WO2020085179A1 - 抗肥満剤、頻尿改善剤、自律神経活動調節剤 - Google Patents
抗肥満剤、頻尿改善剤、自律神経活動調節剤 Download PDFInfo
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- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
- C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
- C07K14/4732—Casein
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antiobesity agent, a frequent urinary amelioration agent, an autonomic nerve activity regulator, and the like.
- QOL quality of life
- anti-obesity agents with a body lipolysis promoting action have been proposed, and for example, capsaicin contained in capsicum and (Patent Document 1), and plants of Brassicaceae plants (Patent Document 2) are known.
- Frequent urination is a phenomenon in which the frequency of urination increases because the bladder urinates before it reaches the original capacity for storing urine. Frequent urination causes stress in daily life, and nighttime urination reduces the quality and amount of sleep, impairing a healthy and comfortable life.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a perilla leaf and a pumpkin seed.
- Patent Document 8 discloses amino acid substitution and modified peptides of neurokinin, which is a neuropeptide.
- the present invention aims to provide a novel technique for anti-obesity.
- LNDP lactononadecapeptide
- the gist of the present invention is as follows. [1] Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu or its salt as an active ingredient Urine improver. [2] Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu or a salt thereof as an active ingredient Accelerator.
- Adrenal gland containing Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu or a salt thereof as an active ingredient A sympathetic nerve activity promoter.
- Adrenal gland containing Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu or a salt thereof as an active ingredient Promoter of sympathetic centrifugal branch activity.
- Lower stomach containing Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu or a salt thereof as an active ingredient A promoter of neural activity.
- Lower stomach containing Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu or a salt thereof as an active ingredient A promoter of the activity of the efferent nerve branches.
- Subsympathy containing Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu or a salt thereof as an active ingredient Inhibitor of nerve activity.
- Pelvis containing Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu or a salt thereof as an active ingredient Inhibitor of visceral nerve activity.
- Cardiotonic agent containing Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu or a salt thereof as an active ingredient .
- Bronchial tube containing Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu or a salt thereof as an active ingredient Extender.
- White adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity (WAT-SNA) when the adipose tissue sympathetic centrifugal branch was administered intragastrically to LmLDP 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 mg / mL or 1 mL / 300 g body weight rats. It is a graph which concerns on the change of. A graph showing changes in the activity of the white adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity (WAT-SNA) when intragastric administration of an aqueous solution containing 0.1 mg / mL LNDP or water to 1 mL / 300 g body weight rats. is there.
- HGNA hypogastric nerve activity
- Fig. 2 is a graph showing changes in hypogastric nerve activity (HGNA) when an aqueous solution containing 0.01 mg / mL LNDP or water was intragastrically administered to rats at 1 mL / 300 g body weight.
- HGNA hypogastric nerve activity
- 1 is a graph showing changes in hypogastric nerve activity (HGNA) when an aqueous solution containing 0.1 mg / mL LNDP or water was intragastrically administered to rats at 1 mL / 300 g body weight.
- Fig. 2 is a graph showing changes in pelvic splanchnic nerve activity (PSNA) when intraperitoneally administering an aqueous solution containing 0.1 mg / mL LNDP or water to 1 mL / 300 g body weight rats.
- Fig. 2 is a graph showing changes in adrenal sympathetic nerve activity (ASNA) when an aqueous solution containing 0.1 mg / mL LNDP or water was intragastrically administered to rats at 1 mL / 300 g body weight.
- PSNA pelvic splanchnic nerve activity
- ASNA adrenal sympathetic nerve activity
- Plasma FFA plasma free fatty acid
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the number of urinations during daytime awakening when a test food containing 2.4 mg of LNDP was ingested once after lunch and once after dinner for a total of twice a day (total LNDP 4.8 mg / day).
- antiobesity agent which contains lactononadeca peptide (LNDP) or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- LNDP lactononadeca peptide
- anti-obesity means that obesity can be prevented or ameliorated (a state in which fat accumulation is excessive is eliminated or alleviated).
- LNDP is Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu (1 letter amino acid code) And NIPPLTQTPVVVPPFLQPE, SEQ ID NO: 1).
- the three-letter and one-letter designations of amino acids and the notation of peptides follow the general rules well known to those skilled in the art.
- LNDP may be one synthesized organically or may be derived from a natural product.
- the synthesis method for synthesizing LNDP is not particularly limited, and a general method such as a solid phase method (t-Boc method, Fmoc method) or a liquid phase method can be used. For example, see International Publication No. 2011/080947. It may be synthesized using an automatic peptide synthesizer such as the peptide synthesizer (PSSM-8 type) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
- PSSM-8 type the peptide synthesizer manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
- the reaction conditions at the time of synthesis, the method for purifying the obtained peptide, etc. are not particularly limited and can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art.
- LNDP is derived from a natural product, and the method for producing LNDP from the natural product is not particularly limited.
- a method of producing LNDP by subjecting to treatment is mentioned.
- the antiobesity agent of the present embodiment may contain a salt of LNDP instead of LNDP or together with LNDP.
- salts include salts that can exist under physiological conditions, such as sodium salts, potassium salts, and hydrochlorides.
- the antiobesity agent of the present embodiment may contain other components in addition to LNDP or a salt thereof, as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved.
- the antiobesity agent of the present embodiment may be a composition for preventing or ameliorating obesity.
- the antiobesity agent of the present embodiment may be a fermented product itself obtained by fermenting animal milk or milk protein, or a processed product itself obtained by enzymatically treating animal milk or milk protein.
- the form (form) of the anti-obesity agent of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, pharmaceuticals intended for humans (especially those having symptoms of obesity), quasi-drugs, foods and beverages, etc. It can be manufactured as a composition.
- the anti-obesity agent of the present embodiment is a drug, a quasi drug or a food or drink, LNDP or a salt thereof, for example, a excipient, a binder, a stabilizer, a disintegrating agent, a lubricant, a flavoring agent, a suspension.
- An agent, a coating agent, and other optional components can be appropriately mixed to prepare a formulation.
- the dosage form can be tablets, pills, capsules, granules, powders, powders, syrups and the like, and these are preferably administered orally.
- the antiobesity agent of the present embodiment when produced in the form of food and drink, in addition to ordinary food and drink, special-purpose foods, foods for specified health use of foods with health claims and foods with nutritional functions It may be a food with functional claims.
