WO2021012629A1 - 一种具有自修复和温敏功能的热障涂层的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种具有自修复和温敏功能的热障涂层的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2021012629A1
WO2021012629A1 PCT/CN2020/000142 CN2020000142W WO2021012629A1 WO 2021012629 A1 WO2021012629 A1 WO 2021012629A1 CN 2020000142 W CN2020000142 W CN 2020000142W WO 2021012629 A1 WO2021012629 A1 WO 2021012629A1
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powder
mixed
temperature
sio
preparing
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PCT/CN2020/000142
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郭孟秋
田浩亮
王长亮
汤智慧
于洋
崔永静
高俊国
周子民
王天颖
张昂
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中国航发北京航空材料研究院
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Priority to US17/420,626 priority Critical patent/US11549169B2/en
Publication of WO2021012629A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021012629A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/129—Flame spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/09—Mixtures of metallic powders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
    • B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0433—Nickel- or cobalt-based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
    • C23C4/11—Oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/126—Detonation spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/241—Chemical after-treatment on the surface
    • B22F2003/242—Coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
    • B22F2201/20—Use of vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of temperature detection and self-repairing thermal barrier coating materials for the protection of aero engine blades, and in particular relates to a preparation method of a thermal barrier coating with self-repairing and temperature-sensitive functions.
  • Thermal barrier coating as a protective coating for the hot end components of a gas turbine, can greatly increase the service life and service temperature of the gas turbine.
  • the bonding strength between the ceramic layer and the substrate decreases, and the ceramic layer gradually peels off. Therefore, there is a need for a new type of bonding layer that can not only alleviate the thermal stress between the ceramic layer and the substrate at high temperature, but also has strong high temperature stability and can increase the bonding strength between the substrate and the ceramic layer.
  • high-entropy alloy exhibits excellent structural stability at high temperatures.
  • the high-temperature stability of high-entropy alloys and the high-temperature resistant oxides with bonding properties formed at high temperatures can be used.
  • the high temperature resistance of the bonding layer is improved, and the bonding strength between the ceramic layer and the substrate can be improved.
  • the life of the thermal barrier coating largely depends on temperature changes. During the service process, the surface temperature Ts is much higher than the substrate interface temperature Tb. The temperature difference (Ts-Tb) along the thickness of the coating is caused by It is an important factor for the coating to produce vertical cracks and interface peeling. However, it is difficult to accurately measure the internal temperature of the coating.
  • the temperature measurement technology used in high temperature environment mainly includes temperature indicator paint, infrared temperature measurement, and thermocouple temperature measurement. Temperature indicator paint is a kind of temperature-sensitive paint, which is coated on the surface of parts.
  • thermocouple is a contact temperature measurement method that uses the thermoelectric effect.
  • the temperature measurement element must be in contact with the measured medium and reach thermal equilibrium within a certain period of time to achieve the purpose of temperature measurement. Delay phenomenon, and unable to monitor the internal temperature of the coating. To sum up, the current temperature measurement methods are not up to this task.
  • fluorescent temperature measurement technology based on the optical response temperature characteristics of materials has developed rapidly. By doping rare earth fluorescent elements inside the thermal barrier coating, the spectral width and fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent material after the thermal barrier coating has been serviced in different temperature environments The lifetime of the fluorescence will change accordingly, so the correlation with temperature can be studied to realize the purpose of real-time monitoring of the service temperature of the thermal barrier coating.
  • the present invention proposes to use liquid plasma spraying technology to prepare a temperature-sensitive thermal barrier coating co-doped with rare earth ions, and to use the mapping relationship between the luminescence properties of rare earth elements and temperature to monitor the change trend of the internal temperature of the coating in real time.
  • the relationship between the thermal barrier coating and the temperature coupling effect is studied to achieve the purpose of real-time monitoring of the service temperature within the coating depth range .
  • the present invention refers to the concept of imitating the self-healing repair of human repair cells, and at the same time composites SiO 2 repair agent microcapsules with La-Ce-Zr-O coating In the process, when the coating cracks and fails, the microcapsules are broken due to stress, the repair agent flows out, and oxidation products are generated under high temperature conditions to fill a certain amount of cracks in the ceramic material, which can realize the self-repair function.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a design and preparation method of an intelligent self-repairing temperature-sensitive thermal barrier coating material.
  • a method for preparing a thermal barrier coating with self-repairing and temperature-sensitive functions includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Prepare a metal sintered mixed material, prepare a yttria stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol, and prepare a ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La-Ce-Zr-O;
  • Step 2 Use the supersonic flame spraying process or explosive spraying process to spray the metal sintered mixed material on the surface of the superalloy to form the bottom layer, and then use the liquid plasma spraying process to spray the yttria stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol on the bottom surface to form an intermediate layer Finally, the plasma spraying process or explosive spraying process is used to spray the ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La-Ce-Zr-O on the surface of the intermediate layer to form a surface layer.
  • the explosive spraying process can ensure that the Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti mixed powder spraying to form the alloy bottom layer has a higher high entropy by adjusting the ratio of oxygen/acetylene/propane, stacking gun rate, spraying distance, etc.
  • the composition content can also ensure the minimum loss of SiO 2 microcapsules during the formation of the surface layer of the ceramic composite of SiO 2 mixed with La-Ce-Zr-O, which can exert the excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance of the high-entropy alloy bottom layer to a greater extent And anti-strain impact performance, exerting the self-repairing function of SiO 2 microcapsules in La-Ce-Zr-O ceramic surface layer.
  • the metal sintered mixed material in step 1 is powder, and the ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La-Ce-Zr-O is powder.
  • the sintering preparation method of the above-mentioned metal mixed material includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Select Ni powder, Co powder, Fe powder, Cr powder, Si powder, Al powder and Ti powder with a particle size of 0.5-1 ⁇ m; Ni powder, Ni powder, Co powder, Fe powder, Cr powder, Si powder, Al The mass percentage ratio of powder to Ti powder is (82 ⁇ 84):(6 ⁇ 7):(1 ⁇ 2):(2 ⁇ 3):(0.1 ⁇ 0.5):(2 ⁇ 3):(0.5 ⁇ 6.9) ; And mixing the powders uniformly to obtain a mixed powder of Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti;
  • Step 2 Add polyvinyl alcohol powder to the mixed powder obtained in step 1, and the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol powder in the mixed powder is 7-10%, and then heat and stir the mixed powder to obtain the mixed liquid material;
  • Step 3 The mixed liquid material obtained in step 2 is made into a bottom layer powder through a vacuum atomization process, and the particle size of the bottom layer powder is 30 ⁇ m-40 ⁇ m;
  • Step 4 Perform high-temperature sintering of the bottom layer powder in a vacuum sintering furnace, so that the metal elements in the bottom layer powder are reacted and sintered to obtain a metal sintered mixed material.
  • the metal sintered mixed material is ground and screened to obtain a metal sintered mixed powder with a uniform particle size (for example, 30-45 ⁇ m).
  • the mixed powder obtained in step 1 is ball-milled and mixed in a liquid medium (alcohol) at a speed of 7-10 rpm/s for 20-25 hours; then ultrasonic treatment is performed at a frequency of 20-25 Hz for 0.5-1 hour; at 50- Dry treatment at 60°C for 0.5 to 1 hour to obtain a mixed powder of Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti.
  • a liquid medium alcohol
  • step 2 of the sintering preparation method of the foregoing metal mixed material the heating temperature is 30-60° C., the stirring is 30-60 min, and the stirring rate is 300-500 rpm/min.
  • the agitated and mixed liquid material is sprayed and granulated under vacuum conditions to obtain a Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti composite spray material with a particle size of 30 ⁇ m-40 ⁇ m.
  • step 4 of the sintering preparation method of the above-mentioned metal mixed material the sintering process causes solid solution reaction of Ni, Al, Fe, Cr, and Co.
  • the vacuum degree is 1 ⁇ 10-3Pa
  • the heating temperature is 810 ⁇ 830°C
  • the heating rate is 10 ⁇ 15°C/min
  • the protective gas is chlorine gas.
  • the preparation method of the yttria stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Mix Er 2 O 3 and hydrochloric acid (98% by volume) uniformly to obtain a first mixed solution.
