WO2020138232A1 - コーヒー抽出液 - Google Patents
コーヒー抽出液 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020138232A1 WO2020138232A1 PCT/JP2019/051005 JP2019051005W WO2020138232A1 WO 2020138232 A1 WO2020138232 A1 WO 2020138232A1 JP 2019051005 W JP2019051005 W JP 2019051005W WO 2020138232 A1 WO2020138232 A1 WO 2020138232A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- coffee
- coffee extract
- extraction
- extract
- guaiacol
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F5/00—Coffee; Coffee substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F5/24—Extraction of coffee; Coffee extracts; Making instant coffee
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a coffee extract or the like. Specifically, the present invention relates to a coffee extract or the like in which a scent peculiar to coffee is enhanced and an unpleasant taste is suppressed.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method for producing a concentrated coffee extract by passing a hot aqueous medium through a set of extraction towers (percolator towers) and combining an evaporative concentration step during the extraction step.
- Patent Document 2 also describes a method for producing a concentrated coffee extract by passing hot water through a set of extraction columns.
- a general coffee ingredient also contains many miscellaneous components, when coffee is extracted from such a coffee material by a normal extraction method, the miscellaneous components are extracted with a good aroma peculiar to coffee. There was a problem that it would end up.
- JP 47-20370 A JP-A-52-125670
- An object of the present invention is to provide a coffee extract liquid in which aroma peculiar to coffee is enhanced and an unpleasant taste is suppressed.
- the present inventors have found that in a coffee extract containing 2,3-butanedione, guaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol, the coffee solid content concentration (Brix The ratio of the peak area ratio of (A) 2,3-butanedione to the sum of the peak area ratio of (A) 2,3-butanedione and (B) guaiacol and the peak area ratio of 4-ethylguaiacol [(A)/( B)] is adjusted to be 7.0 or more, and it has been found that a coffee extract in which aroma peculiar to coffee is enhanced and a sour taste is suppressed can be provided.
- the inventors of the present invention have shown that (a) the concentration (ppb) of 2,3-butanedione and (b) guaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol in a coffee extract containing 2,3-butanedione, guaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol.
- a coffee extract with enhanced coffee-specific aroma and suppressed taste can be obtained.
- the inventors have found that they can be provided and have completed the present invention.
- the invention relates to, but is not limited to: (1) (A) 2,3 in a coffee extract containing 2,3-butanedione, guaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol, wherein the coffee solids concentration (Brix) of the coffee extract is adjusted to 1%
- the ratio [(A)/(B)] of the butanedione peak area ratio to the sum of the peak area ratios of (B) guaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol is 7.0 or more, wherein the peak is
- the area ratio is the ratio of the peak area of each component to the peak area of borneol when the peak area is measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry using 10 ppb borneol as an internal standard substance.
- the present invention is a coffee extract solution containing 2,3-butanedione, guaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol, wherein the coffee solid content concentration (Brix) of the coffee extract solution is adjusted to 1%.
- the ratio [(A)/(B)] of the peak area ratio of (A) 2,3-butanedione to the sum of the peak area ratio of (B) guaiacol and 4-ethyl guaiacol in the solution is 7.
- the coffee extract is 0 or more.
- the present invention provides a coffee extract containing 2,3-butanedione, guaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol, wherein the concentration (ppb) of (a) 2,3-butanedione in the coffee extract is (B) The coffee extract, wherein the ratio [(a)/(b)] with respect to the total concentration (ppb) of guaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol is 3.1 or more.
- coffee extract means a liquid extracted from coffee beans.
- the coffee extract include an extract obtained by extracting roasted coffee beans with a solvent such as water, a diluted or concentrated version of the extract, and a slurry containing coffee beans or a ground product thereof. .. Therefore, in one aspect, the coffee extract of the present invention is a concentrated coffee extract.
- the “concentrated coffee extract” means one having a higher coffee solid content concentration than a general coffee extract.
- roast coffee beans may be green coffee beans, roasted coffee beans, or roasted ground coffee beans.
- green coffee beans means coffee beans before undergoing a roasting step, which is a process of heating and roasting coffee beans
- roasted coffee beans means those after undergoing a roasting step.
- roasted and ground coffee beans means coffee beans that have been roasted and ground.
- the production area and variety of coffee beans are not particularly limited.
- the coffee beans are produced in Brazil, Colombia, Africa, Mocha, Kilimangero, Mandolin, Blue Mountain, and the like, and the coffee beans include Arabica, Robusta, and Riberica.
- the coffee beans may be used in a single production area or a single variety, or may be used in combination with different production areas or variety.
- the variety of coffee beans used in the production of the coffee extract of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use Arabica seeds or Robusta seeds.
- the roasting method and roasting conditions for obtaining roasted coffee beans from green coffee beans are not particularly limited.
- direct fire type, hot air type, semi-hot air type, charcoal fire type, far infrared ray type, microwave type, superheated steam type, horizontal (horizontal) drum type, vertical (vertical) drum type, vertical rotating bowl type , Fluidized bed type, pressure type device, etc. can be used, depending on the type of coffee beans, the degree of roasting according to a predetermined purpose (light, cinnamon, medium, high, city, full city, French, It should be finished in Italian).
