WO2021063124A1 - 馈电组件及辐射单元 - Google Patents

馈电组件及辐射单元 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021063124A1
WO2021063124A1 PCT/CN2020/109881 CN2020109881W WO2021063124A1 WO 2021063124 A1 WO2021063124 A1 WO 2021063124A1 CN 2020109881 W CN2020109881 W CN 2020109881W WO 2021063124 A1 WO2021063124 A1 WO 2021063124A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
feed
feeding
hole
power feeding
component
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PCT/CN2020/109881
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘永军
肖飞
黄立文
姜维维
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京信通信技术(广州)有限公司
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Publication of WO2021063124A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021063124A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/48—Combinations of two or more dipole type antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/108—Combination of a dipole with a plane reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/001—Crossed polarisation dual antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a feeder assembly and a radiation unit.
  • An important indicator of the base station antenna industry is dynamic intermodulation, which is to test the intermodulation of the antenna during the vibration process.
  • dynamic intermodulation is to test the intermodulation of the antenna during the vibration process.
  • all parts of the antenna need to be kept in a stable state, that is, they will not be displaced when subjected to external shocks.
  • the stability of its own assembly and the mutual stability of the parts in the assembly have a direct impact on the index of the entire antenna. For this reason, when designing an important component feed assembly in the radiating unit, the mutual fixation with the main body of the vibrator should be considered.
  • the main purpose of this application is to provide a feeder assembly with high structural stability.
  • Another object of the present application is to provide a radiating unit including the above-mentioned feeding assembly.
  • the present application relates to a power feeding assembly, which is inserted into a preset power feeding hole of a radiating unit, and includes a power feeding column and a feeding medium sleeved on the outside of the power feeding column, and the power feeding column
  • the feeding medium adopts an injection molding integrated structure, and the outside of the feeding medium is provided with abutting parts for tightly fitting with the inner wall of the feeding hole for fixing.
  • the abutting portion includes a rib provided on the outer side wall of the feeding medium.
  • the convex ribs are provided with a plurality of ribs and are arranged at intervals along the outer circumference of the feeding medium.
  • the abutting portion includes a buckle for snap-fitting with a preset assembly groove on the inner wall of the power feeding hole.
  • it also includes a limit pin provided at both ends of the length direction and used for cooperating with the preset limit groove on the edge of the power feeding hole.
  • both ends of the feeding medium are provided with steps for the medium part of the transmission cable to abut against.
  • the area of both ends of the feeding column is larger than the cross-sectional area of the middle part thereof.
  • the present application relates to a radiating unit, including a dipole, a balun structure, a feed port integrated in the balun structure, and a transmission cable.
  • the transmission cables are provided with two and respectively Correspondingly connect the dipoles in the same polarization direction, and each end of the two transmission cables is electrically connected to the corresponding dipole, and the other ends of the two transmission cables are connected to the feed port to realize the combination.
  • the power feeding port includes a power feeding hole opened on the balun structure base and a power feeding component installed in the power feeding hole, and the power feeding component is the above-mentioned power feeding component.
  • the balun structure is provided with a limiting slot for matching with the power feeding component at the edge of the power feeding hole.
  • the bottom of the balun structure is provided with a connection terminal extending in a direction away from the dipole along the circumferential direction of the feed hole, and the length of the connection terminal is adapted to the length of the feed assembly.
  • the feed assembly is installed in the feed hole of the radiating unit to form a feed port.
  • the feed assembly adopts a tape injection molding process to combine two different materials. The combination of these parts into a whole helps to strengthen the structural stability and reduce the impact of assembly differences on the antenna index; on the other hand, through the setting of limit pins and the tight fit between the abutment part and the feed hole , To further limit the degree of freedom of the feeding assembly in the feeding hole, which is beneficial to ensure the relative stability of the feeding assembly and the radiating unit, and to ensure the stability of the antenna index.
  • each radiating unit can reduce the number, length and cable clamps of coaxial cables, the layout of the antenna on the back of the reflector becomes quite simple and helps reduce Antenna weight; because there is no need to set up a separate power splitter, the connection between the radiating unit and the phase shifter and the reflector is relatively stable, which is beneficial to improve the intermodulation stability.
  • the reflector only needs two cables for each radiation unit The via holes are for the power feeder to be inserted and installed, and three fixing holes are provided for fixing the radiating unit, which helps to reduce the number of holes on the reflector and reduce the problem of intermodulation differences caused by burrs in the holes.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the power feeding structure of this application.
  • FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment of the power feeding structure of this application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feeding column in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of an embodiment of the radiation unit of this application.
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part A of Fig. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the back structure of an embodiment of the radiation unit of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part B of Fig. 6;
  • FIG. 8a is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the power feeding structure of this application.
  • Fig. 8b is a three-dimensional structural diagram of another embodiment of the power feeding structure of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the radiation unit of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is an enlarged schematic view of part C of Fig. 9.
