WO2021047355A1 - 一种线性致动器的自锁装置和线性致动器 - Google Patents

一种线性致动器的自锁装置和线性致动器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021047355A1
WO2021047355A1 PCT/CN2020/109658 CN2020109658W WO2021047355A1 WO 2021047355 A1 WO2021047355 A1 WO 2021047355A1 CN 2020109658 W CN2020109658 W CN 2020109658W WO 2021047355 A1 WO2021047355 A1 WO 2021047355A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
friction
linear actuator
self
ring
rotating screw
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Application number
PCT/CN2020/109658
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡仁昌
陆小健
吴东海
程云山
Original Assignee
浙江捷昌线性驱动科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 浙江捷昌线性驱动科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 浙江捷昌线性驱动科技股份有限公司
Priority to DK20863658.9T priority Critical patent/DK4030080T3/da
Priority to EP20863658.9A priority patent/EP4030080B1/en
Priority to US17/630,533 priority patent/US20220243793A1/en
Publication of WO2021047355A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021047355A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • F16H25/24—Elements essential to such mechanisms, e.g. screws, nuts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B9/00—Tables with tops of variable height
    • A47B9/20—Telescopic guides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B9/00—Tables with tops of variable height
    • A47B9/04—Tables with tops of variable height with vertical spindle
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B91/00—Feet for furniture in general
    • A47B91/02—Adjustable feet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D59/00—Self-acting brakes, e.g. coming into operation at a predetermined speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D63/00—Brakes not otherwise provided for; Brakes combining more than one of the types of groups F16D49/00 - F16D61/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D63/00—Brakes not otherwise provided for; Brakes combining more than one of the types of groups F16D49/00 - F16D61/00
    • F16D63/008—Brakes acting on a linearly moving member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • F16H25/24—Elements essential to such mechanisms, e.g. screws, nuts
    • F16H25/2454—Brakes; Rotational locks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B2200/00—General construction of tables or desks
    • A47B2200/0035—Tables or desks with features relating to adjustability or folding
    • A47B2200/005—Leg adjustment
    • A47B2200/0051—Telescopic
    • A47B2200/0054—Telescopic with three telescopic parts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B2200/00—General construction of tables or desks
    • A47B2200/0035—Tables or desks with features relating to adjustability or folding
    • A47B2200/005—Leg adjustment
    • A47B2200/0056—Leg adjustment with a motor, e.g. an electric motor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B2200/00—General construction of tables or desks
    • A47B2200/0035—Tables or desks with features relating to adjustability or folding
    • A47B2200/005—Leg adjustment
    • A47B2200/0056—Leg adjustment with a motor, e.g. an electric motor
    • A47B2200/0059—Leg adjustment with a motor, e.g. an electric motor in telescoping table legs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2127/00—Auxiliary mechanisms
    • F16D2127/001—Auxiliary mechanisms for automatic or self-acting brake operation
    • F16D2127/004—Auxiliary mechanisms for automatic or self-acting brake operation direction-responsive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • F16H2025/2062—Arrangements for driving the actuator
    • F16H2025/2084—Perpendicular arrangement of drive motor to screw axis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-locking device of a linear actuator and a linear actuator, belonging to the field of linear actuator equipment.
  • Linear actuators are currently widely used in various fields, including electric lift tables, electric beds, electric sofas, etc.
  • the structure of this linear actuator usually includes a drive motor, a rotating screw, and a transmission nut.
  • the drive motor drives the rotating wire.
  • the rod rotates, and when the rotating screw rod rotates, the transmission nut is driven to move axially, and the transmission nut can be connected to the driving object, thereby achieving the driving purpose.
  • the current electric lifting table includes a lifting column.
  • the lifting column includes a drive motor, a rotating screw, and a transmission nut.
  • the transmission nut drives the pipe to rise or fall.
  • Locking function that is, when the motor is not running, the lifting column should have a self-locking function to prevent the lifting table from falling automatically.
  • most of the self-locking function of this kind of lifting column on the market is realized by the brake torsion spring.
  • the brake torsion spring When the rotating screw rod rotates in the reverse direction, the brake torsion spring is driven to hold to generate the braking force.
  • the self-locking structure has relatively insufficient self-locking force.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a self-locking device of a linear actuator and a linear actuator, which can increase the self-locking ability of the linear actuator.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a self-locking device of a linear actuator includes a one-way bearing and a friction collar.
  • the one-way bearing includes an inner ring and an outer ring.
  • the inner ring is used to fit the rotating screw of the linear actuator.
