WO2020119094A1 - 高速转子及其装配方法 - Google Patents

高速转子及其装配方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020119094A1
WO2020119094A1 PCT/CN2019/094845 CN2019094845W WO2020119094A1 WO 2020119094 A1 WO2020119094 A1 WO 2020119094A1 CN 2019094845 W CN2019094845 W CN 2019094845W WO 2020119094 A1 WO2020119094 A1 WO 2020119094A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bearing
rotating shaft
bushing
glue
inner bushing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/094845
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘凯
楼志伟
刘正龙
韦炜
Original Assignee
宁波达尔机械科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁波达尔机械科技有限公司 filed Critical 宁波达尔机械科技有限公司
Priority to EP19896994.1A priority Critical patent/EP3896301B1/en
Publication of WO2020119094A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020119094A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
    • F16B11/006—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing
    • F16B11/008—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing of tubular elements or rods in coaxial engagement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
    • F16B11/006—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C25/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for wear or play
    • F16C25/06—Ball or roller bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/042—Housings for rolling element bearings for rotary movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • F16C35/063—Fixing them on the shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/08—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with two or more rows of balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2226/00—Joining parts; Fastening; Assembling or mounting parts
    • F16C2226/30—Material joints
    • F16C2226/40—Material joints with adhesive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2229/00—Setting preload
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
    • F16C2300/20—Application independent of particular apparatuses related to type of movement
    • F16C2300/22—High-speed rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
    • F16C3/02—Shafts; Axles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • F16C35/067—Fixing them in a housing

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of mechanical transmission, and is a high-speed rotor and its assembling method.
  • the rotor refers to the rotating body supported by the bearing, which is mostly the main rotating part in power machinery and working machinery. With the continuous development of the field of machinery, more and more high-speed running machinery, for this reason, the requirements for the rotor are also increasing.
  • the general structure of the existing rotor includes a rotating shaft, a bearing, a preload spring, and a bushing.
  • the bearings are usually arranged on the rotating shaft in pairs, and a preloading force is provided between the two by a preloading spring, and the bushing is externally connected to the bearing.
  • the invention patent application publication number CN102414451A published in Chinese patent literature
  • the application publication date is April 11, 2012
  • the name of the invention patent application is "rotor assembly”, which includes a pair of spaced bearings, the bearing is surrounded by a sleeve, two Each bearing is provided with a preloaded spring.
  • the invention patent application publication number CN106877556A published in the Chinese patent literature.
  • the application publication date is June 20, 2017.
  • the name of the invention patent application is "motor”, which also discloses a rotor, including a shaft, a shaft spaced apart For the bearing and the spring located between the two bearings, the outer sleeve is omitted, because the outer sleeve and the frame design of the motor are integrated.
  • the spring is used to provide preload.
  • the use of springs to provide preload has the following disadvantages: 1.
  • the stability of preload is not high, due to the vibration of the rotor during operation.
  • the spring is always in dynamic change, and the range of its preload force is relatively large, resulting in a considerable range of changes in the working state of the bearing, which is easy to cause the problem of poor rotor stability, and the spring ages with long-term use or itself , Easy to cause the preload force to fail.
  • the spring preload and the outer bushing are used to ensure that the coaxiality is unreliable.
  • the coaxiality of the bearing outer ring on the rotating shaft mainly depends on the outer bushing.
  • the machining accuracy of the outer bushing sleeve hole requires higher accuracy.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-speed rotor and an assembly method thereof in the art, so as to solve the technical problems of poor pre-stability of similar rotors of the same type and inconvenient pre-assembly.
  • the purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions.
  • a high-speed rotor includes a rotating shaft, a first bearing, a second bearing, and an inner bushing, the inner bushing is cylindrical, and the first bearing and the second bearing have the same size; the structural point is that the first bearing and the second bearing
  • the bearing is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and one end of the inner ring of the first bearing is in abutment with the stepped section of the rotating shaft, and the first bearing and the second bearing are provided with Inner bushings, where the rotating shaft is connected to the first bearing and the second bearing are provided with a glue groove, and the glue is fixed to the first bearing and the second bearing through the glue groove, and when the glue is fixed, the The inner bushing maintains the preload force against the end faces of the outer ring of the first bearing and the second bearing.