  • the mass ratio of Er 2 O 3 to hydrochloric acid is (33-37): (63-67);
  • Step 2 Mix the zirconium oxide octahydrate ZrOCl 2 ⁇ 8H 2 O, yttrium oxide Y 2 O 3 and deionized water with a mass percentage of 28-30:1:69-71 to obtain a second mixed solution;
  • step 1 of the method for preparing the yttria-stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol 2g-5g polyethylene glycol dispersant is added, and the mixture is stirred uniformly at a rate of 400rpm/min, and the stirring time is 30min-50min.
  • step 2 of the method for preparing the yttria-stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol the stirring time for mixing in step 2 is 60-90 min, the stirring speed is 500 rpm/min, and 30 g-50 g polyethylene glycol dispersant is added.
  • the heating temperature in step 3 of the method for preparing the yttria-stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol is 80° C., and the uniform stirring time is 12 to 15 hours.
  • the preparation method of the above-mentioned SiO 2 mixed La 2 Zr 2 O 7 ceramic composite material includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Stir the styrene liquid and the sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 5 to 7% uniformly, and obtain the lower layer solution after full reaction and standing for stratification; gradually add the lower layer to the trimethylammonium chloride solution Solution to obtain a mixed solution of trimethylammonium chloride and styrene; add the aqueous solution of azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride to the mixed solution of trimethylammonium chloride and styrene, stir uniformly and polymerize to obtain a styrene microsphere emulsion; Mix the styrene microsphere emulsion, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide powder and ammonia water uniformly, and then gradually add ethyl orthosilicate to react to obtain a mixed solution containing SiO 2 ;
  • La 2 O 3 powder, CeO 2 powder and hydrochloric acid in a mass ratio of 23-28:5-8:64-72, uniformly and fully reacted to obtain a La 2 Ce 2 O 7 mixed solution;
  • Step 3 Centrifugal sedimentation of the mixed emulsion to obtain sediment, filter, wash and dry the sediment, and calcinate the dried sediment at a calcination temperature of 530-580°C to obtain a ceramic composite material.
  • the ceramic composite material is ground and screened to obtain a ceramic composite powder of SiO 2 mixed with La-Ce-Zr-O with uniform particle size (for example, 30-40 ⁇ m).
  • step 1 of the above-mentioned preparation method of the ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La 2 Zr 2 O 7 the styrene liquid and the sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 5 to 7% are uniformly stirred and reacted to produce isoprene. Ene.
  • step 1 of the above-mentioned preparation method of the ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La 2 Zr 2 O 7 the gradual addition is dropwise addition.
  • step 1 of the preparation method of the above-mentioned SiO 2 mixed La 2 Zr 2 O 7 ceramic composite material the aqueous solution of azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride is added to the mixed solution of trimethylammonium chloride and styrene In the process, polymerization reaction occurs to obtain styrene microsphere emulsion.
  • the ceramic composite material is used to form a surface layer, and the surface layer has a self-repair function.
  • step 1 of the method for preparing the ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La 2 Zr 2 O 7 the aqueous solution of azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride is added to the mixed solution of trimethylammonium chloride and styrene to produce
  • the polymerization reaction obtains the styrene microsphere emulsion, which is equipped with a condensation system during the polymerization reaction, and a nitrogen protective gas is introduced.
  • a thermal barrier coating with self-repairing and temperature-sensitive functions designed by the present invention includes a three-layer structure, which effectively overcomes the problem of insufficient toughness of traditional thermal barrier coatings and only single protection.
  • the defense strength can be intelligently adjusted and adaptive, and it can have both heat insulation, corrosion resistance and erosion resistance, thereby effectively extending the service life of the coating.
  • Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti series high-entropy alloy is used as the bonding bottom layer to exert the excellent high-temperature stability of the high-entropy alloy.
  • the ceramic layer and The thermal stress between the substrates provides new design ideas for high-performance new thermal barrier coatings.
  • Example 1 The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • Example 1 Example 1:
  • a method for preparing a thermal barrier coating with self-repairing and temperature-sensitive functions includes the following steps:
  • a method for preparing a thermal barrier coating with self-repairing and temperature-sensitive functions includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Prepare a metal sintered mixed material, prepare a yttria stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol, and prepare a ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La-Ce-Zr-O;
  • Step 2 Use the supersonic flame spraying process or explosive spraying process to spray the metal sintered mixed material on the surface of the superalloy to form the bottom layer, and then use the liquid plasma spraying process to spray the yttria stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol on the bottom surface to form an intermediate layer Finally, the plasma spraying process or explosive spraying process is used to spray the ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La-Ce-Zr-O on the surface of the intermediate layer to form a surface layer.
  • the metal sintered mixed material in step 1 is powder, and the ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La-Ce-Zr-O is powder.
  • the sintering preparation method of the above-mentioned metal mixed material includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Select Ni powder, Co powder, Fe powder, Cr powder, Si powder, Al powder and Ti powder with a particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m; Ni powder, Ni powder, Co powder, Fe powder, Cr powder, Si powder, Al powder The mass percentage ratio to Ti powder is 82:6:1:2:0.1:2:6.9; and the powders are mixed uniformly to obtain a mixed powder of Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti;
  • Step 2 Add polyvinyl alcohol powder to the mixed powder obtained in step 1, and the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol powder in the mixed powder is 7-10%, and then heat and stir the mixed powder to obtain the mixed liquid material;
  • Step 3 The mixed liquid material obtained in step 2 is made into a bottom layer powder through a vacuum atomization process, and the particle size of the bottom layer powder is 30 ⁇ m;
  • Step 4 Perform high-temperature sintering of the bottom layer powder in a vacuum sintering furnace, so that the metal elements in the bottom layer powder are reacted and sintered to obtain a metal sintered mixed material.
  • the metal sintered mixed material is ground and screened to obtain a metal sintered mixed powder with a uniform particle size (for example, 30 ⁇ m).
  • the mixed powder obtained in step 1 is ball-milled and mixed in a liquid medium (alcohol) at a rotation speed of 7 rpm/s for 20 hours; then ultrasonic treatment is performed at a frequency of 20 Hz for 0.5 hours; and it is dried at 50° C. for 0.5 hours to obtain Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti mixed powder.
  • a liquid medium alcohol
  • step 2 of the sintering preparation method of the foregoing metal mixed material the heating temperature is 30° C., the stirring is 30 minutes, and the stirring rate is 300 rpm/min.
  • the agitated and mixed liquid material is sprayed and granulated under vacuum conditions to obtain a Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti composite spraying material with a particle size of 30 ⁇ m.
  • step 4 of the sintering preparation method of the above-mentioned metal mixed material the sintering process causes solid solution reaction of Ni, Al, Fe, Cr, and Co.
  • the vacuum degree is 1 ⁇ 10-3pa
  • the heating temperature is 810°C
  • the heating rate is 10°C/min
  • the protective gas is hydrogen
  • the preparation method of the yttria stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Mix Er 2 O 3 and hydrochloric acid (volume concentration 98%) uniformly to obtain a first mixed solution.
  • the mass ratio of Er 2 O 3 to hydrochloric acid is 33:67;
  • Step 2 Mix the zirconium oxide octahydrate ZrOCl 2 ⁇ 8H 2 O, yttrium oxide Y 2 O 3 and deionized water with a mass percentage of 28:1:71 to obtain a second mixed solution;
  • step 1 of the method for preparing the yttria-stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol 2 g of polyethylene glycol dispersant is added, and the mixture is stirred uniformly at a rate of 400 rpm/min, and the stirring time is 30 minutes.
  • step 2 of the method for preparing the yttria-stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol the stirring time of mixing in step 2 is 60 min, the stirring speed is 500 rpm/min, and 30 g of polyethylene glycol dispersant is added.
  • the heating temperature in step 3 of the method for preparing the yttria-stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol is 80° C., and the uniform stirring time is 12 hours.