- the roasting temperature for obtaining roasted coffee beans is not particularly limited, but the preferred roasting temperature is 100 to 300° C., more preferably 150 to 300° C.
- the temperature is 250°C, particularly preferably 170 to 220°C.
- the roasting time for obtaining roasted coffee beans is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 30 minutes, more preferably 10 to 25 minutes, and particularly preferably 15 to 20 minutes.
- the roasting degree of the roasted coffee beans is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 30, more preferably 10 to 25, particularly preferably 10 to 25, using the L value obtained by measuring the roasting degree with a color difference meter as an index. It is preferable to roast so that the amount becomes 15 to 25.
- crushed beans are put into a cell, tapped sufficiently, and then measured with a spectroscopic colorimeter.
- a spectroscopic colorimeter SE-2000 manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the crushing method for obtaining the roasted and ground coffee beans used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and a general method such as dry grinding or wet grinding can be used.
- the coffee extract of the present invention contains 2,3-butanedione which is a component that contributes to the aroma peculiar to coffee.
- the peak area ratio of 2,3-butanedione in the solution in which the coffee solid content concentration (Brix) of the coffee extract of the present invention is adjusted to 1% is the peak area ratio of (A) 2,3-butanedione described below, B) It is not particularly limited as long as the ratio [(A)/(B)] of the peak area ratio of guaiacol and the total value of the peak area ratio of 4-ethylguaiacol is within a predetermined range, but preferably 0.3 to 3 0.0, more preferably 0.5 to 2.0, still more preferably 0.8 to 1.2.
- the “peak area ratio” means the peak of the target component with respect to the peak area of borneol (10 ppb) when the peak area is measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry using 10 ppb borneol as an internal standard substance. It means the ratio of area.
- the quantitative analysis methods include a calibration curve method that uses a standard substance of the target component and an internal standard method that uses an internal standard solution that does not exist in the sample, but both are performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Since it is calculated based on the peak area value that can be obtained at the time, it is considered that the values calculated by both methods are correlated.
- the gas chromatography mass spectrometry conditions are as follows.
- ⁇ GC main unit Agilent Technologies 7890A ⁇ MS Detector: Agilent Technologies 5975C inert XL MSD with Triple-Axis Detector
- Pretreatment system MultiPurpose Sampler MPS for GC ⁇ Sample injection condition: DHS (Dynamic headspace) method Sample temperature 80°C Pressure 160kPa Septum purge flow rate 3 mL/min Splitless mode column: HP-INNOWAX (length: 60m, diameter: 0.250mm, thickness: 0.25 ⁇ m) Flow rate 1.5 mL/min Pressure 160 kPa ⁇ Oven: 40°C ⁇ 240°C(7.5°C/min) ⁇ Post-run: 10 min.
- salt may be added to the sample as needed to promote the volatilization of the aroma components into the headspace.
- the ratio [(a)/(b)] of (a) 2,3-butanedione concentration (ppb) and (b) total concentration of guaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol (ppb) described later is within a predetermined range.
- the concentration (ppb) of 2,3-butanedione per 1% of Brix in the coffee extract of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is, but preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 ppb, It is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 to 8.0 ⁇ 10 4 ppb, and even more preferably 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 to 5.0 ⁇ 10 4 ppb.
- the coffee extract of the present invention contains guaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol, which are components that contribute to the peculiar taste of coffee.
- the total value of the peak area ratio of guaiacol and the peak area ratio of 4-ethylguaiacol in the solution in which the coffee solid content concentration (Brix) of the coffee extract of the present invention is adjusted to 1% is [(A)/(B )] is not particularly limited as long as it is within a predetermined range, but is preferably 0.1 to 1.5, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5, and still more preferably 0.1 to 0.35.
- the total concentration (ppb) of guaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol per 1% of Brix in the coffee extract of the present invention is not particularly limited, as long as [(a)/(b)] described later is within a predetermined range. , Preferably 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 ppb, more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 8.0 ⁇ 10 3 ppb, still more preferably 3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to It is 5.0 ⁇ 10 3 ppb.
- the concentration (ppb) of guaiacol per 1% of Brix in the coffee extract of the present invention is preferably 7.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ to 5.0 ⁇ 10 3 ppb, more preferably 1.0. It is from ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 4.0 ⁇ 10 3 ppb, and even more preferably from 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 2.5 ⁇ 10 3 ppb.
- the concentration (ppb) of 4-ethylguaiacol per 1% Brix in the coffee extract of the present invention is preferably 7.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 5.0 ⁇ 10 3 ppb, more preferably 1 It is 0.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 4.0 ⁇ 10 3 ppb, and even more preferably 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 2.5 ⁇ 10 3 ppb.
- Ratio of the peak area ratio of (A) 2,3-butanedione to the sum of the peak area ratios of (B) guaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol [(A)/(B)]
- the ratio [(A)/(B)] of the area ratio to the total value is 7.0 or more, preferably 8.0 to 30.0, more preferably 9.0 to 20.0, and even more preferably.