  • the inner bushing is used to tighten the outer rings of the bearings at both ends, and the preload force of the bearing is completed in accordance with the curing time of the glue, which replaces the existing cumbersome need to apply the preload force to the bearing through the spring.
  • Bushing retention has a smaller dynamic change range than spring retention, and the preloading effect is more stable, thereby improving the stability of bearing operating conditions.
  • both ends of the inner bushing are used to maintain the coaxiality of the outer ring of the bearing at both ends.
  • the machining accuracy of the end face of the inner bushing is compared to the outer
  • the machining accuracy of bushing sleeve holes is easier to ensure, which effectively guarantees the coaxiality of the outer rings of the bearing at both ends and improves the stability of bearing operation.
  • the glue coating groove is an annular groove, and at least two annular grooves are provided at positions of the rotating shaft corresponding to the first bearing and the second bearing.
  • the inner bushing mainly serves to position the coaxiality of the outer rings of the bearings at both ends, and its shape and style are convenient for processing and can guarantee the processing accuracy.
  • the inner bushing is externally sleeved to match the matching outer bushing, the first bearing and the second bearing are respectively embedded in both ends of the outer bushing, and the first bearing and the second bearing outer ring It is fixed by glue with the inner wall of the outer bushing.
  • the outer bushing mainly serves to protect and further stabilize the bearing.
  • the inner bushing and the outer bushing are cylindrical.
  • the structure is easy to process and easy to assemble.
  • the assembly method of the high-speed rotor is: the stepped section is preset on the rotating shaft, and the glue groove corresponding to the first bearing and the second bearing are fixed.
  • the steps of the assembly method are as follows: 1. Corresponding to the rotating shaft Glue the glue groove of the first bearing, and then fix the first bearing at the position of the corresponding glue groove, and limit the inner ring of the first bearing to one end of the stepped section of the rotating shaft, keeping the rotating shaft vertical to the first bearing Support until the rotating shaft is glued with the first bearing; Second, apply glue to both ends of the inner bushing, and at the same time apply glue to the glue groove corresponding to the second bearing on the rotating shaft in step one, and apply the inner bushing and the second bearing Install the vertical rotating shaft in sequence, and make the two ends of the inner bushing and the first bearing and the outer ring end surface of the second bearing gluing and pre-fixed, and the second bearing and the rotating shaft are glued to the corresponding glue groove positions; Third, the rotating shaft in step two Before the second bearing
  • the bearing preload of this method is achieved by the preload of the preload weight and the curing time of the glue, which is different from the existing use of springs to provide preload, and the instability of the spring preloading process is eliminated during the assembly process , Improve the stability and reliability of the assembly, ensure the quality of assembly and the stability of the operation of the finished product.
  • the two ends of the inner bushing are glued and replaced with no glue at both ends.
  • the structure can also achieve the same purpose.
  • the glue on both ends of the inner bushing plays a role of pre-stabilization, reducing the difficulty of operation. Without glue, it needs to be more stable during operation, and the difficulty is slightly increased, but the operation steps and labor hours are saved.
  • Another method for assembling the high-speed rotor is: the stepped section is preset on the rotating shaft, and the glue groove corresponding to the first bearing and the second bearing is fixed.
  • the steps of the assembly method are as follows: Glue the glue groove corresponding to the first bearing on the top, and then fix the first bearing at the position corresponding to the glue groove, and limit the inner ring of the first bearing to one end of the stepped section of the rotating shaft, keeping the rotating shaft vertical to the first The bearing is supported until the rotating shaft is glued to the first bearing; 2.
  • step 1 Put the first bearing outer ring face in step 1 and the corresponding The glue grooves of the two bearings are respectively glued, and the outer bushing, the second bearing and the inner bushing of step 2 are matched with the rotating shaft and the first bearing, so that the first bearing and the second bearing are pressed against both ends of the inner bushing, And the first bearing extends into the outer bushing, keeping the stepped section of the rotating shaft to vertically support the first bearing, the inner bushing, and the second bearing.