  • Feeding component 11. Feeding column; 12. Feeding medium; 121. Limit pin; 122. Step; 13. Abutment portion; 131. Rib; 132. Clip; 2. Dipole Sub; 3. Balun structure; 31, power feeding port; 32, wiring terminal; 321, positioning slot; 33, limit slot; 34, welding slot; 4. power feeding parts; 1000, radiation unit.
  • the present application relates to a feeder assembly 1, which is inserted into a predetermined feed hole of the radiating unit 1000 to form the feed port 31 of the radiating unit 1000, which has good stability.
  • the radiation unit 1000 will not be displaced when subjected to an external impact, and at the same time, it can assist the positioning of the transmission cable, facilitate welding, and can ensure that all parts of the radiation unit 1000 maintain a stable state.
  • the feeder assembly 1 includes a feeder column 11 and a feeder medium 12.
  • the feeder column 11 and the feeder medium 12 adopt a tape injection molding process to form an integrated structure, which can avoid the antenna vibration process
  • the mutual displacement between the feeding column 11 and the feeding medium 12, and an abutting portion 13 is also provided on the outside of the feeding medium 12, so that the feeding assembly 1 can be stabilized by the abutting portion 13
  • the ground is installed in the feed hole.
  • the abutting portion 13 includes a rib 131 arranged on the outside of the feeding medium 12, so that the outer diameter of the feeding assembly 1 is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the feeding hole, so that the feeding assembly 1 is assembled
  • the ribs 131 can deform and fit closely with the inner wall of the feeding hole, and at the same time, they can generate a relatively large frictional force.
  • the relatively large frictional force makes the feeder assembly 1 unable to easily move from The feeding hole exits, thereby restricting the degree of freedom of the feeding line assembly along its length direction.
  • the convex ribs 131 extend along the length direction of the power feeding assembly 1, and a plurality of the convex ribs 131 are provided at intervals along the circumferential direction of the feeding medium 12.
  • the abutting portion 13 further includes a buckle 132 provided at the end of the feeding medium 12, and the buckle 132 can Snap-fit with the pre-assembled slot (not marked in the figure, the same below) on the inner wall of the feed hole to fix the feed assembly 1 in the feed hole to ensure that the feed assembly 1 is vibrating when the antenna is vibrating.
  • the stability can be used to fix the feed assembly 1 in the feed hole to ensure that the feed assembly 1 is vibrating when the antenna is vibrating.
  • buckles 132 there are two buckles 132 in this embodiment, and they are arranged on opposite sides of the feeding medium 12 to further improve the stability of the installation of the feeding assembly 1.
  • the feeding assembly 1 further includes a limiting pin 121 provided at an end of the feeding medium 12 in the longitudinal direction, and the limiting pin 121 can be preset to the edge of the feeding hole in the radiating unit 1000.
  • the slots 33 are matched to limit the rotational freedom of the feeding assembly 1 in the feeding hole, and the limiting pin 121 is inserted from the end of the feeding hole close to the limiting slot 33, and the limiting The pin 121 can also restrict the degree of freedom of the feeding assembly 1 to move to the other end through the feeding hole.
  • the degree of freedom of the feed assembly 1 in the power feeding is completely restricted, so as to ensure all The feeding component 1 will not move during the vibration of the antenna, which ensures the stability of the structure.
  • both ends of the feeding medium 12 are also provided with steps 122 for the medium portion of the transmission cable to abut against, and the shape of the steps 122 is limited to limit the transmission cable, so that The consistency of welding is higher.
  • the feeding medium 12 is provided with two steps near one end of the limiting pin 121, and the two steps 122 are roughly arranged in an "eight" shape, which can be adapted to the feeding on the radiating unit 1000
  • the connection of the component 4; the step 122 at the other end of the feeding medium 12 is provided with four steps along its circumference, and the side walls of the four steps 122 are connected to define a rectangular structure, and the feeding column 11 is located at the The rectangular structure is suitable for welding of transmission cables in different directions with the feeding column 11.
  • a positioning groove 321 for limiting the transmission cable is preset at the end of the side wall of the feeding hole, and the step 122 at one end of the feeding medium 12 away from the limiting pin 121 and the positioning groove 321 is matched to improve the consistency of welding.
  • the area of the two ends of the feeding column 11 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the middle part, that is, the area of the end face of the feeding column 11 is increased to be suitable for induction welding, so as to reduce manual operation and reduce labor intensity. , Improve the processing efficiency.
  • the feeder assembly 1 of the present application is installed in the feeder hole of the radiation unit 1000 and constitutes the feeder port 31.
  • the feeder assembly 1 adopts a belt injection molding process to combine two parts of different materials to form a whole , The structural stability is strengthened, and the influence of assembly differences on the antenna index is reduced; on the other hand, by setting the limit pin 121 and the tight fit between the abutting portion 13 and the feed hole, the The degree of freedom of the feeding assembly 1 in the feeding hole ensures the relative stability of the feeding assembly 1 and the radiating unit 1000, and ensures the stability of the antenna index.
