WO2020246448A1 - 球状炭素粒子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents

球状炭素粒子およびその製造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020246448A1
WO2020246448A1 PCT/JP2020/021702 JP2020021702W WO2020246448A1 WO 2020246448 A1 WO2020246448 A1 WO 2020246448A1 JP 2020021702 W JP2020021702 W JP 2020021702W WO 2020246448 A1 WO2020246448 A1 WO 2020246448A1
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Prior art keywords
particles
strength
carbon particles
spherical
raw material
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Ceased
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PCT/JP2020/021702
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
麻央 藤原
純一 高原
龍夫 海宝
進一 北村
祥央 梅谷
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Godo Shigen Co Ltd
Sanwa Starch Co Ltd
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Godo Shigen Co Ltd
Sanwa Starch Co Ltd
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Priority to US17/614,729 priority Critical patent/US20220219988A1/en
Priority to CN202080040437.1A priority patent/CN113905981B/zh
Priority to JP2021524845A priority patent/JP7535272B2/ja
Priority to KR1020217041659A priority patent/KR102923968B1/ko
Publication of WO2020246448A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020246448A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/90—Carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
    • C01P2004/32—Spheres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/40—Electric properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/90—Other properties not specified above
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to, for example, a negative electrode carbon material for a lithium ion secondary battery, a column packing material for high performance liquid chromatography, a pore-forming agent used for a ceramic honeycomb structure, a carbon material suitable as a raw material for an abrasive, and a method for producing the same.
  • Carbon particles are widely used as a raw material for negative electrode carbon materials for lithium ion secondary batteries, column fillers for high performance liquid chromatography, pore-forming agents used in ceramic honeycomb structures, and abrasives.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a technique of carbonizing rice medium white bran or upper white bran to obtain a negative electrode carbon material for a lithium ion secondary battery.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for using pitch or heavy oil carbide as a column packing material for liquid chromatography.
  • Patent Document 3 discloses a technique of using graphite powder as a pore-forming agent for a porous ceramic honeycomb structure.
  • Patent Document 4 discloses a technique using wood carbide as an abrasive material.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for obtaining carbonized powders of glucose, cornstarch, cellulose, and chitosan by carbonizing various sugars after contact with iodine vapor for 6 hours or more.
  • a carbide that maintains the shape of a raw material powder can be obtained by using the reaction of saccharide and iodine, the shape and strength of the primary particles of the powder are not described at all. ..
  • JP 2006-32166 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-160364 JP-A-53-12010 JP-A-2007-246732
  • the challenge is to provide high-strength spherical carbon particles and their industrial manufacturing methods.
  • the present inventor has found that high-strength spherical carbon particles can be produced by heat-treating the raw material particles with iodine, and have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention (1) Spherical carbon particles having a total strength xy of 50 MPa or more when the crushing strength of the primary particles of the carbon particles is x (MPa) and the spherical particle ratio is y. (2) The spherical carbon particles according to claim 1, wherein the raw material of the spherical carbon particles is at least one selected from starch particles or amylose particles. (3) The method for obtaining spherical carbon particles according to (1) or (2), which comprises a step of heating raw material particles together with iodine.
  • the primary particles mean independent fine particles that cannot be physically dispersed any more, as shown in FIG. 2, for example. Therefore, if the particles cannot be physically dispersed by the composite as seen in FIG. 3, this composite becomes the primary particle.
  • the crushing strength in the present invention is the strength at fracture of "primary particles of carbide” (also referred to as “primary particles of carbon” or “primary particles of carbon particles” in the present specification) measured by a microcompression tester, that is, the figure. It is the strength calculated from the test force (P) when the breaking point indicated by 5 is reached.
  • P test force
  • the crushing strength is measured by compressing at a constant load speed using a planar indenter in the compression test mode of the microcompression tester. The measurement of particle size and crush strength is repeated 5 times per sample, and the average of the obtained 5 crush strengths is taken as the crush strength of the sample.
  • the fracture point refers to a point where a sudden displacement occurs due to fracture as shown in FIG.
  • the load speed is 1.5495 mN / sec when breaking up to a load of 98 mN, and 8.2964 mN / sec when breaking with a load larger than 98 mN.
  • the measurement temperature is room temperature.
  • the particles to be measured may be spherical or not spherical, but the particles have a height that does not focus on the apex of the particles when the sample table is focused by observation with an optical microscope. ..
  • Strength calculation formula: C 2.48P / ( ⁇ d 2 )
  • C strength (MPa)
  • P load (N)
  • d particle size (mm)
