WO2022001068A1 - 小型化天线 - Google Patents

小型化天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022001068A1
WO2022001068A1 PCT/CN2020/141625 CN2020141625W WO2022001068A1 WO 2022001068 A1 WO2022001068 A1 WO 2022001068A1 CN 2020141625 W CN2020141625 W CN 2020141625W WO 2022001068 A1 WO2022001068 A1 WO 2022001068A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cavity
reflector
phase shifter
radiation unit
miniaturized antenna
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2020/141625
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王强
陈汝承
李志龙
Original Assignee
京信通信技术(广州)有限公司
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Publication of WO2022001068A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022001068A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/106—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using two or more intersecting plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of mobile communication, in particular to a miniaturized antenna.
  • base station antennas need to integrate multiple frequency bands to meet the co-construction and sharing needs of various operators or multiple operators.
  • one antenna is required to integrate all 4G network standard antennas.
  • the wind load of the antenna requires the miniaturized design of the antenna cross-section as much as possible, resulting in a very tight layout space between various accessories inside the antenna, complex structure and difficult mass production.
  • the radiating unit and the phase shifter are two core components, which are generally designed as independent accessories, and are connected by coaxial cables during assembly.
  • the number of antennas increases, a large number of coaxial cables need to be arranged inside the antenna, resulting in complicated antenna assembly and difficulty in realizing a compact layout, which is not conducive to the miniaturization of the antenna.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a miniaturized antenna with simple and compact structure and good performance.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a miniaturized antenna comprising a reflector, a first radiation unit and a first phase shifter, the first radiation unit and the first phase shifter are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the reflector, the first radiation unit comprising a balun, a radiating arm supported by the balun, and a feeding piece provided in the balun and used to feed the radiating arm, the first phase shifter includes a cavity and is provided in the balun A phase-shifting circuit in a cavity, the reflector is provided with a mounting hole at the installation position of the first radiation unit, and the feeding sheet passes through the mounting hole and penetrates into the cavity and the phase-shifting circuit The circuit is connected, and there is a gap between the cavity and the reflector.
  • the distance between the cavity and the reflector is greater than one-fifth of the height of the balun.
  • the miniaturized antenna further includes a mounting structure made of insulating material, and the first phase shifter is mounted on the reflection plate through the mounting structure and is insulated from the reflection plate.
  • the first radiation unit is insulated from the reflection plate.
  • the first phase shifter further includes a main feeding circuit for feeding the phase shifting circuit
  • the cavity includes a first cavity and a second cavity arranged side by side, the phase shifting circuit is arranged in the first cavity, and the main feeder circuit is arranged in the second cavity.
  • the transmission line of the main feeder circuit is an air stripline and/or an air coaxial line.
  • the side of the cavity close to the reflector is provided with a first escape hole for the feeder to penetrate into the interior of the cavity, and the side of the cavity away from the reflector is provided with welding holes.
  • the device penetrates into the cavity and welds the feed plate to the second avoidance hole on the phase shifting circuit.
  • the miniaturized antenna further includes a positioning seat arranged between the first radiation unit and the first phase shifter, and the bottom end of the first radiation unit is embedded in the positioning seat.
  • the first radiation unit further comprises a support seat provided on the radiation arm and a guide plate supported above the radiation arm through the support seat.
  • the miniaturized antenna further includes a second radiating unit that is arranged on the same plane of the reflector as the first radiating unit, and is disposed on the side of the reflector facing away from the second radiating unit. and a second phase shifter electrically connected to the second radiation unit.
  • the feeding piece of the first radiating unit is inserted into the cavity of the first phase shifter and directly connected to the phase shifting circuit, without the need for an external coaxial cable, which can effectively simplify the assembly process, and also It can avoid the dielectric loss caused by coaxial cable and improve the antenna gain.
  • the coupling effect between different frequency bands can be reduced, so that the miniaturized antenna can be configured with radiation units of multiple frequency bands, and the applicability is improved.
  • both the first radiation unit and the first phase shifter are insulated from the reflector, which can effectively suppress common mode signals in other frequency bands and improve the radiation index of the miniaturized antenna.
  • the first phase shifter is provided with a phase shift circuit and a main feed circuit respectively through two cavities, and feeds the phase shift circuit through the main feed circuit, so that the phase shift circuit is fed.