- the ratio of the concentration (pp) of 2,3-butanedione (a) in the coffee extract of the present invention to the total concentration (ppb) of (b) guaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol [(a)] /(B)] is preferably 3.1 or more, more preferably 3.4 to 30.0, even more preferably 3.6 to 20.0, and particularly preferably 13.8 to 15.0. is there.
- Coffee solid content concentration of the coffee extract of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the Brix value is preferably 20 to 40%, more preferably 25 to 37%, and particularly preferably 30 to 35%.
- the Brix value is the mass/mass% of the sucrose solution obtained by converting the refractive index measured at 20° C. using a saccharimeter or a refractometer into a sucrose solution based on the conversion table of ICUMSA (International Commission on Sugar Analysis). It is a converted value and represents the soluble solid content in the beverage. The unit may be expressed as “Bx”, “%” or “degree”. When the Brix value of the beverage is low, the content of soluble solids in the beverage including sugar is low.
- the present invention is a beverage containing the coffee extract described above.
- the above-mentioned coffee extract can be used as a beverage as it is, or can be concentrated or diluted as required to be a beverage.
- the kind of the beverage is not particularly limited, it is preferably coffee, coffee beverage, coffee-containing soft drink, coffee-containing soft drink (caffeineless), or coffee-containing carbonated drink. Note that these beverages are defined in Article 2 of the Fair Competition Regulations regarding labeling of coffee beverages and the like.
- the beverage of the present invention if necessary, a bitterness inhibitor, an antioxidant, a flavor, various esters, organic acids, organic acid salts, inorganic acids, inorganic acid salts, inorganic salts, pigments, emulsifiers, preservatives, seasonings
- a bitterness inhibitor such as a sour agent, a quality stabilizer and the like
- an antioxidant such as a styrene
- a flavor various esters
- organic acids, organic acid salts, inorganic acids, inorganic acid salts, inorganic salts, pigments, emulsifiers, preservatives, seasonings One or two or more kinds of additives such as a sour agent, a quality stabilizer and the like may be blended.
- the beverage of the present invention can be a packaged beverage.
- the type of the container is not particularly limited, for example, a molding container containing polyethylene terephthalate as a main component (so-called PET bottle), a metal can, a paper container combined with a metal foil or a plastic film, an ordinary packaging container such as a bottle is used. be able to.
- packaged beverages are manufactured under the sterilization conditions stipulated in applicable laws and regulations (Food Sanitation Act in Japan) when heat sterilization is possible after filling containers such as metal cans. it can.
- Food Sanitation Act Food Sanitation Act in Japan
- PET bottles and paper containers that cannot be sterilized by retort the same sterilization conditions as above, such as high-temperature short-time sterilization using a plate heat exchanger, etc., and cooling to a certain temperature before filling the container, etc.
- the method can be adopted.
- the coffee extract of the present invention contains 2,3-butanedione, guaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol, and the coffee extract has a coffee solid content concentration (Brix) adjusted to 1%.
- the ratio [(A)/(B)] of the A) peak area ratio of 2,3-butanedione to the sum of the peak area ratio of (B) guaiacol and the peak area ratio of 4-ethylguaiacol is within the above range. As long as the manufacturing method is not particularly limited.
- the coffee extract of the present invention contains 2,3-butanedione, guaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol, and the concentration (ppb) of (a) 2,3-butanedione in the coffee extract and (b) )
- the production method is not particularly limited as long as the ratio [(a)/(b)] of the total concentration (ppb) of guaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol is within the above range.
- it can be produced by combining continuous multitube extraction and evaporative concentration.
- the coffee extract of the present invention can be produced through a step of mixing the coffee extract obtained in the first extraction step and the evaporatively concentrated coffee extract.
- a column packed with roasted and ground coffee beans is 70 to 120°C, preferably 90 to 110°C, more preferably 95 to 105°C. Can be used to obtain a coffee extract.
- the column volume of the extraction column used in the first extraction step is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 50 L, more preferably 15 to 30 L, and even more preferably 20 to 25 L.
- the rate of supplying water per 1 L of roasted and ground coffee bean packed column volume is not particularly limited, but water is supplied at a flow rate of 1.0 to 10.0 kg/h per 1 L of column volume. It is preferable to supply water at a flow rate of 2.0 to 7.0 kg/h per 1 L of column volume, and it is more preferable to supply water at a flow rate of 3.0 to 5.0 kg/h per 1 L of column volume. Are even more preferred.
- supplying water at a flow rate of 1.0 to 10.0 kg/h per 1 L of column volume means that when the column volume to be used is 5 L, it is 5.0 to 50. This means that water is supplied at a flow rate of 0 kg/h.
- the extraction rate of the extract obtained in the first extraction step is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10.0 to 23.0%, more preferably 12.0 to 21.0%, and even more preferably 14. It is 0 to 20.0%.
