WO2021000067A1 - 一种细胞结合分子-Tubulysin衍生物偶联物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种细胞结合分子-Tubulysin衍生物偶联物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 0 C*NC([C@](CC(C)(C)C*C(C)(C)C(C)(C)OCCO*)N*(*(C)C*(C)N(C(C=C1)O)C1=O)=O)=O Chemical compound C*NC([C@](CC(C)(C)C*C(C)(C)C(C)(C)OCCO*)N*(*(C)C*(C)N(C(C=C1)O)C1=O)=O)=O 0.000 description 33
- SLSOSKGFUOFMCP-SFHVURJKSA-N CC(C)(C)OC(N[C@@H](Cc(cc1)ccc1OCc1ccccc1)C=O)=O Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(N[C@@H](Cc(cc1)ccc1OCc1ccccc1)C=O)=O SLSOSKGFUOFMCP-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJOFAWVJTUZVCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)C(C)=[NH+][I-]S(C(C)(C)C)=O Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)=[NH+][I-]S(C(C)(C)C)=O PJOFAWVJTUZVCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C1NCCC1 Chemical compound O=C1NCCC1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMHXROZMQVZXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N OCNCC(O)O Chemical compound OCNCC(O)O DMHXROZMQVZXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXKZVQBYQWTUJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+](CCNCCC(O)=O)(C=C1)C1=O Chemical compound [O-][N+](CCNCCC(O)=O)(C=C1)C1=O NXKZVQBYQWTUJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A61K47/6889—Conjugates wherein the antibody being the modifying agent and wherein the linker, binder or spacer confers particular properties to the conjugates, e.g. peptidic enzyme-labile linkers or acid-labile linkers, providing for an acid-labile immuno conjugate wherein the drug may be released from its antibody conjugated part in an acidic, e.g. tumoural or environment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to coupling a Tubulysin derivative (homolog) with a cell-binding molecule with a branch-containing (side chain) linker, and the resulting conjugate has better pharmacokinetic properties, thereby enabling more precise targeted killing. Dead abnormal cells.
- the present invention also relates to a method for synthesizing Tubulysin homologues and cell binding agents and the molecules contained therein, as well as methods for using the conjugate to target treatment of cancer, infection and autoimmune diseases.
- Adcetris in the treatment of relapsed or refractory Hodgkin’s lymphoma (Okeley, N. et al. Hematol Oncol. Clin. North. Am, 2014, 28, 13-25; Gopal, A., et al., Blood 2015, 125, 1236-43) and the success of Kadcyla for the treatment of relapsed HER2-positive breast cancer (Peddi, P., Hurvitz, S., Ther. Adv. Med. Oncol. 2014, 6(5), 202-9; Lambert, J . And Chari, R., J. Med. Chem. 2014, 57, 6949-64) proved that antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a very promising cancer targeted therapy.
- ADC antibody-drug conjugate
- Important factors for ADC success include three important components, namely monoclonal antibodies, cytotoxic molecules and linkers, and linker-cytotoxic molecules linking sites (L. Ducry and B Stump, Bioconjugate Chem., 2010 ,21,5-13; GS Hamilton, Biologicals 2015,43,318-32).
- the research on each component of ADC has a history of thirty years.
- the linker needs to be able to react with the specific reactive functional groups on the drug, have stability in the human blood circulatory system, and be easy to release the drug after binding to the antigen and endocytosis.
- the most important thing is that the linker-cytotoxic molecule once After being off-target in the blood circulation, normal tissues cannot be damaged, and the existing connection technology is still limited (Ponte, J.
- T-DM1 A stable (uncleavable) MCC linker is used, which is of great benefit to patients who are HER2 positive with metastatic breast cancer (mBC) or who have received corresponding treatment or HER2 tumor recurrence within six months of adjuvant therapy (Peddi, P. and Hurvitz, S., Ther. Adv. Med. Oncol. 2014, 6(5), 202-209; Piwko C. et al., Clin Drug Investig. 2015, 35(8), 487-93; Lambert, J. and Chari, R., J. Med. Chem. 2014, 57, 6949-64).
- mBC metastatic breast cancer
- T-DM1 has failed as a first-line treatment for patients with HER2-positive unresectable locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
- As a second-line treatment for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer compared with its side effects, it has The benefit for patients is not great (Ellis, PA, et al., J.Clin.Oncol. 2015, 33 (2015 ASCO meeting abstract 507); Shen, K. et al., Sci Rep. 2016, 6, 23262; de Goeij, BE and Lambert, JMCurr Opin Immunol 2016, 40, 14-23; Barrios, CH et al., J Clin Oncol 2016, 34, (2016 ASCO Conference Abstract 593).
- one direction of ADC chemistry research and development is to expand the linker-cytotoxic agent component and coupling chemistry, not only using a single cytotoxic agent, but also solving the ADC linker-cell
- the problem of the activity of toxic agents against target diseases (Lambert, JM Ther Deliv 2016, 7, 279-82; Zhao, RY et al., 2011, J. Med. Chem. 54, 3606-23).
- Many drug developers and academic institutions have concentrated their efforts to develop new and reliable specific coupling linkers, site-specific ADC coupling methods. It seems that these ADCs have a longer circulating half-life, higher efficacy, and can reduce off-target toxicity.
- ADCs have narrow The in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of the pharmacokinetics and the consistency of the production process are better (Hamblett, KJ, etc. Clin. Cancer Res. 2004, 10, 7063-70; Adem, YT, etc., Bioconjugate Chem. 2014, 25, 656- 664; Boylan, NJ Bioconjugate Chem. 2013, 24, 1008-1016; Strop, P. et al., Chem. Biol. 2013, 20, 161-67; Wakankar, A. mAbs, 2011, 3, 161-172).
- site-directed coupling methods that have been reported include: the introduction of modified cysteine into antibodies (Junutula, JR et al., Nat. Biotechnol.
- Patent 8,871,908 or use microorganisms Glutamine tag introduced by transglutaminase (MTGase) (Dennler, P., et al., 2014, Bioconjug. Chem. 25, 569-78; Siegmund, V. et al. Angew. Chemie-Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 13420-4; U.S. Patent Application No. 20130189287; U.S. Patent 7,893,019), isopeptide bond-peptide bond is formed outside the protein backbone by enzyme or bacteria (Kang, HJ, et al. Science 2007,318,1625-8; Zakeri, B .Etc. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2012, 109, E690-7; Zakeri, B. & Howarth, MJ Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 4526-7).
- MMGase transglutaminase
- ADCs prepared with these linkers and coupling methods have a larger therapeutic window.
- a Tubulysin conjugate containing a long chain linker can prevent the antibody-drug conjugate from being hydrolyzed by hydrolytic enzymes such as protease or esterase, making the conjugate more stable in the circulatory system.
- Tubulysin is a class of highly effective cytotoxic agents, which is well known in the art and can be isolated from natural products based on known methods or prepared by organic synthesis methods (such as Balasubramanian, R., etc. J. Med. Chem. ,2009,52,238-40; Wipf,P.,et al. Org.Lett.,2004,6,4057-60; Pando,O.,et al. J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2011,133,7692-5 ; Reddy, JA, etc. Mol. Pharmaceutics, 2009, 6, 1518-25; Raghavan, B., etc. J. Med. Chem., 2008, 51, 1530-33; Patterson, AW, etc. J.
- WO2010033733 WO 2009002993; Ellman, J., etc., PCT WO200 9134279; WO 2009012958; US Patent Application 20110263650, 20110021568; Matschiner, G., etc., WO2009095447; Vlahov, I., etc., WO2009055562, WO 2008112873; Low, P., etc., WO2009026177; Richter, W., WO2008138561; Kjems , J., et al., WO 2008125116; Davis, M.; et al., WO2008076333; Diener, J.; et al., U.S.
- Tubulysin conjugate (PCT/IB2012/053554) for targeted treatment of cancer, infection and autoimmune diseases.
- the Tubulysin conjugate containing a long-chain branched linker in the present invention has an increased half-life during targeted delivery, and minimizes exposure to non-target cells, tissues or organs in the blood circulation, resulting in reduced off-target toxicity.
- the invention relates to coupling a Tubulysin homologue and a cell binding molecule with a branched chain (side chain) linker, and the produced conjugate has better pharmacokinetic properties, thereby being able to target and kill abnormal cells more accurately.
- the present invention also relates to the coupling of Tubulysin homologues and cell binding agents and the methods for synthesizing the molecules contained therein, as well as methods for using the conjugates to target treatment of cancer, infection and autoimmune diseases.
- the present invention relates to an antibody-Tubulysin B derivative conjugate, characterized in that the conjugate has the structure shown in the following formula (I):
- P 1 is H, COCH 3 , COH, PO(OH) 2 , CH 2 OPO(OH) 2 , SO 2 CH 3 , C 6 H 11 O 5 (glycoside), CONHCH 3 , CON(CH 3 ) 2 , CON(CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 NCH 3 , CON(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 or CON(CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 CHN(CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 CH 2 ;
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently H, C 1 -C 6 alkane group, C 1 -C 6 alkenyl group, C 1 -C 6 alkane ether group (R 1 OR 2 ), C 1 -C 6 alkyl carbonyl group (R 1 COR 2 ), C 1 -C 6 alkyl ester group (R 1 COOR 2 ), C 1 -C 6 alkyl carboxyl group ((R 1 COOH) or C 1 -C 6 alkyl amide group ( (R 1 CONHR 2 );
- R 5 is H, OC 1 -C 6 alkane group, C(O)-H, C(O)-C 1 -C 6 (straight or branched chain) alkane group, C(O)-NH-C 1- C 6 (straight or branched chain) alkyl or C(O)-N(C 1 -C 6 (straight or branched) alkyl) 2 ;
- R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently H, C 1 -C 6 alkane group, C 1 -C 6 alkane ether group (R 1 OR 2 ), C 1 -C 6 alkane carbonyl group (R 1 COR 2 ) , C 1 -C 6 alkyl ester group (R 1 COOR 2 ), C 1 -C 6 alkyl carboxyl group ((R 1 COOH) or C 1 -C 6 alkyl amide group ((R 1 CONHR 2 )); preferably R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently H or CH 3 ;
- mAb is an antibody, antibody fragment, monoclonal antibody, polyclonal antibody, nanobody, prodrug antibody (probody), or antibody and antibody fragment modified with a synthetic molecule or protein;
- L is a linker containing a hydrophilic branch, and its main framework is C 2 -C 100 peptide units (1-12 natural or unnatural amino acids), hydrazone bond groups, disulfide groups, ester groups, An oxime group, an amide group or a thioether bond group.
- the structure of L is:
- Aa is L- or D-natural or unnatural amino acid
- r is an integer between 0-12; when r is not 0, (Aa) r is a peptide unit composed of the same or different amino acids;
- R 1 , m 2 and (Aa) r are as described in claim 1 and the above definition.
- the cell surface receptor binding molecule mAb can be any form of cell conjugate, including peptides or peptide-like structures: antibodies, single-chain antibodies, antibody fragments that can bind to target cells, monoclonal antibodies, single-chain single-chain Cloned antibodies, monoclonal antibody fragments that can bind to target cells, chimeric antibodies, chimeric antibody fragments that can bind to target cells, functional domain antibodies, functional domain antibody fragments that can bind to target cells, genetically engineered proteins that mimic antibodies , Fibronectin conjugate adnectin, pre-designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin), lymphokines, hormones, vitamins, growth factors, colony stimulating factors, nutrient transport molecules, transferrin, cell surface small molecule ligands, or connected with Albumin, macromolecules, or dendrimers of cell conjugates, macromolecular materials, proteins, liposomes, nanoparticles, vesicles containing cell-binding molecules (binding peptides, proteins, antibodies, antibodies
- L’ is (II-0) and (II-00):
- the process of preparing the above-mentioned conjugate is characterized in that the preparation method of the coupled mAb-SH includes any one of the following a) to c):
- reducing agent preferably, tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP), dithiothreitol (DTT), dithiopentaerythritol (DTE), L-glutathione (GSH), 2- Mercaptoethylamine ( ⁇ -MEA) or/and ⁇ -mercaptoethanol ( ⁇ -ME, 2-ME)
- TCEP tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine
- DTT dithiothreitol
- DTE dithiopentaerythritol
- GSH L-glutathione
- 2- Mercaptoethylamine ⁇ -MEA
- ⁇ -ME, 2-ME 2-mercaptoethanol
- the process of preparing the above-mentioned conjugate is characterized in that the buffer system used in the synthesis of the conjugate is: pH 5.0-9.5, and the concentration of phosphoric acid, acetic acid, lemon Buffer solution of acid, boric acid, carbonic acid, barbituric acid, Tris (tris(hydroxymethylaminomethane)), benzoic acid or triethanolamine, or their mixture, and contains a water-soluble organic solvent with a volume ratio of 0% to 35%: Methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, acetonitrile, acetone, DMF, DMA or DMSO, the coupling reaction temperature is controlled at 0°C ⁇ 45°C, the coupling reaction is 5 minutes ⁇ 96 hour.
- the buffer system used in the synthesis of the conjugate is: pH 5.0-9.5, and the concentration of phosphoric acid, acetic acid, lemon Buffer solution of acid, boric acid
- the process of preparing the above-mentioned conjugate is characterized in that after the coupling reaction is completed, ultrafiltration or column chromatography is used for purification to obtain the conjugate of structural formula (I).
- column chromatography includes molecular sieve column, cation column, anion column, hydrophobic (HIC) column, reverse phase column or protein A or G affinity column.
- the process of preparing the above-mentioned conjugate is characterized in that the synthesis of the structural formula (II) is condensed by the Tubulysin B derivative of the structural formula (III) and the compound of the structural formula (L') Response obtained:
- X is OH, halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I), phenol, pentachlorophenol, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, imidazole, dichlorophenol, tetrachlorophenol, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, p- Toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, 2-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazole-3'-sulfonic acid, Self-acid anhydrides or acid anhydrides formed with other acid anhydrides such as acetyl anhydride and formic anhydride; or polypeptide condensation reaction intermediates or Mitsunobu reaction intermediates;
- the condensation reaction is carried out in the organic solvent methylene chloride, dichloroethane, DMF, DMA, tetrahydrofuran (THF), DMSO containing 1%-100% by volume of pyridine, triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine. , Acetone, isopropanol, n-butanol or acetonitrile, or a mixed solvent of two or more of the above solvents, or with or without inert gas (nitrogen, argon, helium) protection, the temperature is controlled at -20 Under the condition of °C-150°C, the reaction time is 5 minutes-120 hours to complete;
- the condensation reaction is carried out under the following buffer system and the following conditions.
- the buffer system is: phosphoric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, boric acid, carbonic acid, barbituric acid, Tris (three) with a pH of 5.0 to 9.5 and a concentration of 1 mM to 1000 mM.
- Hydroxymethylaminomethane benzoic acid or triethanolamine, or their mixture buffer solution, and containing 0% to 35% by volume of water-soluble organic solvents: methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butyl Alcohol, isobutanol, acetonitrile, acetone, DMF, DMA or DMSO, the coupling reaction temperature is controlled at 0°C to 45°C, and the coupling reaction is 5 minutes to 96 hours.
- the NH 2 group in the structural formula (III) is ideally based on trifluoroacetate, hydrochloride, formate, acetate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, citrate, succinic acid Condensation occurs in the form of salt, benzoic acid, and sulfonate.
- the condensation reagent can be alternatively: 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), two Cyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), 1-cyclohexyl-2-morpholinoethylcarbodiimide p-toluenesulfonate ( CMC or CME-CDI), carbonyl diimidazole (CDI), O-benzotriazole-N,N,N',N'-tetramethylurea tetrafluoroborate (TBTU), O-benzotriazole -Tetramethylurea hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (EDC), two Cyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), N,N
- the process of preparing the above-mentioned conjugate is characterized in that the synthesis of Tubulysin B derivative of structural formula (III) includes one or more of the following steps:
- R 5 ′ is H, C 1 -C 6 alkane group, C 1 -C 6 alkane group, or C 1 -C 6 (linear or branched) aminoalkyl group; the definitions of other groups are as described above.
- Tubulysin B derivative of structural formula (III) includes one or more of the following steps:
- Step 1 Stir the aqueous solution of diethoxyacetonitrile and ammonium sulfide at room temperature to obtain compound 1, namely 2,2-diethoxythioacetamide;
- Step 2 Heat compound 1 and bromopyruvate in anhydrous solvent (such as anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, methanol, isopropanol) to condense compound 2 ;
- anhydrous solvent such as anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, methanol, isopropanol
- Step 3 Dissolve compound 2 in a solvent (such as tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-heptane, dioxane, acetonitrile), and use Lewis acid or protic acid (including hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonate) Acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, pyridine p-toluenesulfonate, AlCl 3 , FeCl 3 , ZnCl 2 , BF 3 , BCl 3 , BBr 3 , TiCl 4 , ZnBr 2 , LiBF 4 ) hydrolyze to obtain the compound 3;
- a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-heptane, dioxane, acetonit
- Step 4 Unsaturated sulfinamide is dehydrogenated by n-butyl lithium and other bases under low temperature conditions (such as -45°C to -78°C), and then undergoes addition reaction with compound 3 in the presence of Lewis acid to obtain compound 4;
- Lewis acids are selected to include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, pyridine p-toluenesulfonate, AlCl 3 , FeCl 3 , ZnCl 2 , BF 3 , BCl 3 , BBr 3 , TiCl 4 , ZnBr 2 , LiBF 4 ;
- Step 5 Compound 4 is selectively reduced by reducing agents (such as NaBH 4 , LiBH 4 , Na(OAc) 3 BH, Na(CN)BH 3, etc.) under low temperature conditions (such as -45°C to -78°C) , By adding Lewis acid (such as Ti(Oet)4) to control its stereochemistry to obtain compound 5;
- reducing agents such as NaBH 4 , LiBH 4 , Na(OAc) 3 BH, Na(CN)BH 3, etc.
- Lewis acid such as Ti(Oet)4
- Step 6 Dissolve compound 5 in a solvent (such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile), and remove the tert-butylsulfinyl group with acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid to obtain compound 6;
- a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile
- Step 7 Dissolve compound 6 and azido acid in a solvent (such as n-heptane, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide), and then use a condensation reagent (such as DIC/HOBt, DCC/HOBt, In the presence of EDC/HOBt, HATU, BOP, T3P, BrOP), or through a condensation reaction route, a condensation reaction occurs to obtain compound 7;
- a solvent such as n-heptane, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide
- a condensation reagent such as DIC/HOBt, DCC/HOBt, In the presence of EDC/HOBt, HATU, BOP, T3P, BrOP
- hydrazoic acid and isobutyl chloroformate are reacted in THF in the presence of an organic base (such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, etc.) to obtain a mixed anhydride, and then compound 6
- an organic base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, etc.