  • the preparation method of the above-mentioned SiO 2 mixed La 2 Zr 2 O 7 ceramic composite material includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Stir the styrene liquid and the sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 5% uniformly, and obtain the lower layer solution after full reaction and standing for layering; gradually add the lower layer solution to the trimethylammonium chloride solution, A mixed solution of trimethylammonium chloride and styrene is obtained; the aqueous solution of azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride is added to the mixed solution of trimethylammonium chloride and styrene, and the mixture is stirred and polymerized to obtain a styrene microsphere emulsion; Ethylene microsphere emulsion, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide powder and ammonia are mixed uniformly, and then ethyl orthosilicate is gradually added to react to obtain a mixed solution containing SiO 2 ;
  • La 2 O 3 powder, CeO 2 powder and hydrochloric acid in a mass ratio of 23:5:72, uniformly and fully reacted to obtain a La 2 Ce 2 O 7 mixed solution;
  • Step 3 Centrifugal sedimentation of the mixed emulsion to obtain sediments, filter, wash and dry the sediments, and calcinate the dried sediments at a calcination temperature of 530°C to obtain a ceramic composite material.
  • the ceramic composite material is ground and sieved to obtain a ceramic composite powder of SiO 2 mixed with La-Ce-Zr-O with uniform particle size (for example, 30 ⁇ m).
  • step 1 of the above-mentioned method for preparing a ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La 2 Zr 2 O 7 the styrene liquid and the sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 5% are uniformly stirred and reacted to generate isoprene.
  • step 1 of the above-mentioned preparation method of the ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La 2 Zr 2 O 7 the gradual addition is dropwise addition.
  • step 1 of the preparation method of the above-mentioned SiO 2 mixed La 2 Zr 2 O 7 ceramic composite material the aqueous solution of azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride is added to the mixed solution of trimethylammonium chloride and styrene In the process, polymerization reaction occurs to obtain styrene microsphere emulsion.
  • the ceramic composite material is used to form a surface layer, and the surface layer has a self-repair function.
  • step 1 of the method for preparing the ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La 2 Zr 2 O 7 the aqueous solution of azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride is added to the mixed solution of trimethylammonium chloride and styrene to produce
  • the polymerization reaction obtains the styrene microsphere emulsion, which is equipped with a condensation system during the polymerization reaction, and a nitrogen protective gas is introduced.
  • Step 1 Prepare a metal sintered mixed material, prepare a yttria stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol, and prepare a ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La-Ce-Zr-O;
  • Step 2 Use the supersonic flame spraying process or explosive spraying process to spray the metal sintered mixed material on the surface of the superalloy to form the bottom layer, and then use the liquid plasma spraying process to spray the yttria stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol on the bottom surface to form an intermediate layer Finally, the plasma spraying process or explosive spraying process is used to spray the ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La-Ce-Zr-O on the surface of the intermediate layer to form a surface layer.
  • the metal sintered mixed material in step 1 is powder, and the ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La-Ce-Zr-O is powder.
  • the sintering preparation method of the above-mentioned metal mixed material includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Select Ni powder, Co powder, Fe powder, Cr powder, Si powder, Al powder and Ti powder with a particle size of 0.7 ⁇ m; Ni powder, Ni powder, Co powder, Fe powder, Cr powder, Si powder, Al powder The mass percentage ratio to Ti powder is 83:6:1:2:0.3:2:5.7; and the powders are mixed uniformly to obtain a mixed powder of Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti;
  • Step 2 Add polyvinyl alcohol powder to the mixed powder obtained in step 1, and the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol powder in the mixed powder is 8%, and then heat and stir the mixed powder to obtain a mixed liquid material;
  • Step 3 The mixed liquid material obtained in step 2 is made into a bottom layer powder through a vacuum atomization process, and the bottom layer powder has a particle size of 35 ⁇ m;
  • Step 4 Perform high-temperature sintering of the bottom layer powder in a vacuum sintering furnace, so that the metal elements in the bottom layer powder are reacted and sintered to obtain a metal sintered mixed material.
  • the metal sintered mixed material is ground and screened to obtain a metal sintered mixed powder with a uniform particle size (for example, 40 ⁇ m).
  • the mixed powder obtained in step 1 is ball-milled and mixed in a liquid medium (alcohol) at a rotation speed of 8 rpm/s for 23 hours; then ultrasonic treatment is performed at a frequency of 23 Hz for 0.8 hours; and it is dried at 50° C. for 0.5 hours to obtain Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti mixed powder.
  • a liquid medium alcohol
  • step 2 of the sintering preparation method of the metal mixed material the heating temperature is 50° C., the stirring is 50 minutes, and the stirring rate is 400 rpm/min.
  • the agitated and mixed liquid material is sprayed and granulated under vacuum conditions to obtain a Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti composite spraying material with a particle size of 35 ⁇ m.
  • step 4 of the sintering preparation method of the above-mentioned metal mixed material the sintering process causes solid solution reaction of Ni, Al, Fe, Cr, and Co.
  • the vacuum degree is 1 ⁇ 10-3Pa
  • the heating temperature is 820°C
  • the heating rate is 13°C/min
  • the protective gas is hydrogen.
  • the preparation method of the yttria stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Mix Er 2 O 3 and hydrochloric acid (98% by volume) uniformly to obtain a first mixed solution.
  • the mass ratio of Er 2 O 3 to hydrochloric acid is 35:65;
  • Step 2 Mix the zirconia octahydrate ZrOCl 2 ⁇ 8H 2 O, yttrium oxide Y 2 O 3 and deionized water with a mass percentage of 29:1:70 to obtain a second mixed solution;
  • step 1 of the above-mentioned preparation method of the yttria-stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol 4 g is added in step 1 of the above-mentioned preparation method of the yttria-stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol, and the mixture is stirred uniformly at a rate of 400 rpm/min, and the stirring time is 40 minutes.
  • step 2 of the method for preparing the yttria-stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol the stirring time for mixing in step 2 is 80 min, the stirring speed is 500 rpm/min, and 40 g of polyethylene glycol dispersant is added.
  • the heating temperature in step 3 of the method for preparing the yttria-stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol is 80° C., and the uniform stirring time is 14 hours.
  • the preparation method of the above-mentioned SiO 2 mixed La 2 Zr 2 O 7 ceramic composite material includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Stir the styrene liquid and the sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 6% uniformly, and obtain the lower layer solution after full reaction and standing for stratification; gradually add the lower layer solution to the trimethylammonium chloride solution, A mixed solution of trimethylammonium chloride and styrene is obtained; the aqueous solution of azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride is added to the mixed solution of trimethylammonium chloride and styrene, and the mixture is stirred and polymerized to obtain a styrene microsphere emulsion; Ethylene microsphere emulsion, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide powder and ammonia are mixed uniformly, and then ethyl orthosilicate is gradually added to react to obtain a mixed solution containing SiO 2 ;
  • La 2 O 3 powder, CeO 2 powder and hydrochloric acid in a mass ratio of 26:7:67, uniformly and fully reacted to obtain a La 2 Ce 2 O 7 mixed solution;
  • Step 3 Centrifugal sedimentation of the mixed emulsion to obtain sediment, filter, wash and dry the sediment, and calcinate the dried sediment at a calcination temperature of 550°C to obtain a ceramic composite material.
  • the ceramic composite material is ground and screened to obtain a ceramic composite powder of SiO 2 mixed with La-Ce-Zr-O with uniform particle size (for example, 35 ⁇ m).
  • step 1 of the above-mentioned preparation method of the ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La 2 Zr 2 O 7 the styrene liquid and the sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 6% are uniformly stirred and reacted to generate isoprene.
  • step 1 of the above-mentioned preparation method of the ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La 2 Zr 2 O 7 the gradual addition is dropwise addition.
  • step 1 of the preparation method of the above-mentioned SiO 2 mixed La 2 Zr 2 O 7 ceramic composite material the aqueous solution of azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride is added to the mixed solution of trimethylammonium chloride and styrene In the process, polymerization reaction occurs to obtain styrene microsphere emulsion.
  • the ceramic composite material is used to form a surface layer, and the surface layer has a self-repair function.
  • step 1 of the method for preparing the ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La 2 Zr 2 O 7 the aqueous solution of azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride is added to the mixed solution of trimethylammonium chloride and styrene to produce
  • the polymerization reaction obtains the styrene microsphere emulsion, which is equipped with a condensation system during the polymerization reaction, and a nitrogen protective gas is introduced.
