WO2020248462A1 - 一种高质量石墨烯材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高质量石墨烯材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020248462A1 WO2020248462A1 PCT/CN2019/112571 CN2019112571W WO2020248462A1 WO 2020248462 A1 WO2020248462 A1 WO 2020248462A1 CN 2019112571 W CN2019112571 W CN 2019112571W WO 2020248462 A1 WO2020248462 A1 WO 2020248462A1
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- C01B32/182—Graphene
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- C01B32/19—Preparation by exfoliation
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- the present invention relates to graphene materials, and more specifically to a method for preparing high-quality graphene materials.
- Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon material with a single atomic layer thickness ( ⁇ 0.34nm) formed by a large number of carbon atoms in an sp 2 hybrid manner and extending in the plane. It has a unique electronic structure and excellent optics. , Electrical, thermal and mechanical properties, have shown great application potential and commercial value in many application fields such as electronic information, energy, biomedicine, environment, etc. For graphene applications and commercial development, graphene materials are the foundation and cornerstone. Although the research on the preparation of graphene materials has continuously made breakthroughs in recent years, the sample survey study by Antonio H. Castro Neto et al.
- the electrochemical cleavage method firstly forms intercalated graphite by applying an electric field to drive the intercalation material into the graphite layers, and at the same time, the bubbles generated by the electrochemical reaction are used to expand and cleavage the layered structure of the graphite at the edge and between the interlayer graphite.
- graphene sheets have the advantages of simple process, energy saving and environmental protection, and easy scale.
- the graphite particles or powder are placed in the container and contacted with the electrode.
- similar Bulk graphite is used as the electrochemical intercalation and cleavage process of the electrode, so as to realize the electrochemical preparation of graphene materials with graphite particles or powder as the raw material.
- graphite particles or powder as the raw material can achieve greater Large-scale electrochemical production process.
- Patent CN108602678A proposes an electrochemical method using graphite particles as electrodes.
- the electrode is located in the electrolyte to contact at least a part of the graphite particles. Due to the oxidizing environment near the anode, the graphite particles are oxidized while electrochemically peeling off. , The product is graphene oxide with severely damaged lattice structure, which is not conducive to the preparation of high-quality graphene.
- Patent CN106904602B uses the rolling of the roller to make graphite particles contact with the anode to achieve intercalation and cleavage. The roller can isolate the graphite particles and the cathode, which is beneficial to improve the efficiency of cleavage. Oxidation damage cannot be avoided, so high-quality graphene cannot be prepared.
- Patent CN106865533A proposes "a device and method for preparing graphene using platinum wire".
- the cathode and anode are placed up and down, with the cathode on the top and the anode on the bottom, which can realize the cleavage of graphite, but because this method does not combine the raw materials with the cathode Isolated from the anode, the efficiency of electrochemical cleavage is affected, so this method clearly requires expanded graphite particles as raw materials.
- Expanded graphite is a product obtained by chemical oxidation and cleavage of graphite to a certain extent. The thickness is thinner than that of graphite raw materials, which can make up for the low efficiency of the electrochemical cleavage method.
- the preparation process of expanded graphite is cumbersome and cumbersome, and chemical oxidation causes damage to the lattice quality of expanded graphite itself, which is not conducive to the subsequent preparation of high-quality graphene.
- the existing technology for preparing graphene by electrochemical cleavage whether bulk graphite is directly used as an electrochemical anode or graphite particles is used as an indirect anode, the graphite raw materials will undergo oxidation reactions, and the quality of the prepared graphene lattice The damage is severe and the graphene quality is low.
- the effective electrode area is constantly changing, which is not conducive to electrochemical process monitoring, graphene quality control and large-scale production; when graphite particles are used as raw materials, The contact between the graphite particles and the electrode requires a more complicated stirring device and prolongs the cleavage time, resulting in low efficiency.
- the present invention aims to provide a method for preparing high-quality graphene material, which is suitable for high-efficiency cleavage of graphite particles in an electrochemical system while maintaining the graphite sp 2 lattice structure to prepare high-quality graphene.