- Specific examples of the food and drink include, for example, dietary supplements (supplements), milk, processed milk, milk drinks, soft drinks, alcoholic beverages, fermented foods and drinks, fermented milk, yogurt, cheese, bread, biscuits, crackers, pizza crust, Ice cream, candy, gummies, gums, chocolates, formulas, liquid foods, foods for the sick, foods for infants, foods for infants, foods for breastfeeding women, freeze-dried foods, seasonings, sauces, noodles, etc.
- the antiobesity agent of the present embodiment is not limited to human-targeted medicines, quasi drugs, foods and drinks, and is intended for animals other than humans (particularly for those who have obesity symptoms). It may be in the form of a medicine or feed.
- non-human animals include non-human higher vertebrates, particularly non-human mammals, and more specifically, pets such as dogs and cats, and domestic animals such as cows, horses, pigs, and sheep. be able to.
- birds can be mentioned, and more specifically, pet birds such as parakeets and parrots, and poultry such as chickens, quails, and turkeys can be exemplified.
- the daily intake of the antiobesity agent of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and for example, in the case of an adult, 0.001 mg to 1 g, preferably 0.01 mg to LNDP or a salt thereof (the total amount when both are included) is used.
- the compounding amount may be adjusted so that 100 mg, more preferably 0.1 mg to 10 mg, and even more preferably 1 mg to 5 mg can be ingested.
- the content ratio of LNDP or a salt thereof in the antiobesity agent of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately adjusted depending on the ease of production, the preferable daily dose, and the like.
- the number of times of ingestion of the antiobesity agent of the present embodiment per day is not particularly limited, and it can be set to once or plural times per day, preferably 1 to 3 times / day, more preferably once. / Day or twice / day.
- LNDP or a salt thereof according to the present embodiment, for example, by ingesting a drug containing the above LNDP or a salt thereof, a quasi drug, a food or drink, etc.
- non-human animals for example, can promote lipolysis of white adipose tissue (therefore, the present invention contains LNDP and can have the same composition and form (form) as an antiobesity agent) Also related to lipolysis promoter).
- the antiobesity agent according to the present invention can be applied to other embodiments. Specifically, containing LNDP or a salt thereof as an active ingredient, a frequent urine ameliorating agent, a urine accumulation promoter, an autonomic nerve activity regulator, a sympathetic nerve activity promoter, a white adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity promoter, a white adipose tissue Sympathetic efferent branch activity promoter, adrenal sympathetic nerve activity promoter, adrenal sympathetic nerve branch activity promoter, hypogastric nerve activity promoter, hypogastric nerve centrifugal activity promoter, parasympathetic nerve activity Inhibitors, inhibitors of pelvic splanchnic nerve activity, inhibitors of pelvic splanchnic nerve activity, appetite suppressants, antidiarrheal agents, irritable bowel syndrome improvers, glycogen degradation accelerators, fatigue relievers, cardiotonics, bronchodilation
- the agent may be an adrenaline and / or a
- composition and form (form) can be the same as, for example, the case of the antiobesity agent described above. A description of this point will be omitted.
- improvement of frequent urination means that the number of urinations can be reduced.
- urine storage means that urine is stored in the bladder.
- LNDP has an action of enhancing the activity of the white adipose tissue sympathetic nerve centrifugal branch, which is an autonomic nerve and a sympathetic nerve. It is known that by enhancing the activity of the white adipose tissue sympathetic nerve centrifugal branch, the activity of hormone-sensitive lipase in white adipose tissue is enhanced and lipolysis is promoted (Timothy J. Bartness, Shrestha, YB, Vaughan, CH , Schwartz, GJ, and Song, CK, Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010, 29; 318 (1-2): 34-43.
- the sympathetic nerves starting from the T5-L3 segment show the heart, lung, stomach, liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal medulla, small intestine, large intestine, kidney. Due to its widespread control of the bladder, reproductive organs, and chest to lower abdomen, LNDP may also regulate the function of these organs based on its regulatory effect on white adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity. In fact, LNDP promotes the activity of the inferior epigastric nerve, which is a sympathetic nerve, as in Test Example 2 and the activity of the adrenal sympathetic nerve branch in Test Example 4.
- the heart enhances its activity to accommodate the increased blood volume required during exercise, activity and excitement.
- the lungs it expands the bronchi, corresponding to the increased oxygen uptake required during exercise, activity and excitement, and for the liver, it decomposes glycogen and glucose required during exercise, activity and excitement. Release into the blood and suppress insulin secretion in the pancreas to raise blood glucose level.
- the adrenal medulla the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline into the blood is increased to enhance systemic sympathetic nerve activity, and as described above, the blood glucose concentration is increased to induce / sustain exercise, activity, and excitement.
- the appetite can be suppressed by suppressing its motility.
- the appetite can be suppressed by first suppressing its motility.
- diarrhea can be suppressed due to decreased motility.
- diarrhea can be suppressed by suppressing its motility.
- LNDP has an action of suppressing the activity of the pelvic visceral nerve centrifugal branch, which is an autonomic nerve and a parasympathetic nerve, as in Test Example 3.
- the pelvic splanchnic nerve is of William C. de Groat, Derek Griffiths, and Naoki Yoshimura, Compr Physiol. 2015 Jan; 5 (1): 327-396.
- the parasympathetic nerve starting from the S2-S4 segment controls not only the bladder but also the large intestine and the reproductive organs at the same time, according to Gannong Physiology Original Edition 25th Edition, 2017 P.308, Fig. 13 ⁇ 3.
- the functions of these organs can be regulated based on the regulatory action of pelvic visceral nerve activity.
- diarrhea can be suppressed by suppressing its motility. This effect may be similarly regulated in pathological conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome.
- LNDP or its salt can be used for controlling autonomic nervous activity.
- LNDP or a salt thereof promotes sympathetic nerve activity, more specifically white adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity (particularly promotion of white adipose tissue sympathetic nerve centrifugal branch activity), adrenal sympathetic nerve activity (In particular, it can be used to promote the activity of the adrenal sympathetic nerve centrifugal branch) and the hypogastric nerve activity (in particular, promote the activity of the hypogastric nerve centrifugal branch).
- LNDP or a salt thereof can be used for suppressing parasympathetic nerve activity, more specifically for suppressing pelvic splanchnic nerve activity (in particular, pelvic splanchnic nerve centrifugal branch activity).