- azido acid is reacted with oxalyl chloride, triethylamine and a catalyst amount of DMF in a solvent (such as n-heptane, n-hexane, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran) to be converted into acid chloride, and then compound 6 hydrochloride Condensation occurs to obtain compound 7;
- a solvent such as n-heptane, n-hexane, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran
- Step 8 In a solvent (such as dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile), the hydroxyl group on compound 7 and a hydroxyl protecting reagent (such as TESCl), under the action of an organic base (such as imidazole, triethylamine, pyridine) to obtain compound 8 ;
- a solvent such as dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile
- an organic base such as imidazole, triethylamine, pyridine
- Step 9 Compound 8 is dissolved in a solvent (such as tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, acetonitrile), under the action of a base (such as KHMDS, LiHMDS, NaHMDS, KOtBu, NaH, KH), the amide is deprotonated, and then combined with iodine Methane, methyl bromide, dimethyl sulfate, methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, or ethyl iodide undergoes alkylation reactions to obtain compound 9;
- a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, acetonitrile
- a base such as KHMDS, LiHMDS, NaHMDS, KOtBu, NaH, KH
- Step 10 Compound 9 is dissolved in a solvent (such as tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate), where the azide group is under certain conditions, such as hydrogen and palladium-carbon catalyst, triphenylphosphine and water (Staudinger In the presence of reaction), it is reduced to an amino group, and then condensed with an acid or a reactive acid derivative to obtain compound 10;
- a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate
- the azide group is under certain conditions, such as hydrogen and palladium-carbon catalyst, triphenylphosphine and water (Staudinger In the presence of reaction)
- Step 11 The hydroxyl protecting group PG 1 in compound 10 is deprotected under appropriate conditions (for example, the TES protecting group can be deprotected in hydrochloric acid, THF/MeOH/AcOH, nBu 4 NF or pyridine hydrofluoride in THF) Is deprotected to obtain compound 11;
- Step 12 The ester group in compound 11 is converted into carboxylic acid under the action of alkali (such as LiOH, NaOH, KOH) or other appropriate conditions (such as methyl ester can be converted into carboxylic acid under the action of reagents such as LiCl, LiI, Me3SiOK) Is converted into acid compound 12;
- alkali such as LiOH, NaOH, KOH
- reagents such as LiCl, LiI, Me3SiOK
- Step 13 In the presence of a base (such as triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, pyridine) and a catalyst (such as DMAP), under certain temperature conditions (such as 0°C to 23°C), compound 12 and Acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, isopropionic anhydride and other acid anhydrides, acetyl halide, propionic acid halide, propionic acid halide, formamide halide, isoamide halide, diformamide halide and other acid halides can be reacted to obtain compound 13.
- a base such as triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, pyridine
- a catalyst such as DMAP
- Step 14 Compound 13 will undergo condensation reaction with appropriate hydroxyl-containing compounds such as pentafluorophenol or N-hydroxysuccinimide in the presence of condensation reagents (such as EDC, DIC, DCC, HATU, HBTU) to obtain reactive The ester compound 14;
- condensation reagents such as EDC, DIC, DCC, HATU, HBTU
- organic bases such as TEA, DBU, DIPEA
- inorganic bases such as Na 2 CO 3 , Cs 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3
- Step 16 The nitro group in compound 16 is reduced to an amino group under reducing conditions such as hydrogen and palladium-carbon catalyst, hydrazine hydrate and FeCl 3 , iron powder and acetic acid, etc., to obtain compound III;
- the process of preparing the above-mentioned conjugate is characterized in that the synthesis of the compound of the structural formula (L') includes one or more of the following steps:
- Step 1 Compound 1-1 and compound 1-2 are condensed under the action of a condensing agent (such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC), or a condensation reaction occurs through a condensation reaction route (such as compound 1-2 in a condensation reagent such as DIC and Under the action of EDC, it undergoes condensation reaction with pentafluorophenol, nitrophenol or N-hydroxysuccinimide to produce the corresponding active ester, and then reacts with compound 1-1) to obtain compound 1a;
- a condensing agent such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC
- a condensation reaction route such as compound 1-2 in a condensation reagent such as DIC and Under the action of EDC, it undergoes condensation reaction with pentafluorophenol, nitrophenol or N-hydroxysuccinimide to produce the corresponding active ester, and then reacts with compound 1-1) to obtain compound 1a;
- compound 1-3 and compound 1-4 undergo condensation reaction under the action of a condensing agent (such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC) or through a condensation reaction route to obtain compound 1b;
- a condensing agent such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC
- Step 2 The carboxyl protecting group PG 2 in compound 1 is removed under the action of a deprotection reagent (for example, the tert-butyl ester group under the action of acid), to obtain compound 2;
- a deprotection reagent for example, the tert-butyl ester group under the action of acid
- Step 3 The carboxyl-containing compound 2 and the amino-containing compound 3 undergo a condensation reaction under the action of a condensing agent (such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC) or through a condensation reaction route to obtain compound 4;
- a condensing agent such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC
- Step 4 The amino protecting group PG 1 on compound 4 is removed under deprotection conditions.
- the Cbz protecting group on the amino can be cleaved under the action of hydrogen and palladium-carbon catalyst, and the Boc protecting group on the amino can be acidic Was removed under conditions to obtain compound 5;
- Step 5 Carboxyl-containing compound 6 and amino-containing compound 5 undergo a condensation reaction under the action of a condensing agent (such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC) or through a condensation reaction route to obtain compound 7;
- a condensing agent such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC
- Step 6 The carboxyl protecting group PG 3 on compound 7 is removed under deprotection conditions (for example, the tert-butyl ester protecting group on the carboxyl group can be removed under the action of formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, etc. ) To obtain compound 8;
- Step 7 Compound 8 and hydroxyl-containing compounds (such as pentafluorophenol or N-hydroxysuccinimide) in the presence of condensation reagents (such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC), condensation reaction occurs to obtain reactive esters Compound, or react with other acid activating groups to obtain compound L'with condensation reaction activity;
- condensation reagents such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC
- Step 1 The amino protecting group PG 1 on compound 1 is removed under deprotection conditions.
- the Cbz protecting group on the amino can be cleaved under the action of hydrogen and palladium-carbon catalyst, and the Boc protecting group on the amino can be acidic It is excised under conditions to obtain compound 2;
- Step 2 Amino-containing compound 2 and carboxyl-containing compound 3 undergo condensation reaction under the action of a condensation reagent (such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC) or through a condensation reaction route to obtain compound 4;
- a condensation reagent such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC
- Step 3 The carboxyl protecting group PG 2 on compound 4 is removed under deprotection conditions.
- the tert-butyl ester protecting group on the carboxyl group can be removed under the action of formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, etc. , To obtain compound 5;
- Step 4 The carboxyl-containing compound 5 and the amino-containing compound 6 undergo a condensation reaction under the action of a condensing agent (such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC) or through a condensation reaction route to obtain compound 7;
- a condensing agent such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC
- Step 5 The carboxyl protecting group PG 3 on compound 7 is removed under deprotection conditions.
- the tert-butyl ester protecting group on the carboxyl group can be removed under the action of formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, etc. , To obtain compound 8;
- Step 6 Compound 8 and hydroxyl-containing compounds (such as pentafluorophenol or N-hydroxysuccinimide) undergo condensation reaction in the presence of a condensation reagent to obtain a reactive ester compound, or react with other acid-activated groups Obtain compound 9 with condensation reaction activity;
- the NH 2 group in structural formula (V) is preferably trifluoroacetate, hydrochloride, formate, acetate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, citrate, succinate, Condensation occurs in the form of benzoic acid or sulfonate.
- the process of preparing the above-mentioned conjugate is characterized in that the synthesis of structural formula (IV) includes one or more of the following steps:
- Carboxylic acid compound 1 and hydroxyl-containing compounds such as pentafluorophenol or N-hydroxysuccinimide
- condensation reagents such as EDC, DIC, DCC, HATU, HBTU
- the carboxylic acid compound 1 is reacted with ethyl chloroformate, isobutyl chloroformate, etc. in the presence of an organic base (such as N-methylmorpholine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine and other organic bases) to obtain Reactive mixed acid anhydrides;
- an organic base such as N-methylmorpholine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine and other organic bases
- the carboxylic acid compound 1 is reacted with oxalyl chloride in the presence of an organic base such as triethylamine and a catalyst amount (for example, 0.01 equivalent to 0.5 equivalent) of DMF to obtain acid chloride.
- an organic base such as triethylamine
- a catalyst amount for example, 0.01 equivalent to 0.5 equivalent
- the process of preparing the above-mentioned conjugate is characterized in that the synthesis of structural formula (V) includes one or more of the following steps:
- organic bases such as TEA, DBU, DIPEA
- inorganic bases such as Na 2 CO 3 , Cs 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3
- Step 2 The amino protecting group PG 4 on compound 3 is removed under deprotection conditions (for example, the Cbz protecting group on the amino can be cleaved under the action of hydrogen and palladium-carbon catalyst), and the Boc protecting group on the amino can be removed under deprotection conditions. It is excised under acidic conditions to obtain compound V;
- the process of preparing the above-mentioned conjugate is characterized in that the synthesis of compound 2 includes one or more of the following steps:
- compound 8 (compound XIVa) obtained in this synthesis step is the target compound 2; PG 4 is an amino protecting group.
- the synthesis of compound 2 includes one or more of the following steps:
- Step 1 Dissolve L-tyrosine ester derivatives 1 in a suitable solvent, such as acetone, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, etc., or a mixed solvent of these solvents and water, and benzyl chloride or benzyl bromide Or other benzyl compounds to react at 0 to 60°C, appropriate organic or inorganic bases can be added to the reaction system, such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, three Ethylamine, DBU, sodium hydride, etc., and appropriate additives such as sodium iodide or phase transfer catalysts, such as benzyltriethylammonium chloride (TEBA), tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), Tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate, trioctylmethylammonium chloride
- Step 2 Dissolve compound 2 in an organic solvent such as dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, ether, etc., using a reducing agent, such as lithium aluminum hydride, DIBAL, sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, dihydrobis(2-methyl) Oxyethoxy) sodium aluminate (Red-Al), diborane, etc. reduction, additives can be added to the reaction system, such as I 2 , ferric chloride, zinc chloride, magnesium chloride, lithium chloride, calcium chloride Control the activity of the reducing agent and obtain compound 3;
- a reducing agent such as lithium aluminum hydride, DIBAL, sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, dihydrobis(2-methyl) Oxyethoxy) sodium aluminate (Red-Al), diborane, etc. reduction
- additives can be added to the reaction system, such as I 2 , ferric chloride, zinc chloride, magnesium chloride,
- Alcohol compound 3 is oxidized into aldehyde under appropriate oxidation conditions, such as swern oxidation (oxalyl chloride, DMSO, triethylamine), Parikh-Doering oxidation (sulfur trioxide pyridine oxidation), Dess-Martin oxidation, etc. 4;
- Step 4 Reaction of aldehyde 4 with phosphate (Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction) or phosphorous ylide reaction (Wittig reaction) for carbon chain extension to obtain compound 5;
- Step 5 The double bond in compound 5 is hydrogenated and reduced under the action of a homogeneous or two-phase catalyst, and the benzyl group is also removed at the same time to obtain a chiral compound with a single stereo structure, or two diastereomers
- the catalyst includes Pd/C, Pd(OH) 2 /C, Pd/BaSO 4 , PtO 2 , Pt/Al 2 O 3 , Ru/C, Raney nickel and other two-phase catalysts, homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation catalyst , Such as Crabtree catalyst, [Ru(II)-(BINAP)] catalyst, [(Ph3P)CuH] 6 catalyst, etc.;
- Step 6 Dissolve compound 6 in an organic solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, and be nitrated under nitration reaction conditions.
- organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dichloromethane
- Nitrating reagents include nitric acid, nitric acid/acetic acid, potassium nitrate/sulfuric acid, tert-butyl nitroso, Nitric acid/trifluoroacetic anhydride, NO 2 BF 4 , nitropyridinium salt, etc.;
- Step 7. 7-nitro compound is reduced to an amino group under the following conditions, these conditions include H 2 / Pd / C, Fe or Zn / HOAc, SnCl 2 / HCl .
- the process of preparing the above-mentioned conjugate is characterized in that the synthesis of compound 2 includes one or more of the following steps:
- the compound 8 (compound XIVb) obtained in this synthesis step is the target compound 2.
- the synthesis of compound 2 includes one or more of the following steps:
- Step 2 The hydroxyl group on compound 3 is removed under the following conditions. These conditions include the Barton-McCombie deoxygenation reaction, that is, the alcohol is first converted into thioacyl derivatives, such as alkyl xanthates, benzene thiochloroformate Ester, thiocarbonyl imidazole ester, and then treated with Bu 3 SnH, free radical cleavage occurs to obtain the dehydroxylated product; the conditions for free radical cleavage include: n-Bu 3 SnH/AIBN, n-Bu 3 SnH/AIBN/n- BuOH/PMHS, (Bu 4 N) 2 S 2 O 8 /HCO 2 Na;
- Step 3 Dissolve compound 4 in tetrahydrofuran, the Evans chiral prosthetic group is cut under the condition of LiOH/H 2 O 2 to obtain the corresponding acid 5;
- Step 4 Compound 5 is dissolved in an organic solvent, such as ethyl acetate, methanol, dichloromethane, ethanol or acetic acid, etc., and the benzyl group is catalytically hydrogenolyzed in the presence of a palladium-carbon catalyst to obtain compound 6;
- an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate, methanol, dichloromethane, ethanol or acetic acid, etc.
- Step 5 Dissolve compound 6 in an organic solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, and nitrate under nitration reaction conditions.
- organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, and nitrate under nitration reaction conditions.
- Nitrating reagents include nitric acid, nitric acid/acetic acid, potassium nitrate/sulfuric acid, tert-butyl nitroso, Nitric acid/trifluoroacetic anhydride, NO 2 BF 4 , nitropyridinium salt, etc.;
- Step 6 The nitro group in compound 7 is reduced to an amino group under the following conditions. These conditions include H 2 /Pd/C, Fe or Zn/HOAc, SnCl 2 /HCl, etc., to obtain a chiral compound 8 with a single stereoconfiguration .
- the synthesis of structural formula (VI) includes one or more of the following steps:
- Step 1 Compound 1 and an appropriate hydroxyl-containing compound (such as pentafluorophenol or N-hydroxysuccinimide) undergo a condensation reaction in the presence of a condensation reagent to obtain a reactive acid derivative compound 2;
- an appropriate hydroxyl-containing compound such as pentafluorophenol or N-hydroxysuccinimide
- organic bases such as TEA, DBU, DIPEA
- inorganic bases such as Na 2 CO 3 , Cs 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3
- Step 3 The amino protecting group PG 4 on compound 4 is selectively removed under deprotection conditions (for example, the Cbz protecting group on the amino group can be cleaved off under the action of hydrogen and palladium-carbon catalyst), and the Boc on the amino group is protected The group can be cleaved under acidic conditions to obtain compound 5;
- organic bases such as TEA, DBU, DIPEA
- inorganic bases such as When Na 2 CO 3 , Cs 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 ), a condensation reaction occurs to obtain compound 6.
- no base is used in the reaction, but appropriate reaction temperature and reaction time need to be controlled;
- Step 5 The amino protecting group PG 1 on compound 6 is removed under deprotection conditions (for example, the Cbz protecting group on the amino can be cleaved under the action of hydrogen and palladium-carbon catalyst), and the Boc protecting group on the amino can be It is excised under acidic conditions to obtain compound VI;
- deprotection conditions for example, the Cbz protecting group on the amino can be cleaved under the action of hydrogen and palladium-carbon catalyst
- Boc protecting group on the amino can be It is excised under acidic conditions to obtain compound VI;
- the process of preparing the above-mentioned conjugate is characterized in that the synthesis of structural formula (VII) includes one or more of the following steps:
- Step 1 Carboxylic acid compound 1 and hydroxyl-containing compounds (such as pentafluorophenol or N-hydroxysuccinimide) undergo condensation reaction in the presence of condensation reagents (such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC) to obtain reactive ⁇ Esters;
- condensation reagents such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC
- the carboxylic acid compound 1 is reacted with ethyl chloroformate, isobutyl chloroformate, etc. in the presence of an organic base (such as N-methylmorpholine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine and other organic bases) to obtain Reactive mixed acid anhydrides;
- an organic base such as N-methylmorpholine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine and other organic bases
- carboxylic acid compound 1 and oxalyl chloride are reacted to obtain acid chloride in the presence of an organic base such as triethylamine and a catalyst amount (such as 0.01 equivalent to 0.5 equivalent) of DMF;
- the process of preparing the above-mentioned conjugate is characterized in that the synthesis of structural formula (II) is obtained by the condensation reaction of structural formula (VIII) and structural formula (IX):
- the definition of X and the condensation reaction conditions are as described above.
- the NH 2 group in structural formula (VIII) is ideally based on trifluoroacetate, hydrochloride, formate, acetate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, citrate, succinate, Condensation occurs in the form of benzoic acid or sulfonate.
- Step 1 The carboxyl protecting group PG 3 on compound 1 is removed under deprotection conditions (for example, the tert-butyl ester protecting group on the carboxyl group can be removed under the action of formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.) , To obtain compound 2;
- deprotection conditions for example, the tert-butyl ester protecting group on the carboxyl group can be removed under the action of formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.
- Step 2 Compound 2 and hydroxyl-containing compounds (such as pentafluorophenol or N-hydroxysuccinimide) in the presence of condensation reagents (such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC), condensation reaction occurs to obtain reactive esters Compound 3;
- condensation reagents such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC
- organic bases such as TEA, DBU, DIPEA
- inorganic bases such as Na 2 CO 3 , Cs 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3
- Step 4 The amino protecting group PG 3 on compound 5 is removed under deprotection conditions (for example, the Cbz protecting group on the amino can be cleaved under the action of hydrogen and palladium-carbon catalyst), and the Boc protecting group on the amino can be It is excised under acidic conditions to obtain compound 6;
- deprotection conditions for example, the Cbz protecting group on the amino can be cleaved under the action of hydrogen and palladium-carbon catalyst
- Boc protecting group on the amino can be It is excised under acidic conditions to obtain compound 6;
- organic bases such as TEA, DBU, DIPEA
- inorganic bases such as When Na 2 CO 3 , Cs 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 ), a condensation reaction occurs to obtain compound 7; optionally, no base is used in the reaction, but the appropriate reaction temperature and reaction time need to be controlled;
- Step 6 The amino protecting group PG 1 on compound 7 is removed under deprotection conditions.
- the Cbz protecting group on the amino can be removed under the action of hydrogen and palladium-carbon catalyst, and the Boc protecting group on the amino can be acidic Was removed under conditions to obtain compound VIII;
- the process of preparing the above-mentioned conjugate is characterized in that the synthesis of structural formula (IX) includes one or more of the following steps:
- Carboxylic acid compound 1 and an appropriate hydroxyl-containing compound undergo a condensation reaction in the presence of a condensation reagent to obtain a reactive ester IX;
- the carboxylic acid compound 1 is reacted with ethyl chloroformate, isobutyl chloroformate, etc. in the presence of an organic base (such as N-methylmorpholine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine and other organic bases) to obtain Reactive mixed acid anhydride IX;
- an organic base such as N-methylmorpholine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine and other organic bases
- carboxylic acid compound 1 and oxalyl chloride are reacted to obtain acid chloride IX in the presence of an organic base such as triethylamine and a catalyst amount of DMF;
- the process of preparing the above-mentioned conjugate is characterized in that the synthesis of structural formula (II) is obtained by the condensation reaction of structural formula (X) and structural formula (XI):
- Y 1 and Y 2 groups condense to form Y group; Y 1 and Y 2 are NH 2 ,- + NH 3 , COOH, COX, SO 2 Cl, P(O)Cl 2 , NHCOX, NHSO 2 Cl, NHP(O)Cl 2 , NHP(O)(OH)Cl,
- Step 1 The carboxyl-containing compound 1 and compound VI undergo a condensation reaction under the action of a condensing agent (such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC) or through a condensation reaction route to obtain compound 2; wherein Z 1 is the precursor of Y 1 , Such as amino group, carboxyl group, amide group, phosphoramido group and sulfonamide group, carboxylate, phosphate, phosphonate, etc. protected by appropriate groups;
- a condensing agent such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC
- Step 2 The amino protecting group PG 1 on compound 2 is removed under deprotection conditions.