  • the phase circuit does not need an external coaxial cable, further reducing the use of coaxial cables, thereby better optimizing the layout of the internal structure of the antenna and realizing the miniaturization of the antenna.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a miniaturized antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the miniaturized antenna shown in FIG. 1 from another angle;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial exploded view of the connection structure between the first radiation element and the first phase shifter of the miniaturized antenna shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the connection structure between the first radiation element and the first phase shifter of the miniaturized antenna shown in FIG. 1 .
  • a miniaturized antenna 1000 provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a reflector 1 , a plurality of first radiation units 2 and a second radiation unit 3 on the front surface of the reflector 1 , the first radiation units 2 is a high-frequency radiation unit, the second radiation unit 3 is a low-frequency radiation unit, that is, a plurality of the first radiation units 2 constitute a high-frequency array of the miniaturized antenna 1000, and a plurality of the second radiation units 3
  • the low frequency array constituting the miniaturized antenna 1000 provides radiation and reception of high and low frequency signals for the miniaturized antenna 1000 respectively.
  • the miniaturized antenna 1000 further includes a first phase shifter 4 and a second phase shifter 5 both disposed on the back of the reflector 1 , the first phase shifter 4 and the The first radiation unit 2 is connected and used to adjust the phase of the first radiation unit 2 , and the second phase shifter 5 is connected to the second radiation unit 3 and used to adjust the phase of the second radiation unit 3 .
  • the first radiating unit 2 includes a balun 21 , a radiating arm 22 supported by the balun 21 , and a radiating arm 22 provided in the balun 21 and used for feeding the radiating arm 22
  • the feeding sheet 23 of the first phase shifter 4 includes a cavity 41 and a phase shifting circuit 42 arranged in the cavity 41 , and the reflector 1 corresponds to the installation position of the first radiation unit 2
  • An installation hole 11 is provided, and the feeding piece 23 of the first radiating element 2 passes through the installation hole 11 and penetrates into the cavity 41 to be connected to the phase shifting circuit 42 .
  • the first radiating element 2, the reflector 1 and the first phase shifter 4 are stacked and arranged, and the feeding piece 23 of the first radiating element 2 extends
  • the interior of the cavity 41 to the first phase shifter 4 is directly connected to the phase shifting circuit 42, so that no external coaxial cable is required between the first radiation unit 2 and the first phase shifter 4, and the It effectively simplifies the assembly process of the antenna, reduces solder joints, avoids hidden dangers due to weak solder joints and other problems, and also avoids the dielectric loss caused by coaxial cables, thereby improving the antenna gain.
  • the spacing between the plates 1 can be controlled to be between 0.2 and 0.3 times the height of the balun 21 .
  • the first radiation unit 2 is also insulated from the reflector 1, and the balun 21 is directly fixed on the cavity 41 after passing through the mounting hole 11, and the balun 21 is connected to the cavity 41.
  • the reflector 1 is not in contact, that is, the first radiation unit 2 and the first phase shifter 4 are insulated from the reflector 1, which can effectively suppress common mode signals in other frequency bands and improve the miniaturized antenna 1000. radiation index.
  • the side of the cavity 41 close to the reflector 1 is provided with a first escape hole 411 (shown in FIG. 3 ) for the feeding sheet 23 to penetrate into the cavity 41 out), the side of the cavity 41 away from the reflector 1 is provided with a second avoidance hole for welding equipment to penetrate into the cavity 41 to weld the feeder 23 to the phase shifting circuit 42 412 (shown in Figure 2).
  • the feeding piece 23 penetrates the interior of the cavity 41 through the first escape hole 411 and then penetrates the phase-shifting circuit 42 and is connected to the corresponding solder joint on the phase-shifting circuit 42 , Then, welding equipment is used to penetrate into the cavity 41 through the second avoidance hole 412 to weld the feeder 23 on the phase shifting circuit 42 .
  • This structure facilitates the welding and connection of the feeder 23 High strength and stability.
  • the bottom end of the balun 21 is provided with a first connection hole 211 (shown in FIG. 4 ), and the cavity 41 is provided with a position corresponding to the first connection hole 211 .
  • the second connection hole 413 (shown in FIG. 3 )
  • screws 6 can be used to fasten the second connection hole 413 and the first connection hole In 211, the balun 21 is fixed relative to the cavity 41, so that the first radiation unit 2 is stably fixed on the first phase shifter 4, and the screw 6 can be used to further reduce the The electroplating process on the surface of the cavity 41 reduces process requirements and improves intermodulation stability.