  • the friction collar is connected to the outer ring, and the self-locking device further includes a friction member for matching with the friction collar.
  • the self-locking device adopts the matching structure of the one-way bearing and the friction collar, and the one-way bearing is only one-way rotatable.
  • the rotating screw is rotated in the positive direction, the inner ring and the outer ring of the one-way bearing The rings are separated from each other, which is equivalent to a normal rolling bearing, that is, when the inner ring rotates, the outer ring will not be driven to rotate.
  • the friction collar on the outer ring will not move relative to the friction part, so Friction will be generated, and the screw can be rotated normally.
  • the drive motor drives the rotating screw to rotate
  • the torque of the drive motor is sufficient to overcome the self-locking force to make the rotating screw perform reverse rotation. Therefore, when the drive motor is used as an active drive, the self-locking device does not It does not affect the normal expansion and contraction of the linear actuator; but when the drive motor does not work and the rotating screw acts as the active party to rotate in the opposite direction, the rotating screw produces a reverse rotation movement trend, which will cause the friction ring and There is also a relative movement trend between the friction parts, but the friction between the two will prevent the movement trend, thereby completing the self-locking.
  • the self-locking device of the present invention compared to the original flexible self-locking method that relies on a torsion spring, the present invention relies on two relatively rigid self-locking methods, the friction ring sleeve and the friction member, which are self-locking. The force will be more stable, and at the same time it can provide greater self-locking force, and the service life is more secure.
  • the circumferential side of the friction collar generates friction with the friction member; and/or the axial end of the friction collar generates friction with the friction member.
  • the invention also discloses a linear actuator, which includes a first sleeve, a second sleeve, a rotating screw rod, a transmission nut, and a driving motor.
  • the driving motor drives the rotating screw rod to rotate, and when the rotating screw rod rotates, the transmission nut shaft is driven Moving forward, the transmission nut moves to drive the first sleeve and the second sleeve to expand and contract relatively, and the rotating screw rod is equipped with a self-locking device of any one of the above solutions.
  • the friction ring is sleeved on the outer ring, and a plane bearing is also installed on the rotating screw rod, and the plane bearing and the friction member are located on two different axial sides of the friction ring sleeve.
  • the linear actuator further includes a support base, the support base is away from the plane bearing in an axial direction, the friction member includes a friction outer ring installed in the support base, the friction outer ring It is sleeved outside the friction ring sleeve, and the friction outer ring is in contact with the circumferential side of the friction ring sleeve to generate friction.
  • the circumferential side wall of the friction ring sleeve is an outer tapered surface, the tapered surface tapers toward the side away from the flat bearing, and the inner side wall of the friction outer ring is an inner tapered surface that is adapted to the outer tapered surface.
  • the linear actuator further includes a support base, the support base is away from the plane bearing in an axial direction, and the friction member includes a friction washer installed in the support base, the friction washer Conflict with the axial end of the friction ring sleeve generates friction.
  • a step portion is provided on the rotating screw rod, and the planar bearing is axially positioned on the step portion.
  • the support base is provided with a base inner cavity
  • the friction member is installed in the base inner cavity
  • the friction ring sleeve is at least partially built into the base inner cavity
  • the friction ring sleeve and the base A radial support member is arranged between the walls of the inner cavity, and the radial support member is a bearing or a support ring.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a linear actuator in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of the linear actuator in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of A in Fig. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the linear actuator in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic diagram of B in Fig. 4;
  • Figure 6 is an exploded schematic diagram of the self-locking device in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the self-locking device in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the terms “inner”, “outer”, “upper”, “lower”, “left”, “right”, etc. appear to indicate orientation or positional relationships, which are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments and simplifying the description. It does not indicate or imply that the pointed device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention.
  • the application of the self-locking device in the linear actuator is shown.
  • linear actuators such as lifting columns, such as electric push rods, etc.
  • the self-locking device of this embodiment Specifically, it is applied to a lifting column.
  • the lifting column is usually used for an electric lifting table, so it is usually called a lifting table leg.
  • the lifting column can be driven by the driving motor 11 to achieve rising and falling, so as to achieve the lifting and lowering of the desktop.
  • the drive motor 11 drives up and down.
  • the lifting column itself needs to have a certain degree of freedom.
  • the lock function is to prevent the table top from automatically falling when it is under a large load. Therefore, the lifting column of the existing electric lifting table usually needs to have a self-locking device, and the self-locking device of the existing lifting column is usually made of torsion spring. move.
  • the self-locking device includes a one-way bearing 21 and a friction collar 22.
  • the one-way bearing 21 includes an inner ring 211 and an outer ring 212.