- the Cbz protecting group on the amino group can be removed under the action of hydrogen and palladium-carbon catalyst, and the Boc protecting group on the amino group can be acidic Was removed under conditions to obtain compound 3;
- Step 3 The carboxyl-containing compound 4 and the amino-containing compound 3 undergo a condensation reaction under the action of a condensing agent or through a condensation reaction route to obtain compound 5;
- Step 4 The functional group Z 1 in compound 5 undergoes appropriate chemical transformation, such as deprotection of carboxyl and amino groups, to generate functional group Y 1 to obtain compound X;
- the process of preparing the conjugate described above is characterized in that the synthesis of structural formula (XI) includes one or more of the following steps:
- Step 1 Dissolve compound 1 in an organic solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and extract hydrogen with a base such as sodium hydride, sodium, and sodium hydroxide. Then it is stirred with compound 2 (where X is a halogen such as chlorine, bromine, iodine, or other leaving groups) at a certain temperature to react to obtain compound 3;
- organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide
- a base such as sodium hydride, sodium, and sodium hydroxide.
- Step 2 The carboxyl protecting group PG1 on compound 3 is removed under deprotection conditions.
- the tert-butyl ester protecting group can be cleaved under the action of formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, etc., to obtain compound XIa -1;
- Step 3 Dissolve compound 1 in an organic solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and extract hydrogen with a base such as sodium hydride, sodium, sodium hydroxide, etc. Then with compound 4 (stir at a certain temperature, react to obtain compound 5;
- organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide
- Step 4 The carboxyl protecting group PG 1 on compound 5 is removed under deprotection conditions.
- the tert-butyl ester protecting group can be cleaved under the action of formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, etc., to obtain a compound XIa-2;
- Step 5 Dissolve compound 6 in an organic solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, etc., and add a suitable organic base, such as triethylamine, N,N- Diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, etc. are reacted with methylsulfonyl chloride, 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride, etc. at 0-5°C to obtain compound 7;
- organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, etc.
- a suitable organic base such as triethylamine, N,N- Diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, etc. are reacted with methylsulfonyl chloride, 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride, etc. at 0-5°C to obtain compound 7;
- Step 6 Compound 7 reacts with ammonia in an aqueous phase or an organic solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, epoxy hexacyclic ring, etc., and the reaction can be appropriately heated to obtain compound XIb.
- an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, epoxy hexacyclic ring, etc.
- Step 7 Compound 7 is reacted with sodium azide in an organic solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, etc., to obtain compound 8;
- organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, etc.
- Step 8 The azide compound 8 is reduced by hydrogenation in the presence of a palladium-carbon catalyst, or reduced under the action of triphenylphosphine and water to obtain compound XIb;
- Step 9 Compound 7 and dibenzylamine in an organic solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, etc., preferably N,N-dimethylformamide, at 100 Reaction occurs at °C to obtain compound 9;
- organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, etc., preferably N,N-dimethylformamide, at 100 Reaction occurs at °C to obtain compound 9;
- Step 10 Dissolve compound 9 in a solvent, such as ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, tetrahydrofuran, etc., and reduce it on a palladium-carbon catalyst under a certain hydrogen pressure.
- a solvent such as ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, tetrahydrofuran, etc.
- the reaction can be appropriately heated to 45°C to obtain the compound XIb.
- the NH 2 group in the structural formula (XII) is trifluoroacetate, hydrochloride, formate, acetate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, citrate, succinic acid
- the condensation reaction takes place in the form of salt, benzoic acid or sulfonate.
- the process of preparing the above-mentioned conjugate is characterized in that the synthesis of structural formula (XII) includes one or more of the following steps:
- Step 1 Compound 1 and an appropriate hydroxyl-containing compound (such as pentafluorophenol or N-hydroxysuccinimide) undergo a condensation reaction in the presence of a condensation reagent to obtain a reactive acid derivative compound 2;
- an appropriate hydroxyl-containing compound such as pentafluorophenol or N-hydroxysuccinimide
- organic bases such as TEA, DBU, DIPEA
- inorganic bases such as Na 2 CO 3 , Cs 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3
- Step 3 The amino protecting group PG 4 on compound 4 is selectively removed under deprotection conditions (for example, the Cbz protecting group on the amino group can be cleaved off under the action of hydrogen and palladium-carbon catalyst), and the Boc on the amino group is protected The group can be cleaved under acidic conditions to obtain compound 5;
- organic bases such as TEA, DBU, DIPEA
- inorganic bases such as Na 2 CO 3 , Cs 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3
- Step 5 The amino protecting group PG1 on compound 6 is removed under deprotection conditions (for example, the Cbz protecting group on the amino can be cleaved under the action of hydrogen and palladium-carbon catalyst), and the Boc protecting group on the amino can be acidic It is excised under conditions to obtain compound XII;
- the process of preparing the conjugate described above is characterized in that the synthesis of structural formula (XIII) includes one or more of the following steps:
- Step 1 The carboxyl-containing compound 1 and the amino-containing compound 2 undergo a condensation reaction under the action of a condensing agent (such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC) or through a condensation reaction route to obtain compound 3;
- a condensing agent such as EDC, HATU, DIC, DCC
- Step 2 The carboxyl protecting group PG 1 on compound 3 is removed under deprotection conditions (for example, the tert-butyl ester protecting group on the carboxyl group can be removed under the action of formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, etc. ) To obtain compound 4;
- Step 3 Carboxylic acid compound 4 and a hydroxyl-containing compound (such as pentafluorophenol or N-hydroxysuccinimide) undergo a condensation reaction in the presence of a condensation reagent to obtain a reactive ester structure (XIII);
- a hydroxyl-containing compound such as pentafluorophenol or N-hydroxysuccinimide
- the carboxylic acid compound 4 reacts with ethyl chloroformate, isobutyl chloroformate, etc., in the presence of an organic base such as N-methylmorpholine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, etc., to obtain a reaction Active mixed acid anhydride structure (XIII);
- the carboxylic acid compound 4 reacts with oxalyl chloride in the presence of an organic base such as triethylamine and a catalyst amount of DMF to obtain the acid chloride structure (XIII),
- a pharmaceutical composition comprises the conjugate described in any one of the above or the conjugate formed by reacting the compound containing the linker described above with a cell binding molecule, and a pharmaceutically Acceptable excipients.
- the conjugate described in any one of the above is used in the preparation of drugs for the treatment of cancer, infection or autoimmune diseases.
- FIG. 1 Shows the synthesis of Tubulysin derivative fragments 13 and 18.
- FIG. 1 shows the synthesis of Tubulysin derivative fragment 34.
- FIG. 3 Shows the synthesis of Tubulysin derivative fragments 37, 38 and 45.
- Figure 4. shows the synthesis of Tubulysin derivative fragment 57.
- Figure 5 shows the synthesis of Tubulysin derivative fragment 71.
- Figure 6 shows the synthesis of a Tubulysin derivative 72 that can be coupled.
- Figure 7 shows the in vivo anti-tumor activity of the conjugate on BALB/c nude mice bearing NCI-N87 xenograft tumors.
- Alkyl refers to linear or cyclic linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbons containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Branched chain refers to a linear alkyl group with one or more lower alkyl groups, such as methyl, ethyl or propyl connected.
- alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 3-pentyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, Cyclopentyl, cyclohexane, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylpentyl, 3,3-Dimethylpentyl, 2,3,4-Trimethylpentyl, 3-Methylhexyl, 2,2-Dimethylhexyl, 2,4-Dimethylhexyl, 2,5- Dimethylhexyl, 3,5-dimethylhexyl, 2,4-dimethylpentyl, 2-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, n-octyl And isooc
- the C 1 -C 8 alkyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more of the following but not limited to: C 1 -C 8 alkyl group, C 1 -C 8 alkoxy group, aryl group, acyl group , Acyloxy group, ester group, -C(O)NH 2 , -C(O)NHR', -C(O)N(R') 2 , -NHC(O)R',-S(O) 2 R', -S(O)R', -OH, halogen (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I), -N 3 , -NH 2 , -NHR', -N(R') 2 and- CN; wherein R'refers to C 1 -C 8 alkyl or aryl.
- C 3 -C 8 carbocyclic ring refers to a saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic hydrocarbon cyclic compound containing 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 carbon atoms.
- Typical C 3 -C 8 carbocyclic rings include but are not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, 1,3-cyclohexadienyl, 1 ,4-Cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptyl, 1,3-cycloheptadienyl, 1,3,5-cycloheptatrienyl, cyclooctyl and cyclooctadienyl.
- the C 3 -C 8 carbocyclic ring may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more of the following but not limited to: C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 1 -C 8 alkoxy, aryl, Acyl, acyloxy, ester, -C(O)NH 2 ,-C(O)NHR',-C(O)N(R') 2 ,-NHC(O)R',-S(O) 2 R',-S(O)R',-OH, halogen (-F,-Cl,-Br,-I), -N 3 ,-NH 2 ,-NHR',-N(R') 2 and -CN; wherein R'is C 1 -C 8 alkyl or aryl.
- the C 3 -C 8 carbocyclic group refers to a group in which one hydrogen atom on the aforementioned C 3 -C 8 carbocyclic ring is replaced by a chemical bond.
- Alkenyl refers to straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbons containing one carbon-carbon double bond, with 2 to 8 carbon atoms in the carbon chain.
- alkenyl groups include vinyl, propenyl, n-butenyl, isobutenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, n-pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, and octenyl.
- Alkynyl refers to a straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon containing one carbon-carbon triple bond, with 2 to 8 carbon atoms in the carbon chain.
- alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl, n-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-methylbutynyl, n-pentynyl, hexynyl, heptynyl, and octynyl.
- Heteroalkyl refers to an alkyl group containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms and having 1 to 4 carbon atoms substituted with O, S or N.
- Aryl or aromatic group refers to an aromatic hydrocarbon or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group composed of 3 to 14 carbon atoms (6 to 10 carbon atoms in most cases) containing one or more rings.
- Heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group refers to one or more carbon atoms (in most cases 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms) by O, N, Si, Se, P or S (preferably O, S, N) The aromatic hydrocarbon group produced by the substitution.
- Aryl or aromatic group also refers to an aromatic hydrocarbon group in which one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted.
- R 13 and R 14 are respectively H, alkyl, alkene, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, carbonyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
- the halogen atom refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine atoms, preferably fluorine and chlorine.
- the heterocyclic ring refers to an aromatic containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and 1 to 4 carbon atoms of a non-aromatic or heterocyclic ring are replaced by hetero elements. These miscellaneous elements are O, N, S, Se and P, preferably O, N and S.
- the available heterocycles can also be found in "The Handbook of Chemistry and Physics", 78th edition, CRC Press, 1997-1998, pages 225 to 226.
- Suitable non-heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, epoxy, azaethyl, sulfiethane, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxiranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, and dioxy Pentyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dioxanyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, pyranyl, imidazolinyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrazolinyl, thiazolinyl , Tetrahydrothiopyranyl, dithianyl, thiomorpholinyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydropyridyl, dihydropyridyl, tetrahydropyrimidinyl, dihydrothiopyran Groups, azepanyl groups and their fused rings with phenyl groups
- Heteroaryl refers to an aromatic heteromonocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic structure containing 3 to 14 (preferably 5 to 10) atoms.
- alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkene, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl also refer to alkylene, cycloalkylene, and alkenylene formed by the loss of two hydrogen atoms from the corresponding hydrocarbon , Alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene and heterocyclic ring etc.
- Alkyl refers to a carbon atom attached to a hydrogen atom of an acyclic alkyl radical, usually a terminal or sp3 hybridized carbon atom replaced by an aryl group.
- Typical arylalkyl groups include benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 2-styryl, naphthylmethyl, 2-naphthylethyl, 2-naphthalenevinyl, naphthylbenzyl, 2-naphthylbenzeneethane Base etc.
- Heteroaralkyl refers to an acyclic alkyl radical with a hydrogen atom linked to a carbon atom, usually a terminal or sp3 hybridized carbon atom replaced by a heteroaryl group. Heteroaralkyl represents, for example, 2-benzimidazolemethyl, 2-furanethyl.
- “Hydroxy Protective Group” refers to methyloxymethyl ether (MOM), 2-methyloxyethyloxymethyl ether (2-MOEOM), tetrahydropyran ether, benzyl ether, p-methyloxybenzyl ether , Trimethylsilyl ether, triethylsilyl ether, triisopropylsilyl ether, tert-butyl dimethylsilyl ether, triphenylmethylsilyl ether, ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate with substituents, benzene Formate, benzyl formate, chloroacetate, methoxyacetate, phenoxyacetate, pivaloate, adamantanoate, trimethyl benzoate (mesitoate ), methylsulfonate and tosylate.
- MOM methyloxymethyl ether
- 2-MOEOM 2-methyloxyethyloxymethyl ether
- Amino acids can be natural and/or unnatural amino acids, usually L-type or D-type, preferably alpha amino acids.
- Natural amino acids are arranged by genes, they are alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine Acid, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine, tryptophan and valine.
- Unnatural amino acids are derived forms of protein amino acids.
- 2-aminoisobutyric acid dehydroalanine
- ⁇ -aminobutyric acid neurotrans
- amino acid also includes amino acid analogs and analogs.
- the analogues have the same structure of H 2 N(R)CHCO 2 H natural amino acids, but the R group is not found in natural amino acids.
- analogs include serine, hexine, methionine sulfoxide, and methionine methylsulfonium salt.
- the analogous amino acids have a structure different from the conventional chemical structure of alpha amino acids, but their functions are similar.
- the term "unnatural amino acid” is in the form of "D", and natural amino acid is in the form of "L".
- the amino acid sequence should preferably be recognized and cleaved by proteases.
- amino acid sequence is selected as Val-Cit, Ala-Val, Ala-Lys, Gly-Lys, Ala-Ala, Val -Val, Val-Ala-Val, Lys-Lys, Ala-Asn-Val, Val-Leu-Lys, Cit-Cit, Val-Lys, Asp-Lys, Glu-Lys, Ala-Ala-Asn, Lys, Cit , Ser, and Glu molecules.
- a "peptide” is formed by combining two or more amino acids with the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid by a peptide bond (ie, an amide bond).
- a compound with two amino acids connected by a peptide bond is called a dipeptide; a compound with three amino acids connected by a peptide bond is called a tripeptide, and so on, a compound with thirty amino acids connected by a peptide bond is called a tria peptide.
- a peptide composed entirely of natural alpha amino acids is a natural peptide (natural protein).
- Peptides containing one or more unnatural amino acids or amino acid analogs are unnatural peptides (peptoid compounds).
- a peptide of two or more amino acids is a peptide unit.
- a "glycoside” is a molecule that connects a sugar group to another group through its anomeric carbon bond through its sugar group bond. Glycosides can be linked by O-(O-glycoside), N-(sugar amine), S-(thioglycoside) or C-(C-glycoside) glycosidic bonds.
- the core is that the empirical formula is C m (H 2 O) n (where m can be different from n, m and n are ⁇ 36).
- glycosides in this article include glucose (glucose), fructose (levulose) allose, and Altro Sugar, mannose, gulose, idose, galactose, troose, galactosamine, glucosamine, sialic acid, N-acetylglucosamine, sulfoquinolone (6-deoxy-6-sulfo -D-glucopyranose), ribose, arabinose, xylose, soluble glucose, sorbitol, mannitol, sucrose, lactose, maltose, trehalose, maltodextrin, raffinose, glucuronic acid (glucuronide) And stachyose.
- Glycosides can be in D or L form, 5-atom cyclic furanose form, 6-atom cyclic pyranose form, or non-cyclic form, ⁇ -isomer (the end group different carbon below the carbon atom in Haworth projection) -OH) or ⁇ -isomer (-OH of an anomeric carbon above the Haworth projection plane).
- the glycosides commonly used herein are monosaccharides, disaccharides, polyols or oligosaccharides (containing 3-6 sugar units).
- Antibody as used here, is used in the broadest sense, specifically covering complete monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, specific antibodies, and multispecific antibodies (for example, bispecific antibodies and antibody fragments). For the biological activity of the antibody fragment, the necessary number of drug binding sites is linked.
- the native form of an antibody is a tetramer consisting of two identical immunoglobulin chain pairs, each pair having a light chain and a heavy chain. In each pair, the light chain and heavy chain variable regions (VL and VH) are jointly responsible for binding to the antigen.
- the light chain and heavy chain variable regions are interrupted by a framework region and three hypervariable regions, which are also called "complementarity determining regions" or "services". The constant area may be recognized for interaction with the immune system.
- An antibody can be of any type (eg, IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, and IgA), major class (eg, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, and IgA2) or subclass.
- Antibodies can be obtained from any suitable species. In some aspects, antibodies are of human or murine origin. The antibody can be human, humanized or chimeric.
- the terms “specifically binds” and “specifically binds” mean that an antibody or antibody derivative will bind to its corresponding target antigen in a highly selective manner, instead of binding to many other antigens.
- the antibody or antibody has an affinity derivative binding of at least about 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 M. It is best to combine 1x10 -8 M to 10 -9 M, 10 -10 M, 10 -11 M, or 10 -12 M.
- the affinity of the predetermined antigen is at least twice greater than the affinity of the bound non-specific antigen (such as bovine serum albumin, casein).
- Medical use or “medicinal use” means that the corresponding compound or compound composition does not produce harmful, allergic or other adverse reactions in animals or humans.
- compositions include all carriers, diluents, adjuvants or forming agents, such as preservatives, antioxidants, fillers, disintegrating agents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, solvents, dispersion media, coatings, Antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, etc.
- active auxiliary components can also be added to the pharmaceutical ingredients.
- pharmaceutically acceptable salts refer to salt derivatives of the compounds of the present invention. After appropriate modification, the compounds of the present invention can form corresponding acid or base salts. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include common non-toxic salts or quaternary ammonium salts. These salts can be prepared from the compounds of the present invention and corresponding non-toxic inorganic or organic acids.
- inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, sulfamic acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid
- organic acids include acetic acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, glucaldehyde Acid, glutamic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, fumaric acid and lactic acid can all be made into medicinal salts.
- Other salts include ammonium salts such as tromethamine, aminotriethanol, meglumine, pyrrole ethanol, and metal salts such as sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc, and magnesium.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the present invention can be prepared by conventional chemical methods. Generally speaking, these salts can be formed by adding other suitable equivalent amounts of bases or acids to the free acid or alkali aqueous solution or organic solution or a mixed solution of the compounds of the present invention.
- the reaction medium of the non-aqueous phase is generally ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol or acetonitrile.