  • the projection of the second connection hole 413 on the side of the cavity 41 away from the reflector 1 is within the range of the second avoidance hole 412 , and it is more convenient to pass through the second avoidance hole 412
  • the screw 6 and the corresponding tightening tool for the screw 6 are inserted into the screw 6 , so as to improve the convenience of the assembly process of the screw 6 .
  • the miniaturized antenna 1000 further includes a positioning seat 7 disposed between the first radiation unit 2 and the first phase shifter 4 , the positioning seat 7 includes a positioning groove 71 , and the balun 21 The bottom end is embedded in the positioning groove 71 , and the first radiation unit 2 is fixed and positioned by the positioning seat 7 , which can improve the installation accuracy of the first radiation unit 2 .
  • the miniaturized antenna 1000 further includes a mounting structure 8 made of insulating material, and the mounting structure 8 can specifically be a clamp made of plastic material, which is located in the first phase shifter 2
  • the thickness of the structure between the reflector 1 and the reflector 1 is set according to the requirement of the distance between the first phase shifter 2 and the reflector 1 .
  • the first phase shifter 2 is installed on the The reflector 1 is insulated from the reflector 1 , and the first phase shifter 2 maintains a predetermined distance from the reflector 1 through the mounting structure 8 .
  • the first phase shifter 4 further includes a main feeding circuit 43 for feeding the phase shifting circuit 42 , and the cavity 41 includes a first cavity 41 a and a In the second cavity 41b, the phase shift circuit 42 is arranged in the first cavity 41a, the main feed circuit 43 is arranged in the second cavity 41b, and the main feed circuit 43 is used for the
  • the phase-shifting circuit 42 feeds power, so that the phase-shifting circuit 42 does not need an external coaxial cable, further reducing the use of coaxial cables, thereby better optimizing the layout of the internal structure of the antenna and realizing the miniaturization of the antenna.
  • the transmission line of the main feeder circuit 43 is set as an air stripline and/or an air coaxial cable, which has the advantages of small size, light weight, wide frequency band, and low cost compared with coaxial cables, which can reduce costs and improve The working efficiency of the first phase shifter 4 .
  • the first cavity 41a and the second cavity 41b can also be provided with one phase shift circuit 42, and the first radiation unit 2 includes two radiating units at ⁇ 45 degrees, respectively.
  • the feeding sheets 23 in the polarization direction, the two feeding sheets 23 penetrate into the first cavity 41a and the second cavity 41b in a one-to-one correspondence and are connected to the corresponding phase shifting circuits 42, and can be connected through two Each of the phase shifting circuits 42 respectively adjusts the phases in the two polarization directions of the first radiation element 2 .
  • the first radiation unit 2 further includes a support seat 24 provided on the radiation arm 22 and a guide piece 25 supported above the radiation arm 22 through the support seat 24 .
  • the signal of the unit 2 can be coupled from the radiation arm 22 to the guide plate 25, and then radiated outward through the guide plate 25, and the first radiation unit 2 can be increased through the guide plate 25. bandwidth to improve the performance parameters of the first radiation unit 2 .