  • the one-way bearing 21 is a mechanical It is a relatively common product in the field and will not be elaborated in this article.
  • the inner ring 211 of the one-way bearing 21 is used to fit the rotating screw 10 of the linear actuator, and the friction collar 22 is connected to the outer ring 212
  • the self-locking device further includes a friction member 23 for cooperating with the friction collar 22.
  • the self-locking device adopts the matching structure of the one-way bearing 21 and the friction collar 22, and the one-way bearing 21 is only one-way rotatable.
  • the rotating screw 10 rotates in the forward direction
  • the one-way bearing 21 The inner ring 211 and the outer ring 212 are separated from each other, which is equivalent to a normal rolling bearing, that is, when the inner ring 211 rotates, the outer ring 212 will not rotate.
  • the friction collar 22 on the outer ring 212 There will be no relative movement with the friction member 23, and no friction, and the rotating screw 10 can operate normally.
  • the lifting column when the drive motor 11 is normally driven, the lifting column can achieve normal lifting, and when the drive motor 11 is not working, under the self-locking force of the self-locking device, the load on the electric lifting table is not enough to drive The lifting column descends.
  • the self-locking device of this embodiment compared with the original flexible self-locking method relying on a torsion spring, the present invention relies on two relatively rigid self-locking methods of the friction collar 22 and the friction member 23.
  • the self-locking force will be more stable, and at the same time it can provide greater self-locking force, and the service life is more secure.
  • the friction collar 22 and the friction member 23 have a floating gap in the axial direction of the rotating screw rod 10.
  • the axial directions referred to herein are all based on the axial direction of the rotating screw 10 as a reference.
  • the rotating screw 10 Since the rotating screw 10 will have an axial movement gap during actual assembly, when the lifting table produces up and down movements, the rotating screw 10 will slightly move in the axial direction and rotate. The axial movement of the screw 10 will drive the friction collar 22 to approach the friction member 23 in the axial direction, or move away from the friction member 23 in the axial direction, so as to adjust the floating gap between the friction collar 22 and the friction member 23.
  • the frictional force between the friction collar 22 and the friction member 23 can be realized in many embodiments. In this embodiment, it is preferable that the frictional force is generated at the axial end of the friction collar 22 and the friction member 23. 3 to 5, the friction member 23 of this embodiment is a friction washer, the friction collar 22 is sleeved on the rotating screw 10, the friction washer is above the friction collar 22, and the top of the friction collar 22 The surface is in contact with the bottom surface of the friction pad, thereby generating friction.
  • a plane bearing 24 is preferably provided.
  • the plane bearing 24 is also sleeved on the rotating screw 10 and sleeved axially below the friction collar 22, that is, the plane bearing 24 and the friction member 23. It is located on two different axial sides of the friction collar 22, so that when the rotating screw 10 rotates relative to the friction collar 22, the friction force is smaller, that is, when the rotating screw 10 is driven by the driving motor 11 to rotate forward At this time, the friction collar 22 and the upper ring 241 of the plane bearing 24 both remain stationary, and the rotating screw 10 and the lower ring 242 of the plane bearing 24 rotate together.
  • a support base 25 is provided in this embodiment.
  • the support base 25 is away from the planar bearing 24 in the axial direction, and the friction washer is installed in the support base 25.
  • the The rotating screw 10 is provided with a step portion 101, and the plane bearing 24 is axially positioned on the step portion 101, such that the plane bearing 24, the friction collar 22, the one-way bearing 21, and the friction washer in this embodiment These components are installed between the step part 101 and the support base 25 to complete the axial positioning.
  • the step part 101 transmits the axial force to the plane bearing 24, and then The plane bearing 24 is transferred to the friction collar 22, and finally the friction collar 22 resists against the friction pad to generate friction.
  • the support base 25 is provided with a base cavity 251
  • the friction member 23 is installed in the base cavity 251
  • the friction collar 22 is at least partially Built in the inner cavity 251 of the base
  • a radial support 26 is provided between the friction collar 22 and the wall of the inner cavity 251 of the base.
  • the radial support 26 is a bearing or a support ring.
  • the radial support 26 is preferably a bearing, so that the one-way bearing 21, the friction collar 22, the friction washer and the support base 25 basically form a whole, and the positioning effect is very good whether in the radial direction or the axial direction, and the stability is better.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that in the first embodiment, the frictional force is generated between the friction member 23 and the friction collar 22 through end contact, while this embodiment In the example, the frictional force between the friction member 23 and the friction collar 22 is generated by the circumferential side portion of the friction collar 22 and the friction member 23.