- the list of applicable salts can be found in "Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences", 17th edition. Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA, 1985, page 1418.
- pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to a pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic salt of a ligand drug conjugate or a linker drug conjugate.
- the conjugate may contain at least one amino group, and therefore may form an acid addition salt with the amino group.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable salt may include additional molecules such as acetate ion, succinate ion or other counter ion.
- the counterion can be any organic or inorganic moiety that stabilizes the charge on the parent compound.
- pharmaceutically acceptable salts may have more than one charged atom in their structure. Embodiments where multiple charged atoms are part of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt may have multiple counter ions. Therefore, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt may have one or more charged atoms and/or one or more counterions.
- phrases "pharmaceutically acceptable solvate” or “solvate” refers to the association of one or more solvent molecules and a ligand drug conjugate or a linker drug conjugate.
- solvents that form pharmaceutically acceptable solvates include, but are not limited to, water, isopropanol, ethanol, butanol, tert-butanol, acetone, glycerol, DMSO, ethyl acetate, formic acid, acetic acid, triethanolamine and Ethanolamine.
- Hydrate refers to a compound containing water.
- the water can be connected to other parts by coordination bonds, such as a metal ion hydrated ligand to form a complex, or it can be combined by covalent bonds, such as hydrated chloroacetaldehyde. It can also refer to crystals or liquid molecules formed by certain compounds and moisture under certain temperature and pressure conditions.
- the water in the hydrate is present in a certain amount.
- the composition of anhydrous sodium sulfate Na 2 SO 4 hydrate is Na 2 SO 4 ⁇ 10H 2 O.
- Water may not be directly combined with cations or anions, but may exist in the crystal in a certain proportion, occupying a certain position in the crystal lattice. This combined form of water is called lattice water and generally contains 12 water molecules. Some crystalline compounds also contain water, but there is no certain proportion.
- the hydrate salt refers to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt formed on the basis of the hydrate.
- Optical isomers are also called enantiomers, antipodal isomers, optical isomers, mirror image isomers, enantiomers or chiral isomers, which cannot be completely overlapped with each other's stereoisomers.
- a substance contains a chiral carbon atom
- Enantiomers have the same optical rotation power, but the direction of rotation is opposite, and their physical and chemical properties are very likely to be similar.
- a molecule containing two carbon atoms with the same properties has three optical isomers.
- the number of optical isomers is 2 n
- n is the number of atoms with different chirals.
- patients or “subjects” include, but are not limited to, humans, rats, mice, guinea pigs, monkeys, pigs, goats, cows, horses, dogs, cats, birds, and poultry.
- the patient or subject is a human.
- administering refers to any means of transferring, delivering, introducing or delivering drugs or other agents to a subject, including oral, topical, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intralesional, intranasal, subcutaneous or sheath Internal administration
- the present invention also contemplates the use of devices or devices to administer medicaments. Such devices can utilize active or passive transport, and can be slow-release or rapid-release delivery devices.
- Boc tert-butoxycarbonyl
- BroP bromotripyrrolidine phosphonium hexafluorophosphate
- CDI 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole
- DCC dicyclohexyl carbon Diimine
- DCE dichloroethane
- DCM methylene chloride
- DIAD diisopropyl azodicarboxylate
- DIBAL-H diisobutylaluminum hydride
- DIPEA diisopropylethylamine
- DEPC Dicyano diethyl phosphate
- DMA N, N-dimethylacetamide
- DMAP 4-(N, N-dimethylamino) pyridine
- DMF N, N-dimethylformamide
- DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide
- DTT dithiothreitol
- EDC 1-(3-dimethylamino
- the present invention includes compounds of formula (I) having at least one desired atomic isotope substitution in an amount higher than the natural abundance (ie enrichment) of the isotope and uses of the compounds.
- Isotopes are atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers, that is, the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
- Isotopic substitutions such as deuterium substitutions, can be partial or complete. Partial deuterium substitution means that at least one hydrogen is replaced by deuterium.
- the isotope is enriched by 90%, 95%, or 99% or more at any location of interest. In one embodiment, deuterium is enriched by 90%, 95%, or 99% at the desired location.
- C 1 -C 6 means a group containing 1 to 6 carbons.
- linker containing hydrophilic branches means that the main framework is C 2 -C 100 peptide unit (1-12 natural or unnatural amino acids), hydrazone bond group, disulfide group, ester group, An oxime group, an amide group or a thioether bond group.
- salt means a salt of a compound suitable for use in pharmaceutical preparations.
- the salt may be an acid addition salt, such as sulfate, hydrobromide, tartrate, methanesulfonate, maleate, citrate, phosphoric acid Salt, acetate, pamoate, hydroiodide, nitrate, hydrochloride, lactate, methyl sulfate, fumarate, benzoate, succinate, methanesulfonate, Lactobionate, suberate, tosylate, etc.
- acid addition salt such as sulfate, hydrobromide, tartrate, methanesulfonate, maleate, citrate, phosphoric acid Salt, acetate, pamoate, hydroiodide, nitrate, hydrochloride, lactate, methyl sulfate, fumarate, benzoate, succinate, methanesulfonate, Lactobionate, suberate, tosylate, etc.
- the salt may be the following salts, such as calcium salt, potassium salt, magnesium salt, meglumine salt, ammonium salt, zinc salt, piperazine salt, tromethamine salt , Lithium salt, choline salt, diethylamine salt, 4-phenylcyclohexylamine salt, benzathine salt, sodium salt, tetramethylammonium salt, etc. Polymorphic crystalline forms and solvates are also included in the scope of the present invention.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the present invention can be prepared by conventional chemical methods. Generally speaking, these salts can be formed by adding other suitable equivalent amounts of bases or acids to the free acid or alkali aqueous solution or organic solution or a mixed solution of the compounds of the present invention.
- the reaction medium of the non-aqueous phase is generally ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol or acetonitrile.
- compositions include all carriers, diluents, adjuvants or forming agents, such as preservatives, antioxidants, fillers, disintegrating agents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, solvents, dispersion media, coatings, Antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, etc.
- active auxiliary components can also be added to the pharmaceutical ingredients.
- formula (I) Indicates the chiral carbon atom site, which can be selected as pure R, pure S or a mixed structure of different ratios of R/S.
- Another aspect of the present invention is the production and preparation of antibodies. Including its production process or combination process in vivo, in vitro.
- the production methods of polyclonal antibodies against receptor peptides are well known, such as US Patent No. 4,493,795 (Nestor et al.).
- the classic method of preparing monoclonal antibodies is to immunize mice with specific antigens and fuse the isolated mouse spleen cells with myeloma cells (Kohler, G; Milstein, C. 1975. Nature 256:495-497).
- monoclonal antibodies can be obtained by immunizing mice, rats, hamsters or other mammals with the antigen of interest.
- the target antigens include: intact cells, antigens isolated from cells, intact viruses, weakened intact viruses and viral proteins.
- the spleen cells and myeloma cells were fused with PEG6000.
- the hybridomas obtained after the fusion are screened using their sensitivity to HAT.
- Monoclonal antibodies produced by hybridoma cells react with specific target cell receptors or inhibit receptor activity, which plays a role in the implementation of this invention.
- the monoclonal hybridoma cells obtained after fusion can secrete monoclonal antibodies against specific antigens.
- the monoclonal antibodies used in the invention are enriched by culturing monoclonal hybridoma cells in a nutrient-rich medium. The culture conditions need to ensure that the hybridoma cells have enough time to secrete the antibodies produced into the culture medium. After collecting the antibody-containing culture supernatant, the antibody is purified by well-known techniques.
- Separation methods include: protein A affinity chromatography; anion exchange chromatography, cation exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography and molecular sieve chromatography (especially affinity chromatography and molecular sieves using antigen cross-linked protein A) Chromatography is widely used); centrifugation; precipitation or other standard purification methods
- the effective medium and artificial synthetic medium required for hybridoma culture can be obtained through technical synthesis or commercial channels.
- a typical synthetic medium DMEM (Dulbecco et al. Virol 8: 396 (1959)) added 4.5mg/L glucose, 20mM glutamine, 20% fetal bovine serum and antifoaming agents, such as: polyoxyethylene polyoxygen Propylene copolymer.
- antibody-producing cell lines can also be constructed by other methods, such as: directly transfecting tumorigenic DNA into B lymphocytes, or introducing oncogenic virus genes (such as EBV, also known as HHV-4 or KSHV)
- oncogenic virus genes such as EBV, also known as HHV-4 or KSHV
- EBV also known as HHV-4 or KSHV
- B lymphocytes see US Patent Nos. 4,341,761; 4,399,121; 4,427,783; 4,444,887; 4,515,70; 4,466,917; 4,472,500; 4,491,632; 4,493,890.
- Monoclonal antibodies can also be prepared by anti-receptor polypeptides or carboxy-terminal polypeptides. For details, see Niman et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
- anti-receptor polypeptides or polypeptide analogs can be used alone or cross-linked immunogenic carriers as immunogens to prepare anti-receptor polypeptide monoclonal antibodies.
- Phage display technology obtains fully human antibodies that specifically bind to known antigens from a fully human antibody library through affinity screening.
- the phage display technology itself, vector construction and library screening are all well documented in the literature. For details, see Dente et al. Gene.148(1): 7-13 (1994); Little et al. Biotechnol Adv. 12(3): 539-55 (1994); Clackson et al. Nature 352:264-628 (1991); Huse et al. Science 246: 1275-1281 (1989).
- the monoclonal antibodies obtained from other species (such as mice) using hybridoma technology need to be humanized.
- the modified antibody can greatly reduce the immune side reaction caused by heterologous antibodies to the human body.
- the more common method of antibody humanization is the transplantation and remodeling of complementary determining domains.
- U.S. Patent Nos. 5859205 and 6797492 Liu et al., Immunol Rev. 222: 9-27 (2008); Almagro et al., Front Biosci. 1; 13: 1619-33 (2008); Lazar et al. Mol Immunol. 44(8) ): 1986-98 (2007); Li et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.
- Fully human antibodies can also be prepared by immunizing transgenic mice, rabbits, monkeys and other mammals carrying a large number of human immunoglobulin light and heavy chains with antigen. Take mice as an example: Xenomouse (Abgenix, Inc.), HuMab-Mouse (Medarex/BMS), VelociMouse (Regeneron), see: U.S. Patent No.: 6596541,6207418,6150584,6111166,6075181,5922545,5661016,5545806 , 5436149 and 5569825.
- Antibodies that are immunospecific to malignant cell antigens can be obtained through commercial channels or some mature technical methods, such as chemical synthesis or recombinant expression technology.
- the coding genes of such antibodies can also be obtained through commercial channels, such as GenBank database or other similar databases, published literature, or conventional cloning and sequencing methods.
- polypeptides or proteins can also be used as binding molecules to bind, block, attack or interact with corresponding receptors or epitopes on the surface of target cells by other means. As long as these polypeptides or proteins can specifically bind to specific epitopes or their corresponding receptors, they do not necessarily belong to the immunoglobulin family. These polypeptides can also be isolated by techniques similar to phage display antibodies (Szardenings, J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 2003; 23(4): 307-49). The peptide fragments obtained from random peptide libraries are similar to the application of antibodies and antibody fragments. A polypeptide or protein molecule can maintain its antigen binding specificity by connecting its binding molecules with some macromolecules or mediators. These macromolecules and media include albumin, polymers, liposomes, nanoparticles or dendrimers.
- antibodies used for coupling are as follows (but not limited to this): 3F8 (anti-GD2 antibody), Abbavozumab (anti-CA-125 antibody), Abciximab (anti-CD41 antibody (integrin ⁇ -IIB), adalimumab (anti-TNF- ⁇ antibody), adelimumab (anti-EpCAM antibody, CD326), afelimumab (anti- -TNF- ⁇ ); Aftu beads (anti-CD20 antibody), Alacizumab pegol (anti-VEGFR2 antibody), ALD518 (anti-IL-6 antibody), alemtuzumab (alias: Campath, MabCampath, Campas, Anti-CD52 antibody), Atutumomab (anti-CEA antibody), Anatumomab (anti-TAG-72 antibody), Anrukinzumab (alias: IMA-638, anti-IL-13 antibody), Apolizumab (alias: IMA-638, anti-IL
- J591 Anti-PSMA antibody, treatment of prostate cancer, Weill Cornell Medical College
- 225.28S anti-HMW-MAA (high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen) antibody, Sorin Radiofarmaci SRL (Milan, Italy) for treatment of melanoma
- COL-1 Anti-CEACAM3 antibody, CGM1, nat.cancer inst..
- Treatment of colorectal cancer and gastric cancer Treatment of colorectal cancer and gastric cancer
- CYT-356 Treatment of prostate cancer
- HNK20 OraVax, for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus
- ImmuRAIT from IMMUNOMEDICS for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Lym-1 anti-HLA-DR10 antibody, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, for cancer
- MAK-195F anti-TNF antibody (also known as: tumor necrosis factor; TNFA, tumor necrosis factor- ⁇ ; TNFSF2), Abbott/Nor, for the treatment of septic toxic shock]
- MEDI-500 [alias: T10B9 , Anti-CD3 antibody, TR ⁇ (T cell receptor ⁇ / ⁇ ), complex, MedImmune company for the treatment of graft-versus-host disease], RING SCAN [anti-TAG72 (tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 antibody), Neoprobe Group, for Treatment of breast, colon and rectal cancer.
- Avicidin anti-EpCAM antibody (epithelial cell adhesion molecule), anti-TACSTD1 antibody (tumor-associated calcium signal transduction 1), anti-GA733-2 (gastrointestinal tumor-associated protein 2), anti-EGP-2 antibody (epiglycoprotein 2) ); Anti-KSA antibody; KS1/4 antigen; M4S; tumor antigen 17-1A; CD326, from NeoRx company for the treatment of colon cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma; LymphoCide (IMMUNOMEDICS, NJ) , Smart ID10 (Protein Design Labs), Oncolym (Techniclone, California), Allomune (BioTransplant, CA), anti-VEGF antibody (Genentech, CA); CEAcide (IMMUNOMEDICS, NJ), IMC-1C11 (ImClone, NJ ) And Cetuximab (ImClone, New Jersey).
- IMMUNOMEDICS Smart ID10 (Protein Design Labs), On
- antibodies used to bind antigen include (but are not limited to): aminopeptidase N (CD13), annexin A1, B7-H3 (CD276, various cancers), CA125, CA15-3 (cancer), CA19- 9 (cancer), L6 (cancer), Lewis Y (cancer), Lewis X (cancer), alpha-fetoprotein (cancer), CA242, placental alkaline phosphatase (cancer), prostate specific antigen (prostate cancer), prostate Acid phosphatase (prostate), epidermal growth factor (carcinoma), CD2 (Hodgkin’s disease, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma), CD3 epsilon (T cell lymphoma, lung cancer, breast cancer) , Gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, autoimmune disease, malignant ascites), CD19 (B-cell malignant tumor), CD20 (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), CD22 (leukemia, lympho
- antigens are: other different clusters (CD1, CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD1d, CD1e, CD2, CD3, CD3d, CD3e, CD3g, CD4, CD5, CD6, CD7, CD8, CD8a, CD8b, CD9 , CD10, CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, CD11d, CD12w, CD14, CD15, CD16, CD16a, CD16b, CDw17, CD18, CD19, CD20, CD21, CD22, CD23, CD24, CD25, CD26, CD27, CD28, CD29, CD30 , CD31, CD32, CD32a, CD32b, CD33, CD34, CD35, CD36, CD37, CD38, CD39, CD40, CD41, CD42, CD42a, CD42b, CD42c, CD42d, CD43, CD44, CD45, CD46, CD47, CD48, CD49b , CD49c, CD49c, CD49d, CD
- the conjugate of the present invention is suitable for cancer treatment.
- cancers include, but are not limited to, adrenal cortex cancer, rectal cancer, bladder cancer, brain tumors (adults: brainstem glioma, children, cerebellar astrocytoma, astrocytoma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma) Tumor, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor, pineal gland, visual pathway and hypothalamic glioma), breast cancer, carcinoid tumor, gastrointestinal tract, unknown primary cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, endometrial cancer , Esophageal cancer, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, necessarily family tumors (PNET), extracranial malignant germ cell tumors, eye cancer, intraocular melanoma, gallbladder cancer, gastric cancer (stomach), germ cell tumors, extragonadal, gestational trophoblastic tumors , Head and neck cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer, islet cell carcinoma
- the conjugate of the present invention is suitable for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases.
- Autoimmune diseases include, but are not limited to, achlorhydria, autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, Addison's disease, gammaglobulinemia, alopecia areata, muscle atrophy Lateral sclerosis, ankylosing spondylitis, anti-glomerular basement membrane/tubular basement membrane nephritis, antiphospholipid syndrome, antisynthetic syndrome, arthritis, atopic hypersensitivity, allergic dermatitis, autoimmunity Aplastic anemia, autoimmune cardiomyopathy, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune inner ear disease, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, autoimmune peripheral nervous system disease, autoimmune Pancreatitis autoimmune polyendocrine disease type I, II, III, autoimmune progesterone dermatitis,
- the antigen-binding molecules for coupling for the treatment or prevention of autoimmune diseases include, but are not limited to: anti-elastin antibody; Abyss anti-epithelial cell antibody; anti-basement membrane type IV collagen antibody ; Anti-nuclear antibody; Anti-double-stranded DNA antibody; Anti-single-stranded DNA antibody, anti-cardiolipin antibody IgM, IgG; Anti-celiac (anti-celiac antibody) antibody; Anti-phospholipid antibody IgK, IgG; Anti-riboprotein antibody; Anti-mitochondrial antibody ; Thyroid antibody; Microsomal antibody, T-cell antibody; Thyroglobulin antibody, anti-scleroderma-70 antibody (anti-SCL-70); Human anti-Jo antibody (anti-jo); Anti-systemic lupus erythematosus itself Antibodies; Anti-Sjogren’s Syndrome Antibodies (Anti-La/SSB); Anti-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- the binding molecules used for conjugation in the present invention can bind to receptors or receptor complexes expressed by activated lymphocytes associated with autoimmune diseases.
- immunoglobulin gene superfamily members such as CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD28, CD30, CD33, CD37, CD38, CD70, CD79, CD79b, CD90, CD123, CD125, CD138, CD152/ CTLA-4, PD-1, or ICOS
- members of the TNF receptor superfamily such as CD27, CD40, CD95/Fas, CD134/OX40, CD137/4-1BB, INF-R1, TNFR-2, RANK, TACI, BCMA, osteoprotegerin, Apo2/TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2, TRAIL-R3, TRAIL-R4, Trop2 and 30 APO-3
- integrins such as CD27, CD40, CD95/Fas, CD134/OX40, CD137/4-1BB, INF-R1,
- useful binding partners immunospecific for viral or bacterial antigens are human or human monoclonal antibodies.
- viral antigen includes, but is not limited to: any viral peptide that can induce an immune response, polypeptide protein (for example, HIV gp120, HIV nef, RSV F glycoprotein, influenza virus neuraminidase, influenza virus blood Lectin, human T lymphocyte virus infection regulator tax, herpes simplex virus glycoproteins (eg, gB, gC, gD and gE) and hepatitis B surface antigen).