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种小型化天线，包括反射板、第一辐射单元和第一移相器，所述第一辐射单元和第一移相器分设于所述反射板相对的两面上，所述第一辐射单元包括辐射臂和用于向辐射臂馈电的馈电片，所述第一移相器包括腔体和设于腔体内的移相电路，所述馈电片穿过所述反射板并穿入腔体内与所述移相电路连接，所述腔体与反射板之间具有间隙。本发明提供的小型化天线中，第一辐射单元与第一移相器之间直接连接，无需外接同轴电缆，可有效简化装配工序，还能避免同轴电缆带来的介质损耗，提高天线增益。其次，由于腔体与反射板之间具有间隙，能够减小不同频段之间的耦合影响，使天线能够配置多频段的辐射单元，提升适用性。

Description

小型化天线 技术领域
本发明涉及移动通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种小型化天线。
背景技术
随着移动通信网络的高速发展，基站天线需要集成多个频段以满足各个运营商或多个运营商的共建共享需求，特别是在5G网络时代，要求一副天线集成所有4G网络制式天线。为满足多频天线上塔后的可靠性，天线的风载荷需要天线截面尽可能的小型化设计，导致天线内部的各个配件之间的布局空间非常紧密、结构复杂且难于批量生产。
目前，在现有的基站天线中，其辐射单元与移相器作为两个核心组成部分，一般设计为相互独立的配件，在装配时再采用同轴电缆进行连接，该结构会随着天线频段的增加，需在天线内部设置大量的同轴电缆，导致天线装配复杂且难以实现紧凑布局，不利于天线小型化。
发明内容
本发明的目的旨在提供一种结构简单紧凑且性能良好的小型化天线。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供以下技术方案：
一种小型化天线，包括反射板、第一辐射单元和第一移相器，所述第一辐射单元和第一移相器分设于所述反射板相对的两面上，所述第一辐射单元包括巴伦、由所述巴伦支撑的辐射臂和设于所述巴伦内并用于向所述辐射臂馈电的馈电片，所述第一移相器包括腔体和设于所述腔体内的移相电路，所述反射板于所述第一辐射单元的安装位置处开设有安装孔，所述馈电片穿过所述安装孔并穿入所述腔体内与所述移相电路连接，所述腔体与所述反射板之间具有间隙。
优选地，所述腔体与所述反射板之间的间距大于所述巴伦的高度的五 分之一。
优选地，所述小型化天线还包括由绝缘材料制成的安装结构，所述第一移相器通过所述安装结构安装于所述反射板上并相对所述反射板绝缘。
更优地，所述第一辐射单元相对所述反射板绝缘。
优选地，所述第一移相器还包括用于向所述移相电路馈电的主馈电路，所述腔体包括并排设置的第一腔体和第二腔体，所述移相电路设于所述第一腔体内，所述主馈电路设于所述第二腔体内。
更优地，所述主馈电路的传输线设为空气带状线和/或空气同轴线。
进一步地，所述腔体靠近所述反射板的一面开设有供所述馈电片穿入所述腔体内部的第一避让孔，所述腔体远离所述反射板的一面开设有供焊接设备穿入所述腔体内部将所述馈电片焊接于所述移相电路上的第二避让孔。
进一步地，所述小型化天线还包括设于所述第一辐射单元和第一移相器之间的定位座，所述第一辐射单元的底端嵌设于所述定位座内。
优选地，所述第一辐射单元还包括设于所述辐射臂上的支撑座和通过所述支撑座支撑于所述辐射臂上方的引向片。
优选地，所述小型化天线还包括与所述第一辐射单元共同排布于所述反射板同一平面上的第二辐射单元、设于所述反射板背对所述第二辐射单元的一面并与所述第二辐射单元电连接的第二移相器。
相比现有技术，本发明的方案具有以下优点：
1.本发明提供的小型化天线中，将第一辐射单元的馈电片穿入第一移相器的腔体内与移相电路直接连接，无需外接同轴电缆，可有效简化装配工序，还能避免同轴电缆带来的介质损耗，提高天线增益。其次，由于腔体与反射板之间具有间隙，能够减小不同频段之间的耦合影响，使所述小型化天线能够配置多频段的辐射单元，提升适用性。
2.本发明提供的小型化天线中，第一辐射单元和第一移相器均相对反射板绝缘，可有效抑制其他频段的共模信号，提升所述小型化天线的辐射指标。
3.本发明提供的小型化天线中，第一移相器通过两个腔体分别设置移 相电路和主馈电路，通过所述主馈电路为所述移相电路馈电，使所述移相电路无需外接同轴电缆，进一步减少同轴电缆的使用，从而更好地优化天线内部结构的布局，实现天线小型化。
本发明附加的方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，这些将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的小型化天线的立体图；
图2为图1所示的小型化天线另一角度的立体图；
图3为图1所示的小型化天线关于第一辐射单元与第一移相器连接结构的局部分解图；