- LNDP or a salt thereof improve urinary frequency, promote urine accumulation, suppress appetite, prevent diarrhea, improve irritable bowel syndrome, glycogen degradation, recover fatigue, cardiotonic, bronchodilation, promote adrenaline secretion, promote noradrenaline secretion, It can be used for infertility treatment of males (including human males), ejaculation induction, improvement of female insensitivity, vaginal contraction, promotion of vaginal mucus secretion, suppression of libido (particularly excessive libido).
- LNDP SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing
- Fmoc method solid phase synthesis method
- Example 1 Effect of enhancing white adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity> If the activity of the white adipose tissue sympathetic nerve centrifugal branch is increased, the hormone-sensitive lipase activity of white adipose tissue is increased, the decomposition of neutral fat stored in white adipocytes is promoted, and the produced glycerol and fatty acids are released into the blood. It will be released to and used as energy. Therefore, the effect of LNDP to enhance white adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity in rats was tested.
- the efferent branch refers to an efferent nerve branch that transmits a command of the central nervous system to a tissue.
- Wistar male rats weighing about 300g were kept in a constant temperature animal room at 24 ° C for 1 week or more under a 12-hour light-dark cycle (lighted from 8:00 to 20:00) and fasted for 3 hours on the day of the test. After anesthesia with urethane, a cannula for intragastric administration was inserted. After that, the abdomen was opened and the epididymal white adipose tissue sympathetic nerve was hung up with a silver electrode, its electrical activity was measured, and 1 mL / 300 g body weight of the solution containing LNDP was measured using a cannula when the measured value of this neural activity had subsided. This change in nerve activity was measured for 60 minutes by intragastric administration.
- LNDP 0.001 mg / 1 mL / 300 g body weight to 1 mg / 1 mL / 300 g body weight were tested using 1 rat each (Fig. 1).
- WAT-SNA white adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity
- the white adipose tissue sympathetic nerve is a sympathetic nerve starting from the T5-L3 segment of the spinal cord, and the sympathetic nerve starting from the T5-L3 segment is the heart, lung, stomach, liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal medulla, Due to its widespread control of the small intestine, large intestine, kidney, bladder, genitalia, and chest to the lower abdomen, LNDP may also regulate the function of these organs based on its regulatory effect on white adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity. In fact, LNDP promotes the activity of the inferior epigastric nerve, which is a sympathetic nerve, as in Test Example 2 and the activity of the adrenal sympathetic nerve branch in Test Example 4.
- Example 2 Effect of enhancing lower abdominal nerve activity> From Test Example 1, it was found that LNDP regulates sympathetic nerve activity starting from T5-L3 segment of spinal cord. It is known that among the T5-L3 segments of the spinal cord, the sympathetic nerve, which is a sympathetic nerve starting from the T11-L2 segment, controls organs / tissues such as the bladder, small intestine, large intestine, and reproductive organs in the lower abdomen. It is known that accelerated hypogastric nerve activity (HGNA) in the hypogastric nerve causes relaxation of the detrusor muscle and contraction of the internal urethral sphincter, which suppresses involuntary urination and enables urine collection. Therefore, the effect of intragastric administration of LNDP on HGNA was examined.
- HGNA hypogastric nerve activity
- Wistar male rats weighing about 300 g which were kept in a constant temperature animal room at 24 ° C for 12 hours under a 12-hour light-dark cycle, and fasted for 3 hours on the day of the experiment, then anesthetized with urethane and used for intragastric administration. I inserted the cannula. After that, the abdomen was opened and the centrifugal branch of the hypogastric nerve was suspended with a silver electrode, and its electrical activity was measured.
- neural activity data were analyzed by the average value of the firing frequency (pulse / 5 s) per 5 seconds every 5 minutes, and expressed as a percentage with the average value (0 minute value) for 5 minutes before the start of stimulation as 100%. expressed.
- mean value ⁇ standard error is calculated from the data, and the statistically significant difference between the groups is tested by ANOVA with repeated measures, and the absolute value of the neural activity before the start of oral gastric administration (0 minutes) is calculated. Mann-Whitney U-test was used to test for statistically significant difference.
- HGNA gradually increased even when LNDP 0.1 mg / mL was intragastrically administered at 1 mL / 300 g, and the maximum value was 141.1% 55 minutes after the administration. HGNA increased even when 1 mg / mL LNDP was administered intragastrically at 1 mL / 300 g, and the maximum value was 147.8% 40 minutes after the administration, and remained around that value thereafter.
- HGNA gradually increased even when an aqueous solution containing 0.1 mg / mL LNDP at 1 mL / 300 g body weight was intragastrically administered, and the HGNA value reached a maximum value of 128.5 ⁇ 6.9% 50 minutes after intragastric administration, and thereafter, in the vicinity. Remained at the value of.
- HGNA hardly changed when 1 mL of water / 300 g of body weight was intragastrically administered, and the HGNA value took a maximum value of 105.5 ⁇ 3.8% 25 minutes after intragastric administration, and a minimum value of 97.9 ⁇ 1.6% after 40 minutes, During the other measurement periods, the values remained between these values (Fig. 5).
- the pelvic splanchnic nerve centrifugal branch is a parasympathetic nerve that originates in the S2-S4 segment of the spinal cord and controls organs and tissues such as the bladder, large intestine, and reproductive organs of the lower abdomen.
- the centrifugal branch is the central nervous system.
- An efferent nerve branch that transmits instructions to tissues.
- the pelvic visceral nerve activity data was analyzed by the average value of the firing frequency (pulse / 5 s) per 5 seconds every 5 minutes, and was expressed as a percentage with the average value (0 minute value) for 5 minutes before the start of stimulation as 100%. expressed.
- the mean ⁇ standard error is calculated from the data, and the statistically significant difference test as a group is performed by ANOVA with repeated measures, and statistical analysis between absolute values of nerve activity before intragastric administration (0 minutes) is performed. The statistically significant difference was tested by the Mann-Whitney U-test.
- PSNA hardly changed when 1 mL / 300 g body weight of water was administered intragastrically, and PSNA value was 98.6 ⁇ 0.6% after 35 minutes and 107.0 ⁇ 3.3% after 45 minutes. Inside stayed at values between these values. On the other hand, when 1 mL / 300 g body weight of an aqueous solution containing 0.1 mg / mL LNDP was intragastrically administered, PSNA gradually decreased, and the PSNA value reached a minimum value of 65.1 ⁇ 10.0% 60 minutes after intragastric administration. (Fig. 6).