  • this application also relates to a radiating unit 1000, which includes a dipole 2, a balun structure 3, and a feeding part 4, wherein the radiating unit 1000 is located in the same polarization direction and has two Two dipoles 2 and two feeding parts 4 respectively feeding the two dipoles 2, one end of each of the two feeding parts 4 is electrically connected to its corresponding dipole 2, and the other end of each is electrically connected Combination is achieved through the same physical feed port 31 inherent in the radiation unit 1000.
  • the radiating unit 1000 is preferably a dual-polarization radiating unit, and each polarization direction has two dipoles 2 and two feeders respectively feeding the two dipoles 2 of the same polarization.
  • Part 4 one end of each of the two feeding parts 4 is electrically connected to its corresponding dipole 2, and the other end of each is combined through the same physical feeding port 31 inherent to the radiating unit 1000, wherein the feeding The component 4 preferably uses a coaxial feeder.
  • the so-called physical feeding port 31 means that the feeding port 31 has a physical structure, and more specifically, it provides an interface structure for cable connection.
  • the feed port 31 can realize the combination of at least two signals.
  • the feeding port 31 is integrated in the balun structure 3, and the feeding port 31 includes a feeding hole opened on the base of the balun structure 3 and a feeding hole installed in the feeding hole.
  • the electrical component 1, the power feeding component 1 is the power feeding component 1 described above.
  • a connecting terminal 32 extending in a direction away from the dipole 2 along the circumferential direction of the feeding hole, and the side wall of the connecting terminal 32 serves as the side of the feeding hole At the same time, the length of the connecting terminal 32 is adapted to the length of the feeding assembly 1.
  • the connecting terminal 32 is used to connect the outer conductor of the external cable with the outer conductor of the feeding part 4, and the feeding post 11 of the feeding assembly 1 is used to connect the inner conductor of the outer cable and the feeding part. 4, and because the feeding column 11 is sheathed with the feeding medium 12, the feeding column 11 and the two conductive elements corresponding to the connecting terminal 32 have capacitive coupling characteristics.
  • the main body includes a dipole 2 and a balun structure 3.
  • the dipole 2 has a spatial solid structure that is different from printing and is supported by the balun structure 3.
  • the balun structure 3 usually includes a balun arm, and the feeding component 4 can be laid along the body of the balun arm and connected to the dipole 2. If necessary, the balun structure 3 also includes a plurality of balun arms. The balun arms are connected to form an integral base, and a plurality of balun arms are arranged equidistantly around the circumference of the base.
  • the main body includes the dipole 2.
  • each feeding component 4 has a matching relationship with the position where the feeding port 31 is set, and the matching relationship between the two satisfies the impedance matching condition required for transmitting its corresponding polarization signal via the radiating unit 1000.
  • the feed port 31 is provided on the base at the geometric symmetry axis of the two dipoles 2, for example, the feed port 31 corresponding to a pair of balun arms is just located on the other pair of baluns.
  • each phase shifter is transmitted to a corresponding feed port 31 of a corresponding radiating unit 1000 through a single cable (such as a coaxial cable). Since the two feeding parts 4 feeding the two dipoles 2 of the same polarization are connected to the feeding port 31 at one end, each polarization of the radiating unit 1000 can only pass through a coaxial cable.
  • the cable is directly connected between the feeding port 31 and the phase shifter of the feeding network to complete the feeding of the two dipoles 2 of one polarization by the feeding network.
  • two longer coaxial cables need to be extended through each polarization to connect to the same port of the phase shifter, reducing one coaxial cable. For an antenna composed of multiple dual-polarized radiation units, a large number of coaxial cables are reduced, so that the layout of the back of the reflector is greatly optimized, and the back of the reflector is more concise.
  • the feeding component 4 is laid along the front or back of the balun arm, and the connection part of the feeding port 31 for the circuit is adaptively arranged on the same front or back.
  • the feeding port 31 is set on the base At this time, it can protrude from the front of the base, or not protrude from the front of the base, depending on the convenience of wiring.
  • the feed port 31 has a cylindrical structure
  • the connection terminal 32 constitutes an outer conductor
  • the feed hole of the connection terminal 32 is provided with a feed assembly 1
  • the feed assembly 1 includes a feed post 11 And a feeding medium 12
  • the feeding medium 12 is provided between the inner wall of the connection terminal 32 and the feeding column 11, and the feeding assembly 1 is fixed to the feeding hole through the abutting portion 13
  • the feed port 31 has a structure similar to a coaxial cable.
  • the inner conductors of the two feed parts 4 belonging to the same polarization are connected to the feed post 11 of the feed port 31.
  • the outer conductor of the electric component 4 is connected to the connection terminal 32 of the feed port 31.
  • the feeding port 31 has an outer conductor for connecting the outer conductor of the outer cable and the outer conductor of the feeding member 4, and connecting the inner conductor of the outer cable and the inner conductor of the feeding member 4, respectively.