  • the rotating shaft A preloading weight is sleeved on the top of the vertical support, and the preloading weight applies a preloading load to the end face of the inner ring of the second bearing until the first bearing, the second bearing and the rotating shaft are glued together, and then unloaded Except for the preload weight, the assembly of the high-speed rotor is completed.
  • the main difference between this method and the previous method is that it increases the glue of the outer bushing. In actual use, there are generally two products, one is the product without the outer bushing, and the other is the product with the outer bushing.
  • Products without outer bushings often correspond to the mechanical structure itself with an integrated outer bushing structure with better accuracy, while products with outer bushings correspond to the accuracy of the outer bushings in the mechanical structure or the mounting hole accuracy of the outer bushings In the case of low height, the rotor needs to be equipped with an outer bushing to ensure the assembly accuracy.
  • the overall structure of the invention is relatively simple, easy to assemble and process, improves the stability of the bearing preload on the rotating shaft, and at the same time ensures the coaxiality of the bearing assembly, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the rotor work, with less noise and longer service life Long, suitable for use as a high-speed rotor in vacuum cleaners, compressors and other mechanical fields, or the structural improvement of similar products.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of Solution 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of scheme one of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram 1 of the assembly state of the first solution of the present invention, in which a partial cross-section is made.
  • FIG. 4 is a second schematic structural view of the assembly state of the first solution of the present invention, which is partially cut away.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram 3 of the assembled state of the first solution of the present invention, which is partially cut away.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram 4 of the assembled state of the first solution of the present invention, which is partially cut away.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of scheme 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram 1 of the assembly state of the second solution of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram 2 of the assembly state of the second solution of the present invention, in which a partial cross-section is made.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram 3 of the assembly state of the second solution of the present invention, in which a partial cross-section is made.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram 4 of the assembled state of the second solution of the present invention, which is partially cut away.
  • the serial numbers and names in the picture are: 1. Rotating shaft, 101, stepped section, 102, glue groove, 2, first bearing, 3, second bearing, 4, inner bushing, 5, standard outer bushing, 6, rotating shaft Frame, 7. Pre-tightening weights, 8. Outer bushings, 9. Bearing standard parts.
  • the structure of the first solution of the present invention includes a rotating shaft 1, a first bearing 2, a second bearing 3, and an inner bushing 4.
  • the inner bushing is cylindrical, and the first bearing, the first Both bearings are of the same size.
  • the first bearing and the second bearing are spaced on the rotating shaft, and one end of the inner ring of the first bearing and the stepped section 101 of the rotating shaft are in a limited position.
  • the first bearing and the second bearing are provided with Tight inner bushing, the position where the rotating shaft connects the first bearing and the second bearing are provided with a glue groove 102, each glue groove is two annular grooves, and the glue and the first bearing are applied through the glue groove 2.
  • the second bearing is glued, and when glued, the inner bushing maintains the preload force against the end faces of the outer ring of the first bearing and the second bearing.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 it is the structure of the second solution of the present invention, which is different from the structure of the first solution in that the first bearing, the second bearing, the inner bushing are externally sleeved with the cylindrical outer bushing, and the first bearing 3.
  • the outer ring surface of the second bearing and the inner wall of the outer bushing are fixed by glue.
  • the assembly process of the high-speed rotor according to the first solution of the present invention is as follows: First, the glue groove 102 corresponding to the first bearing 2 on the rotating shaft 1 is glued, and then the first bearing is fixed to the corresponding paint The position of the glue groove, and limit the inner ring of the first bearing and the end of the stepped section 101 of the rotating shaft, position the rotating shaft vertically on a rotating shaft frame 6, and keep the rotating shaft supporting the first bearing until the rotating shaft and the first bearing glue solid.
  • the inner bushing and the second bearing Before the glue between the rotating shaft 1 and the second bearing 3 and between the inner bushing 4 and the first bearing 2 and the second bearing is not glued, in the first bearing, the inner bushing and the second bearing The outer sleeve is connected with a standard outer bushing 5, and a preloaded weight 7 is sleeved on the top of the rotating shaft.