  • the friction member 23 includes a friction outer ring installed in the support base 25.
  • the support base 25 since the support base 25 includes a base cavity 251, the friction outer ring can be used with the inner cavity of the base.
  • the wall of the cavity 251 is installed in an interference fit manner.
  • other fixed connection methods may be used.
  • the friction outer ring is sleeved outside the friction collar 22, and the friction outer ring and the friction collar The circumferential side contact of 22 generates friction.
  • the circumferential side wall of the friction collar 22 is an outer tapered surface 221, and the tapered surface is tapered toward the side away from the flat bearing 24, and the inner side wall of the friction outer ring is in line with the Refer to Figure 7 for the inner cone surface adapted to the outer cone surface.
  • the rotating screw 10 has an axial movement space.
  • the circumferential side wall of the friction collar 22 is set as an outer cone 221. When the rotating screw 10 acts on the friction sleeve, the axial force is applied to the friction sleeve.
  • the circumferential side wall of the friction collar 22 and the inner side wall of the friction outer ring will form the effect of pressing tighter, that is, the greater the axial force, the greater the frictional force, and the smaller the axial force.
  • the circumferential side surface of the friction ring sleeve is a stepped surface, and the inner side wall of the friction outer ring is matched with the stepped surface, so the friction force is relatively small.
  • the radial support 26 in this embodiment is preferably a support ring, and the support ring may be a plastic collar, which is more cost-effective than a bearing.
  • the structure and shape of the circumferential side wall of the friction collar 22 are not limited to the outer cone 221 in this embodiment.
  • the shape and structure may be changed to some extent, for example, it may also be In the form of a stepped surface, when the structure of the stepped surface is adopted, the combination of peripheral side friction and end surface friction is actually realized to a certain extent.
  • other irregular shapes can also be used.
  • this embodiment is a linear actuator.