- LNDP suppresses the activity of the pelvic splanchnic nerve by oral administration. Therefore, LNDP has the ability to suppress urination and reduce the frequency of urination.
- Example 4 Effect of enhancing adrenal sympathetic nerve activity> From Test Example 1, it was found that LNDP regulates sympathetic nerve activity starting from T5-L3 segment of spinal cord. Among the T5-L3 segments of the spinal cord, the adrenal sympathetic nerve, which is the sympathetic nerve starting from the T9-T10 segment, is known to dominate the adrenal medulla. If adrenal sympathetic nerve activity increases, the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline from the adrenal medulla into the blood increases, and by increasing the blood glucose concentration, exercise, activity, and excitement can be induced / sustained.
- ASNA adrenal sympathetic nerve activity
- neural activity data were analyzed by the average value of firing frequency (pulse / 5 s) per 5 seconds every 5 minutes, and expressed as a percentage with the average value (0 minute value) for 5 minutes before the start of stimulation as 100%. expressed.
- ANOVA with repeated measures was used to calculate the mean ⁇ standard error from the data, and the statistically significant difference between groups was tested using the ANOVA with repeated measures.
- the test of statistically significant difference was performed by Mann-Whitney U-test. ASNA hardly changed when 1 mL / 300 g body weight of water was intragastrically administered, and ASNA value reached the lowest value of 98.1 ⁇ 2.0% 35 minutes after intragastric administration and the highest value of 105.2 ⁇ 3.1% after 60 minutes, otherwise During the measurement period, the value remained between these values.
- LNDP orally administered promotes the activity of adrenal sympathetic nerve. Therefore, LNDP has the ability to induce and sustain exercise, activity, and excitement by promoting the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline from the adrenal medulla into the blood and increasing the blood glucose concentration.
- a blood sampling cannula was inserted into the right jugular vein under anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium (35 mg / kg, ip) and ketamine hydrochloride (75 mg / kg, ip) the day before.
- pentobarbital sodium 35 mg / kg, ip
- ketamine hydrochloride 75 mg / kg, ip
- the food was removed just before the start of the experiment, and blood was collected before administration using an intravenous cannula under no anesthesia, and then an aqueous solution containing 0.1 mg / mL LNDP or 1 mL / 300 g body weight of water was administered with a sonde for intragastric administration. It was administered intragastrically, and blood was collected at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the intragastric administration, respectively.
- EDTA 300 nmol / 0.01 mL EDTA was mixed with 0.2 mL of the collected blood sample and centrifuged to collect plasma. Immediately after the plasma collection, the plasma free fatty acid concentration (Plasma FFA) was measured by the enzymatic method (NEFA C-Test Wako L, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). The data was expressed as a percentage with the absolute value (0 minute value) of Plasma FFA before intragastric administration of LNDP or water taken as 100%. ANOVA with repeated measures was used to calculate the mean ⁇ standard error from the data, and the statistically significant difference as a group was tested. Statistics between absolute values of Plasma FFA before the start of gastric administration (0 minutes) The statistically significant difference was tested by Mann-Whitney U-test. The results are shown in Fig. 8.
- Plasma FFA concentration increased slightly at first, and Plasma FFA concentration became 117.1 ⁇ 25.7% 30 minutes after administration, but decreased after that, 60 minutes after administration. Was 88.0 ⁇ 8.4%, which was slightly higher than that, and 101.3 ⁇ 8.1% 120 minutes after administration.
- 1 mL / 300 g body weight of an aqueous solution containing 0.1 mg / mL LNDP was intragastrically administered, the plasma FFA concentration decreased to a minimum value of 96.0 ⁇ 14.3% 30 minutes after administration, but it increased after that and 120 minutes after administration. After that, it reached the highest value of 149.0 ⁇ 18.1%.
- LNDP has a function of stimulating the sympathetic nerve innervating white adipose tissue to promote the lipolysis of neutral fat from fatty acids and glycerin in white adipose tissue.
- LNDP is considered to have an antiobesity effect by decomposing body fat. It was confirmed that the white adipose tissue sympathetic nerve branch activity was statistically significantly increased, and the dose confirmed to decompose neutral fat and release free fatty acid into the blood was 0.1 mg / mL.
- Test Example 1 0.001 to 1 mg / mL increases white adipose tissue sympathetic centrifugal branch activity, so 0.001 to 1 mg / mL also decomposes neutral fat to release free fatty acids into the blood. it is conceivable that.
- Wistar male rats were received at 13 weeks of age, quarantine and acclimatized for 1 week in an animal room at 18 to 28 ° C under a 12-hour light-dark cycle, and then tested at 14 to 16 weeks of age with 10 animals per group.
- the amount of urination was measured as weight by feeding an LNDP aqueous solution or water of 0.1 mg / mL for 7 days from drinking water and raising the weight by an electronic balance installed below the urine collection port in the case of breeding in a metabolic cage. For the data of the electronic balance, the weight every minute was automatically input to the computer.
- the weight data of the electronic balance was confirmed in time series for each individual, and the increase in weight was defined as one urination, and the difference between the maximum value and the immediately preceding minimum value was defined as one urination volume.
- the statistical comparison method of the two groups is Student's t-test when the variance is uniform by the F test, and Aspin Welch's t-test when the variance is not uniform.
- the Wilcoxson rank sum test was performed on the measured values including the number of urination.
- a repeated two-way analysis of variance was performed for comparison of the test substance and the number of intake days for each measured value.
- a two-way analysis of variance for the number of daily urinations showed a significant decrease due to ingestion of an aqueous solution of LNDP, and no effects due to the ingestion days and the interaction.
- the urine output per dose in the water intake group was 1.20 ⁇ 0.03g
- the average urine volume per intake in the LNDP aqueous solution intake group was 1.41 ⁇ 0.05g, indicating that the LNDP aqueous solution intake group compared to the water intake group. Showed a significant increase in urine output per urination.
- a two-way analysis of variance on the amount of urine output per one time showed a significant increase due to ingestion of an aqueous solution of LNDP, and there was no effect due to the ingestion days and the interaction.
- the average value of urine output / kg body weight per dose in the water intake group was 2.93 ⁇ 0.09g
- the average value of urine output / kg body weight per dose in the LNDP aqueous solution intake group was 3.44 ⁇ 0.13g
- the LNDP aqueous solution intake group showed a significant increase in urination volume / body weight per one-time analysis, and the two-way analysis of variance showed a significant increase due to the LNDP aqueous solution intake, the intake days and the interaction. No effects were observed (Table 1).