- the first extraction step from the viewpoint of obtaining a coffee extract liquid rich in aroma components peculiar to coffee, a plurality of extraction columns filled with roasted and ground coffee beans are connected in series and continuously extracted. Is preferred.
- the number of extraction columns in the first extraction step is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 2 to 10, particularly preferably 3 to 6.
- the first extraction column filled with roasted and ground coffee beans is supplied with water at 70 to 120° C. to obtain a coffee extract, and then the first extraction column is used.
- the coffee extract can be continuously extracted by sequentially changing the extraction column such that the obtained coffee extract is supplied to the second extraction column filled with roast and ground coffee beans.
- the volume of the extraction column used for producing the coffee extract of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the packing density of the roasted and ground coffee beans packed in the extraction column is not particularly limited, either, but the amount of the roasted and ground coffee beans after wetting is 0.20 to 0.50 kg/L (the roasted ground coffee beans per 1 L of the column volume are Roasted and ground coffee beans (0.20 to 0.50 kg) are preferred, 0.25 to 0.40 kg/L are more preferred, and 0.28 to 0.35 kg/L are even more preferred. ..
- the amount of coffee extract collected from the extraction column is also not particularly limited as it varies depending on the column volume and the amount of roast and ground coffee beans packed in the column, but is preferably 0.05-0. 50 kg, more preferably 0.08 to 0.30 kg per 1 L column volume, and particularly preferably 0.10 to 0.20 kg per 1 L column volume.
- the present invention also includes a mode in which a plurality of extraction columns filled with roasted and ground coffee beans are connected in series and continuously extracted, but the coffee extract per 1 L of the column volume is included.
- the collection amount of is the collection amount per extraction column.
- the roasted ground coffee bean packed column used in the first extraction step is supplied with relatively high temperature water to obtain the coffee extract.
- a second extraction step of obtaining can be included.
- the column filled with the roasted and ground coffee beans used in the first extraction step is used.
- the extraction temperature in the second extraction step is 125 to 150°C, preferably 125 to 140°C, more preferably 125 to 135°C.
- the column volume of the extraction column used in the second extraction step is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 50 L, more preferably 15 to 30 L, and even more preferably 20 to 25 L.
- the column temperature in the second extraction step is preferably 125 to 150°C, more preferably 125 to 140. C., even more preferably 125-135.degree.
- the rate of supplying water per 1 L of the roasted and ground coffee bean packed column volume is not particularly limited, but water is supplied at a flow rate of 1.0 to 10.0 kg/h per 1 L column volume. Is preferable, and it is more preferable to supply water at a flow rate of 2.0 to 8.0 kg/h per 1 L of column volume, and it is preferable to supply water at a flow rate of 4.0 to 6.0 kg/h per 1 L of column volume. Even more preferable.
- the extraction rate of the coffee extract obtained in the second extraction step is not particularly limited, but is preferably 4.0 to 14.0%, more preferably 6.0 to 13.0%, and even more preferably 8.0. ⁇ 12.0%.
- the coffee solid content concentration of the coffee extract obtained in the second extraction step is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.3 to 3.0%, more preferably 0.5 to 2.5%, and even more preferably a Brix value. It is preferably 1.0 to 2.0%.
- the number of extraction columns used in the second extraction step is not particularly limited, from the viewpoint of obtaining a high-concentration coffee extract, a plurality of extraction columns filled with roasted ground coffee beans are connected in series. It is preferable to extract continuously.
- the number of extraction columns in the second extraction step is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 2 to 10, particularly preferably 3 to 6.
- the first extraction column filled with roasted and ground coffee beans is supplied with water at 125 to 150° C. to obtain a coffee extract, and then the first extraction column is used.
- the coffee extract can be continuously extracted by sequentially changing the extraction column such that the obtained coffee extract is supplied to the second extraction column filled with roast and ground coffee beans.
- the volume of the extraction column used in the second extraction step is not particularly limited.
- the packing density of the roasted and ground coffee beans packed in the extraction column is not particularly limited, but the amount of the roasted and ground coffee beans after wetting is preferably 0.2 to 0.5 kg/L, and 0.25 to 0 It is more preferably 0.40 kg/L, and even more preferably 0.28 to 0.35 kg/L.
- the amount of the coffee extract collected from the extraction column in the second extraction step is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 5.0 kg per 1 L of the column volume, more preferably 0.8 to 3 per 1 L of the column volume. 0.0 kg, particularly preferably 1.0 to 1.5 kg per 1 L of column volume.
- a step of evaporating and concentrating the coffee extract obtained in the second extraction step can be included after the second extraction step.
- the extraction step of the coffee extract is not so high even if extraction is performed at high temperature because the column filled with the roasted and ground coffee beans used in the first extraction step is used in the second extraction step. Further, when coffee is extracted at a high temperature, many miscellaneous components are contained in the extract. Therefore, by evaporating and concentrating the coffee extract after the second extraction step, it is possible to increase the concentration of the coffee extract and volatilize the taste components to suppress the taste in the coffee extract.
- the heating temperature in the evaporative concentration step is preferably 100 to 120°C, more preferably 105 to 115°C, and particularly preferably 108 to 112°C.