图4为图1所示的小型化天线关于第一辐射单元与第一移相器连接结构的局部剖视图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明实施例提供的小型化天线1000包括反射板1、均所述反射板1正面上的多个第一辐射单元2和第二辐射单元3，所述第一辐射单元2为高频辐射单元，所述第二辐射单元3为低频辐射单元，即多个所述第一辐射单元2构成所述小型化天线1000的高频阵列，多个所述第二辐射单元3构成所述小型化天线1000的低频阵列，分别为所述小型化天线1000提供高低频信号的辐射与接收。
在图2中示出，所述小型化天线1000还包括均设于所述反射板1背面的第一移相器4和第二移相器5，所述第一移相器4与所述第一辐射单元2连接并用于调节所述第一辐射单元2的相位，所述第二移相器5与所述第二辐射单元3并用于调节所述第二辐射单元3的相位。
请结合图3和图4，所述第一辐射单元2包括巴伦21、由所述巴伦21支撑的辐射臂22和设于所述巴伦21内并用于向所述辐射臂22馈电的馈电片23，所述第一移相器4包括腔体41和设于所述腔体41内的移相电路42，所述反射板1对应所述第一辐射单元2的安装位置处开设有安 装孔11，所述第一辐射单元2的馈电片23穿过所述安装孔11并穿入所述腔体41内与所述移相电路42连接。
由上可知，在所述小型化天线1000中，通过将所述第一辐射单元2、反射板1和第一移相器4层叠设置，且所述第一辐射单元2的馈电片23延伸至所述第一移相器4的腔体41内部与所述移相电路42直接连接，使所述第一辐射单元2与所述第一移相器4之间无需外接同轴电缆，能够有效简化天线的装配工序，减少焊点，避免由于焊点不牢等问题而出现的隐患，并且还能避免同轴电缆带来的介质损耗，从而提高天线增益。
在图4中示出，所述腔体41与所述反射板1之间具有间隙，且所述腔体41与所述反射板1之间的间距大于所述巴伦21的高度的五分之一，通过将所述第一移相器4与所述反射板1间隔设置，实现所述第一移相器4与所述反射板1的绝对绝缘，有效避免所述第一移相器4通过所述反射板1发生耦合接地，从而减小所述第一辐射单元2与所述第二辐射单元3之间的互耦影响，使所述小型化天线1000能够配置多频段的辐射单元，并能减小不同频段阵列之间的间距，提升适用性。
值得注意的是，当所述腔体41与所述反射板1之间的间隙越大时，所述移相电路42的绝缘效果越好，但为避免所述巴伦21的长度过大而不易匹配、并且避免由于所述第一移相器4占用所述反射板1背面过大的安装空间而导致其他结构难以布局，不利于实现天线小型化，所述移相电路42与所述反射板1之间的间距可控制在所述巴伦21的高度的0.2～0.3倍之间。
更优地，所述第一辐射单元2同样相对所述反射板1绝缘，其巴伦21穿过所述安装孔11后直接固定于所述腔体41上，且所述巴伦21与所述反射板1不接触，即所述第一辐射单元2和所述第一移相器4均相对所述反射板1绝缘，可有效抑制其他频段的共模信号，提升所述小型化天线1000的辐射指标。
请结合图2和图3，所述腔体41靠近所述反射板1的一面开设有供所述馈电片23穿入所述腔体41内部的第一避让孔411(在图3中示出)，所述腔体41远离所述反射板1的一面开设有供焊接设备穿入所述腔体41 内部将所述馈电片23焊接于所述移相电路42上的第二避让孔412(在图2中示出)。在装配时，所述馈电片23通过所述第一避让孔411穿入所述腔体41内部后穿透所述移相电路42并与所述移相电路42上对应的焊点连接，然后采用焊接设备通过所述第二避让孔412穿入所述腔体41内将所述馈电片23焊接于所述移相电路42上，该结构方便所述馈电片23的焊接且连接强度高，稳定性强。
请结合图3和图4，所述巴伦21的底端开设有第一连接孔211(在图4中示出)，所述腔体41对应所述第一连接孔211的位置处设有第二连接孔413(在图3中示出)，在所述巴伦21抵接于所述腔体41上后，可采用螺钉6旋紧于所述第二连接孔413和第一连接孔211内实现所述巴伦21相对腔体41的固定，从而将所述第一辐射单元2稳定固定于所述第一移相器4上，通过所述螺钉6固定的方式可进一步减少所述腔体41表面的电镀工序，降低工艺要求并提高互调稳定性。
优选地，所述第二连接孔413于所述腔体41远离所述反射板1的一面上的投影处于所述第二避让孔412的范围内，通过所述第二避让孔412可更方便地穿入所述螺钉6及所述螺钉6相应的旋紧工具，提高所述螺钉6装配工序的便利性。
进一步地，所述小型化天线1000还包括设于所述第一辐射单元2和第一移相器4之间的定位座7，所述定位座7包括定位槽71，所述巴伦21的底端嵌设于所述定位槽71内，通过所述定位座7固定并定位所述第一辐射单元2，可提升所述第一辐射单元2的安装精度。