  • Step 1 Prepare a metal sintered mixed material, prepare a yttria stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol, and prepare a ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La-Ce-Zr-O;
  • Step 2 Use the supersonic flame spraying process or explosive spraying process to spray the metal sintered mixed material on the surface of the superalloy to form the bottom layer, and then use the liquid plasma spraying process to spray the yttria stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol on the bottom surface to form an intermediate layer Finally, the plasma spraying process or explosive spraying process is used to spray the ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La-Ce-Zr-O on the surface of the intermediate layer to form a surface layer.
  • the metal sintered mixed material in step 1 is powder, and the ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La-Ce-Zr-O is powder.
  • the sintering preparation method of the above-mentioned metal mixed material includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Select Ni powder, Co powder, Fe powder, Cr powder, Si powder, Al powder and Ti powder with a particle size of 1 ⁇ m; Ni powder, Ni powder, Co powder, Fe powder, Cr powder, Si powder, Al powder and The mass percentage ratio of Ti powder is 84:7:2:3:0.5:3:0.5; and the powders are mixed uniformly to obtain a mixed powder of Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti;
  • Step 2 Add polyvinyl alcohol powder to the mixed powder obtained in step 1, and the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol powder in the mixed powder is 7-10%, and then heat and stir the mixed powder to obtain the mixed liquid material;
  • Step 3 The mixed liquid material obtained in step 2 is made into a bottom layer powder through a vacuum atomization process, and the bottom layer powder has a particle size of 40 ⁇ m;
  • Step 4 Perform high-temperature sintering of the bottom layer powder in a vacuum sintering furnace, so that the metal elements in the bottom layer powder are reacted and sintered to obtain a metal sintered mixed material.
  • the metal sintered mixed material is ground and screened to obtain a metal sintered mixed powder with a uniform particle size (for example, 45 ⁇ m).
  • the mixed powder obtained in step 1 is ball-milled and mixed in a liquid medium (alcohol) at a speed of 10 rpm/s for 25 hours; then ultrasonic treatment is performed at a frequency of 25 Hz for 1 hour; and it is dried at 60° C. for 1 hour to obtain Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti mixed powder.
  • a liquid medium alcohol
  • step 2 of the sintering preparation method of the metal mixed material the heating temperature is 60° C., the stirring is 60 min, and the stirring rate is 500 rpm/min.
  • the agitated and mixed liquid material is sprayed and granulated under vacuum conditions to obtain a Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti composite spraying material with a particle size of 40 ⁇ m.
  • step 4 of the sintering preparation method of the above-mentioned metal mixed material the sintering process causes solid solution reaction of Ni, Al, Fe, Cr, and Co.
  • the vacuum degree is 1 ⁇ 10-3Pa
  • the heating temperature is 830°C
  • the heating rate is 15°C/min
  • the protective gas is hydrogen.
  • the preparation method of the yttria stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Mix Er 2 O 3 and hydrochloric acid (volume concentration 98%) uniformly to obtain a first mixed solution.
  • the mass ratio of Er 2 O 3 to hydrochloric acid is 37:67;
  • Step 2 Mix the zirconium oxide octahydrate ZrOCl 2 ⁇ 8H 2 O, yttrium oxide Y 2 O 3 and deionized water with a mass percentage of 30:1:69 to obtain a second mixed solution;
  • step 1 of the method for preparing the yttria-stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol 5 g of polyethylene glycol dispersant is added, and the mixture is uniformly stirred at a rate of 400 rpm/min, and the stirring time is 50 minutes.
  • step 2 of the method for preparing the yttria-stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol the stirring time for mixing in step 2 is 90 min, the stirring speed is 500 rpm/min, and 50 g polyethylene glycol dispersant is added.
  • the heating temperature in step 3 of the method for preparing the yttria-stabilized zirconia YSZ precursor sol is 80° C., and the uniform stirring time is 15 hours.
  • the preparation method of the above-mentioned SiO 2 mixed La 2 Zr 2 O 7 ceramic composite material includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Stir the styrene liquid and the sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 7% uniformly, and obtain the lower layer solution after full reaction and standing for stratification; gradually add the lower layer solution to the trimethylammonium chloride solution, A mixed solution of trimethylammonium chloride and styrene is obtained; the aqueous solution of azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride is added to the mixed solution of trimethylammonium chloride and styrene, and the mixture is stirred and polymerized to obtain a styrene microsphere emulsion; Ethylene microsphere emulsion, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide powder and ammonia are mixed uniformly, and then ethyl orthosilicate is gradually added to react to obtain a mixed solution containing SiO 2 ;
  • La 2 O 3 powder, CeO 2 powder and hydrochloric acid in a mass ratio of 28:8:64, uniformly and fully reacted to obtain a La 2 Ce 2 O 7 mixed solution;
  • Step 3 Centrifugal sedimentation of the mixed emulsion to obtain sediments, filter, wash and dry the sediments, and calcinate the dried sediments at a calcination temperature of 580°C to obtain a ceramic composite material.
  • the ceramic composite material is ground and sieved to obtain a ceramic composite powder of SiO 2 mixed with La-Ce-Zr-O with uniform particle size (for example, 40 ⁇ m).
  • step 1 of the above-mentioned preparation method of the ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La 2 Zr 2 O 7 the styrene liquid and the sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 7% are uniformly stirred and reacted to generate isoprene.
  • step 1 of the above-mentioned preparation method of the ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La 2 Zr 2 O 7 the gradual addition is dropwise addition.
  • step 1 of the preparation method of the above-mentioned SiO 2 mixed La 2 Zr 2 O 7 ceramic composite material the aqueous solution of azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride is added to the mixed solution of trimethylammonium chloride and styrene In the process, polymerization reaction occurs to obtain styrene microsphere emulsion.
  • the ceramic composite material is used to form a surface layer, and the surface layer has a self-repair function.
  • step 1 of the method for preparing the ceramic composite material of SiO 2 mixed with La 2 Zr 2 O 7 the aqueous solution of azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride is added to the mixed solution of trimethylammonium chloride and styrene to produce
  • the polymerization reaction obtains the styrene microsphere emulsion, which is equipped with a condensation system during the polymerization reaction, and a nitrogen protective gas is introduced.

Abstract

一种具有自修复和温敏功能的热障涂层的制备方法，涂层材料包括制备Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti金属烧结混合材料，制备Er 3+改性的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶，制备SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合材料；涂层制备方法包括采用超音速火焰喷涂工艺或爆炸喷涂工艺将金属烧结混合材料喷涂在高温合金表面形成底层，然后采用液料等离子喷涂工艺将氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶喷涂在底层表面形成中间层，最后采用等离子喷涂工艺或爆炸喷涂工艺将SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合材料喷涂在中间层表面形成表层。有益之处在于采用高熵合金底层可以提高底层的耐高温性能和结合强度。采用稀土离子共掺杂的温敏热障涂层作为中间层，利用Er 3+稀土元素发光性能与温度的映射关系，可实时监控涂层内部温度的变化趋势。采用SiO 2修复剂微囊复合于La-Ce-Zr-O涂层作为表层，在涂层产生裂纹失效时由于应力作用使微囊破裂，SiO 2修复剂流出，在高温条件下生成氧化产物对陶瓷材料中的裂纹进行一定量的填充，可实现自修复功能。

Description

一种具有自修复和温敏功能的热障涂层的制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于航空发动机叶片防护用的温度检测、自修复热障涂层材料技术领域，具体涉及一种具有自修复和温敏功能的热障涂层的制备方法。
背景技术
热障涂层作为燃气轮机热端部件的防护涂层，可以大大的提高燃气轮机的服役寿命与服役温度。但在持续的高温环境下，导致陶瓷层和基体之间的结合强度下降，进而导致陶瓷层逐渐剥落。因此，需要一种既可以减缓高温下陶瓷层与基体间的热应力，又具有较强高温稳定性的可以增加基体与陶瓷层之间结合强度的新型粘结层。高熵合金作为一种新兴的高性能合金，其在高温下表现为优秀的组织稳定性，可以利用高熵合金的高温稳定性及其在高温下形成的具有粘结性质的耐高温氧化物，一方面提高粘结层的耐高温性能，另外可以提高陶瓷层与基体的结合强度。
另外，热障涂层寿命很大程度上依赖于温度变化，其在服役过程中表面温度Ts要比基底界面温度Tb高得多，沿涂层厚度方向上的温度差(Ts-Tb)是导致涂层产生垂直裂纹和界面剥离的重要因素。但是涂层内部温度的准确测量却难以实现。目前在高温环境下采用的测温技术主要有示温漆、红外测温、热电偶测温。示温漆是一种温度敏感涂料，涂敷在零件表面，依靠在特定温度范围内呈现特定颜色来指示零件表面温度及温度分布，但是其精度一般，误差±50℃以上，测温＜800℃，不能适用于热障涂层的高温环境。红外测温技术属于非接触式测温，测温范围广、不会破坏被测对象的温度场、反应速率快，但其易受到物体发射率、测量距离、烟尘等外界因素的影响，测量误差较大，在高温环境下尤为严重。热电偶是一种利用热电效应的接触式测温法，虽然操作简单，测量精度高，但因测温元件必须与被测介质相接触，在一定时间内达到热平衡才能实现测温目的，所以存在延迟现象，且无法监测涂层内部温度。综上所述，目前的测温方式都无法胜任这一工作。近年来，基于物质光学响应温度特性的荧光测温技术迅速发展，通过在热障涂层内部掺杂稀土荧光元素，当热障涂层经过不同温度环境服役后，荧光材料的光谱宽度、荧光强度、荧光寿命会随之发生相应改变，因而可以研究其与温度的关联性实现对热障涂层服役温度实时监测的目的。因此，本发明提出采用液料等离子喷涂技术制备稀土离子共掺杂的温敏热障涂层，利用稀土元素发光性能与温度 的映射关系，可实时监控涂层内部温度的变化趋势。通过在热障涂层各层掺杂不同含量的稀土荧光示踪离子，当热障涂层经过高温环境服役后，研究其与温度耦合影响关系实现对涂层深度范围内服役温度实时监测的目的.