- polypeptide protein for example, HIV gp120, HIV nef, RSV F glycoprotein, influenza virus neuraminidase, influenza virus blood Lectin, human T lymphocyte virus infection regulator tax, herpes simplex virus glycoproteins (eg, gB, gC, gD and gE) and hepatitis B surface antigen).
- bacteria antigen includes, but is not limited to: any microbial peptides, polypeptide proteins, carbohydrates, polysaccharides, lipid molecules (for example, bacteria, fungi, pathogenic protozoa, Yeast polypeptides include, for example, lipopolysaccharides and capsular polysaccharides (5/8).
- Useful type I antibodies that can be used to treat viral or bacterial infections include, but are not limited to: Palivizumab, a human anti-respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody used to treat RSV infection; PRO542, a CD4 fusion antibody for the treatment of HIV infection; Ostavir, a humanized antibody for the treatment of hepatitis B virus; PROTVIR, a humanized antibody for the treatment of cytomegalovirus IgG.sub.1, and anti-lipopolysaccharide (anti- LPS) antibodies.
- the conjugate of the present invention can be used to treat infectious diseases.
- infectious diseases include, but are not limited to: Acinetobacter infection, actinomycosis, African sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis), AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), amebiasis, microsporidiosis, anthrax , Cryptobacillus hemolyticus infection, Argentine hemorrhagic fever, ascariasis, aspergillosis, astrovirus infection, Babesia, Bacillus cereus infection, bacterial pneumonia, bacterial vaginosis, Bacteroides infection, small bagworm disease, Bailey roundworm infection, BK virus infection, black sarcoidosis, Blastocystis hominis infection, Blastomyces, Perun hemorrhagic fever, Borrelia infection, botulism (and infant botulism), Brazilian hemorrhagic fever, Brucella Bacillosis, Burkholderia infection, Buruli ulcer, Calicivirus
- the antibody binding molecules previously described in this patent can be used against pathogenic strains, including, but not limited to: Acinetobacter baumannii, Actinomyces israelia, Actinomyces gordonii and Propionibacterium propionate, Trypanosoma brucei Insects, HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), Entamoeba histolytica, Anaplasma, Bacillus anthracis, Cryptobacterium hemolyticus, Junin virus, Ascaris, Aspergillus, Astrovirus family, Babesia, Bacillus cereus Bacillus, Polybacteria, Bacteroides, Colonic ciliates, Bailey Ascaris, BK virus, Nodularia hoodia, Blastocystis hominis, Blastomyces dermatitis, Arenavirus, Borrelia, Clostridium botulinum Bacteria, Chrysalis, Brucella, usually Burkholderia cepacia and other Burkholderi
- Antibodies acting on pathogenic virus antigens include the following examples but not limited to: variola virus, herpes virus, adenovirus, papovavirus, intestine Daoviridae, Parvoviridae, Parvoviridae, Reovirus, Retroviridae, Influenza virus, Parainfluenza virus, Mumps, Measles, Respiratory syncytial virus, Rubella, Arbovirus, Rhabdovirus, Arenaviridae, Non-A/Non-B hepatitis virus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, rotaviridae, tumor virus [e.g., hepatitis B virus (hepatocellular carcinoma), human papilloma virus (cervical cancer, Anal cancer), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (Kaposi's sarcoma), Epstein-Barr virus (n
- the present invention also includes the above-mentioned conjugate components combined with other feasible drug carriers as therapeutic drugs for cancer and autoimmune diseases.
- the methods of the present invention for treating cancer and autoimmune diseases include in vitro, in vivo or indirect in vivo therapy.
- in vitro therapy applications include treating cells cultured in vitro with drugs to kill all cells except cells that do not express the target antigen; or killing cells that express unwanted antigens.
- hematopoietic stem cells are processed in vitro, the diseased or malignant cells are killed and then returned to the original patient.
- the tumor cells or lymphocytes in the bone marrow are removed by indirect in vivo treatment and then returned to the original patient to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases, or the T cells and other lymphocytes in the bone marrow are removed before transplantation to prevent transplantation.
- Immune antagonistic response The method of implementation is as follows: bone marrow cells are obtained from patients or other individuals, and then cultured in a serum-containing medium containing the conjugate of the present invention at 37°C.
- the drug concentration ranges from 1 pM to 0.1 mM, and the culture time is about 30 minutes to about 48 hours. .
- the specific drug concentration and incubation time are determined by experienced clinicians.
- the bone marrow cells are washed with serum-containing medium and then injected back into the human body by intravenous injection. If the patient needs other treatments before obtaining bone marrow cells and reinfusion treatment, such as ablative chemotherapy or systemic radiotherapy, the processed bone marrow cells can be stored in qualified liquid nitrogen medical equipment.
- the conjugate of the present invention When used in in vivo clinical applications, the conjugate of the present invention will be provided in the form of a solution or a freeze-dried solid that can be dissolved in sterile water and injected.
- suitable conjugate administration methods are as follows: the conjugate is injected intravenously once a week for 4-12 weeks. A single dose is dissolved in 50 to 500 ml of normal saline, and normal saline can be added to human serum albumin (for example, 0.5 to 1 ml of 100 mg/ml concentrated human serum albumin).
- the drug dose is about 50 ⁇ g to 20mg per kilogram of body weight per week, intravenous injection (each injection of 10ug to 200mg/kg body weight). After 4 to 12 weeks of treatment, the patient can receive a new round of treatment.
- the detailed treatment method including the route of administration, excipients, diluents, drug dosage, treatment time, etc. can be determined by experienced surgeons.
- diseases that can selectively kill cell populations in vivo or indirectly in vivo include any kind of malignant tumors, autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and infections (including viruses, bacteria or parasites).
- the amount of conjugate required to achieve the desired biological effect will vary depending on many factors, including the nature of the compound, the efficacy and the bioavailability of the conjugate, the type of disease, and the race of the patient, The patient's disease state, route of administration, all these factors together determine the schedule and method of administration.
- the conjugate of the present invention can be used for parenteral administration by dissolving in a physiological buffer at a mass-volume ratio of 0.1 to 10%.
- the typical dose of the drug ranges from 1 ug to 0.1 g per kilogram of body weight per day; the recommended dose of drug ranges from 0.01 mg to 20 mg per kilogram of body weight per day or equivalent doses for children.
- the recommended dosage depends on many variables, including the type of disease or dysfunction, the overall health status of the individual patient, the relative biological activity of the coupled drug, the dosage form of the compound, and the method of administration (intravenous injection, intramuscular injection) , Or other), the pharmacokinetic properties of the selected administration mode, as well as the speed of administration (single injection or continuous infusion) and the schedule of administration (the number of administrations within a certain period of time).
- the conjugate of the present invention can also be administered in the form of a unit dose.
- the "unit dose” here refers to the dose administered by a patient at a time.
- the unit dose of the drug can be simply and conveniently packaged and used, and the unit dose of the drug is to maintain The physically and chemically stable active conjugate itself, or a pharmaceutically acceptable mixture as described later.
- a typical daily dose ranges from 0.01 to 100 mg per kilogram of body weight. In general, the daily unit dose for humans ranges from 1 to 3000 mg.
- the recommended unit dose is 1 mg to 500 mg, administered four times a day, or 10 mg to 500 mg, once a day.
- the conjugate of the present invention can be prepared into pharmaceutical preparations by adding one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
- the unit dose of the drug can be used for oral administration, such as tablets, simple capsules or soft capsules; or intranasal administration, such as powder, nose drops, or spray; or through the skin, such as ointment Preparations, creams, lotions, gels or sprays or skin patches.
- the medicament can be conveniently administered in the form of a unit dose, and prepared by any known pharmaceutical method, such as Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21th ed.; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, PA, 2005. Methods.
- the pharmaceutical dosage form containing the compound of the present invention includes oral or parenteral administration of the pharmaceutical composition.
- dosage forms such as tablets, powders, capsules, tablets (lozenges), etc. may contain one or more of the following raw materials or other compounds with similar properties: binders, such as microcrystalline cellulose or Tragacanth; diluents, such as starch or lactose; dispersants, such as starch and cellulose derivatives; lubricants, such as magnesium stearate; glidants, such as colloidal silica; sweeteners, such as sucrose or saccharin ; Flavour enhancers, such as peppermint or methyl salicylate.
- Capsules can be in the form of hard capsules or soft capsules.
- a mixture of gelatin is selectively mixed with a plasticizer, and the same applies to starch capsules.
- the physical form of the unit dose can be changed by adding a variety of different materials, such as sugar coating, shellac or enteric agent.
- Other oral dosage forms such as syrups or elixirs may contain sweetening agents, preservatives, pigments, coloring agents and flavoring agents.
- the active compound can be made into a fast-dissolving dosage form, a slow-release dosage form or a sustained-release agent through different treatments and formulations, of which the sustained-release agent is a better dosage form.
- the tablet preferably contains lactose, corn starch, magnesium silicate, croscarmellose sodium, polyvinylpyrrolidone, magnesium stearate, talc and other combinations.
- Liquid medicines for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions and emulsions. Liquid medicines may also contain binders, buffers, preservatives, chelating agents, sweeteners, flavoring and coloring agents, etc.
- Non-aqueous solvents include ethanol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils such as olive oil and organic lipids such as ethyl oleate.
- Aqueous solvents include a mixture of water, ethanol, buffer reagents and salts, especially biocompatible, degradable lactide polymers, lactide/glycolide polymers or polyethylene glycol/polyglycerol Alcohol copolymers can be used as excipients to control the release of active drugs.
- Excipients for intravenous injection can include fluid and nutritional supplements, electrolyte supplements, and Ringer's dextrose-based excipients, and similar excipients.
- Other feasible parenteral administration systems for the active drugs of the present invention include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer particles, implantable osmotic pumps and liposomes.
- inhalants including dry powders, aerosols and water drops.
- the inhalant can be a solution containing, for example, polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether, glycocholate, deoxycholate or oil, and can be administered in the form of nasal drops or intranasal colloid.
- Buccal agents include, for example, lozenges, candy lozenges, etc., which may contain flavoring agents such as sucrose, gum arabic, and other auxiliary materials such as glycocholate.
- Suppositories are suitable in unit dose form, with solids such as cocoa butter as a carrier, and salicylic acid can also be added.
- plasters, emulsions, lotions, patches, gels, sprays, aerosols or oils are the first choice.
- Vaseline, lanolin, polyethylene glycol, alcohols and their mixtures can be used as drug carriers.
- the dosage form for skin administration can be patch, emulsion, buffer solution, dissolved or dispersed in polymer or adhesive.
- the conjugate of the present invention can work with other known or unknown therapeutic drugs, such as chemotherapy drugs, radiotherapy, immunotherapy drugs, autoimmune disease drugs, anti-infective drugs or other antibody drug conjugates, Achieve synergy.
- Synergistic drugs or radiotherapy can be administered or performed before or after administration of the conjugate of the invention. It can be 1 hour, 12 hours, one day, one week, one month, or several months before or after taking the conjugate of the present invention.
- the synergistic drugs include but are not limited to:
- Chemotherapeutic drugs a). Alkylation reagents: such as [Chlorambucil: (Chlorambucil, Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Chlorambucil, Melphalan, Cyclophosphamide); Nitroureas: (Carmustine, Lomustine); Alkyl Sulfonates: (Busulfan, Susulfan); Triazenes: (Dacarbazine); Platinum Compounds: (Carboplatin , Cisplatin, oxaliplatin)]; b).
- Alkylation reagents such as [Chlorambucil: (Chlorambucil, Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Chlorambucil, Melphalan, Cyclophosphamide); Nitroureas: (Carmustine, Lomustine); Alkyl Sulfonates: (Busulfan, Susulfan); Triazenes: (Dacarbazine);
- Plant alkaloids such as [vinca alkaloids: (vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, vinorelbine); taxane compounds: (paclitaxel , Taxotere)]; c).
- DNA topoisomerase inhibitors such as [epitopodophyll resin: (9-aminocamptothecin, camptothecin, clinato, etoposide, etoposide phosphate) , Irinotecan, teniposide, topotecan,); mitomycin: (mitomycin C)]; d).
- Antimetabolites such as ⁇ [antifolate: dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor : (Methotrexate, Trimetrexate); IMP dehydrogenase inhibitors (mycophenolic acid, formamidothiazole, ribavirin, EICAR); ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors (hydroxyurea, iron Amine)]; [Pyrimidine analogues: Uracil analogues: (5-Fluorouracil, deoxyfluridine, raltitrexed (Tuoyoude)); Cytosine analogues: (cytarabine, arabinocytosine) Glycoside, fludarabine); purine analogues: (azathioprine, mercaptopurine, guanine)] ⁇ ; e).
- Hormones such as ⁇ receptor antagonist: [antiestrogens: (megestrol, Raloxifene, tamoxifen); LHRH agonists: (goserelin, leuprolide acetate); antiandrogens: (bicalutamide, flutamide)]; tretinoin/deltoid muscle: [Vitamin D3 analogs (CB 1093, EB 1089 KH 1060, cholecalciferol, vitamin D2); photodynamic therapy: (for this, phthalocyanine photosensitizer, PC4, demethoxymethyl); cytokines: (interferon - ⁇ , interferon- ⁇ , tumor necrosis factor (tumor necrosis factor), human protein contains TNF domain)] ⁇ f).
- ⁇ receptor antagonist [antiestrogens: (megestrol, Raloxifene, tamoxifen); LHRH agonists: (goserelin, leuprolide acetate
- Kinase inhibitors such as bibw 2992 (anti-EGFR/Erb2), imatinib, gemfibrine Tinib, pagatanib, sorafenib, dasatinib, sunitinib, erlotinib, nilotinib, lapatinib, axitinib, pazopanib, pona Tinib, Vandetanib, Flumatinib, e7080 (anti-VEGFR2), Moritinib, Meditinib, Pranatinib (ap24534), HQP1351, Bafitinib (INNO-406), Bosu Tinib (SKI-606), Sunitinib, Cabotinib, Volitinib, Vermodil, Iniparib, Ruxolitinib, CYT387, Axitinib, Tivozanib, Bevacizumab, Sorafenib, tras
- gemcitabine such as lenalidomide
- bortezomib Thalidomide such as lenalidomide
- lenalidomide such as lenalidomide
- pomalidomide such as lenalidomide
- toxedote zybrestat
- PLX4 032 sta-9090
- Stimuvax such as lovastatin
- dopaminergic neurotoxins such as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine ion
- Cell cycle inhibitors such as staurosporine
- actinomycin such as actinomycin D, dactinomycin
- pingyangmycin such as bleomycin, bleomycin A2, B2, peiro Anthracycline
- anthracycline antibiotics such as erythromycin, doxorubicin (adriamycin), idarubicin, epirubicin, pirarubici
- Anti-autoimmune disease agents include, but are not limited to: cyclosporine, cyclosporine A, azathioprine, aminocaproic acid, bromocriptine, chlorambucil, chloroquine, cyclophosphamide, glucocorticoids (Such as hormonal drugs, betamethasone, budesonide, flunisolide, fluticasone propionate, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, fluocondrodanazole, triamcinolone acetonide, beclomethasone propionate), Dehydroepiandrosterone, etanercept, hydroxychloroquine, infliximab, meloxicam, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, sirolimus, tacrolimus, prednisone
- Anti-infectious agents include, but are not limited to: a). Aminoglycosides: Amikacin, Wuyimycin, Gentamicin (netilmicin, sisomicin, isepamicin ), hygromycin, kanamycin (amikacin, arbekacin, aminodeoxykanamycin, dibekacin, tobramycin) neomycin (neomycin B, Paromomycin, Ribomycin), Netilmicin, Spectinomycin, Streptomycin, Tobramycin, Methyl stilomycin; b) Amido alcohols: chloramphenicol azide, chlorine Thiamphenicol, thiamphenicol, thiamphenicol; c).
- Ansamycins Geldanamycin, herbimycin; d).
- Carbapenems Biapenem, Donipel South, ertapenem, imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem, panipenem; e).
- Cephalosporins carbocephalosporin (chlorocarbef), cefacetonitrile, cefaclor, cefradine, cephalosporin Amoxicillin, Ceflanine, Cefotaxime, Cefalotin or Cephalosporin, Cephalexin, Cephalosporin, Cefmandol, Cefpirin, Ceftriazine, Cefazolin, Cefazidone, Cefazolin, Cephalosporin Lazon, Cefcapine, Cefdioxime, Cefepime, Cefminox, Cefoxitin, Cefprozil, Cefoxadine, Cefotiazole, Cefuroxime, Cefdioxime, Cefdinir, Cefditoren, Cefdioxime Pyroxime, ceftazime, cefmenoxime, cefodizime, cefnixi, cefoperazone, cefradit, cefotaxime
- Glycopeptides Bleomycin, Vancomycin (Olivancin, Special Lavancin), teicoplanin (dalbavancin), ramoranine, daptomycin; g). Glycyl: such as tigecycline; h). ⁇ -lactamase inhibitor: green Mycin (sulbactam, tazobactam), clavulatan (clavulanic acid); i). Lincosamides: clindamycin, lincomycin; j). lipopeptide: daptomycin , A54145, calcium-dependent antibiotic (CDA); k).
- CDA calcium-dependent antibiotic
- Macrolides azithromycin, quinerythromycin, quinerythromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, erythromycin, fluorored Josamycin, josamycin, ketolactones (telithromycin, quinerythromycin quinerythromycin quinerythromycin quinerythromycin quinerythromycin), mediocin, meocamycin, oleomycin, Famycin (rifampicin, rifampicin, rifabutin, rifapentin), rotamycin, roxithromycin, spectinomycin, spiramycin, tacrolimus (FK506), vinegar Eleamycin, telithromycin; l).
- Monocyclic ⁇ -lactam antibiotics aztreonam, tigemonam; m). oxazolidinones: linezolid; n).
- Penicillins amoxicillin , Ampicillin (Pimacillin, Hetacillin, Bazamicillin, Metancillin, Phthalocillin) Azociillin, Alocillin, Penicillin, Benzathine penicillin, Phenoxybenzaprine, Clomethacillin, General Lucaine penicillin, Carbenicillin (Carbenicillin), o-Clocicillin, Dicloxacillin, Pioneermycin, Flucloxacillin, Mecillin (Azemidine penicillin diester), Mezlocillin, Methicillin, Nafcillin, Benzazole Cillin, acemethicillin, penicillin, necillin, penicillin, piperacillin, phenprocillin, sulbenicillin, temoxicillin, ticarcillin; o).
- Peptides bacitracin, polymyxin E, polymyxa Su B; p).
- Quinolones alafloxacin, balofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, clinfloxacin, danofloxacin, difloxacin, enoxacin, enrofloxacin, Floxin, plus Rafloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Gapafloxacin, Travafloxacin Kano, Levofloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Marbofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Nafloxacin, Norfloxacin, Orbifloxacin, Ofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Travafloxacin, Gapafloxacin, Sitafloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Temafloxacin, Tosufloxacin, Travafloxacin; q ).
- Sulfa drugs Sulfamethuron, Pyramidol, Sulfaacetamide, Sulfamethan, Sulfa, Sulfasalazine , Sulfisoxazole, trimethoprim, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (compound trimethoprim); s).
- Steroid antibacterial drugs such as fusidic acid; t).