  • the linear actuator of this embodiment is preferably a lifting column.
  • This embodiment includes a first sleeve 31, The second sleeve 32, the rotating screw 10, the transmission nut, the driving motor 11, the driving motor 11 drives the rotating screw 10 to rotate, and the rotating screw 10 drives the transmission nut to move axially when the rotating screw 10 rotates, and the transmission nut moves to drive the first sleeve 31 and the second sleeve 32 are relatively expanded and contracted.
  • the lifting column in this embodiment is preferably a three-section lifting column, in which the first sleeve 31, the second sleeve 32, the rotating screw 10, the drive nut, the drive motor 11, etc. form a transmission assembly.
  • the column also includes an inner tube 41, a middle tube 42, and an outer tube 43.
  • the transmission assembly drives the inner tube 41, the middle tube 42, and the outer tube 43 to generate relative telescopic movement.
  • linear actuator may be the lifting column shown in this embodiment, or an electric push rod used in an electric drive device.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种线性致动器的自锁装置，属于线性致动设备领域，包括单向轴承和摩擦套环，所述单向轴承包括内圈和外圈，所述内圈用于套装至线性致动器的转动丝杆，所述摩擦套环与所述外圈连接，所述自锁装置还包括用于与所述摩擦套环配合的摩擦件，转动丝杆沿正向转动时，所述外圈不转动，所述转动丝杆沿反向转动时，外圈、内圈、摩擦套环同步转动，摩擦套环与摩擦件之间接触以产生摩擦力。本发明还公开了一种采用上述自锁装置的线性致动器。本发明的优点在于可以增加线性致动器的自锁能力。

Description

一种线性致动器的自锁装置和线性致动器 【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种线性致动器的自锁装置和线性致动器，属于线性致动设备领域。
【背景技术】
线性致动器目前被广泛应用在各个领域，包括电动升降桌、电动床、电动沙发等等，这种线性致动器其结构通常包括驱动电机、转动丝杆、传动螺母，驱动电机带动转动丝杆转动，转动丝杆转动时带动传动螺母轴向移动，传动螺母可以连接驱动对象，从而实现驱动目的。
以电动升降桌为例，目前电动升降桌中包括升降立柱，其中升降立柱中就包括驱动电机、转动丝杆、传动螺母，传动螺母带动管件上升或下降，这类电动升降桌，是需要有自锁功能的，即当电机没有运行的状态下，升降立柱应该具备自锁功能，从而防止升降桌自动下降。目前市面上这类升降立柱，其自锁功能大部分是依靠制动扭簧来实现，利用转动丝杆反向转动时带动制动扭簧来抱紧以产生制动力，然而目前这种结构的自锁结构，其自锁力相对不足。
【发明内容】
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术的不足而提供一种线性致动器的自锁装置和线性致动器，可以增加线性致动器的自锁能力。
解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种线性致动器的自锁装置，包括单向轴承和摩擦套环，所述单向轴承包括内圈和外圈，所述内圈用于套装至线性致动器的转动丝杆，所述摩擦套环与所述外圈连接，所述自锁装置还包括用于与所述摩擦套环配合的摩擦件，转动丝杆沿正向转动时，所述外圈不转动，所述转动丝杆沿反向转动时，外圈、内圈、摩擦套环同步转动，摩擦套环与摩擦件之间接触以产生摩擦力。
采用本发明的有益效果：
本发明中，自锁装置采用了单向轴承和摩擦套环的配合结构，利用单向轴承只有单向可转动的特性，在转动丝杆正向转动时，单向轴承中的内圈和外圈是相互分离的，相当于一个正常的滚动轴承，即内圈转动时不会带动外圈转动，在这种状态下，外圈上的摩擦套环不会与摩擦件产生相对运动，也就不会产生摩擦力，转动丝杆可以正常运转。