  • the two conductive elements corresponding to the inner conductor and the outer conductor of the feed port 31 have a capacitive coupling feature between them.
  • the cross section of the feeding port 31 is circular. In other embodiments, the feeding port 31 may also be polygonal.
  • the feed port 31 realizes a cylindrical structure and is convenient for connection with a coaxial cable as an external cable.
  • the power feeding port 31 can be integrally formed with the connection terminal 32 during the die-casting process of the main body of the radiating unit 1000, and then the power feeding assembly 1 is fixed in the power feeding hole through the abutment part 13, thereby forming a whole ⁇ Feeding port 31.
  • the four dipoles 2 in the two polarization directions can be fed via two
  • the two feed ports 31 are connected to the feed network through two coaxial cables connected to the phase shifter, reducing the number of coaxial cables.
  • the radiating unit 1000 when the radiating unit 1000 is applied to an antenna, it is only necessary to open two cable vias on the reflector plate for the two feed ports 31 to pass through and connect to the phase shifter of the feed network.
  • four cable vias need to be opened, which reduces the cable vias by half, which can greatly reduce the problem of poor intermodulation stability due to burrs in the cable vias.
  • the number of coaxial cables connected between the radiating unit 1000 and the phase shifter can be reduced, so that the cables on the reverse side of the reflector can be reduced, the layout of the reverse side of the reflector is greatly optimized, and the reverse side of the reflector is simpler.
  • the distance between the feeding part of the feeding port 31 and the two dipoles 2 in the same polarization direction is equal, so that the lengths of the two coaxial cables are equal, for example, both are half-wavelength, so as to facilitate impedance Matching and convenient coaxial cable routing on the balun arm and base.
  • the lengths of the two coaxial cables can also be approximately equal or the lengths can be adjusted according to actual needs.
  • the base of the balun structure 3 is located inside the radiating unit 1000 with a limiting slot 33, and the limiting slot 33 is in communication with the power feeding hole for the limiting pin 121 on the power feeding assembly 1 Insert, thereby improving the stability of the feeding port 31.
  • the base of the balun structure 3 is provided with a welding groove 34 communicating with the feed hole at a position close to the feed port 31, so
  • the welding groove 34 can be used for the outer conductor of the coaxial cable to be clamped in and welded.
  • the welding groove 34 is located on both sides of the feed port 31 and one is provided on each side, and the two welding grooves 34 are shaped like a "eight".
  • the end of the feeder assembly 1 of the feeder port 31 near the welding slot 34 can be provided with a step 122 in the shape of a "eight" structure, which can be used for the dielectric part of the coaxial cable to abut and facilitate the same
  • the inner conductor of the shaft cable is welded to the feeding column 12 of the feeding assembly 1 to improve the stability and consistency of the connection between the coaxial cable and the feeding port 31.
  • the two feed ports 31 corresponding to the two polarizations have the same length.
  • the two feed ports 31 are exposed on the base 1
  • the feeding parts on the front are arranged at different heights, so that the welding of the coaxial cable and the feeding port 31 can be facilitated.
  • the feeding component 1 of the feeding port 31 may not be exposed on the front of the base.
  • the above embodiments all illustrate the structure of the radiation unit with a die-cast vibrator, but it does not mean that the radiation unit 1000 of the present application is only a die-cast vibrator. It can also be a patch vibrator.
  • the feed port 31 is placed in the energy source. Keep the electrical properties of the dipole 2 in the vicinity.
  • each radiating unit 1000 can reduce the number, length and cable clips of coaxial cables, the layout of the antenna on the back of the reflector becomes quite simple, and the antenna The weight can be reduced; because there is no need to set up a separate power splitter, the connection between the radiation unit 1000 and the phase shifter and the reflector is relatively stable, which is conducive to improving the stability of intermodulation.
  • only two reflectors need to be provided for each radiation unit 1000. There are two cable through holes for the power feeder to insert and install, and three fixing holes for the radiation unit 1000 to be fixed, which greatly reduces the number of holes on the reflector plate and reduces the problem of intermodulation differences caused by burrs in the holes.