近年来具有类生物特性的自愈合技术研究开始逐步受到关注，仿生结构的材料成为材料自愈合的一个新的研究方向，有研究发现利用血管凝块自愈合现象研发高温发汗半主动防热材料和制备含有微胶囊或空芯纤维管以及仿毛细血管结构的聚合物自愈合材料将作为军用装备的自修复、自愈合材料裂纹的研究方向。因此，我国也应尽快加大对自愈合功能的空天飞行器防热材料。
因此，针对热应力导致的裂纹难以准确定位并实时修复的难题，本发明参照模仿人体修复细胞自愈合修复的理念，同时将SiO 2修复剂微囊复合于La-Ce-Zr-O涂层中，在涂层产生裂纹失效时由于应力作用使微囊破裂，修复剂流出，在高温条件下生成氧化产物对陶瓷材料中的裂纹进行一定量的填充，可实现自修复功能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：提供智能自修复的温敏热障涂层材料的设计及制备方法。
本发明的技术方案是：
提供一种具有自修复和温敏功能的热障涂层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、制备金属烧结混合材料，制备氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶，制备SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合材料；
步骤2、采用超音速火焰喷涂工艺或爆炸喷涂工艺将金属烧结混合材料喷涂在高温合金表面形成底层，然后采用液料等离子喷涂工艺将氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶喷涂在底层表面形成中间层，最后采用等离子喷涂工艺或爆炸喷涂工艺将SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合材料喷涂在中间层表面形成表层。
爆炸喷涂工艺通过调节氧气/乙炔/丙烷之间比例、叠枪率、喷涂距离等，可以保证Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti的混合粉末喷涂形成合金底层有较高的高熵成分含量，同时也可以保证SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合材料形成表层过程中对SiO 2微胶囊的损失最小，可以更大程度的发挥高熵合金底层优异的抗高温氧化特性和抗应变冲击性能，发挥SiO 2微胶囊在La-Ce-Zr-O陶瓷面层中的自修复功能。
进一步的，步骤1中的金属烧结混合材料为粉体，SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合材料为粉体。
上述的金属混合材料的烧结制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、选取粒度为0.5～1μm的Ni粉末、Co粉末、Fe粉末、Cr粉末、Si粉末、Al粉末和Ti粉末；Ni粉，Ni粉末、Co粉末、Fe粉末、Cr粉末、Si粉末、Al粉末和Ti粉末的质量百分数比值为(82～84)∶(6～7)∶(1～2)∶(2～3)∶(0.1～0.5)∶(2～3)∶(0.5～6.9)；并且将各粉末混合均匀，得到Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti的混合粉末；
步骤2、向步骤1获得的混合粉末中添加聚乙烯醇粉末，聚乙烯醇粉末在混合粉末中的质量比为7～10％，然后对混合粉末进行加热和搅拌，得到的混合液料；
步骤3、将步骤2得到的混合液料通过真空雾化工艺制成底层粉末，所述底层粉末粒径为30μm～40μm；
步骤4、将所述底层粉末在真空烧结炉中进行高温烧结处理，使得所述底层粉末中的金属元素发生反应烧结，得到金属烧结混合材料。
进一步的，对所述金属烧结混合材料进行研磨和筛选，得到粒径均匀的(例如，30～45μm)金属烧结混合粉体。
进一步的，将步骤1获得的混合粉末于液态介质(酒精)中球磨混合，转速7～10rpm/s，混合20～25小时；随后在20～25Hz频率下超声处理0.5～1小时；于50～60℃下烘干处理0.5～1小时，得Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti的混合粉末。
进一步的，上述的金属混合材料的烧结制备方法的步骤2中加热温度为30～60℃，搅拌30～60min，搅拌速率300～500rpm/min。将搅拌混合后的液料在真空条件下进行喷雾造粒，获得粒径为30μm～40μm的Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti复合喷涂材料。
进一步的，上述的金属混合材料的烧结制备方法的步骤4中烧结处理使得Ni、Al、Fe、Cr、Co发生固溶反应。
进一步的，上述的金属混合材料的烧结制备方法的步骤4的真空烧结中，真空度为1×10-3Pa，加热温度为810～830℃，升温速率10～15℃/min，保护气体为氯气，
上述的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将Er 2O 3与盐酸(体积浓度98％)混合均匀，得到第一混合溶液，Er 2O 3与盐酸的质量比为(33～37)∶(63～67)；
步骤2、将质量百分比为28～30∶1∶69～71的八水氧化锆ZrOCl 2·8H 2O、氧化钇Y 2O 3和去离子水混合均匀，得到第二混合溶液；
步骤3、制备PH＝10的氨水，将氨水作为反应底液逐渐滴加到所述第一混合溶液和所述第二混合溶液中，同时对第一混合溶液和第二混合溶液进行加热，得到PH＝3～6的Er 3+的氧 化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶。
进一步的，上述的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶的制备方法的步骤1中还加入2g～5g的聚乙二醇分散剂，并以400rpm/min速率搅拌均匀，搅拌时间为30min～50min。
进一步的，上述的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶的制备方法的步骤2中混合的搅拌时间为60～90min，搅拌转速为500rmp/min，且添加有30g～50g聚乙二醇分散剂。
进一步的，上述的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶的制备方法的步骤3的加热温度为80℃，均匀搅拌的时间为12～15h。
上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将苯乙烯液体与质量分数为5～7％的氢氧化钠溶液搅拌均匀，并经过充分反应和静置分层后，获取下层溶液；在三甲氯化铵溶液中逐渐加入所述下层溶液，获得三甲氯化铵与苯乙烯混合溶液；将偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐的水溶液加入三甲氯化铵与苯乙烯混合溶液中，搅拌均匀发生聚合反应获得苯乙烯微球乳液；将苯乙烯微球乳液、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵粉末和氨水混合均匀，然后逐渐加入正硅酸乙酯进行反应，获得含有SiO 2的混合溶液；
将La 2O 3粉末、CeO 2粉末和盐酸以质量比为23～28∶5～8∶64～72进行混合，均匀并充分反应后得到La 2Ce 2O 7混合溶液；
将八水氧化锆和去离子水混合均匀，得到氧化锆水溶液；
步骤2、将SiO 2的混合溶液、La 2Ce 2O 7混合溶液和氧化锆水溶液混合均匀，在其中逐渐加入氨水，充分反应得到PH＝3～6的SiO 2与La-Ce-Zr-O的混合乳液。
步骤3、对所述混合乳液进行离心沉降，获得沉降物，并对沉降物进行过滤、清洗和干燥，对干燥后的沉降物进行煅烧，煅烧温度为530～580℃，得到陶瓷复合材料。
进一步的，对所述陶瓷复合材料进行研磨和筛选，得到粒径均匀的(例如，30～40μm)SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合粉体。
进一步的，上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法的步骤1，苯乙烯液体与质量分数为5～7％的氢氧化钠溶液搅拌均匀反应中生成有异戊二烯。
进一步的，上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法的步骤1，所述的逐渐加入为滴加。
进一步的，上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法的步骤1，所述的偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐的水溶液加入三甲氯化铵与苯乙烯混合溶液中，发生聚合反应获得苯乙烯微球乳液。
进一步的，所述陶瓷复合材料用于形成表层，所述表层具有自修复功能。
进一步的，上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法的步骤1，偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐的水溶液加入三甲氯化铵与苯乙烯混合溶液中，发生聚合反应获得苯乙烯微球乳液，在聚合反应过程中配备冷凝系统，且通入氮气保护气。
本发明的优点是：
1、本发明设计的一种具有自修复和温敏功能的热障涂层，包括三层结构，有效的克服了传统热障涂层韧性不足、只能单一防护的难题。通过发动机涡轮叶片所处环境热冲击强度不同，可进行智能自适应调节防御强度，可兼具隔热耐蚀和抗冲蚀性能，从而有效延长涂层的使用寿命。
2、采用Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti系的高熵合金作为粘结底层，发挥高熵合金优异的高温稳定性，通过耦合自适应的防护机制，减缓高温下陶瓷层与基体间的热应力，为高性能新型热障涂层提供新的设计思路。