  • the standard outer bushing forms a positioning for the inner bushing, the first bearing, and the second bearing, and the preloaded weight is for the second
  • a preloading load is applied to the end face of the inner ring of the bearing until the rotating shaft and the second bearing, as well as the inner bushing and the first bearing and the second bearing are glued together, and the standard outer bushing and preloaded weight are removed after the glue is completed. That is, the assembly of a high-speed rotor of the scheme is completed.
  • the assembly process of the high-speed rotor according to the second solution of the present invention is as follows: First, the glue groove 102 corresponding to the first bearing 2 on the rotating shaft 1 is glued, and then the first bearing is fixed to the corresponding paint The position of the glue groove, and limit the inner ring of the first bearing and the end of the stepped section 101 of the rotating shaft, position the rotating shaft vertically on a rotating shaft frame 6, and keep the rotating shaft supporting the first bearing until the rotating shaft and the first bearing glue solid.
  • the tightening weight applies a preloading load to the end face of the inner ring of the second bearing until the first bearing, the second bearing, and the rotating shaft are glued together. After the glueing is completed, the preloading weight is removed, and the assembly of the high-speed rotor is completed.

Abstract

一种高速转子及其装配方法，其包括转轴(1)、第一轴承(2)、第二轴承(3)、内衬套(4)，第一轴承(2)、第二轴承(3)间隔套设于转轴(1)，且第一轴承(2)的内圈一端与转轴(1)的阶梯段(101)相抵限位，第一轴承(2)、第二轴承(3)之间设有对两者外圈端面提供预紧力的内衬套(4)，转轴(1)连接第一轴承(2)、第二轴承(3)的位置均设有涂胶槽(102)，并通过涂胶槽(102)内涂抹胶水与第一轴承(2)、第二轴承(3)胶固，且胶固时，内衬套(4)保持对第一轴承(2)、第二轴承(3)外圈端面的抵紧预紧力。该装配方法将内衬套(4)作为转轴(1)上两端轴承的同轴度保持件和定位件，利用轴承与转轴(1)胶合固化的时间，并配合预紧砝码(7)对轴承内圈加载预紧力，直至胶合固化完成整个装配过程。该高速转子结构较为简单，易于装配加工，提高了转子工作的稳定性和使用寿命。