- the preparation method of a high-quality graphene material specifically includes the following steps: S1, adding electrolyte solution, graphite raw material and electrode to an electrolytic vessel, contacting the electrode with the electrolyte solution, and forming a gap between the electrode and the graphite raw material Physical isolation; S2, applying an electric field to the electrode, intercalation and cleavage occur when the graphite raw material is not in contact with the electrode, wherein the solute of the electrolyte solution is one of inorganic acid electrolyte, inorganic salt electrolyte and organic electrolyte or Combination; the solvent of the electrolyte solution is one or a combination of water and alcohol; the inorganic acid electrolyte is one or a combination of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and boric acid; the inorganic salt electrolyte is sulfate, nitrate, One or a combination of phosphate, borate, carbonate, and bicarbonate; the organic electroly
- the invention uses inorganic acid electrolytes, inorganic salt electrolytes, and/or organic electrolytes to generate peroxides during electrochemical reactions to intercalate graphite.
- the peroxides generate bubbles during the intercalation process to cleave the graphite structure.
- the high-efficiency cleavage of graphite and the electrochemical preparation of high-quality graphene without touching the electrodes (cathode and anode) are realized.
- the graphite raw materials and the electrodes can be The physical separation can effectively suppress the adverse effects of the direct contact between the graphite raw material and the electrode on the graphite cleavage process, avoid the dependence of the traditional electrochemical cleavage process on the electrical connection, thereby solving the graphene lattice existing in the existing electrochemical method Problems such as low quality and low production efficiency.
- the concentration of the electrolyte solution is 0.01-50 mol/L. It should be understood that the concentration range of the electrolyte solution may be between 0.001-100 mol/L. In a preferred embodiment, the electrolyte solution is 1-20 mol/L inorganic acid aqueous solution, or 0.02-20 mol/L inorganic salt aqueous solution, or 10-50 mol/L organic aqueous solution.
- the insulating porous material is arranged around the electrode so that the electrode in the insulating porous material is physically separated from the graphite material outside the insulating porous material, or the insulating porous material is arranged around the graphite material so that the graphite material in the insulating porous material is insulated from the graphite material.
- the electrodes outside the porous material form a physical separation.
- the present invention realizes the physical isolation between the graphite raw material and the electrode by covering the electrode or the graphite raw material with an insulating porous material.
- the graphite raw material itself does not serve as an electrode and does not contact the electrode.
- the intercalating agent and bubbles generated in situ by the electrochemical reaction are used. Cleavage the graphite structure and prepare graphene materials without contact with electrodes.
- the insulating porous material is a nylon mesh bag. In a preferred embodiment, the insulating porous material is a 2000 mesh nylon mesh bag.
- the graphite raw material is natural graphite, artificial graphite, expanded graphite, expandable graphite, and/or highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. It should be understood that the graphite raw material may be other graphite materials with a layered structure. In a preferred embodiment, the graphite raw material is natural graphite powder.
- the electrode is a metal electrode, an oxide electrode, a glassy carbon electrode, and/or a graphite electrode. It should be understood that the electrode may be an electrode formed of other conductive materials. In a preferred embodiment, the electrode is a platinum electrode sheet or a titanium mesh sheet.
- the method of applying an electric field in the step S2 is to apply a DC constant voltage, a DC constant current, a pulse voltage, and/or a pulse current to the electrodes.
- the purpose of applying an electric field is to create a potential difference between the anode and the cathode.
- the method of cleaning the cleavage product in step S3 is filtration, centrifugation, and/or dialysis. It should be understood that the purpose of cleaning the cleavage product is to remove impurities such as electrolyte solution.
- the drying method in step S3 is natural drying, drying, microwave, spray drying, and/or freeze drying.
- the preparation method further includes: S4, putting the high-quality graphene powder into a dispersant, and dispersing to obtain a high-quality graphene dispersion.
- the dispersant is water, alcohol, N-2-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, and/or dimethyl sulfoxide.
- the method of dispersion in step S4 includes ultrasound, shearing, stirring, grinding, and/or shaking. It should be understood that the dispersion method can also be performed under other mechanical actions.