- a step of mixing the coffee extract obtained in the first extraction step and the coffee extract concentrated by evaporation after the second extraction step can be included.
- the first extraction step by extracting at a low temperature (70 to 120° C.), it is possible to obtain a coffee extract in which a good flavor peculiar to coffee is maintained. Further, by evaporating and distilling after the second extraction step, it is possible to obtain a high-concentration coffee extract liquid in which the taste is suppressed. Therefore, by mixing the coffee extract obtained in the first extraction step and the coffee extract that has been evaporated and concentrated after the second extraction step, the aroma peculiar to the coffee is enhanced, and the unpleasant taste is suppressed. An extract can be produced.
- the mixing ratio of the coffee extract obtained in the first extraction step and the coffee extract evaporated and concentrated after the second extraction step is not particularly limited, and The coffee extract obtained in the first extraction step and the coffee extract evaporated and concentrated after the second extraction step can be appropriately mixed so that the desired Brix value of the coffee extract can be obtained.
- the coffee solid content concentration of the coffee extract obtained by mixing the coffee extract obtained in the first extraction step and the coffee extract evaporated and concentrated after the second extraction step Is preferably 20 to 40%, more preferably 25 to 37%, and particularly preferably 30 to 35% in terms of Brix value.
- roasted ground coffee beans were packed in the third column so that the weight of beans after wetting was 7.0 kg/column, and extraction was performed in the same manner with the three connected columns so that the amount of collected liquid was 3 kg. ..
- the beans in the first column which have been extracted three times, are then sent to the step of collecting the second extract, and roasted ground coffee beans are added to the new fourth column, and the beans after wetting 7.0 kg/
- the column was packed, and three columns were similarly connected to perform extraction so that the amount of the collected liquid was 3 kg.
- the extraction step was repeated (1 to 18 batches), and 10 to 18 batches of the extract solution that gave stable extraction rates and Brix values were mixed to obtain a coffee extract solution after the first extraction step.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of each batch.
- the liquid amount of the coffee extract after the final first extraction step was 29.82 kg, Brix was 29.21%, and the average extraction rate was 17.92%.
- ⁇ GC main unit Agilent Technologies 7890A
- MSD Agilent Technologies 5975C inert XL MSD with Triple-Axis Detector
- Pretreatment system MultiPurpose Sampler MPS for GC ⁇ Sample injection condition: DHS (Dynamic headspace) method Sample temperature 80°C Pressure 160kPa Septum purge flow rate 3 mL/min Splitless mode column: HP-INNOWAX (length: 60m, diameter: 0.250mm, thickness: 0.25 ⁇ m) Flow rate 1.5 mL/min Pressure 160 kPa ⁇ Oven: 40°C ⁇ 240°C(7.5°C/min) ⁇ Post-run: 10 min.
- Table 2 shows the peak area ratios of 2,3-butanedione, guaiacol, and 4-ethylguaiacol in the invention product and the existing products 1 to 5.
- Table 2 also shows the ratio (A/B) of the peak area ratio of 2,3-butanedione and the sum of the peak area ratios of guaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol.
- Table 3 shows the concentration of 2,3-butanedione, guaiacol, and 4-ethylguaiacol per 1% of the coffee solids concentration (Brix) of the coffee extracts of the invention product and the existing products 1 to 5.
- Table 3 also shows the ratio (a/b) of the concentration of (a) 2,3-butanedione to the total concentration of (b) guaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol.
- concentrations of 2,3-butanedione, guaiacol, and 4-ethylguaiacol in the invention product were 0.55 ppb and 0.55 ppb, respectively. They are 0.05 ppb and 0.09 ppb.
- the present invention provides a coffee extract having an enhanced aroma peculiar to coffee and a suppressed taste, it is highly industrially applicable.