- LNDP ingestion of LNDP contributes to the improvement of frequent urination by promoting the accumulation of urine, increasing the amount of micturition per one time, and decreasing the number of micturitions per day.
- the dose of LNDP used for spontaneous voiding was 0.1 mg / mL, which was confirmed to statistically significantly enhance hypogastric nerve activity and statistically significantly suppress pelvic visceral nerve activity. It was confirmed that 0.01 to 0.1 mg / mL, which was confirmed to statistically significantly increase hypogastric nerve activity, can improve frequent urination in spontaneous voiding.
- Example 7 Effect of improving frequent urination (1)>
- the test food was a test food containing LNDP and a placebo food containing no LNDP.
- 7 people were divided into 2 groups, and one group was allowed to ingest the test food for 14 days, followed by a washout period of 14 days, and then a placebo food for 14 days.
- the placebo food was consumed for 14 days, followed by a washout period of 14 days, and the test food for 14 days.
- the tablets described below were used for the test meal, and the test meal was taken 4 tablets once after the dinner.
- the test food contains 0.6 mg of LNDP per tablet
- the LNDP contained per intake of the test food is 2.4 mg
- the LNDP per day of the group consuming the test food is LNDP.
- the intake of is also 2.4 mg.
- the subjects were asked to keep a micturition diary in which the frequency of micturition and the micturition time were recorded, and this was used to evaluate the effect of LNDP on the frequency of micturition.
- the test food is a casein enzyme hydrolyzate, lactose, maltose, calcium stearate, silicon oxide, tablets made of shellac are used, placebo foods except that the same amount of dextrin was used instead of the casein enzyme hydrolyzate test food A tablet having the same composition as the above was used.
- the casein enzyme hydrolyzate contained in the test food is obtained by enzymatically decomposing an aqueous solution of sodium caseinate with a protease derived from Bacillus licheniformis, and powdered, and contains LNDP. The casein enzyme hydrolyzate was blended so that 0.6 mg of LNDP per tablet was contained in the test food.
- Test food was a test food containing LNDP and a placebo food containing no LNDP. Specifically, 6 people were divided into 2 groups, and one group was allowed to ingest the test food for 14 days, followed by a washout period of 14 days, and then a placebo food for 14 days. In another group, the placebo food was consumed for 14 days, followed by a washout period of 14 days, and the test food for 14 days.
- Test Example 7 The tablets of Test Example 7 were used as test meals, and the test meals were taken 4 tablets each after lunch and after dinner. Since the test food contains 0.6 mg of LNDP per tablet, the LNDP contained per intake of the test food is 2.4 mg, and the daily intake of LNDP of the group receiving the test food is 4.8. It becomes mg. During the test period, the subjects were asked to keep a micturition diary in which the frequency of micturition and the micturition time were recorded, and this was used to evaluate the effect of LNDP on the frequency of micturition.
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Abstract
Description
そして、このような肥満の状態が進行すると、健康で快適な生活は著しく毀損されてしまう。
また、ペプチド系物質による尿失禁予防医薬品として、特許文献8に神経ペプチドであるニューロキニンのアミノ酸置換および修飾ペプチドが開示されている。
本発明者は鋭意研究の結果、ラクトノナデカペプチド(LNDP)の体脂肪分解促進作用に基づき肥満を改善できることを見出した。
さらにまた、本発明者は、LNDPの蓄尿促進作用に基づく頻尿の改善や、自律神経活動調節作用などをも見出し、本発明を完成させた。
[1]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、頻尿改善剤。
[2]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、蓄尿促進剤。
[3]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、抗肥満剤。
[4]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、体脂肪分解促進剤。
[5]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、自律神経活動調節剤。
[6]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、交感神経活動の促進剤。
[7]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、白色脂肪組織交感神経活動の促進剤。