Description

高速转子及其装配方法 技术领域
本发明属于机械传动领域，是一种高速转子及其装配方法。
 背景技术
转子是指由轴承支撑的旋转体，多为动力机械和工作机械中的主要旋转部件。随着机械领域的不断发展，高速运转的机械越来越多，为此，对转子的要求也越来越高。现有转子的一般结构包括转轴、轴承、预紧弹簧、衬套，轴承通常成对间隔设置在转轴上，两者之间通过预紧弹簧提供预紧力，轴承外部套接衬套。如中国专利文献刊载的发明专利申请公布号CN102414451A，申请公布日为2012年4月11日，发明专利申请名称为“转子组件”，其包括一对间隔开的轴承，轴承被套筒围绕，两个轴承件设有预加载的弹簧。还有如中国专利文献刊载的发明专利申请公布号CN106877556A，申请公布日2017年6月20日，发明专利申请名称为“电机”，其也公开了一种转子，包括轴，轴上间隔开的一对轴承，以及位于两个轴承之间的弹簧，其省略了外套筒，因外套筒与电机的框架设计呈一体式。以上两件公开文献的轴承之间均是通过弹簧提供预紧力，虽然可行，但是利用弹簧提供预紧力存在以下缺点：1、预紧的稳定性不高，因转子工作中的振动影响，弹簧始终处于动态变化中，其预紧力的大小变化范围相对较大，致使轴承工作状态产生相当范围的变化，易造成转子运行稳定性欠佳的问题，且弹簧随着长时间使用或自身老化，易导致预紧力失效。2、采用弹簧预紧并配合外衬套确保同轴度欠可靠，转轴上的轴承外圈同轴度主要依靠外衬套保证，对外衬套套孔加工精度要求较高，外衬套套孔误差或相对轴承外圈间隙较大时，容易造成转轴上轴承外圈同轴度欠佳，进而影响弹簧预紧的可靠性，进一步扩大上述缺点1的问题。3、转轴上轴承装配相对困难，需要外部机构始终保持弹簧的预紧力。
 技术问题
在为克服上述不足，本发明的目的是向本领域提供一种高速转子及其装配方法，使其解决现有同类转子预紧稳定性欠佳，预紧装配较为不便的技术问题。其目的是通过如下技术方案实现的。
 技术解决方案
一种高速转子，其包括转轴、第一轴承、第二轴承、内衬套，内衬套为柱形，第一轴承、第二轴承尺寸相同；其结构要点在于所述第一轴承、第二轴承间隔套设于所述转轴，且第一轴承的内圈一端与转轴的阶梯段相抵限位，第一轴承、第二轴承之间设有对两者外圈端面提供预紧力的所述内衬套，所述转轴连接第一轴承、第二轴承的位置均设有涂胶槽，并通过涂胶槽内涂抹胶水与第一轴承、第二轴承胶固，且胶固时，所述内衬套保持对第一轴承、第二轴承外圈端面的抵紧预紧力。通过上述结构，利用内衬套对两端轴承外圈抵紧，并配合胶水固化时间完成对轴承的预紧力加载，取代了现有需要通过弹簧对轴承施加预紧力的繁琐，且利用内衬套保持相比弹簧保持动态变化范围更小，预紧效果更为稳定，从而提高了轴承运行工况的稳定性。除此以外，该结构中采用内衬套两端保持两端轴承外圈的同轴度，相比现有采用外衬套保持轴承外圈同轴度，内衬套的端面加工精度相比外衬套套孔加工精度更易保证，有效保证两端轴承外圈的同轴度，提高轴承运行的稳定性。
上述高速转子中，所述涂胶槽为环形凹槽，且转轴对应第一轴承、第二轴承的位置各设有至少两道环形凹槽。通过该结构，提高胶合的稳固性，对轴承提供更好的预紧保持力。
上述高速转子中，所述内衬套至少两端为圆筒形，且两端圆筒形的外径与所述第一轴承、第二轴承的外径相同，内衬套其余部分的外径小于等于两端圆筒形的外径。通过该结构，内衬套主要起到对两端轴承外圈同轴度定位，其形状样式以方便加工并能保证加工精度即可。
上述高速转子中，所述内衬套外部活动套接匹配的外衬套，所述第一轴承、第二轴承分别嵌设于外衬套两端内，且第一轴承、第二轴承外圈与外衬套内壁之间通过胶水胶固。该外衬套主要起到防护和进一步稳固轴承的作用。
上述高速转子中，内衬套、外衬套均为圆筒形。该结构易加工，易装配。