3、采用Er 3+的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ作为中间层，利用Er 3+的荧光强度随温度变化的关联性，将其应用于热障涂层的服役温度监控。通过研究“荧光强度-服役温度-荧光寿命”之间的耦合映射关系，可准确评估热障涂层的高温服役健康状况和剩余寿命。
4、采用SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷表层，参照模仿人体细胞破裂自愈合修复的理念，基于SiO 2微囊包覆修复剂实现热障涂层开裂自修复愈合的目的。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。实施例l：
一种具有自修复和温敏功能的热障涂层的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
提供一种具有自修复和温敏功能的热障涂层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、制备金属烧结混合材料，制备氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶，制备SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合材料；
步骤2、采用超音速火焰喷涂工艺或爆炸喷涂工艺将金属烧结混合材料喷涂在高温合金表面形成底层，然后采用液料等离子喷涂工艺将氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶喷涂在底层表面形成中间层，最后采用等离子喷涂工艺或爆炸喷涂工艺将SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合材料喷涂在中间层表面形成表层。
进一步的，步骤1中的金属烧结混合材料为粉体，SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合材料为粉体。
上述的金属混合材料的烧结制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、选取粒度为0.5μm的Ni粉末、Co粉末、Fe粉末、Cr粉末、Si粉末、Al粉末和Ti粉末；Ni粉，Ni粉末、Co粉末、Fe粉末、Cr粉末、Si粉末、Al粉末和Ti粉末的质量百分数比值为82∶6∶1∶2∶0.1∶2∶6.9；并且将各粉末混合均匀，得到Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti的混合粉末；
步骤2、向步骤1获得的混合粉末中添加聚乙烯醇粉末，聚乙烯醇粉末在混合粉末中的质量比为7～10％，然后对混合粉末进行加热和搅拌，得到的混合液料；
步骤3、将步骤2得到的混合液料通过真空雾化工艺制成底层粉末，所述底层粉末粒径为30μm；
步骤4、将所述底层粉末在真空烧结炉中进行高温烧结处理，使得所述底层粉末中的金属元素发生反应烧结，得到金属烧结混合材料。
进一步的，对所述金属烧结混合材料进行研磨和筛选，得到粒径均匀的(例如，30μm)金属烧结混合粉体。
进一步的，将步骤1获得的混合粉末于液态介质(酒精)中球磨混合，转速7rpm/s，混合20小时；随后在20Hz频率下超声处理0.5小时；于50℃下烘干处理0.5小时，得Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti的混合粉末。
进一步的，上述的金属混合材料的烧结制备方法的步骤2中加热温度为30℃，搅拌30min，搅拌速率300rpm/min。将搅拌混合后的液料在真空条件下进行喷雾造粒，获得粒径为30μm的Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti复合喷涂材料。
进一步的，上述的金属混合材料的烧结制备方法的步骤4中烧结处理使得Ni、Al、Fe、Cr、Co发生固溶反应。
进一步的，上述的金属混合材料的烧结制备方法的步骤4的真空烧结中，真空度为1×10-3pa，加热温度为810℃，升温速率10℃/min，保护气体为氢气，
上述的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将Er 2O 3与盐酸(体积浓度98％)混合均匀，得到第一混合溶液，Er 2O 3与盐酸的质量比为33∶67；
步骤2、将质量百分比为28∶1∶71的八水氧化锆ZrOCl 2·8H 2O、氧化钇Y 2O 3和去离子水混合均匀，得到第二混合溶液；
步骤3、制备PH＝10的氨水，将氨水作为反应底液逐渐滴加到所述第一混合溶液和所述第二混合溶液中，同时对第一混合溶液和第二混合溶液进行加热，得到PH＝3的Er 3+的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶。
进一步的，上述的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶的制备方法的步骤1中还加入2g的聚乙二醇分散剂，并以400rpm/min速率搅拌均匀，搅拌时间为30min。
进一步的，上述的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶的制备方法的步骤2中混合的搅拌时间为60min，搅拌转速为500rmp/min，且添加有30g聚乙二醇分散剂。
进一步的，上述的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶的制备方法的步骤3的加热温度为80℃，均匀搅拌的时间为12h。
上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将苯乙烯液体与质量分数为5％的氢氧化钠溶液搅拌均匀，并经过充分反应和静置分层后，获取下层溶液；在三甲氯化铵溶液中逐渐加入所述下层溶液，获得三甲氯化铵与苯乙烯混合溶液；将偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐的水溶液加入三甲氯化铵与苯乙烯混合溶液中，搅拌均匀发生聚合反应获得苯乙烯微球乳液；将苯乙烯微球乳液、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵粉末和氨水混合均匀，然后逐渐加入正硅酸乙酯进行反应，获得含有SiO 2的混合溶液；
将La 2O 3粉末、CeO 2粉末和盐酸以质量比为23∶5∶72进行混合，均匀并充分反应后得到La 2Ce 2O 7混合溶液；
将八水氧化锆和去离子水混合均匀，得到氧化锆水溶液；
步骤2、将SiO 2的混合溶液、La 2Ce 2O 7混合溶液和氧化锆水溶液混合均匀，在其中逐渐加入氨水，充分反应得到PH＝3的SiO 2与La-Ce-Zr-O的混合乳液。
步骤3、对所述混合乳液进行离心沉降，获得沉降物，并对沉降物进行过滤、清洗和干燥，对干燥后的沉降物进行煅烧，煅烧温度为530℃，得到陶瓷复合材料。
进一步的，对所述陶瓷复合材料进行研磨和筛选，得到粒径均匀的(例如，30μm)SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合粉体。
进一步的，上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法的步骤1，苯乙烯液体与质量分数为5％的氢氧化钠溶液搅拌均匀反应中生成有异戊二烯。
进一步的，上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法的步骤1，所述的逐渐加入为滴加。
进一步的，上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法的步骤1，所述的偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐的水溶液加入三甲氯化铵与苯乙烯混合溶液中，发生聚合反应获得苯乙烯 微球乳液。
进一步的，所述陶瓷复合材料用于形成表层，所述表层具有自修复功能。
进一步的，上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法的步骤1，偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐的水溶液加入三甲氯化铵与苯乙烯混合溶液中，发生聚合反应获得苯乙烯微球乳液，在聚合反应过程中配备冷凝系统，且通入氮气保护气。
实施例2：
在上述实施例的基础上，本实施例步骤为：
步骤1、制备金属烧结混合材料，制备氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶，制备SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合材料；
步骤2、采用超音速火焰喷涂工艺或爆炸喷涂工艺将金属烧结混合材料喷涂在高温合金表面形成底层，然后采用液料等离子喷涂工艺将氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶喷涂在底层表面形成中间层，最后采用等离子喷涂工艺或爆炸喷涂工艺将SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合材料喷涂在中间层表面形成表层。
进一步的，步骤1中的金属烧结混合材料为粉体，SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合材料为粉体。
上述的金属混合材料的烧结制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、选取粒度为0.7μm的Ni粉末、Co粉末、Fe粉末、Cr粉末、Si粉末、Al粉末和Ti粉末；Ni粉，Ni粉末、Co粉末、Fe粉末、Cr粉末、Si粉末、Al粉末和Ti粉末的质量百分数比值为83∶6∶1∶2∶0.3∶2∶5.7；并且将各粉末混合均匀，得到Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti的混合粉末；
步骤2、向步骤1获得的混合粉末中添加聚乙烯醇粉末，聚乙烯醇粉末在混合粉末中的质量比为8％，然后对混合粉末进行加热和搅拌，得到的混合液料；