而当转动丝杆反向转动时，单向轴承上的内圈和外圈之间会产生自锁，从而使得内圈和外圈之间同步转动，而外圈转动的同时就会带动摩擦套环也转动，摩擦套环转动时会与摩擦件之间产生相对运动，从而产生摩擦力，从反向作用来说，该摩擦力会对转动丝杆产生阻力，相当于对转动丝杆产生一个自锁力。
基于这种结构，当驱动电机驱动转动丝杆进行转动时，由于驱动电机的扭力足以克服该自锁力使得转动丝杆进行反向转动，故当驱动电机作为主动驱动时，该自锁装置并不影响线性致动器的正常伸缩；但是当驱动电机不工作，转动丝杆作为主动方进行反向转动时，转动丝杆产生一个反向转动的运动趋势，该运动趋势会导致摩擦套环和摩擦件之间也产生一个相对运动趋势，但是两者之间的摩擦力会阻止该运动趋势，从而完成自锁。
而且本发明这种自锁装置，相对于原有的依靠扭簧这种柔性自锁方式而言，本发明依靠的是摩擦环套和摩擦件两个相对较为刚性的自锁方式，其自锁力会更稳定，同时也能够提供更大的自锁力，在使用寿命上也更有保障。
作为优选，所述摩擦套环和摩擦件在沿所述转动丝杆的轴向方向上存在浮动间隙。
作为优选，所述摩擦套环的周向侧部与摩擦件产生摩擦力；和/或，所述摩擦套环的轴向端部与摩擦件产生摩擦力。
本发明还公开了一种线性致动器，包括第一套管、第二套管、转动丝杆、传动螺母、驱动电机，驱动电机驱动转动丝杆转动，转动丝杆转动时带动传动螺母轴向移动，传动螺母移动以带动第一套管和第二套管发生相对伸缩，所述转动丝杆上安装有上述方案中任意一种的自锁装置。
作为优选，所述摩擦套环套装在外圈上，所述转动丝杆上还安装有平面轴承，所述平面轴承和摩擦件位于摩擦环套的两个不同的轴向侧。
作为优选，所述线性致动器还包括支撑基座，所述支撑基座轴向方向远离所述平面轴承，所述摩擦件包括安装在支撑基座内的摩擦外圈，所述摩擦外圈套装在所述摩擦环套外，所述摩擦外圈和摩擦环套的周向侧部接触产生摩擦力。
作为优选，所述摩擦环套的周向侧壁呈外锥面，所述锥面朝远离平面轴承一侧渐缩，所述摩擦外圈的内侧壁为与所述外锥面适配的内锥面；或者，所述摩擦环套的周向侧面为台阶面，所述摩擦外圈的内侧壁与所述台阶面所适配。
作为优选，所述线性致动器还包括支撑基座，所述支撑基座轴向方向远离所述平面轴承，所述摩擦件包括安装在支撑基座内的摩擦垫片，所述摩擦垫片与摩擦环套的轴向端部抵触产生摩擦力。
作为优选，所述转动丝杆上设有台阶部，所述平面轴承轴向定位在所述台阶部上。
作为优选，所述支撑基座设有基座内腔，所述摩擦件安装在基座内腔中，所述摩擦环套至少部分内置在基座内腔中，所述摩擦环套与基座内腔壁之间设有径向支撑件，所述径向支撑件为轴承或支撑环。
本发明的这些特点和优点将会在下面的具体实施方式、附图中详细的揭露。
【附图说明】
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的说明：
图1为本发明实施例一中线性致动器的整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例一中线性致动器的爆炸示意图；
图3为图2中A处的放大示意图；
图4为本发明实施例一中线性致动器的剖视示意图；
图5为图4中B处的放大示意图；
图6为本发明实施例二中自锁装置的爆炸示意图；
图7为本发明实施例二中自锁装置的剖视示意图。
【具体实施方式】
下面结合本发明实施例的附图对本发明实施例的技术方案进行解释和说明，但下述实施例仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非全部。基于实施方式中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得其他实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。
在下文描述中，出现诸如术语“内”、“外”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等指示方位或者位置关系，仅是为了方便描述实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或者元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例一
如图1至图5所示，展示的自锁装置在线性致动器内的应用，线性致动器的种类有多种，比如升降立柱、比如电动推杆等，本实施例的自锁装置具体是应用在一升降立柱上，该升降立柱通常用于电动升降桌，故通常也称为升降桌腿，该升降立柱可以在驱动电机11的驱动下实现上升和下降，从而实现桌面的上升和下降，对于这类电动升降桌而言，正常情况都是由驱动电机11来驱动上下升降，但是一旦驱动电机11不工作，或者处于异常断电情况时，则需要升降立柱自身也具备一定的自锁功能，以防桌面承受较大载荷时发生自动下降的问题，故现有的电动升降桌的升降立柱通常都需要具备自锁装置，而现有的升降立柱的自锁装置通常为扭簧制动。
而本实施例中，如图2和图3所示，自锁装置包括单向轴承21和摩擦套环22，所述单向轴承21包括内圈211和外圈212，单向轴承21是机械领域中比较常见的产品，本文不作过多阐述，所述单向轴承21的内圈211用于套装至线性致动器的转动丝杆10，所述摩擦套环22与所述外圈212连接，所述自锁装置还包括用于与所述摩擦套环22配合的摩擦件23，转动丝杆10沿正向转动时，所述外圈212不转动，所述转动丝杆10沿反向转动时，外圈212、内圈211、摩擦套环22同步转动，摩擦套环22与摩擦件23之间接触以产生摩擦力。