该高速转子的装配方法为：所述转轴上预设有所述阶梯段，以及对应固定所述第一轴承、第二轴承的涂胶槽，该装配方法的步骤如下：一、将转轴上对应第一轴承的涂胶槽进行涂胶，然后将第一轴承固定于对应涂胶槽位置，并使第一轴承的内圈与转轴的阶梯段一端限位，保持转轴竖向对第一轴承进行支撑直至转轴与第一轴承胶固；二、将所述内衬套两端进行涂胶，同时对步骤一转轴上对应第二轴承的涂胶槽进行涂胶，将内衬套、第二轴承依次装入竖向的转轴，并使内衬套两端与第一轴承、第二轴承的外圈端面相抵胶合预固定，第二轴承与转轴对应涂胶槽位置胶合；三、在步骤二转轴与第二轴承，以及内衬套与第一轴承、第二轴承未胶固前，在第一轴承、内衬套、第二轴承外部套接一个标准外衬套，并且在转轴的顶部套接一个预紧砝码，预紧砝码对第二轴承的内圈端面施加一个预紧载荷，直至转轴与第二轴承，以及内衬套与第一轴承、第二轴承形成胶固，胶固完成后卸除标准外衬套和预紧砝码，即完成该高速转子的装配。该方法的轴承预紧是通过预紧砝码的预紧力加载配合胶水固化时间实现的，其不同于现有采用弹簧提供预紧力，装配过程中消除了弹簧预紧加载过程的不稳定性，提高了装配的稳定性和可靠性，保证装配质量和成品运行的稳定。
上述高速转子的装配方法中，所述内衬套两端涂胶替换为两端不涂胶。该结构同样也能实现相同目的，内衬套两端涂胶起到预稳定的作用，降低操作难度，而不涂胶则需要操作时更加稳定，难度稍有增加，但节省操作步骤和工时。
另一种高速转子的装配方法为：所述转轴上预设有所述阶梯段，以及对应固定所述第一轴承、第二轴承的涂胶槽，该装配方法的步骤如下：一、将转轴上对应第一轴承的涂胶槽进行涂胶，然后将第一轴承固定于对应涂胶槽位置，并使第一轴承的内圈与转轴的阶梯段一端限位，保持转轴竖向对第一轴承进行支撑直至转轴与第一轴承胶固；二、取一个与第二轴承尺寸一致的轴承标准件，以及一个与第二轴承外圈套接的外衬套，将外衬套竖向套接于轴承标准件，然后将所述内衬套放入外衬套内与轴承标准件的外圈端面相抵，再将所述第二轴承外圈面涂胶后放入外衬套内，使第二轴承的外圈端面与内衬套端面相抵限位，静置直至第二轴承的外圈面与外衬套内壁胶固；三、将步骤一中第一轴承外圈面，以及转轴上对应第二轴承的涂胶槽分别涂胶，将步骤二的外衬套、第二轴承、内衬套与所述转轴和第一轴承配合，使第一轴承、第二轴承相抵内衬套两端，且第一轴承伸入外衬套内，保持转轴的阶梯段对第一轴承、内衬套、第二轴承进行竖向支撑，在第二轴承对应涂胶槽内的胶水未凝固前，在转轴竖向支撑的顶部套接一个预紧砝码，预紧砝码对所述第二轴承的内圈端面施加预紧载荷，直至第一轴承、第二轴承与转轴胶固，胶固完成后卸除预紧砝码，即完成该高速转子的装配。该方法相比前述方法的主要区别在于增加了外衬套的胶固，实际使用中，一般有两种产品，一种是无外衬套的产品，另一种是有外衬套的产品，无外衬套的产品往往对应的是机械结构中本身集成设有精度较好的外衬套结构，而有外衬套的产品则对应机械结构中无外衬套或对应外衬套安装孔精度不高的情况，需要转子自带外衬套保证装配精度。
 有益效果
本发明整体结构较为简单，易于装配加工，提高了转轴上轴承预紧的稳定性，同时保证了轴承装配的同轴度，从而提高转子工作的稳定性和可靠性，噪音更小，使用寿命更长，适合作为吸尘器、压缩机等机械领域中的高速转子使用，或同类产品的结构改进。
 附图说明
图1是本发明方案一的部分剖视结构示意图。
图2是本发明方案一的立体结构示意图。
图3是本发明方案一的装配状态结构示意图一，图中作了部分剖视。
图4是本发明方案一的装配状态结构示意图二，图中作了部分剖视。
图5是本发明方案一的装配状态结构示意图三，图中作了部分剖视。
图6是本发明方案一的装配状态结构示意图四，图中作了部分剖视。
图7是本发明方案二的部分剖视结构示意图。
图8是本发明方案二的立体结构示意图。
图9是本发明方案二的装配状态结构示意图一。
图10是本发明方案二的装配状态结构示意图二，图中作了部分剖视。
图11是本发明方案二的装配状态结构示意图三，图中作了部分剖视。
图12是本发明方案二的装配状态结构示意图四，图中作了部分剖视。