- Tetracyclines powerful Chlortetracycline, Chlortetracycline, Chlortetracycline, Dimecycline, Lymecycline, Chlormethene oxytetracycline, Metacycline, Minocycline, Oxytetracycline, Penicillin, Rolicycline, Tetracycline, Glycine Aminoacyl (such as tigecycline); u).
- antibiotics Annonaceae, Arsavanamine, bacterial terpene alcohol inhibitor (Bacitracin), Dadal/AR inhibitor (cycloserine), dictyostatin, sponge Lactone, Eurisalox, Epothilone, Ethambutol, Etoposide, Faropenem, Fusidic Acid, Fusidic Acid, Isoniazid, Laulimalide, Metronidazole, Mupirocin, mycolactones, NAM synthesis inhibitors (such as fosfomycin), nitrofurantoin, paclitaxel, slabmycin, pyrazinamide, quinupristin/dalfopristin, rifampin (rifampicin), tazobactam tinid Azole, annonaceous lactone;
- Antiviral drugs a). Entry/fusion inhibitors: aplaviroc, Maraviro, Veriveiro, gp41 (Enfuvir), PRO140, CD4 (Ibalizumab); b). Integrase inhibition Agents: Lategravir, elvitegravir, globoidnan A; c). Maturation inhibitor: Bevirima, becon; d). Neuraminidase inhibitor: Oseltamivir, Zanamivir, Pala Mivir; e).
- Nucleosides and nucleotides abacavir, acyclovir, adefovir, amdosovo, apricitabine, brivudine, cidofovirclavudine, dextrovir Tabine, didanosine (DDI), ifetabine, emtricitabine (FTC), entecavir, famciclovir, fluorouracil (5-FU), 3'-fluoro substituted 2', 3'-di Deoxynucleoside analogues (e.g., 3'-fluoro-2', 3'-dideoxythymidine (FLT) and 3'-fluoro-2', 3'-dideoxy (FLG) fomivirsen, ganciclones Lovir, iodoside, lamivudine (3TC), L-nucleoside (such as ⁇ -L-thymidine, ⁇ -L-2'-deoxycy
- Non-nucleosides amantadine, ateviridine, capvirin, diarylpyrimidine (etravirin, ripavirin), deira Viridine, behenyl alcohol, emivirine, efavirenz, foscarnet (phosphoryl formic acid), imiquimod, interferon alpha, loviramide, lordadenosine, tapazole, nevirapine, NOV-205, peginterferon alpha, podophyllotoxin, rifampicin, rimantadine, resiquimod (R-848), acetamine adamantane; g).
- Protease inhibitor amprenavir , Atazanavir, Beaucepvir, Darunavir, Fosamprenavir, Indinavir, Lopinavir, Nefinavir, pleconaril, Ritonavir, Saquinavir, Terra Pivir (VX-950) Telanavir; h).
- antiviral drugs abzyme, arbidol, calanolides A, cerulenin, cyanobacteria-N, diarylpyrimidine, epigallium Catechin Gallate (EGCG), Foscarnet Sodium, Grifson, Talivirin (Viramididine), Hydroxyurea, KP-1461, Miltefosine, Praconaride, Synthesis Inhibitor , Ribavirin, seliciclib;
- immunotherapy drugs such as imiquimod, interferons (such as ⁇ , ⁇ ), granulocyte colony stimulating factors, cytokines, interleukins (IL-1 ⁇ IL-35), antibodies (such as trast Mab, Pertuzumab, Bevacizumab, Cetuximab, Panitumumab, Infliximab, Adalimumab, Basiliximab, Daclizumab, Omalizumab Monoclonal antibody), protein-binding drug (for example, Abraxane), an antibody-binding drug selected from calicheamicin derivatives, maytansine derivatives (DM1 and DM4), CC-1065 and dokamycin minor groove agents, Effective taxol derivatives, doxorubicin, aritatin anti-mitotic drugs (such as trastuzumab-DM1, Inotuzumab monoclonal antibody, brentuximab vedotin, Glembatumumab vedotin,
- the present invention also relates to the preparation process of the antibody drug conjugate.
- the conjugate of the present invention can be prepared by a variety of well-known methods in this field.
- the antimitotic agent in the conjugate of the present invention can be synthesized according to the following method or an improved method described below.
- these improvement methods are well-known and obvious methods that are easily obtained from scientific and technological literature. In particular, these methods are introduced in the book "Comprehensive Organic Transformations" (written by R.C. Larock, 1999, Wiley-VCH Publishing, 2nd Edition).
- reaction temperature that is easier to handle is usually between -80°C to 150°C (better between room temperature and 100°C).
- time required for the reaction can also vary widely. Of course, this depends on many factors, especially the reaction temperature and the nature of the solvent used. Generally speaking, for an ideal reaction, a reaction time of 3 to 20 hours is appropriate.
- the operation treatment after the completion of the reaction can be carried out in a conventional manner.
- the reaction product can be recovered by distilling off the solvent from the reaction system.
- the solvent is evaporated, the remainder can be poured into water, and then extracted with an organic solvent that is immiscible with water.
- the extraction solvent is evaporated, the reaction product can be obtained.
- it can be further purified by various common methods, such as recrystallization, sedimentation or various chromatographic methods. Generally speaking, column chromatography and preparative thin-plate chromatography are more commonly used.
- the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, and the content of these examples is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
- the cell lines except for special instructions, are stored under the conditions specified by the American Standard Culture Collection (ATCC), the German Culture Collection (DSMZ) or the Shanghai Cell Culture Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Except for special instructions, cell culture reagents are from Invitrogen. All anhydrous reagents are commercially obtained and stored in Sure-Seal sealed bottles. Other reagents and solvents were purchased according to the highest specifications and were used without further treatment. Use Varain PreStar HPLC for preparative HPLC separation. The NMR spectrum was obtained on a Bruker 500MHz instrument.
- the crude product is mixed with silica gel (1.5kg) and mixed well, and purified by silica gel column (10kg) column chromatography (10-20% ethyl acetate/petroleum ether gradient elution) to obtain a brown oil, which is the target compound (509g, 92% yield).
- the acetal (300g, 1.16mol) solution in acetone (3.0L) was heated to reflux, and 4N HCl solution (250mL) was added dropwise within 1.0 hour. TLC showed that the reaction of the starting material was complete.
- the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and the two phases were separated.
- the organic phase was diluted with ethyl acetate (1.5L), washed with saturated NaHCO 3 aqueous solution (1.0L), water (1.0L) and brine (1.0L), and then dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. Combine all the aqueous phases and back-extract with ethyl acetate, and dry the organic phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate.
- the organic phase was concentrated, and the crude product obtained was slurried with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (5:1) solution, the precipitated solid was collected by vacuum filtration, and washed with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (10:1) solution.
- the filtrate was concentrated and purified by column chromatography (0-15% ethyl acetate/petroleum ether), and all the solids were combined to obtain 40 g (43% yield) of the target product, which was a white or bright yellow solid.
- Azido-Ile-OH (8,153g, 0.97mol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (1.5L) and cooled to 0°C, and NMM (214mL, 1.94mol) and isobutyl chloroformate (95mL, 0.73mol) were added in sequence. After stirring at 0°C for 1 hour, compound 7 (150 g, 0.49 mmol) was added in portions. After stirring for 30 minutes at 0°C, it was gradually raised to room temperature and stirring was continued for 2 hours. The reaction was quenched with ice water at 0°C and extracted three times with ethyl acetate.
- reaction solution was diluted with water (6L), stirred for 30 minutes, the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane (2L ⁇ 2), the organic phases were combined, washed with water (2L), brine (2L), dried and filtered, and concentrated to obtain a white solid 542g (95% yield).
- the reaction was allowed to rise slowly, and stirring was continued for about 1 hour.
- the reaction solution was heated to about -30°C, and TLC monitoring showed that the reaction was complete.
- HATU (39.9 g, 105 mmol) was added to a solution of 4-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)butyric acid (26.1 g, 110 mmol) in DMF (300 mL). After stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes, the reaction mixture was added to a solution of compound 30 (39.4 g, 100 mmol) and triethylamine (20.2 g, 200 mmol) in DMF (300 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, diluted with water, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with saturated brine and dried over sodium sulfate.
- a DMF (60 mL) solution of compound 36 (36.0 g, based on 25.4 mmol) was added to the reaction flask and cooled to 5° C. in an ice water bath.
- the concentrated solution was diluted with dichloromethane, cooled to 5°C in an ice water bath, and formic acid was slowly added dropwise to adjust the pH to 3.0-4.0. After that, it was concentrated until no solvent was evaporated, and the residue was transferred to a silica gel column, eluted with n-hexane/ethyl acetate/formic acid and dichloromethane/methanol/formic acid, and concentrated to obtain a purified crude product.
- propionyl chloride (315g, 3.4mol) dropwise, after the dropwise addition, react at -70°C for 1 hour, slowly warm up to room temperature, pour the reaction solution into ice saturated aqueous salt solution (7L), and extract with ethyl acetate (3 ⁇ 2L), combine the organic phases, wash once with water (2L), wash once with saturated salt solution (2L), dry with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filter, spin dry, and purify with silica gel column (pure petroleum ether to 5:1 petroleum Ether/ethyl acetate) to obtain 500 g of a colorless oil with a yield of 87%.
- silica gel column pure petroleum ether to 5:1 petroleum Ether/ethyl acetate
- compound 38 (92.6g, 0.50mol) was dissolved in anhydrous dichloromethane (1.5L), the temperature was reduced to -10°C, and diisopropylethylamine (70.5g, 0.54mol) and n-Bu 2 BOTf (1.0M dichloromethane solution, 500 mL, 0.50 mol) was added dropwise to the reaction flask, reacted at 0°C for 1 hour, and then cooled to -78°C, and compound 25 (161 g, 0.45 mol) The methyl chloride (1L) solution was added dropwise into the reaction flask, and the temperature of the solution did not exceed -70°C.
- compound 39 (200g, 0.37mol) was dissolved in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (3.5L), and dithiocarbonylimidazole (198g, 1.11mol) was added. The reaction was refluxed for 8 hours, and dithiocarbonylimidazole (65g) was added. , 0.37mol), react overnight. The reaction was cooled to room temperature the next day, concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent, and purified on a silica gel column (pure petroleum ether to 5:1 petroleum ether/ethyl acetate) to obtain an oily liquid (170 g, yield 83%).
- compound 40 (210g, 323mmol) was dissolved in dry toluene (3L), and tri-n-butylstannane (182g, 646mmol) and azobisisobutyronitrile (0.5g, 3.23mmol) were added under nitrogen protection. ), react at reflux for 2 hours, cool to room temperature, spin dry, and purify by silica gel column (pure petroleum ether to 5:1 petroleum ether/ethyl acetate) to obtain an oily substance (141 g, 83% yield).
- Dissolve compound 52 (67g, 94.2mmol) in 0.75L DMF, cool with ice water, add DIPEA (48.6g, 376.8mmol), keep the reaction solution at 10 to 20 degrees, slowly add compound 53 (105g, crude , Based on 94.2mmol). React at room temperature for 1 hour, concentrate, dilute with dichloromethane, wash with water, and extract the aqueous phase with dichloromethane. The organic phases were combined, washed with 0.2N hydrochloric acid, saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography (50%-100% ethyl acetate/petroleum ether, then 10% methanol/dichloromethane) yielded 80.5 g of the product with a yield of 98%.
- the concentrated solution was diluted with dichloromethane, cooled to 5°C in an ice water bath, and formic acid was slowly added dropwise to adjust the pH to 3.0-4.0. After that, it was concentrated on a rotary evaporator until no solvent was evaporated, and the residue was transferred to a silica gel column, eluted with n-hexane/ethyl acetate/formic acid and dichloromethane/methanol/formic acid, and concentrated to obtain a purified crude product.
- Dissolve compound 71 (8.2g, 7.6mmol) in DMF (80mL) solution, cool the reaction flask to 0-5°C with an ice-water bath, add 18 (5.2g, 7.6mmol) DMF solution (20mL), add slowly DIPEA (4mL, 22.8mmol) into the reaction flask. Control the dropping rate to keep the temperature of the reaction solution between 5-10°C during the entire dropping process. After the dropping is completed, remove the ice-water bath, allow the reaction to warm to room temperature, and stir for 1.5 hours. Concentrate, add dichloromethane (100mL), add formic acid under ice bath to adjust the pH to 3-4, concentrate, and purify on silica gel column.
- the eluent is 20-100% ethyl acetate/n-hexane and 0-20% methanol/ Dichloromethane (each containing 0.1% formic acid), the crude product (11.44g) obtained by purification on a silica gel column was purified by preparative HPLC. The eluent was 20-30% acetonitrile/water (each containing 0.1% formic acid). Compound 72 (6.8 g, yield 60%) was obtained by drying. ESI m/z C 71 H 115 N 10 O 22 S[M+H] + : calculated value 1491.78, actual measured value 1492.01.
- Dissolve compound 76 (16.7 g, 24.8 mmol) in 200 mL of DMF, cool in ice water, add DIPEA (12.9 g, 0.10 mol), keep the reaction solution at 10 degrees to 20 degrees, slowly add compound 53 (30 g, crude , Based on 24.8mmol). React at room temperature for 1 hour, concentrate, dilute with dichloromethane, wash with water, and extract the aqueous phase with dichloromethane. The organic phases were combined, washed with 0.2N hydrochloric acid, saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography (50%-100% ethyl acetate/petroleum ether, then 10% methanol/dichloromethane) gave 20 g of the product with a yield of 98%.
- H 2 N-PEG 4 -CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 H (3.0g, 11.3mmol, 1.0eq.) and K 2 CO 3 (4.7g, 33.93mmol, 3.0eq.) were dissolved in 50mL In water and cool on an ice water bath.
- BocHN-PEG 4 -CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 H (0.81 g, 2.22 mmol, 1.0 eq.)
- K 2 CO 3 (0.92 g, 6.66 mmol, 3.0 eq.
- NaI 0.033g, 0.222mmol, 0.1eq.
- BnBr (0.57g, 3.33mmol, 1.5eq.) was added dropwise, the mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight.
- H 2 N-PEG 4 -CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 H (2.8g, 10.4mmol, 1.0eq.) and K 2 CO 3 (4.3g, 31.2mmol, 3.0eq.) were dissolved in 40mL
- a solution of compound 79 in tetrahydrofuran (40 mL) (3.8 g, 10.4 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was added dropwise and the mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight.
- reaction mixture was adjusted to pH 4-5 with 1N KHSO 4 , extracted with dichloromethane (150 mL ⁇ 1, 100 mL ⁇ 2), washed with water (200 mL ⁇ 1) and brine (200 mL ⁇ 1), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in a small amount of dichloromethane and loaded onto a silica gel column and eluted with 4-6% methanol/dichloromethane to obtain a colorless oil (5.18 g, 81% yield).
- ESI m/z C 27 H 53 N 2 O 13 [M+H] + calculated value 613.3, actual measured value 613.3.
- H 2 N-PEG 4 -CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 Bn (crude product from the previous step) was dissolved in 3 mL DMF, cooled on an ice/water bath, and DIPEA (0.78 g, 6.0 mmol, 4.0 eq. ), and then add compound 80 (0.93g, 1.5mmol, 1.0eq.) in DMF (7mL) solution and HATU (1.72g, 4.5mmol, 3.0eq.).
- compound 82 (0.64 g, 1.05 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was stirred in a mixed solution of 5 mL dichloromethane and 2 mL TFA for 2 hours, and then concentrated. The residue was concentrated three times with dichloromethane and placed under a high vacuum pump. The above crude product was redissolved in 3 mL DMF and cooled on an ice water bath. To this was added compound 80 (0.64g, 1.05mmol, 1.0eq.) in DMF (7mL) solution, and then DIPEA (0.54g, 4.20mmol, 4.0eq.) and HATU (1.2g, 3.15mmol, 3.0eq.) ).
- Raney-Ni (7.5 g, suspended in water) was washed with water (three times) and isopropanol (three times), and mixed with compound 103 (5.0 g, 16.5 mmol) in isopropanol.
- the mixture was stirred under a hydrogen balloon at room temperature for 16 hours, then filtered through a pad of Celite, the pad was washed with isopropanol and the filtrate was concentrated, and purified by column chromatography (5-25% methanol/dichloromethane) to give a pale yellow oil (2.60 g, 57% yield).
- HATU (0.50 g, 1.32 mmol) and triethylamine (0.06 mL, 1.32 mmol) were added to a dichloromethane (10 mL) solution of compound 111 (1.00 g, 1.32 mmol).
- the reaction was stirred at 0°C for 30 minutes, then Z-Lys-OH (0.40 g, 1.43 mmol) was added, stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, then diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ⁇ 20 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (30 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.
- HMDS hexamethyldisilazane, 9.0 mL, 43.15 mmol
- ZnCl 2 (16 mL, 1.0 M ether solution) were added.
- the mixture was heated to 115-125°C and the toluene was collected through a Dean-Stark trap.
- the reaction mixture was heated at 120°C for 6 hours. During this period, 2 ⁇ 40 mL of anhydrous toluene was added to maintain the volume of the mixture at about 50 mL. Then the mixture was cooled and 1 mL 1:10 HCl (concentrated)/methanol was added.
- Example 150 General preparation method of conjugates prepared by reducing antibody disulfide bonds to Tubulysin derivatives.
- the mixture was incubated at room temperature to 37.5°C for 2 to 18 hours, and then DHAA (135 ⁇ l, 50 mm) was added. After continuous incubation at RT overnight, the mixture is purified by G-25 column or cation chromatography column or anion chromatography column with 10-100 mM phosphoric acid, or citric acid, 50-200 mM NaCl pH 6-7.5 buffer solution to obtain the conjugate Compound (75% to 99% yield). This purification step can also be purified by dialysis and filtration, using 10-100 mM phosphoric acid, or citric acid, 50-200 mM NaCl, pH 6-7.5 buffer solution, to (3-30 times the volume of the dialyzed solution) to obtain the conjugate.
- Example 151 Additional preparation method of conjugate.
- Cell binding molecules can be coupled to the compounds of this patent through amide, thioether or disulfide bonds.
- Dilute the antibody >5mg/mL) with PBS buffer (pH8.0) containing 50mM sodium borate, add dithiothreitol (final concentration of 10mM), and treat it at 35°C for 30 minutes.
- the antibody can release free sulfhydryl groups.
- Antibodies and Traut's reagent (2-iminothiophene) (Jue, R., et al. Biochem. 1978, 17(25): 5399-5405) can also release sulfhydryl groups, or under pH 7-8 conditions, and SATP (N -Succinimide-S-acetylthiopropionate) or N-succinimide-S-acetyl (thiotetraoxalic acid) (SAT(PEG)4) and other different linkers react, after Through the action of hydroxylamine, sulfhydryl groups are formed (Duncan, R, et al, Anal. Biochem. 1983, 132, 68-73, Fuji, N. et al, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1985, 33, 362-367). Basically, 5-9 sulfhydryl molecules are attached to each antibody molecule.
- each antibody molecule will connect 3.2-4.8 tubulysin derivatives on average.
- linkers can be divided into dimethyl(phenyl)silyl (DMPS), SMDP, 4-succinimidyloxycarbonyl-methyl- ⁇ (2-pyridyldisulfide)toluene (SMPT), N-succinimide-4-(2-pyridinethio) valerate (SPP), N-succinimide-4-(2-pyridinethio) propionate (SPDP), N-succinimide -4-(2-pyridinethio)butyrate (SPDB), succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC), N-hydroxy Succinimide-(polyethylene glycol) n-maleimide (SM(PEG)n) and so on.