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Abstract
Description
(1)2,3-ブタンジオン、グアイアコールおよび4-エチルグアイアコールを含むコーヒー抽出液であって、前記コーヒー抽出液のコーヒー固形分濃度(Brix)を1%に調整した溶液における(A)2,3-ブタンジオンのピーク面積比と(B)グアイアコールのピーク面積および4-エチルグアイアコールのピーク面積比の合計値との比率[(A)/(B)]が7.0以上であり、ここで前記ピーク面積比は、内部標準物質として10ppbのボルネオールを使用してガスクロマトグラフィー質量分析法によりピーク面積を測定したときの、ボルネオールのピーク面積に対する各成分のピーク面積の比率である、前記コーヒー抽出液。
(2)前記[(A)/(B)]が8.0~30.0である、(1)に記載のコーヒー抽出液。
(3)コーヒー固形分濃度(Brix)が20~40%である、(1)または(2)に記載のコーヒー抽出液。
(4)(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載のコーヒー抽出液を含む、飲料。
(5)2,3-ブタンジオン、グアイアコールおよび4-エチルグアイアコールを含むコーヒー抽出液であって、
前記コーヒー抽出液における(a)2,3-ブタンジオンの濃度(ppb)と(b)グアイアコールおよび4-エチルグアイアコールの合計濃度(ppb)との比率[(a)/(b)]が3.1以上である、前記コーヒー抽出液。
(6)前記[(a)/(b)]が3.4~30.0である、(5)に記載のコーヒー抽出液。
(7)コーヒー固形分濃度(Brix)が20~40%である、(5)または(6)に記載のコーヒー抽出液。
(8)(5)~(7)のいずれかに記載のコーヒー抽出液を含む、飲料。
本発明は、一態様では、2,3-ブタンジオン、グアイアコールおよび4-エチルグアイアコールを含むコーヒー抽出液であって、前記コーヒー抽出液のコーヒー固形分濃度(Brix)を1%に調整した溶液における(A)2,3-ブタンジオンのピーク面積比と(B)グアイアコールのピーク面積比および4-エチルグアイアコールのピーク面積比の合計値との比率[(A)/(B)]が7.0以上である、前記コーヒー抽出液である。また、一態様では、本発明は、2,3-ブタンジオン、グアイアコールおよび4-エチルグアイアコールを含むコーヒー抽出液であって、前記コーヒー抽出液における(a)2,3-ブタンジオンの濃度(ppb)と(b)グアイアコールおよび4-エチルグアイアコールの合計濃度(ppb)との比率[(a)/(b)]が3.1以上である、前記コーヒー抽出液である。このような構成とすることで、コーヒー特有の香りが高められると共に、雑味が抑えられた濃縮コーヒー抽出液を提供することが可能になる。なお、本明細書において、「コーヒー特有の香り」や「トップに感じる香り」とは、コーヒーの挽きたての甘い香りを意味するものである。また、本明細書において、「非常にクリーンさが際立つ」とは、雑味がないことを意味する。
本発明のコーヒー抽出液は、コーヒー特有の香りに寄与する成分である2,3-ブタンジオンを含む。本発明のコーヒー抽出液のコーヒー固形分濃度(Brix)を1%に調整した溶液における2,3-ブタンジオンのピーク面積比は、後述の(A)2,3-ブタンジオンのピーク面積比と、(B)グアイアコールのピーク面積および4-エチルグアイアコールのピーク面積比の合計値との比率[(A)/(B)]が所定の範囲内である限り特に限定されないが、好ましくは0.3~3.0、より好ましくは0.5~2.0、さらにより好ましくは0.8~1.2である。本発明のコーヒー抽出液中の(A)2,3-ブタンジオンのピーク面積比が低すぎるとコーヒー特有の香りが不十分なものになり、一方で、(A)2,3-ブタンジオンのピーク面積比が高すぎると、コーヒーの香り全体のバランスが崩れ、コーヒーとは異なる異様な甘さが感じられるようになる。
・GC本体装置:Agilent Technologies 7890A
・MS検出器:Agilent Technologies 5975C inert XL MSD with Triple-Axis Detector
・前処理装置:MultiPurpose Sampler MPS for GC
・試料注入条件:DHS(ダイナミックヘッドスペース)法
サンプル温度 80℃
圧力 160kPa
セプタムパージ流量 3 mL/min
スプリットレスモード
・カラム:HP-INNOWAX(長さ:60m、直径:0.250mm、厚さ:0.25 μm)
流量 1.5 mL/min
圧力 160 kPa
・オーブン:40℃→240℃(7.5℃/min)
・ポストラン:10min。
なお、上記分析においては、必要に応じて試料に食塩を添加し、香気成分のヘッドスペースへの揮発を促進させてもよい。
本発明のコーヒー抽出液は、コーヒー特有の雑味に寄与する成分であるグアイアコールおよび4-エチルグアイアコールを含む。本発明のコーヒー抽出液のコーヒー固形分濃度(Brix)を1%に調整した溶液におけるグアイアコールのピーク面積比および4-エチルグアイアコールのピーク面積比の合計値は、後述の[(A)/(B)]が所定の範囲内である限り特に限定されないが、好ましくは0.1~1.5、より好ましくは0.1~0.5、さらにより好ましくは0.1~0.35である。本発明のコーヒー抽出液中の(B)グアイアコールのピーク面積比および4-エチルグアイアコールのピーク面積比の合計値が低すぎると苦味や雑味に起因する、いわゆる「コーヒー感」が低減してしまい、(B)グアイアコールのピーク面積比および4-エチルグアイアコールのピーク面積比の合計値が高すぎるとコーヒー特有の雑味が強くなりすぎる。
