果を表1に示す。
蓄熱材組成物から約10mg試料を採取し、DSC(示差走査熱量計)としてメトラートレド株式会社製DSC3+を用いて、蓄熱材組成物の全体融解潜熱HT、5℃幅融解潜熱H5、5℃幅下限温度T5Lを測定した。全体融解潜熱HTは、示差走査熱量計(DSC)にて測定されるヒートフローを時間で積分した場合のピーク面積から算出した。5℃幅融解潜熱H5は、示差走査熱量計(DSC)にて測定されるヒートフローをある瞬間(時間t1,温度T1)から温度T1+5℃となった瞬間(時間t2,温度T1+5)まで時間積分し、その最大値として導出した。また、5℃幅下限温度T5Lは、5℃幅融解潜熱H5の算出の際の下限温度(温度T1)として導出した。これらの結果を表1に示す。
得られる蓄熱材組成物が表1又は表2に示す組成になるように、塩化カルシウム6水和物、臭化アンモニウム、及び塩化カリウムの配合量を変えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、蓄熱材組成物を得た(試料No.A2~A50)。
図3は、主剤における、塩化カルシウム6水和物、臭化アンモニウム、及び塩化カリウムの含有量の好適な範囲を示す三元系組成図である。図4は、図3の一部を拡大して示す図である。
図3及び図4において、式(1)~(4)を満たし、5℃幅下限温度T5Lが15℃以上20℃以下の範囲内にありかつ5℃幅融解潜熱H5が140J/g以上である蓄熱材組成物のプロットを記号○で示す。記号○は、特性が良好である蓄熱材組成物を示す。
X+Y+Z=100 (1)
[数10]
X+0.714Y-90.857≧0 (2)
[数11]
X+Y-99.000≦0 (3)
[数12]
4≦Y≦10 (4)
(ア)主剤100質量%中に、塩化カルシウム6水和物が85.0~93.0質量%含まれる。
(イ)主剤100質量%中に、臭化アンモニウムが4.0~10.0質量%含まれる。
(ウ)主剤100質量%中に、塩化カリウムが1.0~8.0質量%含まれる。
T5H 5℃幅上限温度
HT 全体融解潜熱
H5 5℃幅融解潜熱
Claims (6)
- 塩化カルシウム6水和物、臭化アンモニウム、及び塩化カリウムからなる主剤を含み、
前記主剤100質量%中の、前記塩化カルシウム6水和物の含有量をX質量%、前記臭化アンモニウムの含有量をY質量%、前記塩化カリウムの含有量をZ質量%と規定したとき、X、Y、及びZが下記式(1)~(4)を満たす蓄熱材組成物。
[数1]
X+Y+Z=100 (1)
[数2]
X+0.714Y-90.857≧0 (2)
[数3]
X+Y-99.000≦0 (3)
[数4]
4≦Y≦10 (4) - 前記主剤100質量%中に、
前記塩化カルシウム6水和物が85.0~93.0質量%、
前記臭化アンモニウムが4.0~10.0質量%、及び
前記塩化カリウムが1.0~8.0質量%含まれる請求項1に記載の蓄熱材組成物。 - 塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、硝酸ナトリウム、臭化ナトリウム、塩化アンモニウム、臭化アンモニウム、硫酸アンモニウム、硝酸アンモニウム、リン酸アンモニウム、及び尿素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の融点降下剤をさらに含む請求項1又は2に記載の蓄熱材組成物。
- 水酸化ストロンチウム八水和物、水酸化ストロンチウム、塩化ストロンチウム、塩化ストロンチウム六水和物、オクタデカン、デカン酸、ビスコースレーヨン、ブロモオクタデカン、リン酸モノドデシルナトリウム、アルミナ、プロパノール、2-プロパノール、1-プロパノール、リン酸ドデシルNa、ホウ砂Na2B4O5(OH)4・8H2O、水酸化カルシウム、水酸化バリウム、水酸化アルミニウム、黒鉛、アルミニウム、二酸化チタン、ヘクトライト、スメクタイトクレイ、ベントナイト、ラポナイト、プロピレングリコール、エチレングリコール、グリセリン、エチレンジアミン四酢酸、アルキル硫酸ナトリウム、アルキルリン酸ナトリウム、アルキル硫酸カリウム、及びアルキルリン酸カリウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の過冷却抑制剤をさらに含む請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の蓄熱材組成物。
- ケイ酸ナトリウム、水ガラス、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリル酸エステル、アクリルアミド・アクリル酸・DMAEA-MeClの共重合物、ポリアクリル酸エステル系、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリ塩化アルミニム、硫酸アルミニウム、ポリ硫酸第二鉄、ポリカルボキシレートポリエーテルポリマー、アクリル酸・マイレン酸共重合体ナトリウム、アクリル酸・スルホン酸系モノマー共重合体ナトリウム、アクリルアミド・ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリラートジメチル硫酸塩共重合物、アクリルアミド・アクリル酸ソーダ共重合物、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、高吸水樹脂(SAP)、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)、CMCの誘導体、カラギーナン、カラギーナンの誘導体、キサンタンガム、キサンタンガムの誘導体、ペクチン、ペクチンの誘導体、デンプン、デンプンの誘導体、コンニャク、寒天、層状ケイ酸塩、及びこれらの物質の複合物質からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の相分離抑制剤をさらに含む請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の蓄熱材組成物。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の蓄熱材組成物を用いた蓄熱材モジュールを具備する、建築物の冷暖房用の蓄熱システム。
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