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请提供一种馈电组件及辐射单元，其中，所述馈电组件包括馈电组件，适于插设到辐射单元预设的馈电孔并形成馈电端口，包括馈电柱及套接于所述馈电柱外侧的馈电介质，所述馈电柱及馈电介质采用注塑工艺形成一体化结构，且所述馈电介质外侧设有用于与所述馈电孔内壁紧配合以固定的抵接部。通过将馈电组件安装于辐射单元的馈电孔中以构成馈电端口，一方面，所述馈电组件采用带件注塑成型工艺将不同材质的两个零件结合形成一个整体，加强了结构稳定性，也减少了装配差异性对天线指标带来的影响；另一方面，通过设置抵接部与馈电孔的紧配合，可限制馈电组件在馈电孔内的自由度，保证馈电组件与辐射单元的相对稳定，保证了天线指标的稳定性。

Description

馈电组件及辐射单元 技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种馈电组件及辐射单元。
背景技术
随着通信行业的发展，小型化、多频段、多制式的基站天线越来越成为通信行业应用的主流天线。
基站天线行业有一个重要指标即动态交调，是在振动过程中测试天线的交调。测试时，需要将天线固定在特殊的工装上，然后整体放入暗房，启动工装使天线受到冲击而振动，同时测试天线的交调指标。为了保证动态交调的测试结果良好，天线的所有零部件都需要保持稳定的状态，即受到外部冲击时不会发生位移。辐射单元作为最重要的部件，其本身装配的稳定性及组件内各零件的相互稳定性都对整个天线的指标有直接影响。为此，在设计辐射单元中的重要部件馈电组件时要着重考虑其与振子主体的相互固定。
发明内容
本申请的主要目的旨在提供一种结构稳定性高的馈电组件。
本申请的另一目的旨在提供一种包括上述馈电组件的辐射单元。
为了实现上述目的，本申请提供以下技术方案：
作为第一方面，本申请涉及一种馈电组件，插设于辐射单元预设的馈电孔中，包括馈电柱及套接于所述馈电柱外侧的馈电介质，所述馈电柱及馈电介质采用注塑一体化形成结构，且所述馈电介质外侧设有用于与所述馈电孔内壁紧配合以固定的抵接部。
进一步设置：所述抵接部包括设于所述馈电介质外侧壁的凸筋。
进一步设置：所述凸筋设有多根，并沿所述馈电介质的外周间隔设置。
进一步设置：所述抵接部包括用于与馈电孔内壁预设的装配槽卡接配合的卡扣。
进一步设置：还包括设于其长度方向两端并用于与所述馈电孔边缘预设的限位槽配合的限位销。
进一步设置：所述馈电介质的两端均设置有用于供传输线缆的介质部分抵靠的台阶。
进一步设置：所述馈电柱的两端面面积大于其中间部分的截面积。
作为第二方面，本申请涉及一种辐射单元，包括偶极子、巴伦结构、集成于所述巴伦结构中的馈电端口及传输线缆，所述传输线缆设有两根且分别对应连接同一极化方向上的偶极子，且两根所述传输线缆的各自一端与其相应的所述偶极子电连接，各自另一端均连接所述馈电端口实现合路，所述馈电端口包括开设与所述巴伦结构底座上的馈电孔及安装于所述馈电孔内的馈电组件，所述馈电组件为如上所述的馈电组件。
进一步设置：所述巴伦结构位于所述馈电孔的边缘处设有用于与馈电组件匹配的限位槽。
进一步设置：所述巴伦结构的底部设有沿所述馈电孔的周向朝远离所述偶极子方向延伸的接线端子，所述接线端子的长度与所述馈电组件的长度相适配。
相比现有技术，本申请的方案具有以下优点：
1.在本申请的馈电组件中，通过将馈电组件安装于辐射单元的馈电孔中以构成馈电端口，一方面，所述馈电组件采用带件注塑成型工艺将不同材质的两个零件结合形成一个整体，有助于加强了结构稳定性，以及减少了装配差异性对天线指标带来的影响；另一方面，通过设置限位销以及抵接部与馈电孔的紧配合，进一步限制馈电组件在馈电孔内的自由度，有利于保证馈电组件与辐射单元的相对稳定，以及保证天线指标的稳定性。
2.在本申请的辐射单元中，由于每个辐射单元可减少同轴线缆的数量、长度和线缆卡夹，所述天线在反射板背面的布局变得相当简洁，并且有助于降低天线重量；由于不需要设置单独的功分器，辐射单元与移相器和反射板的连接较为稳定，有利于提高互调稳定性，另外反射板对应每个 辐射单元仅需开设两个线缆过孔供馈电器插入安装、开设三个固定孔供辐射单元固定，有助于减少反射板上开设的孔位，以及减少孔位存在毛刺而造成互调差的问题。
本申请附加的方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，这些将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请上述的和/或附加的方面和优点从下面结合附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1为本申请馈电结构的一个实施例的结构示意图；
图2为本申请馈电结构的一个实施例的立体结构图；
图3为本申请的一个实施例中的馈电柱的结构示意图；
图4为本申请辐射单元的一个实施例的正面结构示意图；
图5为图4的A部放大示意图；
图6为本申请辐射单元的一个实施例的背面结构示意图；