- the non-contact electrochemical cleavage proposed by the present invention can realize the physical isolation of the graphite raw material in the electrolyte solution from the electrode, and has three advantages: One is to avoid excessive oxidation and structural defects when the graphite raw material is in contact with the anode, the other is to effectively inhibit the deintercalation and inefficient cleavage process when the graphite raw material is in contact with the cathode, and the third is that the cleavage process does not rely on graphite and the electrode.
- the connection can greatly improve the uniformity and thoroughness of graphite cleavage.
- the present invention not only has the advantages of simple equipment, simple process and low cost of the existing electrochemical method, but also avoids the problems of many defects and low efficiency in the existing electrochemical method.
- the obtained graphene lattice has high quality and conductivity. The highest rate can reach 10 6 S/m, and the yield can reach 95% or even 100%. It is a technology suitable for large-scale preparation of high-quality graphene.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrochemical cleavage device for preparing high-quality graphene according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electrochemical cleavage device for preparing high-quality graphene according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 3 is a process flow diagram for preparing high-quality graphene according to the present invention.
- 4A is a transmission electron microscope picture of high-quality graphene prepared according to Example 3 of the present invention.
- 4B is a selected area electron diffraction pattern of high-quality graphene prepared according to Example 3 of the present invention.
- 5A is a transmission electron microscope picture of high-quality graphene prepared according to Example 4 of the present invention.
- 5B is a selected area electron diffraction pattern of high-quality graphene prepared according to Example 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 An electrochemical cleavage device for preparing high-quality graphene according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 1, which includes an electrolytic cell 1, an electrode 2 and graphite raw material particles 3, wherein the electrolytic cell 1 contains Electrolyte solution 11, the electrode 2 inserted into the electrolyte solution 11 at the bottom includes a cathode 21 and an anode 22 spaced apart from each other. The tops of the cathode 21 and the anode 22 are connected to the power source 24 through a wire 23. The graphite raw material particles 3 are located between the cathode 21 and the anode 22. It is immersed in the electrolyte solution 11 and kept in non-physical contact with the electrode 2 through the isolation mesh 4.
- the isolation net 4 is arranged around the electrode 2, that is, it includes a first isolation net 41 arranged around the cathode 21 and a second isolation net 42 arranged around the anode 22.
- the graphite raw material particles 3 are due to the first and second isolation nets.
- the two isolation nets 41, 42 cannot physically contact the electrode 2.
- the electrolyte solution 11 undergoes an electrochemical reaction to produce the intercalation material peroxide, and the electric field generated by the electrode 2 drives the intercalation material into the graphite layers of the graphite raw particles 3 to form intercalation graphite first, and the bubbles generated by the peroxide are intercalated.
- FIG. 2 An electrochemical cleavage device for preparing high-quality graphene according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2, which includes an electrolytic cell 1', an electrode 2', and graphite raw material particles 3', wherein the electrolytic cell 1'contains an electrolyte solution 11', and the electrode 2'inserted into the electrolyte solution 11' at the bottom includes a cathode 21' and an anode 22' spaced apart from each other.
- the tops of the cathode 21' and the anode 22' are connected to a power source 24 through a wire 23''Connect, the graphite raw material particles 3'are immersed in the electrolyte solution 11' between the cathode 21' and the anode 22' and maintain non-physical contact with the electrode 2'through the separation mesh 4'.
- the isolation mesh 4' is arranged around the graphite raw material particles 3', that is, the isolation mesh 4'wraps all the graphite raw material particles 3'in it, and the graphite raw material particles 3'cannot interact with the electrode due to the isolation mesh 4'. 2'physical contact.
- the electrolyte solution 11' undergoes an electrochemical reaction to produce the intercalation material peroxide, and the electric field generated by the electrode 2'drives the intercalation material into the graphite layer of the graphite raw material particles 3'to form intercalation graphite first. Bubbles expand and cleave the layered structure of graphite at the edges and between layers of intercalated graphite, thereby obtaining graphene sheets.
- the oxidizing environment of the anode 22' will not destroy the sp 2 lattice structure of the graphite raw material particles 3'(that is, the graphite raw material), and at the same time, the reduction of the cathode 21' The environment will not hinder the graphite cleavage process, so that high-efficiency preparation of high-quality graphene materials can be achieved.