[8]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、白色脂肪組織交感神経遠心枝の活動の促進剤。
[9]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、副腎交感神経活動の促進剤。
[10]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、副腎交感神経遠心枝の活動の促進剤。
[11]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、下腹神経活動の促進剤。
[12]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、下腹神経遠心枝の活動の促進剤。
[13]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、副交感神経活動の抑制剤。
[14]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、骨盤内臓神経活動の抑制剤。
[15]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、骨盤内臓神経遠心枝の活動の抑制剤。
[16]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、食欲抑制剤。
[17]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、下痢止剤。
[18]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、過敏性腸症候群改善剤。
[19]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、グリコーゲン分解促進剤。
[20]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、疲労回復剤。
[21]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、強心剤。
[22]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、気管支拡張剤。
[23]Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、アドレナリン及び/又はノルアドレナリン分泌促進剤。
[24]頻尿改善のためのAsn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩の非治療的使用。
[25]蓄尿促進のためのAsn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩の非治療的使用。
[26]抗肥満のためのAsn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩の非治療的使用。
[27]頻尿改善のための組成物を調製するためのAsn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩の使用。
[28]蓄尿促進のための組成物を調製するためのAsn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩の使用。
[29]抗肥満のための組成物を調製するためのAsn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩の使用。
[30]前記組成物が食品組成物または医薬組成物である[27]から[29]のいずれか一つに記載の使用。
本実施形態は抗肥満剤に関し、ラクトノナデカペプチド(LNDP)又はその塩を有効成分として含有する。なお、本明細書において抗肥満とは、肥満を予防又は改善(脂肪蓄積が過剰な状態を解消又は緩和する)できることを意味する。
LNDPを合成するにあたっての合成方法は特に限定されず、固相法(t-Boc法、Fmoc法)や液相法といった一般的な方法を用いることができ、例えば国際公開第2011/080947号に記載の、島津製作所製のペプチド合成装置(PSSM-8型)のようなペプチド自動合成装置を用いて合成したものであってもよい。合成の際の反応条件や得られたペプチドの精製方法なども特に限定されず、当業者が適宜設定できる。
LNDPが天然物に由来し、該天然物からLNDPを生成させる方法も特に限定されない。例えば特開2013-005757号公報に記載の獣乳又は乳タンパク質を発酵させてLNDPを生成させる方法や、特開2013-005763号公報および特開2015-154773号公報に記載の乳カゼインを酵素的処理に供することによりLNDPを生成させる方法が挙げられる。
本実施形態の抗肥満剤の形態(剤型)については特に限定されず、例えばヒトを対象とする(特に肥満の症状を有するものを対象とする)医薬品、医薬部外品又は飲食品などの組成物として製造することができる。
本実施形態の抗肥満剤を医薬品、医薬部外品又は飲食品とする場合、LNDP又はその塩と例えば賦型剤、結合剤、安定剤、崩壊剤、滑沢剤、矯味矯臭剤、懸濁剤、コーティング剤、その他の任意の成分とを適宜混合して製剤化することもできる。剤形としては、錠剤、丸剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤、粉剤、シロップ剤等が可能であり、これらを経口的に投与することが望ましい。
また、本実施形態の抗肥満剤は、ヒトを対象とする医薬品、医薬部外品、飲食品に限らず、ヒト以外の動物を対象とする(特に肥満の症状を有するものを対象とする)医薬品や飼料などの形態であってもよい。ヒト以外の動物としてはヒト以外の高等脊椎動物、特にヒト以外の哺乳類を挙げることができ、より具体的にはイヌ、ネコ等の愛玩動物、ウシ、ウマ、ブタ、ヒツジ等の家畜を例示することができる。ならびに、鳥類も挙げることができ、より具体的には、インコ、オウム等の愛玩鳥類、ニワトリ、ウズラ、七面鳥等の家禽を例示することができる。
また、本実施形態の抗肥満剤の1日当たりの摂取回数についても特に限定されず、1日当たり1回ないし複数回とすることができ、好ましくは、1~3回/日、より好ましくは1回/日又は2回/日である。
すなわち、本実施形態に係るLNDP又はその塩を、例えば上述の当該LNDP又はその塩を含む医薬品、医薬部外品、飲食品などの態様で摂取することにより、個人差はあるが、摂取したヒトや非ヒト動物の、例えば、白色脂肪組織の脂肪分解を促進することができる(そのため、本発明はLNDPを含有し、抗肥満剤と同様の組成、形態(剤型)とすることができる体脂肪分解促進剤にも関する)。その結果、既に体に蓄積している脂肪の分解を促進したり、脂肪が体に蓄積するのを抑えることができるので、例えば、肥満を予防または改善することができ、生活の質(Quality of Life:QOL)の改善への寄与が期待できる。
以上、本発明に係わる抗肥満剤について説明したが本発明は他の実施形態とすることもできる。具体的には、LNDP又はその塩を有効成分として含む、頻尿改善剤、蓄尿促進剤、自律神経活動調節剤、交感神経活動の促進剤、白色脂肪組織交感神経活動の促進剤、白色脂肪組織交感神経遠心枝の活動の促進剤、副腎交感神経活動の促進剤、副腎交感神経遠心枝の活動の促進剤、下腹神経活動の促進剤、下腹神経遠心枝の活動の促進剤、副交感神経活動の抑制剤、骨盤内臓神経活動の抑制剤、骨盤内臓神経遠心枝の活動の抑制剤、食欲抑制剤、下痢止剤、過敏性腸症候群改善剤、グリコーゲン分解促進剤、疲労回復剤、強心剤、気管支拡張剤、またはアドレナリン及び/又はノルアドレナリン分泌促進剤とすることができる。
上記他の実施形態に関し、その組成や形態(剤型)は例えば上述した抗肥満剤の場合と同様とすることができる。この点についての説明は省略する。
なお、本明細書において、頻尿改善とは、排尿回数を減らすことができることを意味する。また、蓄尿とは尿を膀胱において貯めることを意味する。
ここで白色脂肪組織交感神経は、Ngoc Ly T. Nguyen, Jessica Randall, Bruce W. Banfield, and Timothy J. Bartness, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 306: R375-R386, 2014. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00552.2013. Central sympathetic innervations to visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue.によれば、脊髄のT5-L3分節から始まる交感神経である。