图中序号及名称为：1、转轴，101、阶梯段，102、涂胶槽，2、第一轴承，3、第二轴承，4、内衬套，5、标准外衬套，6、转轴架，7、预紧砝码，8、外衬套，9、轴承标准件。
 本发明的实施方式
现结合附图，对本发明作进一步描述。
如图1、图2所示为本发明的方案一结构，其包括转轴1、第一轴承2、第二轴承3、内衬套4构成，内衬套为圆筒形，第一轴承、第二轴承规格尺寸相同。第一轴承、第二轴承间隔套设于转轴，且第一轴承的内圈一端与转轴的阶梯段101相抵限位，第一轴承、第二轴承之间设有对两者外圈端面提供预紧力的内衬套，转轴连接第一轴承、第二轴承的位置均设有涂胶槽102，各涂胶槽均为两道环形凹槽，并通过涂胶槽内涂抹胶水与第一轴承、第二轴承胶固，且胶固时，内衬套保持对第一轴承、第二轴承外圈端面的抵紧预紧力。如图7、图8所示为本发明的方案二结构，其与方案一的结构区别在于第一轴承、第二轴承、内衬套外部套接圆筒状的外衬套，且第一轴承、第二轴承外圈面与外衬套内壁之间通过胶水胶合固定。
如图3-6所示为本发明方案一的高速转子装配过程，具体为：一、将转轴1上对应第一轴承2的涂胶槽102进行涂胶，然后将第一轴承固定于对应涂胶槽位置，并使第一轴承的内圈与转轴的阶梯段101一端限位，将转轴竖向定位于一个转轴架6上，并保持转轴对第一轴承进行支撑直至转轴与第一轴承胶固。
二、将内衬套4两端进行涂胶（亦可不涂胶），同时对步骤一转轴上对应第二轴承3的涂胶槽102进行涂胶，将内衬套、第二轴承依次装入竖向的转轴1，并使内衬套两端与第一轴承2、第二轴承的外圈端面相抵胶合预固定，转轴上对应第二轴承的涂胶槽位置涂抹胶水。
三、在步骤二转轴1与第二轴承3之间，以及内衬套4与第一轴承2、第二轴承之间的胶水未胶固前，在第一轴承、内衬套、第二轴承外部套接一个标准外衬套5，并且在转轴的顶部套接一个预紧砝码7，标准外衬套对内衬套、第一轴承、第二轴承形成定位，预紧砝码对第二轴承的内圈端面施加一个预紧载荷，直至转轴与第二轴承，以及内衬套与第一轴承、第二轴承形成胶固，胶固完成后卸除标准外衬套和预紧砝码，即完成该方案一高速转子的装配。
如图9-12所示为本发明方案二的高速转子装配过程，具体为：一、将转轴1上对应第一轴承2的涂胶槽102进行涂胶，然后将第一轴承固定于对应涂胶槽位置，并使第一轴承的内圈与转轴的阶梯段101一端限位，将转轴竖向定位于一个转轴架6上，并保持转轴对第一轴承进行支撑直至转轴与第一轴承胶固。
二、取一个与第二轴承3尺寸一致的轴承标准件9，轴承标准件预先固定于转轴架6，以及一个与第二轴承外圈套接的外衬套8，将外衬套竖向套接于轴承标准件，然后将内衬套4放入外衬套内与轴承标准件的外圈端面相抵，再将第二轴承外圈面涂胶后放入外衬套内，使第二轴承的外圈端面与内衬套端面相抵限位，静置直至第二轴承的外圈面与外衬套内壁胶固。
三、将步骤一中第一轴承2外圈面，以及转轴1上对应第二轴承3的涂胶槽102分别涂胶，将步骤二的外衬套8、第二轴承、内衬套4与转轴和第一轴承配合，使第一轴承、第二轴承相抵内衬套两端，且第一轴承伸入外衬套内，将转轴竖向定位于转轴架6上，并保持转轴的阶梯段102对第一轴承、内衬套、第二轴承进行竖向支撑，在第二轴承对应涂胶槽内的胶水未凝固前，在转轴竖向支撑的顶部套接一个预紧砝码7，预紧砝码对第二轴承的内圈端面施加预紧载荷，直至第一轴承、第二轴承与转轴胶固，胶固完成后卸除预紧砝码，即完成该高速转子的装配。
以上内容旨在说明本发明的技术手段，并非限制本发明的技术范围。本领域技术人员结合现有公知常识对本发明做显而易见的改进，亦落入本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种高速转子，其包括转轴（1）、第一轴承（2）、第二轴承（3）、内衬套（4），内衬套为柱形，第一轴承、第二轴承尺寸相同；其特征在于所述第一轴承（2）、第二轴承（3）间隔套设于所述转轴（1），且第一轴承的内圈一端与转轴的阶梯段（101）相抵限位，第一轴承、第二轴承之间设有对两者外圈端面提供预紧力的所述内衬套（4），所述转轴连接第一轴承、第二轴承的位置均设有涂胶槽（102），并通过涂胶槽内涂抹胶水与第一轴承、第二轴承胶固，且胶固时，所述内衬套保持对第一轴承、第二轴承外圈端面的抵紧预紧力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高速转子，其特征在于所述涂胶槽（102）为环形凹槽，且转轴（1）对应第一轴承（2）、第二轴承（3）的位置各设有至少两道环形凹槽。