  • the crushing strength is a value calculated by applying the test force (P) when the fracture point is reached to the above strength calculation formula.
  • the 10% compression strength is a strength calculated by applying the test force (P) at 10% displacement of the particle size measured by a microcompression tester to the above strength calculation formula. In the case of particles in which no fracture point is observed as in Comparative Example 1, since the fracture strength cannot be obtained, 10% compression strength is used instead.
  • the spherical particle ratio is the number of spherical carbon particles in the 30 randomly selected primary carbon particles recognized in the visual field by setting the magnification in the field of view where about 100 primary carbon particles can be confirmed by SEM observation. Measure and calculate.
  • Spherical particle ratio y number of spherical carbon particles / 30
  • the total strength in the present invention is a value obtained by multiplying the crushing strength x (MPa) of the primary carbon particles by the spherical particle ratio y.
  • the spherical carbon particles of the present invention have a total strength of 50 MPa or more. It is preferably 200 MPa or more, more preferably 300 MPa or more. By setting the total strength to 50 MPa or more, it is suitable for applications where high pressure is applied such as negative electrode carbon materials for lithium ion secondary batteries, column fillers for high performance liquid chromatography, pore-forming agents used for ceramic honeycomb structures, and abrasives. Used.
  • the spherical shape refers to a shape having no sharp edge, unlike a crushed shape. Since it has a shape that does not have such a sharp edge, the carbon material of the present invention is preferable because it can suppress defects due to vibration or collision with other particles.
  • the sphere referred to here may be a shape having no sharp edge as described above, but even among the shapes having no edge, it is preferable that the sphere is closer to a true sphere.
  • the ratio of the longest diameter to the shortest diameter when observing the carbon primary particles from the vertical direction is preferably 1.0 to 3.0.
  • the shape of the particles and the ratio of the longest diameter to the shortest diameter can be confirmed by observing with an optical microscope or an electron microscope.
  • the shape of the spherical carbon particles of the present invention is derived from the raw material, and is characterized in that the shape of the raw material particles having no edge and an aspect ratio of 1.0 to 3.0 is maintained.
  • ⁇ Raw material for spherical carbon particles As a raw material for the spherical carbon particles, a glucose polymer can be used, and glucose polymer particles composed of ⁇ -1,4 glycosidic bond, ⁇ -1,6 glycosidic bond, and ⁇ -1,3 glycosidic bond are preferable, and ⁇ -1 Glucose polymer particles consisting of, 4 glycosidic bonds and ⁇ -1,6 glycosidic bonds are most preferable. Examples of glucose polymer particles composed of ⁇ -1,4 glycosidic bond and ⁇ -1,6 glycosidic bond include starch particles and amylose particles.
  • the raw material starch examples include corn starch, waxy corn starch, high amylose corn starch, horse belly starch, tapioca, wheat starch, rice starch, sago starch, sweet potato starch, red bean starch, green bean starch and the like.
  • starch particles that have not collapsed due to gelatinization are preferable.
  • the raw material starch may be modified starch.
  • the processing method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include etherification, esterification, cross-linking, pregelatinization, oxidation, enzymatic treatment, moist heat treatment, addition of emulsifier, oil and fat processing, and processing consisting of a combination thereof.
  • starch raw material plants examples include potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn, wheat, cassava, rice, sago palm, peas, and mung beans.
  • potatoes, corn, rice and peas are preferable, and potatoes, corn and rice are most preferable.
  • the raw material amylose can be prepared by a method known in the art by separating and extracting from starch and recrystallizing, or by enzymatic synthesis, instead of amylose in the state of being present in starch.
  • it is produced by a known enzyme synthesis method.
  • An example of such an enzyme synthesis method is a method using glucan phosphorylase.
  • Phosphorylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation reaction.
  • amylose particles are preferable.
  • raw material particles preferably starch particles or amylose particles
  • the dry weight loss of the raw material particles is preferably 7% or less. It is more preferably 6% or less, and most preferably 3% or less.
  • the weight loss of the raw material can be adjusted by drying or absorbing moisture of the raw material by a known method.
  • the method for drying the raw material is not particularly limited, but for example, hot air drying, vacuum drying, freeze drying and the like can be used, and these conditions may be appropriately set.
  • the heat treatment apparatus for iodine heat treatment uses corrosive iodine, it is preferable to use a material that is not easily corroded by iodine for the container. Specifically, glass, glass lining, ceramics, and brick are preferable.
  • the heating temperature of the iodine heat treatment is preferably 100 to 200 ° C, more preferably 130 to 190 ° C.
  • the heating time of the iodine heat treatment is preferably 10 minutes to 144 hours, more preferably 10 minutes to 72 hours, and most preferably 1 hour to 24 hours.
  • the spherical carbon particles of the present invention can be suitably used as a raw material for a negative electrode carbon material for a lithium ion secondary battery, a column packing material for high performance liquid chromatography, a pore-forming agent used for a ceramic honeycomb structure, and an abrasive.