步骤3、将步骤2得到的混合液料通过真空雾化工艺制成底层粉末，所述底层粉末粒径为35μm；
步骤4、将所述底层粉末在真空烧结炉中进行高温烧结处理，使得所述底层粉末中的金属元素发生反应烧结，得到金属烧结混合材料。
进一步的，对所述金属烧结混合材料进行研磨和筛选，得到粒径均匀的(例如，40μm)金属烧结混合粉体。
进一步的，将步骤1获得的混合粉末于液态介质(酒精)中球磨混合，转速8rpm/s，混合23小时；随后在23Hz频率下超声处理0.8小时；于50℃下烘干处理0.5小时，得Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti的混合粉末。
进一步的，上述的金属混合材料的烧结制备方法的步骤2中加热温度为50℃，搅拌50min，搅拌速率400rpm/min。将搅拌混合后的液料在真空条件下进行喷雾造粒，获得粒径为35μm的Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti复合喷涂材料。
进一步的，上述的金属混合材料的烧结制备方法的步骤4中烧结处理使得Ni、Al、Fe、Cr、Co发生固溶反应。
进一步的，上述的金属混合材料的烧结制备方法的步骤4的真空烧结中，真空度为1×10-3Pa，加热温度为820℃，升温速率13℃/min，保护气体为氢气，
上述的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将Er 2O 3与盐酸(体积浓度98％)混合均匀，得到第一混合溶液，Er 2O 3与盐酸的质量比为35∶65；
步骤2、将质量百分比为29∶1∶70的八水氧化锆ZrOCl 2·8H 2O、氧化钇Y 2O 3和去离子水混合均匀，得到第二混合溶液；
步骤3、制备PH＝10的氨水，将氨水作为反应底液逐渐滴加到所述第一混合溶液和所述第二混合溶液中，同时对第一混合溶液和第二混合溶液进行加热，得到PH＝3～6的Er 3+的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶。
进一步的，上述的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶的制备方法的步骤1中还加入4g的聚乙二醇分散剂，并以400rpm/min速率搅拌均匀，搅拌时间为40min。
进一步的，上述的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶的制备方法的步骤2中混合的搅拌时间为80min，搅拌转速为500rmp/min，且添加有40g聚乙二醇分散剂。
进一步的，上述的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶的制备方法的步骤3的加热温度为80℃，均匀搅拌的时间为14h。
上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将苯乙烯液体与质量分数为6％的氢氧化钠溶液搅拌均匀，并经过充分反应和静置分层后，获取下层溶液；在三甲氯化铵溶液中逐渐加入所述下层溶液，获得三甲氯化铵与苯乙烯混合溶液；将偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐的水溶液加入三甲氯化铵与苯乙烯混合溶液中，搅拌均匀发生聚合反应获得苯乙烯微球乳液；将苯乙烯微球乳液、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵粉末和氨水混合均匀，然后逐渐加入正硅酸乙酯进行反应，获得含有SiO 2的混合溶液；
将La 2O 3粉末、CeO 2粉末和盐酸以质量比为26∶7∶67进行混合，均匀并充分反应后得到La 2Ce 2O 7混合溶液；
将八水氧化锆和去离子水混合均匀，得到氧化锆水溶液；
步骤2、将SiO 2的混合溶液、La 2Ce 2O 7混合溶液和氧化锆水溶液混合均匀，在其中逐渐加入氨水，充分反应得到PH＝5的SiO 2与La-Ce-Zr-O的混合乳液。
步骤3、对所述混合乳液进行离心沉降，获得沉降物，并对沉降物进行过滤、清洗和干燥，对干燥后的沉降物进行煅烧，煅烧温度为550℃，得到陶瓷复合材料。
进一步的，对所述陶瓷复合材料进行研磨和筛选，得到粒径均匀的(例如，35μm)SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合粉体。
进一步的，上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法的步骤1，苯乙烯液体与质量分数为6％的氢氧化钠溶液搅拌均匀反应中生成有异戊二烯。
进一步的，上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法的步骤1，所述的逐渐加入为滴加。
进一步的，上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法的步骤1，所述的偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐的水溶液加入三甲氯化铵与苯乙烯混合溶液中，发生聚合反应获得苯乙烯微球乳液。
进一步的，所述陶瓷复合材料用于形成表层，所述表层具有自修复功能。
进一步的，上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法的步骤1，偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐的水溶液加入三甲氯化铵与苯乙烯混合溶液中，发生聚合反应获得苯乙烯微球乳液，在聚合反应过程中配备冷凝系统，且通入氮气保护气。
实施例3：
在上述实施例的基础上，本实施例步骤为：
步骤1、制备金属烧结混合材料，制备氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶，制备SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合材料；
步骤2、采用超音速火焰喷涂工艺或爆炸喷涂工艺将金属烧结混合材料喷涂在高温合金表面形成底层，然后采用液料等离子喷涂工艺将氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶喷涂在底层表面形成中间层，最后采用等离子喷涂工艺或爆炸喷涂工艺将SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合材料喷涂在中间层表面形成表层。
进一步的，步骤1中的金属烧结混合材料为粉体，SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合材料为粉体。
上述的金属混合材料的烧结制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、选取粒度为1μm的Ni粉末、Co粉末、Fe粉末、Cr粉末、Si粉末、Al粉末和Ti粉末；Ni粉，Ni粉末、Co粉末、Fe粉末、Cr粉末、Si粉末、Al粉末和Ti粉末的质量百分数比值为84∶7∶2∶3∶0.5∶3∶0.5；并且将各粉末混合均匀，得到Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti的混合粉末；
步骤2、向步骤1获得的混合粉末中添加聚乙烯醇粉末，聚乙烯醇粉末在混合粉末中的质量比为7～10％，然后对混合粉末进行加热和搅拌，得到的混合液料；
步骤3、将步骤2得到的混合液料通过真空雾化工艺制成底层粉末，所述底层粉末粒径为40μm；
步骤4、将所述底层粉末在真空烧结炉中进行高温烧结处理，使得所述底层粉末中的金属元素发生反应烧结，得到金属烧结混合材料。
进一步的，对所述金属烧结混合材料进行研磨和筛选，得到粒径均匀的(例如，45μm)金属烧结混合粉体。
进一步的，将步骤1获得的混合粉末于液态介质(酒精)中球磨混合，转速10rpm/s，混合25小时；随后在25Hz频率下超声处理1小时；于60℃下烘干处理1小时，得Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti的混合粉末。
进一步的，上述的金属混合材料的烧结制备方法的步骤2中加热温度为60℃，搅拌60min，搅拌速率500rpm/min。将搅拌混合后的液料在真空条件下进行喷雾造粒，获得粒径为40μm的Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti复合喷涂材料。
进一步的，上述的金属混合材料的烧结制备方法的步骤4中烧结处理使得Ni、Al、Fe、Cr、Co发生固溶反应。
进一步的，上述的金属混合材料的烧结制备方法的步骤4的真空烧结中，真空度为1×10-3Pa，加热温度为830℃，升温速率15℃/min，保护气体为氢气，
上述的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将Er 2O 3与盐酸(体积浓度98％)混合均匀，得到第一混合溶液，Er 2O 3与盐酸的质量比为37∶67；
步骤2、将质量百分比为30∶1∶69的八水氧化锆ZrOCl 2·8H 2O、氧化钇Y 2O 3和去离子水混合均匀，得到第二混合溶液；
步骤3、制备PH＝10的氨水，将氨水作为反应底液逐渐滴加到所述第一混合溶液和所述第二混合溶液中，同时对第一混合溶液和第二混合溶液进行加热，得到PH＝6的Er 3+的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶。
进一步的，上述的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶的制备方法的步骤1中还加入5g的聚乙二醇分散剂，并以400rpm/min速率搅拌均匀，搅拌时间为50min。
进一步的，上述的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶的制备方法的步骤2中混合的搅拌时间为90min，搅拌转速为500rmp/min，且添加有50g聚乙二醇分散剂。
进一步的，上述的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶的制备方法的步骤3的加热温度为80℃，均匀搅拌的时间为15h。