T5-L3分節から始まる交感神経は、ギャノング生理学原書25版, 2017のP.308, 図13・3によれば、心臓、肺、胃、肝臓、膵臓、脾臓、副腎髄質、小腸、大腸、腎臓、膀胱、生殖器、と胸部から下腹部を広く支配しているため、LNDPは、その白色脂肪組織交感神経活動の調節作用に基づき、これらの臓器の機能も調節し得る。事実、LNDPは、試験例2のように交感神経である下腹神経遠心枝の活動、および試験例4のように副腎交感神経遠心枝の活動を促進する。
その結果、心臓については、その活動を高めて、運動、活動、興奮時に必要な血液量の増加に対応する。同様に、肺については、気管支を拡張させ、運動、活動、興奮時に必要となる酸素取込量の増加に対応し、肝臓については、グリコーゲンを分解し、運動、活動、興奮時に必要となるグルコースの血中への放出を増加させ、膵臓についてはインスリンの分泌を抑制して血中のグルコース濃度を上昇させる。
副腎髄質については、アドレナリンおよびノルアドレナリンの血中への放出を増加させて全身の交感神経活動を高め、上述のように血中のグルコース濃度を高めることにより、運動、活動、興奮を誘導・持続させる。
胃については、その運動性を抑えることにより食欲を抑制し得る。
小腸については、先ずその運動性を抑えることにより食欲を抑制し得る。また、運動性の低下により下痢を抑制し得る。
大腸についても、その運動性を抑制することにより下痢を抑制し得る。
これらの小腸、大腸に対する効果は、過敏性腸症候群のような病態においても同様に調節し得る。
膀胱については、後述するように下腹神経遠心枝の活動を促進し、蓄尿を促進することにより頻尿を改善する。すなわち、膀胱において尿をより貯めることができるようになるので、排尿の回数をより少なくすることができる。
生殖器に関しては、ギャノング生理学原書25版, 2017のCHAPTER23「男性生殖器系の機能」(p.501~513)に射精誘導の作用の記載があることから、不妊治療等に活用し得る。また、ギャノング生理学原書25版, 2017のCHAPTER22「女性生殖器系の発達と機能」(p.467~499)に、性的興奮、膣粘液分泌、膣壁収縮が促進されるとの記載があることから、不感症改善等に活用し得る。
骨盤内臓神経は、William C. de Groat, Derek Griffiths, and Naoki Yoshimura, Compr Physiol. 2015 Jan;5(1):327-396. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c130056, Neural Control of the Lower Urinary Tract.のP.100, Figure 1によれば、脊髄のS2-S4分節から始まる副交感神経と接続している。また、S2-S4分節から始まる副交感神経は、ギャノング生理学原書25版, 2017のP.308, 図13・3によれば、膀胱だけではなく、同時に大腸、生殖器を支配しているため、LNDPは、その骨盤内臓神経活動の調節作用に基づき、これらの臓器の機能を調節し得る。
大腸については、その運動性を抑えることにより下痢を抑制し得る。
この効果は、過敏性腸症候群のような病態においても同様に調節し得る。
また、生殖器に関しては、ギャノング生理学原書25版, 2017のCHAPTER22「女性生殖器系の発達と機能」およびCHAPTER23「男性生殖器系の機能」(p.467~513)に記載があるとおり、男女を通じて性欲(特に過剰な性欲)を抑制し得る。
なお、試験例で使用したLNDP(配列表の配列番号1)についてはいずれも固相合成法(Fmoc法)により得たものを使用した。
白色脂肪組織交感神経遠心枝の活動が高まれば、白色脂肪組織のホルモン感受性リパーゼ活性が高まって、白色脂肪細胞内に貯蔵された中性脂肪の分解が促進され、生じたグリセロールと脂肪酸が血中に放出され、エネルギーとして利用されるようになる。そのため、ラットを用いてLNDPの白色脂肪組織交感神経活動を高める作用を試験した。なお、ここで遠心枝とは中枢神経系の指令を組織に伝える遠心性の神経枝を指す。
12時間毎の明暗周期(8時~20時まで点灯)下に24℃の恒温動物室にて1週間以上飼育した体重約300gのWistar系雄ラットを使用し、試験当日は3時間絶食させた後ウレタン麻酔して、胃内投与用のカニューレを挿入した。その後、開腹して副睾丸白色脂肪組織交感神経を銀電極で吊り上げ、その電気活動を測定し、この神経活動の測定値が落ち着いた時期にLNDPを含む溶液1mL/300g体重を、カニューレを用いて胃内投与してこの神経活動の変化を60分間測定した。対照実験としては水1mL/300g体重を胃内投与した時の白色脂肪組織交感神経の活動変化を測定した。これらの神経活動のデータは5分間毎の5秒当たりの発火頻度(pulse/5 s)の平均値にて解析し刺激開始前5分間の平均値(0分値)を100%とした百分率で表した。なお、データから平均値±標準誤差を計算すると共に、群としての統計学的有意差の検定はanalysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measuresにより行い、経口胃内投与開始前(0分)の神経活動の絶対値間の統計学的有意差の検定はMann-Whitney U-testにより行った。
以上より、LNDPは、経口胃内投与により白色脂肪細胞内に貯蔵された中性脂肪の分解を促進する白色脂肪組織交感神経遠心枝の活動を高める能力を有することが確認された。
試験例1から、LNDPは脊髄のT5-L3分節から始まる交感神経の活動を調節することがわかった。脊髄のT5-L3分節のうち、T11-L2分節から始まる交感神経である下腹神経が下腹部の膀胱、小腸、大腸、生殖器等の臓器・組織を支配することが知られている。下腹神経の遠心枝の活動(hypogastric nerve activity、HGNA)が促進されると排尿筋の弛緩と内尿道括約筋の収縮を引き起こし、不随意に起こる排尿を抑制して蓄尿を可能とすることが知られているため、LNDPの胃内投与がHGNAに与える効果を検討した。
以上より、LNDPは、経口投与により脊髄のT11-L2分節から始まる下腹神経遠心枝の活動を高めることが確認された。よってLNDPは排尿を抑制し、排尿回数を減らす能力を有する。
副交感神経である骨盤内臓神経の遠心枝の活動(pelvic splanchnic nerve activity、PSNA)が促進されると膀胱の排尿筋の収縮が引き起こされ、抑制されると排尿筋の弛緩が起こることが知られていたため、LNDPの胃投与がPSNAに与える効果を検討した。なお、骨盤内臓神経遠心枝に関し、骨盤内臓神経は脊髄のS2-S4分節に発し下腹部の膀胱、大腸、生殖器等の臓器・組織を支配する副交感神経であり、遠心枝とは中枢神経系の指令を組織に伝える遠心性の神経枝を指す。
試験例1から、LNDPは脊髄のT5-L3分節から始まる交感神経の活動を調節することがわかった。脊髄のT5-L3分節のうち、T9-T10分節から始まる交感神経である副腎交感神経が副腎髄質を支配することが知られている。
副腎交感神経活動が高まれば、副腎髄質からのアドレナリンおよびノルアドレナリンの血中への放出が増加し、血中のグルコース濃度が高まることにより、運動、活動、興奮を誘導・持続させることができることから、LNDPの胃内投与が副腎交感神経遠心枝の活動(adrenal sympathetic nerve activity、ASNA)に与える効果を検討した。
12時間毎の明暗周期下に24℃の恒温動物室にて1週間以上飼育した体重約300gのWistar系雄ラットを使用した。実験当日は3時間絶食させた後ウレタン麻酔し、胃内投与用のカニューレを挿入した。その後に開腹して副腎交感神経の遠心枝を銀電極で吊り上げ、その電気活動を測定した。この測定値が落ち着いた時期にLNDPを0.1mg/mL含む水溶液1mL/300g体重を、カニューレを用いて胃内投与し、副腎交感神経の活動変化を電気生理学的に60分間測定した。対照実験としては水1mL/300g体重を胃内投与した時の下腹神経の活動変化を測定した。手術開始から測定終了までチューブを気管に挿入して気道を確保し、保温装置にて体温(ラット直腸温)を37.0±0.5℃に保つようにした。これらの神経活動のデータは5分間毎の5秒当たりの発火頻度(pulse/5 s)の平均値にて解析し刺激開始前5分間の平均値(0分値)を100%とした百分率で表した。なお、データから平均値±標準誤差を計算すると共に、群としての統計学的有意差の検定はANOVA with repeated measuresにより行い、経口胃内投与開始前(0分)の神経活動の絶対値間の統計学的有意差の検定はMann-Whitney U-testにより行った。
水1mL/300g体重を胃内投与した時にはASNAは殆ど変化せず、ASNA値は胃内投与35分後に最低値98.1±2.0%、60分後に最高値105.2±3.1%の値を取り、それ以外の測定期間中は、これらの値の間の値に止まった。これに対して、LNDPを0.1mg/mL含む水溶液を1mL/300g体重胃内投与した時にはASNAは徐々に上昇し、ASNA値は胃内投与50分後に最高値145.9±8.2%となり、それ以降はその付近の値に止まった(図7)。