本实施例中，自锁装置采用了单向轴承21和摩擦套环22的配合结构，利用单向轴承21只有单向可转动的特性，在转动丝杆10正向转动时，单向轴承21中的内圈211和外圈212是相互分离的，相当于一个正常的滚动轴承，即内圈 211转动时不会带动外圈212转动，在这种状态下，外圈212上的摩擦套环22不会与摩擦件23产生相对运动，也就不会产生摩擦力，转动丝杆10可以正常运转。
而当转动丝杆10反向转动时，单向轴承21上的内圈211和外圈212之间会产生自锁，从而使得内圈211和外圈212之间同步转动，而外圈212转动的同时就会带动摩擦套环22也转动，摩擦套环22转动时会与摩擦件23之间产生相对运动，从而产生摩擦力，从反向作用来说，该摩擦力会对转动丝杆10产生阻力，相当于对转动丝杆10产生一个自锁力。
基于这种结构，当驱动电机11驱动转动丝杆10进行转动时，由于驱动电机11的扭力足以克服该自锁力使得转动丝杆10进行反向转动，故当驱动电机11作为主动驱动时，该自锁装置并不影响线性致动器的正常伸缩；但是当驱动电机11不工作，转动丝杆10作为主动方进行反向转动时，转动丝杆10产生一个反向转动的运动趋势，该运动趋势会导致摩擦套环22和摩擦件23之间也产生一个相对运动趋势，但是两者之间的摩擦力会阻止该运动趋势，从而完成自锁。结合到升降立柱上，当驱动电机11正常驱动时，升降立柱可以实现正常升降，而当驱动电机11不工作时，在该自锁装置的自锁力下，电动升降桌上的载荷不足以驱动升降立柱下降。
而且本实施例这种自锁装置，相对于原有的依靠扭簧的柔性自锁方式而言，本发明依靠的是摩擦套环22和摩擦件23两个相对较为刚性的自锁方式，其自锁力会更稳定，同时也能够提供更大的自锁力，在使用寿命上也更有保障。
为了减少当驱动电机11作为主动驱动时自锁装置对转动丝杆10的阻力，所述摩擦套环22和摩擦件23在沿所述转动丝杆10的轴向方向上存在浮动间隙。本文所指的轴向方向，均是以转动丝杆10的轴向方向为参考。由于摩擦套环22和摩擦件23之间在轴向方向上存在浮动间隙，该浮动间隙的存在，使得摩擦套环22和摩擦件23之间的摩擦力会受轴向力的影响而变化，当两者轴向方向受力较大时，摩擦套环22和摩擦件23之间的浮动间隙变小，接触更紧密，从而使得摩擦力更大，而当两者之间的轴向方向受力较小时，摩擦力较小，如此便可根据升降桌的实际承载大小来自我控制自锁力大小。具体也可以参见图5，由于转动丝杆10在实际装配时会有轴向的运动间隙的，故当升降桌产生上下升降运动时，转动丝杆10会有轴向方向的细微窜动，转动丝杆10的轴向窜动会带动摩擦 套环22轴向靠近摩擦件23，或者轴向远离摩擦件23，如此来调整摩擦套环22和摩擦件23之间浮动间隙。
对于摩擦套环22和摩擦件23之间的摩擦力，可以是由很多种实施方式来实现，本实施例优选了在所述摩擦套环22的轴向端部与摩擦件23产生摩擦力，结合图3至图5所示，本实施例摩擦件23为一个摩擦垫片，摩擦套环22套装在转动丝杆10上，摩擦垫片在摩擦套环22的上方，摩擦套环22的顶面与摩擦垫片的底面接触，从而产生摩擦力。
此外，本实施例中作为优选还设置了一平面轴承24，平面轴承24也套装在转动丝杆10上，且套装在摩擦套环22的轴向下方，即所述平面轴承24和摩擦件23位于摩擦套环22的两个不同的轴向侧，如此转动丝杆10相对于摩擦套环22在相对转动时，摩擦力更小，即当转动丝杆10在驱动电机11驱动下正向转动时，摩擦套环22与平面轴承24的上圈241均保持不动，而转动丝杆10和平面轴承24的下圈242一起转动。
为了组装便利，本实施例中设置了一个支撑基座25，所述支撑基座25轴向方向远离所述平面轴承24，所述摩擦垫片就安装在支撑基座25内，另外，所述转动丝杆10上设有台阶部101，所述平面轴承24轴向定位在所述台阶部101上，如此本实施例中的平面轴承24、摩擦套环22、单向轴承21、摩擦垫片这些部件，均被安装在台阶部101和支撑基座25之间，完成轴向定位，当转动丝杆10受到轴向力时，由台阶部101将轴向力传递到平面轴承24，再由平面轴承24传递到摩擦套环22，最终摩擦套环22与摩擦垫片相抵，产生摩擦力。
为了本实施例的自锁装置的稳定性更好，所述支撑基座25设有基座内腔251，所述摩擦件23安装在基座内腔251中，所述摩擦套环22至少部分内置在基座内腔251中，所述摩擦套环22与基座内腔251壁之间设有径向支撑件26，所述径向支撑件26为轴承或支撑环，在本实施例中径向支撑件26优选为轴承，如此单向轴承21、摩擦套环22、摩擦垫片与支撑基座25基本形成一个整体，无论是径向还是轴向都完成很好的定位效果，稳定性更好。
实施例二
如图6和图7所示，本实施例与实施例一的区别在于，实施例一中，摩擦件23与摩擦套环22之间是通过端部接触的方式来产生摩擦力，而本实施例中， 摩擦件23与摩擦套环22之间是通过所述摩擦套环22的周向侧部与摩擦件23产生摩擦力。
本实施例中，所述摩擦件23包括安装在支撑基座25内的摩擦外圈，本实施例中由于支撑基座25包括一个基座内腔251，故摩擦外圈可以采用与基座内腔251壁过盈配合的方式进行安装，当然在其他实施方式中，可以采用其他固定连接的方式，所述摩擦外圈套装在所述摩擦套环22外，所述摩擦外圈和摩擦套环22的周向侧部接触产生摩擦力。