本発明のコーヒー抽出液のコーヒー固形分濃度(Brix)を1%に調整した溶液における(A)2,3-ブタンジオンのピーク面積比と(B)グアイアコールのピーク面積比および4-エチルグアイアコールのピーク面積比の合計値との比率[(A)/(B)]は7.0以上であり、好ましくは8.0~30.0、より好ましくは9.0~20.0、さらにより好ましくは10.0~15.0である。前記比率[(A)/(B)]が低すぎるとコーヒー特有の雑味が強くなりすぎる一方、前記比率[(A)/(B)]が高すぎるとコーヒーの香り全体のバランスが崩れ、コーヒーとは異なる異様な甘さを感じられるようになる。
本発明のコーヒー抽出液のコーヒー固形分濃度は特に限定されないが、好ましくはBrix値で20~40%、より好ましくは25~37%、特に好ましくは30~35%である。
本発明の一態様は、前述のコーヒー抽出液を含む飲料である。本発明では、前述のコーヒー抽出液をそのまま飲料とすることもでき、また必要により濃縮または希釈して飲料とすることもできる。飲料の種類は特に限定されないが、コーヒー、コーヒー飲料、コーヒー入り清涼飲料、コーヒー入り清涼飲料(カフェインレス)、またはコーヒー入り炭酸飲料であることが好ましい。なお、これらの飲料は、コーヒー飲料等の表示に関する公正競争規約第2条で定義されたものである。
本発明のコーヒー抽出液は、2,3-ブタンジオン、グアイアコールおよび4-エチルグアイアコールを含み、前記コーヒー抽出液のコーヒー固形分濃度(Brix)を1%に調整した溶液における(A)2,3-ブタンジオンのピーク面積比と(B)グアイアコールのピーク面積比および4-エチルグアイアコールのピーク面積比の合計値との比率[(A)/(B)]が前述の範囲となる限り、その製造方法は特に限定されない。また、一態様では、本発明のコーヒー抽出液は、2,3-ブタンジオン、グアイアコールおよび4-エチルグアイアコールを含み、前記コーヒー抽出液における(a)2,3-ブタンジオンの濃度(ppb)と(b)グアイアコールおよび4-エチルグアイアコールの合計濃度(ppb)との比率[(a)/(b)]が前述の範囲となる限り、その製造方法は特に限定されない。例えば、連続多管抽出と蒸発濃縮を組み合せることで製造することができる。具体的には、a)焙煎粉砕コーヒー豆が充填されたカラムに、70~120℃の水を供給してコーヒー抽出液を得る第一抽出工程、b)前記第一抽出工程で使用された焙煎粉砕コーヒー豆充填カラムに、125~150℃の水を供給してコーヒー抽出液を得る第二抽出工程、c)前記第二抽出工程で得られたコーヒー抽出液を蒸発濃縮する工程、および、d)前記第一抽出工程で得られたコーヒー抽出液と、前記蒸発濃縮されたコーヒー抽出液とを混合する工程を経て、本発明のコーヒー抽出液を製造することができる。
コーヒー生豆(ブラジル産、アラビカ種)をコーヒー焙煎機(Probat社製)で、L値が20になるように焙煎した。その後、前記焙煎コーヒー豆をロールミル(GEA社製)で粉砕して、焙煎粉砕コーヒー豆を得た。
(i)第一抽出工程
抽出カラム(GEA社製:容積23L)に上記(1)で製造した焙煎粉砕コーヒー豆に水で湿潤処理(20wt%)行った後、豆重量7.0kg/カラムとなるように充填し、その後、100℃の水を、抽出温度100℃および流速80kg/時でカラムに供給し、採取液量が3kgになるように抽出を行った。次に2番目のカラムに焙煎粉砕コーヒー豆を、湿潤後豆7.0kg/カラムとなるように充填し、2本連結した状態で同様に、採取液量が3kgになるように抽出を行った。さらに、3番目のカラムに焙煎粉砕コーヒー豆を、湿潤後豆7.0kg/カラムとなるように充填し、3本連結した状態で同様に採取液量が3kgになるように抽出を行った。3回の抽出が行われた1番目のカラムの豆はその後、第二抽出液を採取する工程に送られ、新たに4番目のカラムに焙煎粉砕コーヒー豆を、湿潤後豆7.0kg/カラムとなるように充填し、3本連結した状態で同様に、採取液量が3kgになるように抽出を行った。当該抽出工程を繰り返し(1~18バッチ)、安定した抽出率およびBrix値が得られる10~18バッチの抽出液を混合して、第一抽出工程後のコーヒー抽出液を得た。各バッチの測定結果を表1に示す。最終的な第一抽出工程後のコーヒー抽出液の液量は29.82kg、Brixが29.21%、平均抽出率が17.92%であった。
上記(i)の第一抽出工程で使用した焙煎粉砕コーヒー豆が充填されたカラムを最大4本で直列的に連結した。その後、130℃の水を、抽出温度130℃および流速120kg/時となるようにカラムに供給し、採取液量が25kg、標的抽出率が10%となるように抽出を行った。4回の抽出が終了したカラムから豆を排出した後、新しい豆が充填され、第一抽出工程で新たに使用した。当該抽出工程を繰り返し行い(4~18バッチ:1~3バッチは第一抽出工程が終了していないため第二抽出工程はない。)、安定した抽出率およびBrix値が得られる10~18バッチの抽出液を混合して、第二抽出工程後のコーヒー抽出液を得た。各バッチの測定結果を表1に示す。最終的な第二抽出工程後のコーヒー抽出液の液量は247.74kg、Brixが1.80%、平均抽出率が9.16%であった。
上記(ii)で得られた第二抽出工程後のコーヒー抽出液約250kgを、抽出液中のコーヒー固形分濃度が50%となるように、加熱温度110℃、蒸発温度50℃で濃縮した。上記(ii)で得られた第二抽出工程後のコーヒー抽出液の蒸発蒸留後の液量は5.62kg、Brixが55.18%であった。
<発明品>
上記(i)の第一抽出工程で得られたコーヒー抽出液1.0kgと、上記(iii)の第二抽出工程で得られたコーヒー抽出液を蒸発濃縮して得られたコーヒー抽出液0.297kgとを混合して、発明品を調製した。発明品の液量は12.9kg、Brixは34.0%であった。
他社製造のコーヒー抽出液5種類を既存品1~5として用いた。
前記発明品および既存品1~5のコーヒー抽出液のコーヒー固形分濃度(Brix)を1%に調整して、希釈後のコーヒー抽出液における2,3-ブタンジオン、グアイアコールおよび4-エチルグアイアコールのピーク面積比を、内部標準物質として10ppbのボルネオールを使用してガスクロマトグラフィー質量分析により決定した。ガスクロマトグラフィー質量分析の条件は以下の通りである:
・GC本体装置:Agilent Technologies 7890A