图7为图6的B部放大示意图；
图8a为本申请馈电结构的另一个实施例的结构示意图；
图8b为本申请馈电结构的另一个实施例的立体结构图；
图9为本申请辐射单元的一个实施例的截面图；
图10为图9的C部放大示意图。
图中，1、馈电组件；11、馈电柱；12、馈电介质；121、限位销；122、台阶；13、抵接部；131、凸筋；132、卡扣；2、偶极子；3、巴伦结构；31、馈电端口；32、接线端子；321、定位槽；33、限位槽；34、焊接槽；4、馈电部件；1000、辐射单元。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本 申请，而不能解释为对本申请的限制。
请结合图1至图10，本申请涉及一种馈电组件1，其插设于辐射单元1000预设的馈电孔中以形成辐射单元1000的馈电端口31，其具有良好的稳定性，在辐射单元1000受到外部冲击时不会发生位移，同时还可辅助传输线缆定位，便于焊接，可确保辐射单元1000的所有零部件都保持稳定的状态。
请结合图1和图3，所述馈电组件1包括馈电柱11及馈电介质12，所述馈电柱11及馈电介质12采用带件注塑的工艺形成一体化结构，可避免天线振动过程中所述馈电柱11与所述馈电介质12之间的相互位移，同时所述馈电介质12外侧还设有抵接部13，使得所述馈电组件1可通过所述抵接部13稳定地安装于所述馈电孔中。
优选地，所述抵接部13包括设于所述馈电介质12外侧的凸筋131，使得所述馈电组件1的外径略大于馈电孔的内径，从而使得所述馈电组件1装配到馈电孔中时，所述凸筋131可发生形变，并与馈电孔内壁紧密贴合，同时可产生较大的摩擦力，较大的摩擦力使得所述馈电组件1无法轻易从馈电孔中退出，从而可限制所述馈线组件沿其长度方向的自由度。
进一步的，所述凸筋131沿所述馈电组件1的长度方向延伸，且所述凸筋131沿所述馈电介质12的周向间隔地设有多个。
此外，在其他实施例中，请结合图8a、图8b及图9和图10，所述抵接部13还包括设于所述馈电介质12端部的卡扣132，所述卡扣132可与馈电孔内壁预设的装配槽(图中未标示，下同)卡接配合，以使所述馈电组件1固定于馈电孔中，以确保所述馈电组件1在天线振动时的稳定性。
作为进一步优选的是，在该实施例中的卡扣132设有两个，并设于所述馈电介质12相对的两侧，以进一步提高所述馈电组件1安装的稳定性。
所述馈电组件1还包括设于所述馈电介质12的长度方向的端部的限位销121，所述限位销121可与位于辐射单元1000内的馈电孔边缘预设的限位槽33配合，以达到限制所述馈电组件1在馈电孔内的旋转自由度，并且，所述限位销121从馈电孔靠近所述限位槽33的一端插入，所述限位销121还可限制所述馈电组件1穿过馈电孔向另一端移动的自由度。
从而通过设置所述限位销121、凸筋131与馈电孔过盈配合或卡扣132与馈电孔卡接配合以完全限制了馈电组件1在馈电中的自由度，以确保所述馈电组件1在天线振动过程中不会发生移动，保证了结构的稳定性。
进一步的，所述馈电介质12的两端还设有用于供传输线缆的介质部分抵靠的台阶122，并通过限定所述台阶122的形状以对传输线缆起到限位的作用，使得焊接的一致性更高。
具体地，所述馈电介质12靠近所述限位销121一端的台阶设有两个，且两个所述台阶122大致呈“八”字设置，从而可适配于辐射单元1000上的馈电部件4的连接；所述馈电介质12的另一端的台阶122沿其周向设有四个，并使四个所述台阶122的侧壁连接以限定出矩形结构，所述馈电柱11位于所述矩形结构处，以适于不同方向的传输线缆与所述馈电柱11的焊接。
此外，在馈电孔的侧壁端部预设有用于对传输线缆起到限位作用的定位槽321，所述馈电介质12远离所述限位销121一端的台阶122与所述定位槽321相适配，从而可提高焊接的一致性。
进一步的，所述馈电柱11的两端面的面积大于其中间部分的截面积，即增大所述馈电柱11的端面面积，以适用于感应焊接，以减少人工操作，降低了劳动强度，提高了加工效率。
本申请的馈电组件1安装于辐射单元1000的馈电孔中并构成馈电端口31，一方面，所述馈电组件1采用带件注塑成型工艺将不同材质的两个零件结合形成一个整体，加强了结构稳定性，减少了装配差异性对天线指标带来的影响；另一方面，通过设置所述限位销121以及抵接部13与馈电孔的紧配合，可完全限制所述馈电组件1在馈电孔内的自由度，保证所述馈电组件1与辐射单元1000的相对稳定，保证了天线指标的稳定性。
请结合图4至图7，本申请还涉及一种辐射单元1000，其包括偶极子2、巴伦结构3及馈电部件4，其中，所述辐射单元1000位于同一极化方向上具有两个偶极子2及分别为所述两个偶极子2馈电的两个馈电部件4，两个所述馈电部件4的各自一端与其相应的偶极子2电连接，各自另一端通过该辐射单元1000所固有的同一物理的馈电端口31实现合路。
优选地，所述辐射单元1000优选为双极化辐射单元，其每个极化方向具有两个偶极子2及分别为同一极化所述两个偶极子2馈电的两个馈电部件4，两个所述馈电部件4的各自一端与其相应的偶极子2电连接，各自另一端通过该辐射单元1000所固有的同一物理馈电端口31实现合路，其中所述馈电部件4优选采用同轴馈线。