- the preparation method of the high-quality graphene material of the present invention is further described below with reference to FIG. 3 and specific examples, which specifically include the steps: S1, adding electrolyte solution, graphite raw materials and electrodes into an electrolytic vessel, and bringing the electrodes into contact with the electrolyte solution, Physical isolation is formed between the electrode and the graphite raw material; S2, an electric field is applied to the electrode, intercalation and cleavage occur when the graphite raw material is not in contact with the electrode; S3, the cleavage product is cleaned, the electrolyte solution is removed, and the high-quality graphene is obtained by drying Powder; S4, put high-quality graphene powder into a solvent, and disperse to obtain a high-quality graphene dispersion.
- the powder is added to N-2-methylpyrrolidone in a 200W water bath Ultrasound for 2h to obtain a dispersion of high-quality graphene.
- a typical transmission electron microscope picture of the obtained high-quality graphene is shown in Figure 4A, and the selected area electron diffraction pattern is shown in Figure 4B.
- Figure 4A shows that the number of sheets in the product is small, and Figure 4B shows that the sheets have good
- the hexagonal lattice structure shows that the product is a high-quality graphene sheet.
- the solid particles are filtered and cleaned with water several times, and then the final filter cake is placed in an oven to fully dry to obtain high-quality graphene powder with a yield of about 45.5%.
- the particles are filtered and cleaned with water several times, and then the final filter cake is placed in an oven to fully dry to obtain high-quality graphene powder with a yield of about 66.5%.
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 一种高质量石墨烯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,该制备方法具体包括步骤:S1,将电解质溶液、石墨原料和电极加入到电解容器中,使电极与电解质溶液接触,电极与石墨原料之间形成物理隔离;S2,对电极施加电场,在石墨原料没有和电极接触的情况下发生插层和解理,其中,该电解质溶液的溶质为无机酸电解质、无机盐电解质和有机物电解质中的一种或其组合;该电解质溶液的溶剂为水和醇中的一种或其组合;该无机酸电解质为硫酸、硝酸、磷酸和硼酸中的一种或其组合;该无机盐电解质为硫酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、硼酸盐、碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐中的一种或其组合;该有机物电解质为尿素、甲酸、苯甲酸、乙酸和乙酸盐中的一种或其组合;该电解质溶液发生电化学反应产生插层物质过氧化物,电极产生的电场驱动插层物质进入石墨原料的石墨层间形成插层石墨,过氧化物产生的气泡在插层石墨边缘和层间膨胀解理石墨;S3,清洗解理产物,除去电解质溶液,干燥得到高质量石墨烯粉体。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,该电解质溶液的浓度为0.01~50mol/L。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,绝缘多孔材料围绕着电极设置以使得绝缘多孔材料内的电极与绝缘多孔材料外的石墨原料形成物理隔离,或者绝缘多孔材料围绕着石墨原料设置以使得绝缘多孔材料内的石墨原料与绝缘多孔材料外的电极形成物理隔离。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,该石墨原料为天然石墨、人造石墨、膨胀石墨、可膨胀石墨、和/或高定向热解石墨。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,该电极为金属电极、氧化物电极、玻碳电极、和/或石墨电极。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中的施加电场的方式为在电极加载直流恒压、直流恒流、脉冲电压、和/或脉冲电流。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3中的清洗解理产物的方式为过滤、离心、和/或透析。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3中的干燥方式为自然晾干、烘干、微波、喷雾干燥、和/或冷冻干燥。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,该制备方法还包括:S4,将高质量石墨烯粉体放入分散剂中,分散得到高质量石墨烯分散液。
- 根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于,该分散剂为水、醇、N-2-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、和/或二甲基亚矾。
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CN114590802A (zh) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-06-07 | 超威电源集团有限公司 | 一种电解制备石墨烯的方法及装置 |
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CN115159514A (zh) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-10-11 | 中钢集团南京新材料研究院有限公司 | 电化学制备石墨烯的方法、高比表面积石墨烯及相关产品 |
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CN115036510A (zh) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-09-09 | 常州大学 | 一种无添加石墨烯/炭黑复合导电剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN115036510B (zh) * | 2022-07-25 | 2023-09-29 | 常州大学 | 一种无添加石墨烯/炭黑复合导电剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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