  • Example 1 First, about 20 g of cornstarch (manufactured by Sanwa Cornstarch Co., Ltd.) adjusted to a dry weight loss of 2.7% by weight by drying at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes using a blower constant temperature dryer is put into a eggplant-shaped flask together with 2 g of iodine, and the eggplant-shaped flask After mounting the flask on a rotary evaporator opened to the extent that iodine continues to stay inside, heat treatment was performed using an oil bath at 160 ° C. for 1 hour with stirring. Then, it was heated at 800 ° C. for 1 hour using an electric furnace under an inert gas atmosphere to obtain cornstarch grain carbide. This carbide was spherical carbon particles and had a total strength of 351 MPa, which was high strength.
  • Example 2 The cornstarch grain carbide was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that cornstarch having a drying weight loss of 6.0% by weight was used as a raw material by drying at 120 ° C. for 15 minutes.
  • Example 3 A carbide of cornstarch grains was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixture was heat-treated with iodine at 190 ° C. for 10 minutes with stirring.
  • Example 4 A carbide of cornstarch grains was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixture was heat-treated with iodine at 100 ° C. for 144 hours with stirring.
  • Example 5 Approximately 20 g of rice starch (manufactured by Joetsu Starch) adjusted to a dry weight loss of 5.4% by weight by drying under reduced pressure at 50 ° C. for 4 days was put into a porcelain crucible, and the crucible was placed in a glass beaker in an oil bath. , Iodine was put into a glass beaker, and the mixture was allowed to stand at 150 ° C. for 24 hours while being opened to the extent that the starch remained in the glass beaker for heat treatment. Next, the rice starch granule carbide was obtained by heating at 800 ° C. for 1 hour using an electric furnace under an inert gas atmosphere.
  • Example 6 Approximately 10 g of horse bell starch (manufactured by Koshimizucho Agricultural Cooperative Association) adjusted to a dry weight loss of 6.5% by weight by drying under reduced pressure at 55 ° C. for 16 hours was put into a porcelain crucible, and the crucible was placed in a glass container and made into glass. Iodine was put into the container, and the glass container was left open at 170 ° C. for 3 hours using a constant temperature dryer for heat treatment. Next, the potato starch granule carbide was obtained by heating at 800 ° C. for 1 hour using an electric furnace under an inert gas atmosphere.
  • Example 7 Carbides of amylose granules were obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that about 20 g of enzyme-synthesized amylose (manufactured by PS Biotech) having a weight loss of 4.6% by weight was heat-treated with iodine at 130 ° C. for 72 hours.
  • Example 1 Comparative Example 1 1 g of cornstarch (manufactured by Sanwa Cornstarch Co., Ltd.) having a weight loss of 12.5% by weight was sealed under reduced pressure in a glass container having a volume of 200 mL together with iodine, and then allowed to stand at 120 ° C. for 6 hours for heat treatment. Then, it was heated at 800 ° C. for 1 hour using an electric furnace under an inert gas atmosphere to obtain cornstarch carbide. This carbide had a powdery appearance, but the particles had no crushing strength and the 10% compressive strength was 13 MPa. It can be said that this is a considerably low strength even in light of the 10% compressive strength of the spherical carbon particles obtained in Example 1 being 175 MPa.
  • Example 2 A cornstarch carbide was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dry weight loss of the raw material was 3.3% by weight of cornstarch (manufactured by Sanwa Cornstarch Co., Ltd.) and iodine was not used. Since this carbide was completely melted, it was crushed and not spherical.
  • Example 3 A cornstarch carbide was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the heat treatment was carried out with iodine at 210 ° C. for 5 minutes with stirring. Most of this carbide was melted and the spherical particle ratio was 0.1, which was very small.
  • the spherical carbon particles of the present invention are useful as a raw material for a negative electrode carbon material for a lithium ion secondary battery, a column packing material for high performance liquid chromatography, a pore-forming agent used for a ceramic honeycomb structure, and an abrasive.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
PCT/JP2020/021702 2019-06-03 2020-06-02 球状炭素粒子およびその製造方法 Ceased WO2020246448A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US17/614,729 US20220219988A1 (en) 2019-06-03 2020-06-02 Spherical carbon particles and method for producing same
CN202080040437.1A CN113905981B (zh) 2019-06-03 2020-06-02 球状碳粒子及其制造方法
JP2021524845A JP7535272B2 (ja) 2019-06-03 2020-06-02 球状炭素粒子およびその製造方法
KR1020217041659A KR102923968B1 (ko) 2019-06-03 2020-06-02 구상 탄소 입자 및 그 제조 방법

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JP2019103817 2019-06-03
JP2019-103817 2019-06-03

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US (1) US20220219988A1 (https=)
JP (1) JP7535272B2 (https=)
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WO (1) WO2020246448A1 (https=)

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JPH1081889A (ja) * 1996-09-06 1998-03-31 Bridgestone Corp 電気粘性流体用粉体
WO2007066674A1 (ja) * 2005-12-06 2007-06-14 Tokyo Institute Of Technology 炭の製造方法
KR20130058466A (ko) * 2011-11-25 2013-06-04 지에스칼텍스 주식회사 입자 강도가 향상된 천연 흑연 입자로 이루어진 음극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지
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KR102923968B1 (ko) 2026-02-05
JPWO2020246448A1 (https=) 2020-12-10
KR20220016115A (ko) 2022-02-08
US20220219988A1 (en) 2022-07-14
JP7535272B2 (ja) 2024-08-16
CN113905981A (zh) 2022-01-07

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