在此，所称的物理的馈电端口31是指该馈电端口31具有物理结构，更具体的情况下是提供一个可供线缆连接的接口结构。该馈电端口31可以实现至少两路信号的合路。
优选地，该馈电端口31集成于所述巴伦结构3中，所述馈电端口31包括开设与所述巴伦结构3底座上的馈电孔及安装于所述馈电孔内的馈电组件1，所述馈电组件1为如前文所述的馈电组件1。并且在所述巴伦结构3的底部设有沿所述馈电孔的周向朝远离所述偶极子2方向延伸的接线端子32，所述接线端子32的侧壁作为所述馈电孔的侧壁，同时所述接线端子32的长度与所述馈电组件1的长度相适配。
其中，所述接线端子32用于将外部线缆的外导体与馈电部件4的外导体连接，所述馈电组件1的馈电柱11用于连接外部线缆的内导体与馈电部件4的内导体，并且由于所述馈电柱11外套接有馈电介质12，使得所述馈电柱11与所述接线端子32相对应的两个导电元件之间具有容性耦合特征。
对于压铸型振子来说，所述主体部位包括偶极子2及巴伦结构3，在该种振子中，偶极子2具有有别于印刷成型的空间实体结构，由巴伦结构3所支撑，所述巴伦结构3通常包括巴伦臂，馈电部件4可沿巴伦臂的本体铺设并与偶极子2连接，必要时，所述巴伦结构3还包括用于将多个巴伦臂连接起来构成一个整体的底座，多个巴伦臂绕底座的周向等距排布。对于贴片振子，主体部位包括偶极子2。
每个馈电部件4的长度与所述馈电端口31所设置的位置具有匹配关系，两者之间的匹配关系满足经由该辐射单元1000发射其相应极化信号所需的阻抗匹配条件。
较佳地，所述馈电端口31设于底座上相对于所述两个偶极子2的几 何对称轴线处，例如一对巴伦臂所对应的馈电端口31刚好位于另一对巴伦臂所对应的底座位置处。
本申请中，每个所述移相器的移相信号输出端均通过单独一条线缆(如同轴电缆)传输至对应的一个所述辐射单元1000的一个对应的馈电端口31处。由于为同一极化的两个偶极子2馈电的两个馈电部件4各自一端合路连接于馈电端口31，因而该辐射单元1000的每个极化都可以仅通过一根同轴电缆直接连接于馈电端口31与馈电网络的移相器之间，完成馈电网络对一个极化的两个偶极子2的馈电。相对于现有天线，基于阻抗匹配，需要通过每个极化延伸出两根较长的同轴电缆连接于移相器同一个端口，减少了一根同轴电缆。对于一副多个双极化辐射单元共同构成的天线而言，减少了大量的同轴电缆，使得反射板反面的布局得到大大的优化，反射板反面更为简洁。
优选地，所述馈电部件4沿巴伦臂的正面或反面铺设，所述馈电端口31用于合路的连接部位适应性地设置于同一正面或反面，当馈电端口31设于底座时，其可以凸出于底座的正面，也可不从底座的正面凸出，具体可视布线的便利性设置。
优选地，所述馈电端口31呈筒型结构，所述接线端子32构成外导体，所述接线端子32的馈电孔设置有馈电组件1，所述馈电组件1包括馈电柱11及馈电介质12，所述馈电介质12设于所述接线端子32内壁与所述馈电柱11之间，并通过所述抵接部13将所述馈电组件1固定于所述馈电孔内，在此实施方式中，馈电端口31构成类似于同轴电缆的结构，属于同一极化的两馈电部件4所具有的内导体与馈电端口31的馈电柱11相连接，馈电部件4所具有的外导体与馈电端口31的接线端子32相连接。
另外，在其他实施方式中，所述馈电端口31具有分别用于将外部线缆的外导体与馈电部件4的外导体相连接，将外部线缆的内导体与馈电部件4的内导体相连接的对应的两个导电元件，所述馈电端口31的与内导体和外导体相对应的两个导电元件之间具有容性耦合特征。
在此实施方式中，所述馈电端口31的截面呈圆形，在其他实施方式中，所述馈电端口31也可为多边形。馈电端口31实现一种筒状结构，方 便与作为外部线缆的同轴电缆相连接。
所述馈电端口31可以在辐射单元1000的主体部位压铸成型过程中一体成型其接线端子32，然后再将所述馈电组件1通过抵接部13固定于馈电孔内，由此构成所述馈电端口31。
由于与同一极化方向的两个偶极子2连接的两根同轴电缆4合路连接于一个馈电端口31，因而两个极化方向的四个偶极子2的馈电可经由两个馈电端口31通过两根同轴电缆与移相器连接而连接到馈电网络，减少同轴电缆的数量。一方面，在该辐射单元1000在应用于天线时，仅需在反射板上开设两个线缆过孔，供两个馈电端口31穿过与馈电网络的移相器连接即可，相对于现有天线需要开设四个线缆过孔的方案，减少了一半线缆过孔，可以极大程度上减少因线缆过孔存在毛刺而导致互调稳定性差的问题。另一方面，可以减少辐射单元1000与移相器之间连接的同轴电缆的数量，使得反射板反面的线缆得以减少，反射板反面的布局得到大大的优化，反射板反面较为简洁。
优选地，所述馈电端口31的馈电部位到同一极化方向的两个偶极子2之间的距离相等，使得两根同轴电缆的长度相等，例如均为半波长，以便于阻抗匹配和方便同轴电缆在巴伦臂和底座上的布线。应当理解的，由于加工误差或出于阻抗匹配、交叉极化比调节的需要，两根同轴电缆的长度也可大致相等或者根据实际需要调整长度。