- DMPS dimethyl(phenyl)silyl
- SMDP 4-succinimidyloxycarbonyl-methyl- ⁇ (2-pyridyldisulfide)toluene
- the antibody (>5mg/mL) is diluted in a buffer (pH 6.5 ⁇ 7.5, 5mM PBS, 50mM NaCl, 1mM EDTA) and reacts with the linker for 2 hours, and the molar ratio of the linker to the antibody is more than 6-10 times.
- the reaction mixture can be separated by Sephadex G25 gel chromatography, and its lower molecular weight molecules will be removed.
- This purification step can also use a cation chromatography column or an anion chromatography column, using 10-100mM phosphoric acid, or citric acid, 50-200mM NaCl pH 6-7.5 buffer solution to obtain the conjugate compound (75% to 99% yield rate).
- This purification step can also use dialysis and filtration, using 10-100mM phosphoric acid, or citric acid, 50-200mM NaCl pH 6-7.5 buffer solution, to (3-30 times the volume of the dialyzed solution), to obtain the conjugate Compound (75% to 99% yield).
- concentration of the antibody is determined by spectrophotometry, and the linker contains a pyridinethio group.
- the extinction coefficient of the antibody at 280nm is 2067550M -1 cm -1 . After the modified antibody was treated with an excess of dithiothreitol (20 times equivalent), the released 2-thiopyridine group was measured, and the extinction coefficients at 343 and 280 nm were 8080 and 5100 M -1 cm -1 ).
- 1.2-1.5 equivalents of Tubulysin derivative molecules with sulfhydryl groups are added to the modified antibody.
- the reaction is carried out at room temperature for 5 to 18 hours.
- the reaction mixture is passed through Sephadex G25 gel chromatography to remove unlinked drugs or other low molecular weight substances. Then the concentration of the ligation product was determined by measuring the absorbance at 280nm and 252nm.
- the ligation product is in the form of a monomer, with an average of 3.2-4.8 drug molecules attached to each antibody molecule.
- Example 152 In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of Her2 antibody conjugates C-37, C-59, C-72, C-123 and C-134 (compared with T-DM1):
- the cell line used for cytotoxicity assay was human gastric cancer cell line NCI-N87; cells were grown in RPMI-1640 containing 10% FBS. During the measurement, cells (180 ⁇ L, 6000 cells) were added to each well of a 96-well plate and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO 2 for 24 hours. Next, in a suitable cell culture medium (total volume, 0.2 mL), the cells are treated with different concentrations of test compound (20 ⁇ L), and the control wells contain cells and culture medium but no test compound. The plate was incubated at 37°C and 5% CO 2 for 120 hours, then MTT (5 mg/ml, 20 ⁇ L) was added to the well, and the plate was incubated at 37°C for 1.5 hours.
- Example 153 In vivo anti-tumor activity study on BALB/c nude mice bearing NCI-N87 xenograft tumors.
- mice Five-week-old female BALB/c nude mice (66 animals) were subcutaneously inoculated with N-87 cancer cells (5 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mouse) in 0.1 mL of serum-free medium in the right shoulder area. The tumor grew to an average size of 140mm 3 after 8 days of growth. The animals were then randomly divided into 10 groups (6 animals in each group). The first group of mice served as a control group and was injected with phosphate buffered saline.
- Example 154 Toxicity study of Tubulysin B derivative Her2 antibody conjugate (compared with T-DM1).
- the weight change (usually decrease) of an animal is a macroscopic reflection of its toxicity to drugs.
- Fifty-six female ICR mice aged 6-7 weeks were divided into 7 groups, each group contained 8 animals, and the drugs C-37, C-49, C-72, and C-123 were given intravenously at a dose of 150 mg/kg. , C-134 and T-DM1.
- the control group (8 animals) was given PBS buffered saline.
- the body weight of the mice in the control group and all conjugate groups except T-DM1 did not decrease by more than 5%.
Abstract
Description
化合物 | DAR(药物/抗体比) | NCI-N87细胞IC 50(nM) |
C-37 | 3.9 | 0.22 |
C-59 | 4.0 | 0.11 |
C-72 | 3.8 | 0.10 |
C-123 | 7.8 | 0.15 |
C-134 | 3.9 | 0.25 |
T-DM1 | 3.5 | 0.32 |
Claims (54)
- 一种抗体-Tubulysin B衍生物(同系物)偶联物,其特征在于,所述偶联物具有如下式(I)所示的结构:或者以具有式I所示结构为母体的药学上可接受的盐、水合物或水合盐,具有式I所示结构的多晶型物,式I所示结构的光学异构体,式I所示结构的一个或多个氘( 2H)原子代替氢( 1H)原子,或式I所示结构的一个或多个 13C原子代替 12C原子;其中,P 1是H、COCH 3、COH、PO(OH) 2、CH 2OPO(OH) 2、CONHCH 3、CON(CH 3) 2、CON(CH 2CH 2) 2NCH 3、CON(CH 2CH 3) 2或CON(CH 2CH 2) 2CHN(CH 2CH 2) 2CH 2;R 1、R 2、R 3和R 4分别独立地是H、C 1-C 6烷烃基、C 1-C 6烯烃基、C 1-C 6烷醚基、C 1-C 6烷羰基、C 1-C 6烷酯基、C 1-C 6烷羧基或C 1-C 6烷酰胺基;或者,R 1和R 2一起,R 1和R 3一起,R 2和R 3一起,或R 3和R 4一起构成C 2-C 7杂环基或C 2-C 7环烷基结构;R 5是H、O-C 1-C 6烷烃基、C(O)-H、C(O)-C 1-C 6(直链或支链)烷烃基、C(O)-NH-C 1-C 6(直链或支链)烷基或C(O)-N(C 1-C 6(直链或支链)烷基) 2;R 6、R 7和R 8分别独立地是H、C 1-C 6烷烃基、C 1-C 6烷醚基、C 1-C 6烷羰基、C 1-C 6烷酯基、C 1-C 6烷羧基或C 1-C 6烷酰胺基;优选R 6、R 7和R 8分别独立地是H或CH 3;mAb是抗体、抗体片段、单克隆抗体、多克隆抗体、纳米抗体、前药抗体,或者用合成分子或蛋白进行修饰过的抗体及抗体片段;L是含有亲水支链的连接体,其主要构架是C 2-C 100的肽单元(1~12个天然或非天然氨基酸)、腙键基团、二硫化物基团、酯基团、肟基团、酰胺基团或硫醚键基团构成;n=1-30。
- 如权利要求1所述的偶联物,其特征在于,L的结构为:其中Aa是L-或D-天然或非天然氨基酸;r是0-12之间的整数;当r不是0时,(Aa) r是由相同或不同的氨基酸构成的肽单元;m 1=1-18之间的整数;m 2=1-100之间的整数;m 3=1-8之间的整数;m 4=0-8之间的整数;m 5=1-8之间的整数;Y是NHC(=O)、NHS(O 2)、NH(SO)、NHS(O 2)NH、NHP(O)(OH)NH或C(O)NH;R 9是H、(O=)CR 1、(O=)CNHR 1、R 1COOH、R 1(COCH 2NH) m2H、R 1(Aa) r或R 1(COCH 2NCH 3) m2H,以及R 1、m 2和(Aa) r定义如权利要求1和上述定义所述。
- 如权利要求3-4中任一项所述的偶联物,其特征在于,mAb-SH的制 备方法包括以下a)~c)中的任一个:a).由还原剂(优选,三(2-羧基乙基)膦(TCEP)、二硫苏糖醇(DTT)、二硫季戊四醇(DTE)、L-谷胱甘肽(GSH)、2-巯基乙胺(β-MEA)或/和β-巯基乙醇(β-ME,2-ME))还原抗体、抗体片段、单克隆抗体、多克隆抗体、纳米抗体、前药抗体(probody)或用合成分子或蛋白进行修饰过的抗体及抗体片段重轻链间、重重链间或自身链间的二硫键来获取;b).通过Traut试剂或硫内酯与抗体分子的胺反应形成硫醇来制备:c).在缓冲体系条件下,通过生化反应,在抗体上引入较易还原的二硫键基团,然后用TCEP、DTT、GSH、β-MEA、β-ME还原:
- 如权利要求3-5中任一项所述的偶联物,其特征在于,偶联物的合成中使用的缓冲体系是:pH 5.0~9.5,浓度为1mM~1000mM的磷酸、醋酸、柠檬酸、硼酸、碳酸、巴比妥酸、Tris(三羟甲基氨基甲烷)、苯甲酸或三乙醇胺、或它们的混合物缓冲溶液,并含有体积比为0%~35%的水溶性有机溶剂:甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、乙腈、丙酮、DMF、DMA或DMSO,偶联反应温度控制在0℃~45℃,偶联反应是5分 钟~96小时。
- 如权利要求3-6中任一项所述的偶联物,其特征在于,在偶联反应完成后,采用超滤或柱层析法进行纯化获得结构式为(I)的偶联物。
- 如权利要求7所述的偶联物,其特征在于,所述柱层析包括分子筛柱、阳离子柱、阴离子柱、疏水(HIC)柱、反相柱或者蛋白A或G亲和柱。
- 如权利要求3-8中任一项所述的偶联物,其特征在于,结构式为(II)的合成由结构式为(III)的Tubulysin B衍生物和结构式为(L’)的化合物缩合反应获得:其中X是OH、卤素(F、Cl、Br、或I)、苯酚、五氯酚、三氟甲基磺酸、咪唑、二氯苯酚、四氯苯酚、1-羟基苯并三氮唑、对甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、2-乙基-5-苯基异噁唑-3'-磺酸、 自我酸酐或与其他酸酐如乙酰酐、甲酸酐形成的酸酐;或多肽缩合反应中间体或Mitsunobu反应中间体;其中,缩合反应是在含有体积比为1%-100%的吡啶、三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺的有机溶剂二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、DMF、DMA、四氢呋喃(THF)、DMSO、丙酮、异丙醇、正丁醇或乙腈中,或上面二种或三种以上溶剂的混合溶剂,或有或无惰性气体(氮气、氩气、氦气)保护下,温度控制在-20℃–150℃条件下,反应时长5分钟–120小时完成;或者缩合反应在如下缓冲体系及如下条件下进行,所述缓冲体系是:pH 5.0~9.5,浓度为1mM~1000mM的磷酸、醋酸、柠檬酸、硼酸、碳酸、巴比妥酸、Tris(三羟甲基氨基甲烷)、苯甲酸或三乙醇胺、或它们的混合物缓冲溶液,并含有体积比为0%~35%的水溶性有机溶剂:甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、乙腈、丙酮、DMF、DMA或DMSO,偶联反应温度控制在0℃~45℃,偶联反应是5分钟~96小时。
- 如权利要求9所述的偶联物,其特征在于,结构式(III)中的NH 2基团是以三氟乙酸盐、盐酸盐、甲酸盐、醋酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、硝酸盐、柠檬酸盐、丁二酸盐、苯甲酸、磺酸盐形式进行缩合反应。
- 如权利要求9-10中任一项所述的偶联物,其特征在于,当X是OH时,上述缩合反应需借助缩合试剂,所述缩合试剂是:1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC),二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC),N,N'-二异丙基碳二酰亚胺(DIC),1-环已基-2-吗啉乙基碳二亚胺对甲苯磺酸盐(CMC或CME-CDI),羰基二咪唑(CDI),O-苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲四氟硼酸(TBTU),O-苯并三氮唑-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(HBTU),苯并三氮唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)磷鎓六氟磷酸盐(BOP),六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯烷基磷(PyBOP),焦碳酸二乙酯(DEPC),N,N,N',N'-四甲基氯甲脒六氟磷酸盐,2-(7-氧化苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(HATU),1-[(二甲胺)(吗啉基)亚甲基]-1[1,2,3]三唑并[4,5-b]1-吡啶-3-氧六氟磷酸盐(HDMA),2-氯-1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓六氟磷酸盐(CIP),氯代三吡咯烷基鏻六氟 磷酸盐(PyCloP),双(四亚甲基)氟代甲酰胺(BTFFH),N,N,N',N'-四甲基-硫-(1-氧代-2-吡啶基)硫脲鎓六氟磷酸盐,2-(2-吡啶酮-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲四氟硼酸盐(TPTU),硫-(1-氧代-2-吡啶基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基硫脲六氟磷酸盐,O-[(乙氧基羰基)氰基甲胺]-N,N,N',N'-四甲基硫脲六氟磷酸盐(HOTU),(1-氰基-2-乙氧基-2-氧代亚乙基氨基氧基)二甲基氨基-吗啉-碳鎓六氟磷酸盐(COMU),(苯并三氮唑-1-基氧基)二吡咯烷碳六氟磷酸盐(HBPyU),N-苄基-N′-环己基碳二亚胺(或荷载在聚合物上),二吡咯烷基(N-琥珀酰亚氨氧基)碳鎓六氟磷酸盐(HSPyU),1-(氯-1-吡咯烷基亚甲基)吡咯烷六氟磷酸盐(PyClU),2-氯-1,3-二甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(CIB),(苯并三氮唑-1-基氧基)二哌啶碳六氟磷酸盐(HBPipU),6-氯苯并三氮唑-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲四氟硼酸酯(TCTU),溴化三(二甲基氨基)膦六氟磷酸(BrOP),1-正丙基磷酸酐(PPACA, ),2-异氰基乙基吗啉(MEI),N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲-氧-(N-琥珀酸亚胺基)六氟磷酸盐(HSTU),2-溴-1-乙基吡啶四氟硼酸盐(BEP),氧-[(乙氧基羰基)氰基甲胺]-N,N,N',N'-四甲基硫尿四氟硼酸盐(TOTU),4-(4,6-二甲氧基三嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吗啉盐酸盐(MMTM,DMTMM),2-琥珀酰亚胺基-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲四氟硼酸酯(TSTU),N,N,N',N'-四甲基-O-(3,4-二氢-4-氧代-1,2,3-苯并三嗪-3-基)脲四氟硼酸盐(TDBTU),偶氮二甲酰二哌啶(ADD),双(4-氯苄基)偶氮二甲酸酯(DCAD),偶氮二甲酸二叔丁酯(DBAD),偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯(DIAD)或偶氮二甲酸二乙酯(DEAD)。