・MS検出器:Agilent Technologies 5975C inert XL MSD with Triple-Axis Detector
・前処理装置:MultiPurpose Sampler MPS for GC
・試料注入条件:DHS(ダイナミックヘッドスペース)法
サンプル温度 80℃
圧力 160kPa
セプタムパージ流量 3 mL/min
スプリットレスモード
・カラム:HP-INNOWAX(長さ:60m、直径:0.250mm、厚さ:0.25 μm)
流量 1.5 mL/min
圧力 160 kPa
・オーブン:40℃→240℃(7.5℃/min)
・ポストラン:10min。
次に、上記(2)で製造した発明品および既存品1~5を、それぞれBrixが1%となるように熱水で希釈して、官能評価試験用のサンプル飲料を得た。その後、各サンプル飲料について、専門パネラー(3名)による官能評価を実施した。各サンプル飲料の官能評価結果を表4に示す。
Claims (4)
- 2,3-ブタンジオン、グアイアコールおよび4-エチルグアイアコールを含むコーヒー抽出液であって、
前記コーヒー抽出液における(a)2,3-ブタンジオンの濃度(ppb)と(b)グアイアコールおよび4-エチルグアイアコールの合計濃度(ppb)との比率[(a)/(b)]が3.1以上である、前記コーヒー抽出液。 - 前記[(a)/(b)]が3.4~30.0である、請求項1に記載のコーヒー抽出液。
- コーヒー固形分濃度(Brix)が20~40%である、請求項1または2に記載のコーヒー抽出液。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のコーヒー抽出液を含む、飲料。
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US17/414,454 US11825859B2 (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2019-12-25 | Liquid coffee extract and drink containing same |
BR112021012633-3A BR112021012633A2 (pt) | 2018-12-28 | 2019-12-25 | Extrato de café, e, bebida |
AU2019413185A AU2019413185A1 (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2019-12-25 | Liquid coffee extract |
JP2020563383A JPWO2020138232A1 (ja) | 2018-12-28 | 2019-12-25 | コーヒー抽出液 |
CONC2021/0008248A CO2021008248A2 (es) | 2018-12-28 | 2021-06-24 | Extracto de café líquido |
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JPH02119748A (ja) * | 1988-07-13 | 1990-05-07 | Douwe Egberts Tabaksfab Koffiebrand Teehandel Bv | コーヒー抽出方法 |
JP2009519004A (ja) * | 2005-10-12 | 2009-05-14 | サラ リー/デーイー エヌ.ヴェー | コーヒー抽出物の調製方法及び当該方法によって得られる抽出物 |
JP2009296951A (ja) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-24 | T Hasegawa Co Ltd | 焙煎嗜好飲料または焙煎嗜好飲料風味飲食品の余韻改善剤 |
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CH598848A5 (ja) | 1976-04-09 | 1978-05-12 | Nestle Sa | |
US5204136A (en) | 1988-07-13 | 1993-04-20 | Douwe Egbets Koninklijke Tabaksfa-Briek-Koffiebranderijen-Theehandel N.V. | Process for extracting coffee |
EP3054778B1 (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2017-06-14 | Nestec S.A. | Method of producing a coffee beverage powder |
JP2018500908A (ja) * | 2014-12-22 | 2018-01-18 | ネステク ソシエテ アノニム | コーヒー組成物及びその使用 |
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JPH02119748A (ja) * | 1988-07-13 | 1990-05-07 | Douwe Egberts Tabaksfab Koffiebrand Teehandel Bv | コーヒー抽出方法 |
JP2009519004A (ja) * | 2005-10-12 | 2009-05-14 | サラ リー/デーイー エヌ.ヴェー | コーヒー抽出物の調製方法及び当該方法によって得られる抽出物 |
JP2009296951A (ja) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-24 | T Hasegawa Co Ltd | 焙煎嗜好飲料または焙煎嗜好飲料風味飲食品の余韻改善剤 |
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