进一步地，所述巴伦结构3的底座位于辐射单元1000内部设有限位槽33，所述限位槽33与所述馈电孔连通，以供所述馈电组件1上的限位销121插入，从而提高所述馈电端口31的稳定性。
进一步地，为便于同一极化方向的两根同轴电缆的焊接，所述巴伦结构3的底座靠近所述馈电端口31的位置设有与所述馈电孔连通的焊接槽34，所述焊接槽34可供同轴电缆的外导体卡入并焊接，所述焊接槽34位于所述馈电端口31的两侧各设一个，且使两个所述焊接槽34呈“八”字设置，同时所述馈电端口31的馈电组件1靠近所述焊接槽34的端部可设置有呈“八”字结构的台阶122，可供同轴线缆的介质部分抵靠，便于同轴线缆的内导体与馈电组件1的馈电柱12的焊接，以提高同轴线缆与所 述馈电端口31连接的稳定性及一致性。
请结合图6，优选地，对应两个极化的两个馈电端口31的长度相等，为了方便作为馈电部件4的同轴电缆的铺设，两个所述馈电端口31露出于底座1正面的馈电部位以不同的高度设置，从而可以方便同轴电缆与馈电端口31的焊接。另外，所述馈电端口31的馈电组件1也可不露出于底座正面设置。
以上实施方式均以压铸型振子对辐射单元的结构进行举例说明，但不意味着本申请的辐射单元1000仅为压铸型振子，其还可以是贴片振子，所述馈电端口31置于能保持偶极子2的电气性能的邻近位置处。
此外，采用本申请的辐射单元1000的天线，由于每个辐射单元1000可减少同轴线缆的数量、长度和线缆卡夹，所述天线在反射板背面的布局变得相当简洁，并且天线重量得以降低；由于不需要设置单独的功分器，辐射单元1000与移相器和反射板的连接较为稳定，有利于提高互调稳定性，另外反射板对应每个辐射单元1000仅需开设两个线缆过孔供馈电器插入安装、开设三个固定孔供辐射单元1000固定，大大减少反射板上开设的孔位，减少孔位存在毛刺而造成互调差的问题。
以上所述仅是本申请的部分实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本申请的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种馈电组件，适于插设到辐射单元预设的馈电孔并形成馈电端口，包括馈电柱及套接于所述馈电柱外侧的馈电介质，所述馈电柱及馈电介质采用注塑工艺形成一体化结构，且所述馈电介质外侧设有用于与所述馈电孔内壁紧配合以固定的抵接部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的馈电组件，所述抵接部包括设于所述馈电介质外侧壁的凸筋。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的馈电组件，所述凸筋设有多根，并沿所述馈电介质的外周间隔设置。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的馈电组件，所述抵接部包括用于与馈电孔内壁预设的装配槽卡接配合的卡扣。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的馈电组件，还包括设于其长度方向两端并用于与所述馈电孔边缘预设的限位槽配合的限位销。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的馈电组件，所述馈电介质的两端均设置有用于供传输线缆的介质部分抵靠的台阶。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的馈电组件，所述馈电柱的两端面面积大于其中间部分的截面积。
  8. 一种辐射单元，包括偶极子、巴伦结构、集成于所述巴伦结构中的馈电端口及馈电部件，所述馈电部件设有两根且分别对应连接同一极化方向上的偶极子，且两根所述馈电部件的各自一端与其相应的所述偶极子电连接，各自另一端均连接所述馈电端口实现合路，所述馈电端口包括开设与所述巴伦结构底座上的馈电孔及安装于所述馈电孔内的馈电组件，所述馈电组件为 如权利要求1-7任一项所述的馈电组件。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的辐射单元，所述巴伦结构位于所述馈电孔的边缘处设有用于与馈电组件匹配的限位槽。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的辐射单元，所述巴伦结构的底部设有沿所述馈电孔的周向朝远离所述偶极子方向延伸的接线端子，所述接线端子的长度与所述馈电组件的长度相适配。
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CN110994179A (zh) * 2019-09-30 2020-04-10 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 馈电组件及辐射单元

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