上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将苯乙烯液体与质量分数为7％的氢氧化钠溶液搅拌均匀，并经过充分反应和静置分层后，获取下层溶液；在三甲氯化铵溶液中逐渐加入所述下层溶液，获得三甲氯化铵与苯乙烯混合溶液；将偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐的水溶液加入三甲氯化铵与苯乙烯混合溶液中，搅拌均匀发生聚合反应获得苯乙烯微球乳液；将苯乙烯微球乳液、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵粉末和氨水混合均匀，然后逐渐加入正硅酸乙酯进行反应，获得含有SiO 2的混合溶液；
将La 2O 3粉末、CeO 2粉末和盐酸以质量比为28∶8∶64进行混合，均匀并充分反应后得到La 2Ce 2O 7混合溶液；
将八水氧化锆和去离子水混合均匀，得到氧化锆水溶液；
步骤2、将SiO 2的混合溶液、La 2Ce 2O 7混合溶液和氧化锆水溶液混合均匀，在其中逐渐加入氨水，充分反应得到PH＝6的SiO 2与La-Ce-Zr-O的混合乳液。
步骤3、对所述混合乳液进行离心沉降，获得沉降物，并对沉降物进行过滤、清洗和干燥，对干燥后的沉降物进行煅烧，煅烧温度为580℃，得到陶瓷复合材料。
进一步的，对所述陶瓷复合材料进行研磨和筛选，得到粒径均匀的(例如，40μm)SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合粉体。
进一步的，上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法的步骤1，苯乙烯液体与质量分数为7％的氢氧化钠溶液搅拌均匀反应中生成有异戊二烯。
进一步的，上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法的步骤1，所述的逐渐加入为滴加。
进一步的，上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法的步骤1，所述的偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐的水溶液加入三甲氯化铵与苯乙烯混合溶液中，发生聚合反应获得苯乙烯 微球乳液。
进一步的，所述陶瓷复合材料用于形成表层，所述表层具有自修复功能。
进一步的，上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法的步骤1，偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐的水溶液加入三甲氯化铵与苯乙烯混合溶液中，发生聚合反应获得苯乙烯微球乳液，在聚合反应过程中配备冷凝系统，且通入氮气保护气。
应当理解的是，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，而所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种具有自修复和温敏功能的热障涂层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1、制备金属烧结混合材料，制备氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶，制备SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合材料；
    步骤2、采用超音速火焰喷涂工艺或爆炸喷涂工艺将金属烧结混合材料喷涂在高温合金表面形成底层，然后采用液料等离子喷涂工艺将氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶喷涂在底层表面形成中间层，最后采用等离子喷涂工艺或爆炸喷涂工艺将SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合材料喷涂在中间层表面形成表层。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种具有自修复和温敏功能的热障涂层的制备方法，其特征在于：。步骤1中的金属烧结混合材料为粉体，SiO2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合材料为粉体。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种具有自修复和温敏功能的热障涂层的制备方法，其特征在于：上述的金属混合材料的烧结制备方法，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1、选取粒度为0.5～1μm的Ni粉末、Co粉末、Fe粉末、Cr粉末、Si粉末、Al粉末和Ti粉末；Ni粉，Ni粉末、Co粉末、Fe粉末、Cr粉末、Si粉末、Al粉末和Ti粉末的质量百分数比值为(82～84)∶(6～7)∶(1～2)∶(2～3)∶(0.1～0.5)∶(2～3)∶(0.5～6.9)；并且将各粉末混合均匀，得到Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Si-Al-Ti的混合粉末；
    步骤2、向步骤1获得的混合粉末中添加聚乙烯醇粉末，聚乙烯醇粉末在混合粉末中的质量比为7～10％，然后对混合粉末进行加热和搅拌，得到的混合液料；
    步骤3、将步骤2得到的混合液料通过真空雾化工艺制成底层粉末，所述底层粉末粒径为30μm～40μm；
    步骤4、将所述底层粉末在真空烧结炉中进行高温烧结处理，使得所述底层粉末中的金属元素发生反应烧结，得到金属烧结混合材料。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种具有自修复和温敏功能的热障涂层的制备方法，其特征在于：对所述金属烧结混合材料进行研磨和筛选，得到粒径均匀的(例如，30～45μm)金属烧结混合粉体。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的一种具有自修复和温敏功能的热障涂层的制备方法，其特征在于：。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种具有自修复和温敏功能的热障涂层的制备方法，其特征在于：上述的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1、将Er 2O 3与盐酸(体积浓度98％)混合均匀，得到第一混合溶液，Er 2O 3与盐酸 的质量比为(33～37)∶(63～67)；
    步骤2、将质量百分比为28～30∶1∶69～71的八水氧化锆ZrOCl 2·8H 2O、氧化钇Y 2O 3和去离子水混合均匀，得到第二混合溶液；
    步骤3、制备PH＝10的氨水，将氨水作为反应底液逐渐滴加到所述第一混合溶液和所述第二混合溶液中，同时对第一混合溶液和第二混合溶液进行加热，得到PH＝3～6的Er 3+的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的一种具有自修复和温敏功能的热障涂层的制备方法，其特征在于：上述的氧化钇稳定氧化锆YSZ前驱体溶胶的制备方法的步骤3的加热温度为80℃，均匀搅拌的时间为12～15h。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的一种具有自修复和温敏功能的热障涂层的制备方法，其特征在于：上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1、将苯乙烯液体与质量分数为5～7％的氢氧化钠溶液搅拌均匀，并经过充分反应和静置分层后，获取下层溶液；在三甲氯化铵溶液中逐渐加入所述下层溶液，获得三甲氯化铵与苯乙烯混合溶液；将偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐的水溶液加入三甲氯化铵与苯乙烯混合溶液中，搅拌均匀发生聚合反应获得苯乙烯微球乳液；将苯乙烯微球乳液、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵粉末和氨水混合均匀，然后逐渐加入正硅酸乙酯进行反应，获得含有SiO 2的混合溶液；
    将La 2O 3粉末、CeO 2粉末和盐酸以质量比为23～28∶5～8∶64～72进行混合，均匀并充分反应后得到La 2Ce 2O 7混合溶液；
    将八水氧化锆和去离子水混合均匀，得到氧化锆水溶液；
    步骤2、将SiO 2的混合溶液、La 2Ce 2O 7混合溶液和氧化锆水溶液混合均匀，在其中逐渐加入氨水，充分反应得到PH＝3～6的SiO 2与La-Ce-Zr-O的混合乳液。
    步骤3、对所述混合乳液进行离心沉降，获得沉降物，并对沉降物进行过滤、清洗和干燥，对干燥后的沉降物进行煅烧，煅烧温度为530～580℃，得到陶瓷复合材料。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的一种具有自修复和温敏功能的热障涂层的制备方法，其特征在于：对所述陶瓷复合材料进行研磨和筛选，得到粒径均匀的(例如，30～40μm)SiO 2混合La-Ce-Zr-O的陶瓷复合粉体。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的一种具有自修复和温敏功能的热障涂层的制备方法，其特征在于：上述的SiO 2混合La 2Zr 2O 7的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法的步骤1，偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐的水溶液加入三甲氯化铵与苯乙烯混合溶液中，发生聚合反应获得苯乙烯微球乳液，在聚合反应过程中配备冷凝系统，且通入氮气保护气。
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