これら2群の投与直前(0分)のASNAの絶対値の間には有意差は認められなかった。胃内投与後5分~60分までの水投与群のASNAとLNDP投与群のASNAの変化率の間には有意差が認められた(P<0.0005, F=314.8 by ANOVA with repeated measures)。
以上より、LNDPは、経口投与により副腎交感神経の活動を促進することが確認された。よってLNDPは副腎髄質からのアドレナリンおよびノルアドレナリンの血中への放出を促進し、血中のグルコース濃度を高めることにより、運動、活動、興奮を誘導・持続させる能力を有する。
LNDPの白色脂肪組織交感神経遠心枝の活動を高める作用が、実際にこの組織に貯蔵された中性脂肪を分解し血中に遊離脂肪酸として放出されるかどうか、ラット1群各6匹を用いて試験した。
12時間毎の明暗周期(8時~20時まで点灯)下に24℃の恒温動物室にて1週間以上飼育した体重約300gのWistar系雄ラット(約9週齢)を使用し、実験3日前にペントバルビタール・ナトリウム(35mg/kg, ip)とケタミン塩酸塩(75mg/kg, ip)を用いる麻酔下に右頸静脈に採血用のカニューレを挿入しておいた。当日は餌を実験開始直前に取り除き、無麻酔下に静脈カニューレを用いて投与前の採血を行った後、LNDPを0.1mg/mL含む水溶液もしくは水1mL/300g体重を、胃内投与用ゾンデを用いて胃内に投与して、胃内投与後30分、60分、90分および120分後にそれぞれ採血した。採取した血液サンプル0.2mLにEDTA (300nmol/0.01mL EDTA)を混入し、遠心して血漿を採取した。血漿採取後直ちに血漿遊離脂肪酸濃度(Plasma FFA)を酵素法(NEFA C-テストワコーL、和光純薬工業社製)により測定した。データはLNDPもしくは水の胃内投与前のPlasma FFAの絶対値(0分値)を100%とした百分率で表した。なお、データから平均値±標準誤差を計算すると共に、群としての統計学的有意差の検定はANOVA with repeated measuresにより行い、胃内投与開始前(0分)のPlasma FFAの絶対値間の統計学的有意差の検定はMann-Whitney U-testにより行った。結果を図8に示す。
試験例2よりLNDPが下腹神経遠心枝の活動を促進することが、試験例3より骨盤内臓神経遠心枝の活動を抑制することが確認されたので、これらの神経支配を受ける臓器の一つである膀胱への影響を調べた。具体的には、LNDPが、実際に1回当たりの排尿量を増やすことにより1日当たりの排尿回数を減らし、頻尿の改善に寄与するかどうか、ラットを用いた自然排尿試験にて確認した。
軽度な頻尿症状を有する健康な40歳以上、65歳未満の男女14名を被験者として、LNDPの排尿回数への影響を無作為化二重盲検プラセボ対照クロスオーバー比較試験により検討した。試験食として、LNDPを含有する被験食品と、LNDPを含有しないプラセボ食品を用いて試験を行った。具体的には、7名ずつ2群に分けて、一つの群では、被験食品を14日間摂取させた後、ウォッシュアウト期間14日間を経て、プラセボ食品を14日間摂取させた。もう一つの群では、プラセボ食品を14日間摂取させた後、ウォッシュアウト期間14日間を経て、被験食品を14日間摂取させた。試験食には後述する錠剤を用い、試験食の摂取は、夕食後に1回4錠とした。後述するように、被験食品にはLNDPが1錠当たり0.6mg含まれているから、被験食品の摂取1回当たりに含まれるLNDPは2.4mgであり、被験食品を摂取する群の1日当たりのLNDPの摂取量も2.4mgとなる。試験期間中には、被験者に排尿回数や排尿時刻を記録した排尿日誌をつけてもらい、これを用いてLNDPの排尿回数への影響を評価した。
LNDPを1日に複数回摂取したときの排尿回数への影響を検討するため、軽度な頻尿症状を有する健康な40歳以上、65歳未満の男女12名を被験者として、無作為化二重盲検プラセボ対照クロスオーバー比較試験を行った。試験食として、LNDPを含有する被験食品と、LNDPを含有しないプラセボ食品を用いて試験を行った。具体的には、6名ずつ2群に分けて、一つの群では、被験食品を14日間摂取させた後、ウォッシュアウト期間14日間を経て、プラセボ食品を14日間摂取させた。もう一つの群では、プラセボ食品を14日間摂取させた後、ウォッシュアウト期間14日間を経て、被験食品を14日間摂取させた。試験食には試験例7の錠剤を用い、試験食の摂取は、昼食後、夕食後に各々4錠ずつとした。被験食品にはLNDPが1錠当たり0.6mg含まれているから、被験食品の摂取1回当たりに含まれるLNDPは2.4mgであり、被験食品を摂取する群の1日当たりのLNDPの摂取量は4.8mgとなる。試験期間中には、被験者に排尿回数や排尿時刻を記録した排尿日誌をつけてもらい、これを用いてLNDPの排尿回数への影響を評価した。
Claims (23)
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、頻尿改善剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、蓄尿促進剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、抗肥満剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、体脂肪分解促進剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、自律神経活動調節剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、交感神経活動の促進剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、白色脂肪組織交感神経活動の促進剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、白色脂肪組織交感神経遠心枝の活動の促進剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、副腎交感神経活動の促進剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、副腎交感神経遠心枝の活動の促進剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、下腹神経活動の促進剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、下腹神経遠心枝の活動の促進剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、副交感神経活動の抑制剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、骨盤内臓神経活動の抑制剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、骨盤内臓神経遠心枝の活動の抑制剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、食欲抑制剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、下痢止剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、過敏性腸症候群改善剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、グリコーゲン分解促進剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、疲労回復剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、強心剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、気管支拡張剤。
- Asn-Ile-Pro-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Val-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu又はその塩を有効成分として含む、アドレナリン及び/又はノルアドレナリン分泌促進剤。
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EP3871685A1 (en) | 2021-09-01 |
US20210401928A1 (en) | 2021-12-30 |
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EP3871685C0 (en) | 2023-08-30 |
AU2019366076A1 (en) | 2021-06-10 |
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JPWO2020085179A1 (ja) | 2021-09-16 |
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