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的高速转子，其特征在于所述内衬套（4）至少两端为圆筒形，且两端圆筒形的外径与所述第一轴承（2）、第二轴承（3）的外径相同，内衬套其余部分的外径小于等于两端圆筒形的外径。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的高速转子，其特征在于所述内衬套（4）外部活动套接匹配的外衬套（8），所述第一轴承（2）、第二轴承（3）分别嵌设于外衬套两端内，且第一轴承、第二轴承外圈与外衬套内壁之间通过胶水胶固。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的高速转子，其特征在于所述内衬套（4）、外衬套（8）均为圆筒形。
  6. 一种如权利要求1所述的高速转子的装配方法，其特征在于所述转轴（1）上预设有所述阶梯段（101），以及对应固定所述第一轴承（2）、第二轴承（3）的涂胶槽（102），该装配方法的步骤如下：
    一、将转轴（1）上对应第一轴承（2）的涂胶槽（102）进行涂胶，然后将第一轴承固定于对应涂胶槽位置，并使第一轴承的内圈与转轴的阶梯段（101）一端限位，保持转轴竖向对第一轴承进行支撑直至转轴与第一轴承胶固；
    二、将所述内衬套（4）两端进行涂胶，同时对步骤一转轴上对应第二轴承（3）的涂胶槽进行涂胶，将内衬套、第二轴承依次装入竖向的转轴，并使内衬套两端与第一轴承、第二轴承的外圈端面相抵胶合预固定，第二轴承与转轴对应涂胶槽位置胶合；
    三、在步骤二转轴与第二轴承，以及内衬套与第一轴承、第二轴承未胶固前，在第一轴承、内衬套、第二轴承外部套接一个标准外衬套（5），并且在转轴的顶部套接一个预紧砝码（7），预紧砝码对第二轴承的内圈端面施加一个预紧载荷，直至转轴与第二轴承，以及内衬套与第一轴承、第二轴承形成胶固，胶固完成后卸除标准外衬套和预紧砝码，即完成该高速转子的装配。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的高速转子的装配方法，其特征在于所述内衬套（4）两端涂胶替换为两端不涂胶。
  8. 一种如权利要求1所述的高速转子的装配方法，其特征在于所述转轴（1）上预设有所述阶梯段（101），以及对应固定所述第一轴承（2）、第二轴承（3）的涂胶槽（102），该装配方法的步骤如下：
    一、将转轴（1）上对应第一轴承（2）的涂胶槽（102）进行涂胶，然后将第一轴承固定于对应涂胶槽位置，并使第一轴承的内圈与转轴的阶梯段（102）一端限位，保持转轴竖向对第一轴承进行支撑直至转轴与第一轴承胶固；
    二、取一个与第二轴承（3）尺寸一致的轴承标准件（9），以及一个与第二轴承外圈套接的外衬套（8），将外衬套竖向套接于轴承标准件，然后将所述内衬套（4）放入外衬套内与轴承标准件的外圈端面相抵，再将所述第二轴承外圈面涂胶后放入外衬套内，使第二轴承的外圈端面与内衬套端面相抵限位，静置直至第二轴承的外圈面与外衬套内壁胶固；
    三、将步骤一中第一轴承外圈面，以及转轴上对应第二轴承的涂胶槽分别涂胶，将步骤二的外衬套、第二轴承、内衬套与所述转轴和第一轴承配合，使第一轴承、第二轴承相抵内衬套两端，且第一轴承伸入外衬套内，保持转轴的阶梯段对第一轴承、内衬套、第二轴承进行竖向支撑，在第二轴承对应涂胶槽内的胶水未凝固前，在转轴竖向支撑的顶部套接一个预紧砝码（7），预紧砝码对所述第二轴承的内圈端面施加预紧载荷，直至第一轴承、第二轴承与转轴胶固，胶固完成后卸除预紧砝码，即完成该高速转子的装配。
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