- 如权利要求12所述的偶联物,其特征在于,结构式(III)的Tubulysin B衍生物的合成包括下列步骤中的一种或多种:步骤1.将二乙氧基乙腈与硫化铵的水溶液在室温搅拌,得到化合物1即2,2-二乙氧基硫代乙酰胺;步骤2.将化合物1与溴丙酮酸酯在无水溶剂(如无水四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲醇、异丙醇)中加热,缩合得化合物2;步骤3.将化合物2溶解在溶剂(如四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、正庚烷、二氧六环、乙腈)中,用路易斯酸或质子酸(包括盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、甲磺酸、甲酸、草酸、乙酸、对甲苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸吡啶、AlCl 3、FeCl 3、ZnCl 2、BF 3、BCl 3、BBr 3、TiCl 4、ZnBr 2、LiBF 4)水解,得到化合物3;步骤4.不饱和亚磺酰胺在低温条件下(如-45℃至-78℃)被正丁基锂等碱脱氢,然后在路易斯酸存在的条件下与化合物3发生加成反应,得到化合物4;路易斯酸选择为包括盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、甲磺酸、甲酸、草酸、乙酸、对甲苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸吡啶、AlCl 3、FeCl 3、ZnCl 2、BF 3、BCl 3、BBr 3、TiCl 4、ZnBr 2、LiBF 4;步骤5.化合物4在低温条件(如-45℃至-78℃)被下被还原剂(如NaBH 4、LiBH 4、Na(OAc) 3BH、Na(CN)BH 3等)选择性地还原,通过加入路易斯酸(如Ti(Oet)4),控制其立体化学,得到化合物5;步骤6.将化合物5溶解在溶剂(如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、四氢呋喃、乙腈)中,被盐酸、硫酸和磷酸等酸脱去叔丁基亚磺酰基,得到化合物6;步骤7.将化合物6和叠氮酸溶解在溶剂(如正庚烷、四氢呋喃、二氯 甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)中,在缩合试剂(如DIC/HOBt、DCC/HOBt、EDC/HOBt、HATU、BOP、T3P、BrOP)存在下,或通过缩合反应路线,发生缩合反应,得到化合物7;或者,叠氮酸与氯甲酸异丁酯在有机碱(如三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、N-甲基吗啡啉等)存在时在THF中反应,得到混合酸酐,再和化合物6的盐酸盐发生缩合,得到化合物7;或者,叠氮酸在溶剂(如正庚烷、正己烷、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃)中与草酰氯、三乙胺和催化剂量的DMF反应,被转换成酰氯,再和化合物6的盐酸盐发生缩合,得到化合物7;步骤8.在溶剂(如二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、乙腈)中,化合物7上的羟基与羟基保护试剂(如TESCl),在有机碱(如咪唑、三乙胺、吡啶)的作用下得到化合物8;步骤9.化合物8被溶解在溶剂(如四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、乙腈)中,在碱(如KHMDS,LiHMDS,NaHMDS,KOtBu,NaH,KH)的作用下,酰胺发生去质子化,然后与碘甲烷、溴甲烷、硫酸二甲酯、三氟甲磺酸甲酯或碘乙烷等发生烷基化反应,得到化合物9;步骤10.化合物9被溶解在溶剂(如四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯)中,其中的叠氮基在一定的条件下,如在氢气和钯碳催化剂、三苯基膦和水(Staudinger反应)的存在下,被还原成氨基,然后与酸或者具有反应活性的酸衍生物发生缩合,得到化合物10;步骤11.化合物10中的羟基保护基PG 1在适当的条件(如TES保护基团可以在盐酸、THF/MeOH/AcOH、nBu 4NF或吡啶氢氟酸盐的THF溶液中被脱保护)下被脱保护,得到化合物11;步骤12.化合物11中的酯基在碱(如LiOH、NaOH、KOH)的作用下,或其他适当条件(如甲酯可以在LiCl、LiI、Me3SiOK等试剂的作用下被转化成羧酸)下被转化成酸化合物12;步骤13.在碱(如三乙胺、N,N-二异丙基乙胺、吡啶)和催化剂(如DMAP)存在时,一定的温度条件(如0℃至23℃)下,化合物12与乙酸酐,丙酸酐、异丙酸酐等酸酐、乙酰卤、丙酸卤、丙酸卤、甲酰胺卤、异酰胺卤、二甲酰胺卤等酸卤作用,得到化合物13,该反应也可不使用碱或者催化剂;步骤14.化合物13与适当的含羟基的化合物如五氟苯酚或N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺在缩合试剂(如EDC、DIC、DCC、HATU、HBTU)存在时,发生缩合反应,得到具有反应活性的酯化合物14;步骤15.化合物15与化合物14,在水相、一定的pH值条件(如pH=5.0-8.0)下,或者有机相、存在有机碱(如TEA、DBU、DIPEA)或无机碱(如Na 2CO 3、Cs 2CO 3、K 2CO 3、NaHCO 3)时,发生缩合反应,得到化合物16;反应也任选不使用任何碱,条件是需要控制一定的反应温度(如0℃至23℃)和反应时间(如30分钟至18小时);步骤16.化合物16中的硝基在还原条件下,如在氢气和钯碳催化剂、水合肼和FeCl 3、铁粉和醋酸等的存在的条件下,被还原成氨基,得到化合物III;
- 如权利要求14所述的偶联物,其特征在于,结构式为(L’)的化合物的合成包括下列步骤中的一种或多种:步骤1.化合物1-1和化合物1-2在缩合剂(如EDC、HATU、DIC、DCC)的作用下缩合,或者经过缩合反应路线发生缩合反应(如化合物1-2在缩合试剂如DIC和EDC的作用下与五氟苯酚、硝基苯酚或N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺发生缩合反应,生产相应的活性酯,然后再与化合物1-1反应),得到化合物物1a;或者,化合物1-3和化合物1-4在缩合剂(如EDC、HATU、DIC、DCC)的作用下,或者经过缩合反应路线发生缩合反应,得到化合物物1b;步骤2.化合物1中的羧基保护基PG 2在脱保护试剂作用下(如叔丁酯基 在酸的作用下),被去除,得到化合物2;步骤3.含羧基的化合物2和含氨基的化合物3在缩合剂(如EDC、HATU、DIC、DCC)作用下,或者经过缩合反应路线发生缩合反应,得到化合物4;步骤4.化合物4上的氨基保护基团PG 1在去保护条件下被去除,如氨基上的Cbz保护基可以在氢气和钯炭催化剂的作用下被切除,氨基上的Boc保护基可以在酸性条件下被切除,得到化合物5;步骤5.含羧基化合物6和含氨基的化合物5在缩合剂(如EDC、HATU、DIC、DCC)作用下,或者经过缩合反应路线发生缩合反应,得到化合物7;步骤6.化合物7上的羧基保护基团PG 3在去保护条件下被去除(如羧基上的叔丁基酯保护基可以在甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、盐酸、磷酸等的作用下被切除),得到化合物8;步骤7.化合物8与含羟基的化合物(如五氟苯酚或N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺)在缩合试剂(如EDC、HATU、DIC、DCC)存在时,发生缩合反应,得到具有反应活性的酯化合物,或与其他酸活化基团反应得到具有缩合反应活性的化合物L’;
- 如权利要求16所述的偶联物,其特征在于,结构式为(L’)的化合物的合成包括下列步骤中的一种或多种:步骤1.化合物1上的氨基保护基团PG 1在去保护条件下被去除,如氨基上的Cbz保护基可以在氢气和钯炭催化剂的作用下被切除,氨基上的Boc保护基可以在酸性条件下被切除,得到化合物2;步骤2.含氨基的化合物2和含羧基的化合物3在缩合试剂(如EDC、HATU、DIC、DCC)作用下,或者经过缩合反应路线发生缩合反应,得到化合物4;步骤3.化合物4上的羧基保护基团PG 2在去保护条件下被去除,如羧基上的叔丁基酯保护基可以在甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、盐酸、磷酸等的作用下被切除,得到化合物5;步骤4.含羧基化合物5和含氨基的化合物6在缩合剂(如EDC、HATU、DIC、DCC)作用下,或者经过缩合反应路线发生缩合反应,得到化合物7;步骤5.化合物7上的羧基保护基团PG 3在去保护条件下被去除,如羧基上的叔丁基酯保护基可以在甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、盐酸、磷酸等的作用下被切除,得到化合物8;步骤6.化合物8与含羟基的化合物(如五氟苯酚或N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺)在缩合试剂存在时,发生缩合反应,得到具有反应活性的酯化合物,或与其他酸活化基团反应得到具有缩合反应活性的化合物9;
- 如权利要求18所述的偶联物,其特征在于,结构式(V)中的NH 2基团是以三氟乙酸盐、盐酸盐、甲酸盐、醋酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、硝酸盐、 柠檬酸盐、丁二酸盐、苯甲酸或磺酸盐形式进行缩合反应。
- 如权利要求20所述的偶联物,其特征在于,结构式(IV)的合成包括下列步骤中的任一种:羧酸化合物1与含羟基的化合物(如五氟苯酚或N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺)在缩合试剂(如EDC、DIC、DCC、HATU、HBTU)存在时,发生缩合反应,得到具有反应活性的酯;或者,羧酸化合物1与氯甲酸乙酯、氯甲酸异丁酯等,在有机碱(如N-甲基吗啡啉、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺等有机碱)存在下反应,得到具有反应活性的混合酸酐;或者,羧酸化合物1与草酰氯,在三乙胺等有机碱和催化剂量(如0.01当量至0.5当量)的DMF存在条件下,反应得到酰氯。
- 如权利要求24所述的偶联物,其特征在于,化合物2的合成包括下列步骤中的一种或多种:步骤1.将L-酪氨酸的酯类衍生物1溶解于适当的溶剂,如丙酮、四氢呋喃、乙腈、二氯甲烷等,或者这些溶剂与水的混合溶剂,与苄基氯、苄基溴或其它苄基化合物,在0至60℃反应,可在反应体系中加入适当的有机或无机碱,如碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、三乙胺、DBU、氢化钠等,也可在体系内加入适当的添加剂如碘化钠或相转移催化剂,如苄基三乙基氯化铵(TEBA)、四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)、四丁基氯化铵、四丁基硫酸氢铵、三辛基甲基氯化铵、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵、十四烷基三甲基氯化铵等,得到化合物2;步骤2.将化合物2溶解于有机溶剂如二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲醇、乙醇、乙醚等,用还原剂,如氢化铝锂、DIBAL、硼氢化钠、硼氢化锂、二氢双(2-甲氧乙氧基)铝酸钠(Red-Al)、乙硼烷等还原,可在反应体系中加入添加剂,如I 2、三氯化铁、氯化锌、氯化镁、氯化锂、氯化钙等控制还原剂的活性,得到化合物3;步骤3.醇类化合物3在适当的氧化条件下,如swern氧化(草酰氯、DMSO、三乙胺)、Parikh-Doering氧化(三氧化硫吡啶氧化)、Dess-Martin氧化等,被氧化成醛4;步骤4.醛4与磷酸酯反应(Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons反应)或者磷叶立 德反应(Wittig反应),进行碳链延长,得到化合物5;步骤5.化合物5中的双键在均相或两相催化剂的作用下被氢化还原,其中的苄基也同时被脱去,得到立体结构单一的手性化合物,或者两个非对映异构体的混合物;催化剂包括Pd/C、Pd(OH) 2/C、Pd/BaSO 4、PtO 2、Pt/Al 2O 3、Ru/C、Raney镍等两相催化剂,均相不对称氢化催化剂,如Crabtree催化剂、[Ru(II)-(BINAP)]类催化剂、[(Ph3P)CuH] 6催化剂等;步骤6.将化合物6溶解在有机溶剂中,如四氢呋喃、乙腈、二氯甲烷,在硝化反应条件下被硝化,硝化试剂包括硝酸、硝酸/醋酸、硝酸钾/硫酸、亚硝基叔丁酯、硝酸/三氟乙酸酐、NO 2BF 4、硝基吡啶鎓盐等;步骤7.在以下条件下化合物7中的硝基被还原成氨基,这些条件包括H 2/Pd/C,Fe或Zn/HOAc,SnCl 2/HCl。
- 如权利要求26所述的偶联物,其特征在于,化合物2的合成包括下列步骤中的一种或多种:步骤1.化合物1在-78℃至-45℃条件下,与Evans手性N-酰基噁唑烷酮或硫酮2,其中X=O或S,R 16=H,甲基,苯基,R 17=H,甲基,异丙基、苯基、苄基等,进行Aldol反应,得到立体构型单一的化合物3;步骤2.化合物3上的羟基在以下条件下被脱去,这些条件包括 Barton–McCombie去氧反应,即醇首先转化为硫代酰基衍生物,如烷基黄原酸盐、硫代氯甲酸苯酯、硫代羰基咪唑酯,然后用Bu 3SnH处理,发生自由基断裂得到脱羟基产物;自由基断键的条件包括:n-Bu 3SnH/AIBN,n-Bu 3SnH/AIBN/n-BuOH/PMHS,(Bu 4N) 2S 2O 8/HCO 2Na;步骤3.将化合物4溶解在四氢呋喃中,Evans手性辅基在LiOH/H 2O 2的条件下被切断得到相应的酸5;步骤4.化合物5被溶解在有机溶剂中,如乙酸乙酯、甲醇、二氯甲烷、乙醇或乙酸等,其中的苄基在钯炭催化剂存在下被催化氢解,得到化合物6;步骤5.将化合物6溶解在有机溶剂中,如四氢呋喃、乙腈、二氯甲烷,在硝化反应条件下被硝化,硝化试剂包括硝酸、硝酸/醋酸、硝酸钾/硫酸、亚硝基叔丁酯、硝酸/三氟乙酸酐、NO 2BF 4、硝基吡啶鎓盐等;步骤6.在以下条件下化合物7中的硝基被还原成氨基,这些条件包括H 2/Pd/C,Fe或Zn/HOAc,SnCl 2/HCl等,得到立体构型单一的手性化合物8。
- 如权利要求29所述的偶联物,其特征在于,结构式(VI)的合成包括下列步骤中的一种或多种:步骤1.化合物1与适当的含羟基的化合物(如五氟苯酚或N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺)在缩合试剂存在时,发生缩合反应,得到具有反应活性的酸的衍生物化合物2;步骤2.化合物2与化合物3,在水相,一定的pH值条件(如pH=5.0-8.0)下,或者有机相,存在有机碱(如TEA、DBU、DIPEA)或无机碱(如Na 2CO 3、Cs 2CO 3、K 2CO 3、NaHCO 3)时,发生缩合反应,得到化合物4;反应也任选不使用任何碱,但是需要控制合适的反应温度和反应时间;步骤3.化合物4上的氨基保护基团PG 4在去保护条件下被选择性地去除(如氨基上的Cbz保护基可以在氢气和钯炭催化剂的作用下被切除),氨基上的Boc保护基可以在酸性条件下被切除,得到化合物5;步骤4.化合物5与结构式(IV),在水相,一定的pH值条件(如pH=5.0-8.0)下,或者有机相,存在有机碱(如TEA、DBU、DIPEA)或无机碱(如Na 2CO 3、Cs 2CO 3、K 2CO 3、NaHCO 3)时,发生缩合反应,得到化合物6;反应也任选不使用任何碱,但是需要控制合适的反应温度和反应时间;步骤5.化合物6上的氨基保护基团PG 1在去保护条件下被去除(如氨基上的Cbz保护基可以在氢气和钯炭催化剂的作用下被切除),氨基上的Boc保护基可以在酸性条件下被切除,得到化合物VI;
- 如权利要求33所述的偶联物,其特征在于,结构式(VIII)中的NH 2基团是以三氟乙酸盐、盐酸盐、甲酸盐、醋酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、硝酸盐、柠檬酸盐、丁二酸盐、苯甲酸或磺酸盐形式进行缩合反应。
- 如权利要求35所述的偶联物,其特征在于,结构式(VIII)的合成包括下列步骤中的一种或多种:步骤1.化合物1上的羧基保护基PG 3在去保护条件下被去除(如羧基上的叔丁基酯保护基可以在甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、盐酸、磷酸等的作用下被切除),得到化合物2;步骤2.化合物2与含羟基的化合物(如五氟苯酚或N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺)在缩合试剂(如EDC、HATU、DIC、DCC)存在时,发生缩合反应,得到具有反应活性的酯化合物3;步骤3.化合物3与化合物4,在水相,一定的pH值条件(如pH=5.0-8.0)下,或者有机相,存在有机碱(如TEA、DBU、DIPEA)或无机碱(如Na 2CO 3、Cs 2CO 3、K 2CO 3、NaHCO 3)时,发生缩合反应,得到化合物5;反应也任选不使用任何碱,但是需要控制合适的反应温度和反应时间;步骤4.化合物5上的氨基保护基团PG 3在去保护条件下被去除(如氨基上的Cbz保护基可以在氢气和钯炭催化剂的作用下被切除),氨基上的Boc 保护基可以在酸性条件下被切除,得到化合物6;步骤5.化合物6与结构式(IV)(即权利要求18-21中任一项所述的结构式(IV)),在水相,一定的pH值条件(如pH=5.0-8.0)下,或者有机相,存在有机碱(如TEA、DBU、DIPEA)或无机碱(如Na 2CO 3、Cs 2CO 3、K 2CO 3、NaHCO 3)时,发生缩合反应,得到化合物7;反应也任选不使用任何碱,但是需要控制合适的反应温度和反应时间;步骤6.化合物7上的氨基保护基团PG 1在去保护条件下被去除,如氨基上的Cbz保护基可以在氢气和钯炭催化剂的作用下被切除,氨基上的Boc保护基可以在酸性条件下被切除,得到化合物VIII;
- 如权利要求39所述的偶联物,其特征在于,结构式(X)的合成包括下列步骤中的一种或多种:步骤1.含羧基的化合物1和化合物VI在缩合剂(如EDC、HATU、DIC、DCC)作用下,或者经过缩合反应路线,发生缩合反应,得到化合物2;其中Z 1为Y 1的前体,如经过适当基团保护的氨基、羧基、酰胺基、磷酰胺基和磺酰胺基、羧酸酯、磷酸酯、膦酸酯等;步骤2.化合物2上的氨基保护基团PG 1在去保护条件下被去除,如氨基上的Cbz保护基可以在氢气和钯炭催化剂的作用下被切除,氨基上的Boc保护基可以在酸性条件下被切除,得到化合物3;步骤3.含羧基化合物4和含氨基的化合物3在缩合剂作用下,或者经过缩合反应路线发生缩合反应,得到化合物5;步骤4.化合物5中的官能团Z 1经过适当的化学转换,如羧基和氨基的脱保护等操作,生成官能团Y 1,得到化合物X;
- 如权利要求41所述的偶联物,其特征在于,结构式(XI)的合成包括下列步骤中的一种或多种:步骤1.将化合物1溶解在有机溶剂,如四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜中,用碱,如氢化钠、钠、氢氧化钠等拔氢,然后与化合物2(其中X为氯、溴、碘等卤素或者其他离去基团)在一定的温度下搅拌,反应得到化合物3;步骤2.化合物3上的羧基保护基团PG1在去保护条件下被去除,如叔丁基酯保护基可以在甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、盐酸、磷酸等的作用下被切除,得到化合物XIa-1;步骤3.将化合物1溶解在有机溶剂,如四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜中,用碱,如氢化钠、钠、氢氧化钠等拔氢,然后与化合物4(在一定的温度下搅拌,反应得到化合物5;步骤4.化合物5上的羧基保护基团PG 1在去保护条件下被去除,如叔丁基酯保护基可以在甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、盐酸、磷酸等的作用下被切除,得到化合物XIa-2;步骤5.将化合物6溶解在有机溶剂中,如四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜等,加入适当的有机碱,如三乙胺、N,N-二异丙 基乙胺、吡啶等,与甲基磺酰氯、4-甲苯磺酰氯等在0-5℃反应,得到化合物7;步骤6.化合物7与氨水在水相或有机溶剂中,如甲醇、乙醇、乙腈、四氢呋喃、环氧六环等,发生反应,反应可适当加热,得到化合物XIb。步骤7.化合物7与叠氮化钠在有机溶剂中,如四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜等,发生反应,得到化合物8;步骤8.叠氮化合物8在钯碳催化剂存在的条件下被氢化还原,或者三苯基膦和水的作用下被还原,得到化合物XIb;步骤9.化合物7与二苄胺在有机溶剂中,如四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜等,优选N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,在100℃发生反应,得到化合物9;步骤10.将化合物9溶解在溶剂中,如乙酸乙酯、甲醇、乙醇、乙酸、四氢呋喃等,在一定的氢气压力下,在钯碳催化剂上被还原,反应可适当加热至45℃,得到化合物XIb。
- 权利要求43所述的偶联物,其特征在于,结构式(XII)中的NH 2基团 是以三氟乙酸盐、盐酸盐、甲酸盐、醋酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、硝酸盐、柠檬酸盐、丁二酸盐、苯甲酸或磺酸盐形式进行缩合反应。
- 如权利要求45所述的偶联物,其特征在于,结构式(XII)的合成包括下列步骤中的一种或多种:步骤1.化合物1与适当的含羟基的化合物(如五氟苯酚或N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺)在缩合试剂存在时,发生缩合反应,得到具有反应活性的酸的衍生物化合物2;步骤2.化合物2与化合物3,在水相,一定的pH值条件(如pH=5.0-8.0)下,或者有机相,存在有机碱(如TEA、DBU、DIPEA)或无机碱(如Na 2CO 3、 Cs 2CO 3、K 2CO 3、NaHCO 3)时,发生缩合反应,得到化合物4;反应也任选不使用任何碱,但是需要控制合适的反应温度和反应时间;步骤3.化合物4上的氨基保护基团PG 4在去保护条件下被选择性地去除(如氨基上的Cbz保护基可以在氢气和钯炭催化剂的作用下被切除),氨基上的Boc保护基可以在酸性条件下被切除,得到化合物5;步骤4.化合物5与结构式(IV)(即权利要求18-21中任一项所述的结构式(IV)),在水相,一定的pH值条件(如pH=5.0-8.0)下,或者有机相,存在有机碱(如TEA、DBU、DIPEA)或无机碱(如Na 2CO 3、Cs 2CO 3、K 2CO 3、NaHCO 3)时,发生缩合反应,得到化合物6;反应也任选不使用任何碱,但是需要控制合适的反应温度和反应时间;步骤5.化合物6上的氨基保护基团PG1在去保护条件下被去除(如氨基上的Cbz保护基可以在氢气和钯炭催化剂的作用下被切除),氨基上的Boc保护基可以在酸性条件下被切除,得到化合物XII;
- 如权利要求47所述的偶联物,其特征在于,结构式(XIII)的合成包括下列步骤中的一种或多种:步骤1.含羧基化合物1和含氨基的化合物2在缩合剂(如EDC、HATU、DIC、DCC)作用下,或者经过缩合反应路线发生缩合反应,得到化合物3;步骤2.化合物3上的羧基保护基团PG 1在去保护条件下被去除(如羧基上的叔丁基酯保护基可以在甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、盐酸、磷酸等的作用 下被切除),得到化合物4;步骤3.羧酸化合物4与含羟基的化合物(如五氟苯酚或N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺)在缩合试剂存在时,发生缩合反应,得到具有反应活性的酯结构式(XIII);或者,羧酸化合物4与氯甲酸乙酯、氯甲酸异丁酯等,在有机碱如N-甲基吗啡啉、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺等有机碱存在下反应,得到具有反应活性的混合酸酐结构式(XIII);或者,羧酸化合物4与草酰氯,在三乙胺等有机碱和催化剂量的DMF存在条件下,反应得到酰氯结构式(XIII),
- 一种药物组合物,其包含权利要求1-49中任一项所述的偶联物或以权利要求50所述的化合物构成的偶联物,以及药学上可接受的辅料。
- 权利要求1-49中任一项所述的偶联物在用于制备治疗癌症、感染或自身免疫疾病的药物中用途。
- 权利要求50所述的化合物在用于制备治疗癌症、感染或自身免疫疾病的药物中用途。
- 权利要求51所述的药物组合物在用于制备治疗癌症、感染或自身免疫疾病的药物中用途。
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