如图4所示，所述小型化天线1000还包括由绝缘材料制成的安装结构8，所述安装结构8具体可为由塑料材料制成的夹具，其处于所述第一移相器2与所述反射板1之间结构的厚度根据所述第一移相器2与所述反射板1之间间距的需求而设置，所述第一移相器2通过所述安装结构8安装于所述反射板1上并相对所述反射板1绝缘，且所述第一移相器2通过所述安装结构8与所述反射板1之间保持预设间距。
请结合图3和图4，所述第一移相器4还包括用于向所述移相电路42馈电的主馈电路43，所述腔体41包括并排设置的第一腔体41a和第二腔 体41b，所述移相电路42设于所述第一腔体41a内，所述主馈电路43设于所述第二腔体41b内，通过所述主馈电路43为所述移相电路42馈电，使所述移相电路42无需外接同轴电缆，进一步减少同轴电缆的使用，从而更好地优化天线内部结构的布局，实现天线小型化。
优选地，所述主馈电路43的传输线设为空气带状线和/或空气同轴线，相比同轴电缆具有体积小、重量轻、频带宽、成本低等优点，可降低成本并提升所述第一移相器4的工作效率。
在另一实施方式中，所述第一腔体41a和第二腔体41b内也可均设有一个所述移相电路42，所述第一辐射单元2包括两个分别处于±45度的极化方向上的馈电片23，所述两个馈电片23一一对应地穿入所述第一腔体41a和第二腔体41b内与相应的移相电路42连接，可通过两个所述移相电路42分别调节所述第一辐射单元2两个极化方向上的相位。
优选地，所述第一辐射单元2还包括设于所述辐射臂22上的支撑座24和通过所述支撑座24支撑于所述辐射臂22上方的引向片25，所述第一辐射单元2的信号可从所述辐射臂22耦合至所述引向片25上，再通过所述引向片25向外辐射，通过所述引向片25可增加所述第一辐射单元2的带宽，提升所述第一辐射单元2的性能参数。
以上所述仅是本发明的部分实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种小型化天线，包括反射板、第一辐射单元和第一移相器，所述第一辐射单元和第一移相器分设于所述反射板相对的两面上，所述第一辐射单元包括巴伦、由所述巴伦支撑的辐射臂和设于所述巴伦内并用于向所述辐射臂馈电的馈电片，所述第一移相器包括腔体和设于所述腔体内的移相电路，其特征在于，所述反射板于所述第一辐射单元的安装位置处开设有安装孔，所述馈电片穿过所述安装孔并穿入所述腔体内与所述移相电路连接，所述腔体与所述反射板之间具有间隙。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的小型化天线，其特征在于，所述腔体与所述反射板之间的间距大于所述巴伦的高度的五分之一。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的小型化天线，其特征在于，还包括由绝缘材料制成的安装结构，所述第一移相器通过所述安装结构安装于所述反射板上并相对所述反射板绝缘。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的小型化天线，其特征在于，所述第一辐射单元相对所述反射板绝缘。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的小型化天线，其特征在于，所述第一移相器还包括用于向所述移相电路馈电的主馈电路，所述腔体包括并排设置的第一腔体和第二腔体，所述移相电路设于所述第一腔体内，所述主馈电路设于所述第二腔体内。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的小型化天线，其特征在于，所述主馈电路的传输线设为空气带状线和/或空气同轴线。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的小型化天线，其特征在于，所述腔体靠近所述反射板的一面开设有供所述馈电片穿入所述腔体内部的第一避让孔，所述腔体远离所述反射板的一面开设有供焊接设备穿入所述腔体内部将所述馈电片焊接于所述移相电路上的第二避让孔。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的小型化天线，其特征在于，还包括设于所述第一辐射单元和第一移相器之间的定位座，所述第一辐射单元的底端嵌设于所述定位座内。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的小型化天线，其特征在于，所述第一辐射单元还包括设于所述辐射臂上的支撑座和通过所述支撑座支撑于所述辐射臂上方的引向片。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的小型化天线，其特征在于，还包括与所述第一辐射单元共同排布于所述反射板同一平面上的第二辐射单元、设于所述反射板背对所述第二辐射单元的一面并与所述第二辐射单元电连接的第二移相器。
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