作为本实施例的优选，所述摩擦套环22的周向侧壁呈外锥面221，所述锥面朝远离平面轴承24一侧渐缩，所述摩擦外圈的内侧壁为与所述外锥面适配的内锥面，具体可参见图7。和实施例一一样，转动丝杆10是具有轴向窜动空间的，将摩擦套环22的周向侧壁设置成外锥面221，当转动丝杆10将轴向力作用到摩擦套环22上时，摩擦套环22的周向侧壁与摩擦外圈的内侧壁会形成越压越紧的效果，即轴向力越大，摩擦力也越大，轴向力小或者，所述摩擦环套的周向侧面为台阶面，所述摩擦外圈的内侧壁与所述台阶面所适配，则摩擦力也相对较小。
此外，本实施例中径向支撑件26优选是支撑环，支撑环可以是塑料套环，如此成本上相对于轴承而言更有优势。
需要说明的是，对于摩擦套环22的周向侧壁的结构和形状并不局限于本实施例中的外锥面221，在其他实施方式中，其形状结构可以有一定变化，比如也可以采用台阶面的形式，在采用台阶面的结构时，其实一定程度上实现了周侧摩擦力和端面摩擦力的结合，同理还可以采用其他不规则的形状，这些实施方式也落入本发明的保护范围内。
实施例三
同样如图1至图5所示，本实施例为一种线性致动器，如上文所述，本实施例的线性致动器优选是一升降立柱，本实施例包括第一套管31、第二套管32、转动丝杆10、传动螺母、驱动电机11，驱动电机11驱动转动丝杆10转动，转动丝杆10转动时带动传动螺母轴向移动，传动螺母移动以带动第一套管31和第二套管32发生相对伸缩。
而本实施例中的升降立柱优选是一种三节式的升降立柱，其中第一套管31、 第二套管32、转动丝杆10、传动螺母、驱动电机11等构成一个传动总成，升降立柱还包括内管41、中管42、外管43，传动总成驱动内管41、中管42、外管43产生相对伸缩运动。对于这种三节式的升降立柱的工作原理，在之前的申请中已经有详细公开，本文不作过多阐述。
另外，需要说明的是，对于线性致动器，可以是本实施例展示的升降立柱，也可以是用在电动驱动设备上的电动推杆等。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，熟悉该本领域的技术人员应该明白本发明包括但不限于附图和上面具体实施方式中描述的内容。任何不偏离本发明的功能和结构原理的修改都将包括在权利要求书的范围中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种线性致动器的自锁装置，其特征在于，包括单向轴承和摩擦套环，所述单向轴承包括内圈和外圈，所述内圈用于套装至线性致动器的转动丝杆，所述摩擦套环与所述外圈连接，所述自锁装置还包括用于与所述摩擦套环配合的摩擦件，转动丝杆沿正向转动时，所述外圈不转动，所述转动丝杆沿反向转动时，外圈、内圈、摩擦套环同步转动，摩擦套环与摩擦件之间接触以产生摩擦力。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的自锁装置，其特征在于，所述摩擦套环和摩擦件在沿所述转动丝杆的轴向方向上存在浮动间隙。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的自锁装置，其特征在于，所述摩擦套环的周向侧部与摩擦件产生摩擦力；和/或，所述摩擦套环的轴向端部与摩擦件产生摩擦力。
  4. 一种线性致动器，包括第一套管、第二套管、转动丝杆、传动螺母、驱动电机，驱动电机驱动转动丝杆转动，转动丝杆转动时带动传动螺母轴向移动，传动螺母移动以带动第一套管和第二套管发生相对伸缩，其特征在于，所述转动丝杆上安装有如权利要求1或2所述的自锁装置。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的线性致动器，其特征在于，所述摩擦套环套装在外圈上，所述转动丝杆上还安装有平面轴承，所述平面轴承和摩擦件位于摩擦环套的两个不同的轴向侧。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的线性致动器，其特征在于，所述线性致动器还包括支撑基座，所述支撑基座轴向方向远离所述平面轴承，所述摩擦件包括安装在支撑基座内的摩擦外圈，所述摩擦外圈套装在所述摩擦环套外，所述摩擦外圈和摩擦环套的周向侧部接触产生摩擦力。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的线性致动器，其特征在于，所述摩擦环套的周向侧壁呈外锥面，所述锥面朝远离平面轴承一侧渐缩，所述摩擦外圈的内侧壁为与所述外锥面适配的内锥面；或者，所述摩擦环套的周向侧面为台阶面，所述摩擦外圈的内侧壁与所述台阶面所适配。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的线性致动器，其特征在于，所述线性致动器还包括支撑基座，所述支撑基座轴向方向远离所述平面轴承，所述摩擦件包括安装在支撑基座内的摩擦垫片，所述摩擦垫片与摩擦环套的轴向端部抵触产生摩擦力。
  9. 如权利要求5所述的线性致动器，其特征在于，所述转动丝杆上设有台阶部，所述平面轴承轴向定位在所述台阶部上。
  10. 如权利要求6或8所述的线性致动器，其特征在于，所述支撑基座设有基座内腔，所述摩擦件安装在基座内腔中，所述摩擦环套至少部分内置在基座内腔中，所述摩擦环套与基座内腔壁之间设有径向支撑件，所述径向支撑件为轴承或支撑环。
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