WO2020004105A1 - 金属粉体とその製造方法、および焼結温度の予測方法 - Google Patents
金属粉体とその製造方法、および焼結温度の予測方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020004105A1 WO2020004105A1 PCT/JP2019/023910 JP2019023910W WO2020004105A1 WO 2020004105 A1 WO2020004105 A1 WO 2020004105A1 JP 2019023910 W JP2019023910 W JP 2019023910W WO 2020004105 A1 WO2020004105 A1 WO 2020004105A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/28—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from gaseous metal compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/15—Nickel or cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- One of the embodiments of the present invention relates to a metal powder and a method for producing the same.
- one of the embodiments of the present invention relates to a method for quality control of a metal powder, a method for estimating characteristics of a metal powder, or a method for estimating a sintering temperature.
- metal powders Aggregates containing fine metal particles (hereinafter referred to as metal powders) are used in various fields, and metal powders of highly conductive metals such as copper, nickel, and silver are used, for example, in multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs).
- MLCCs multilayer ceramic capacitors
- the MLCC has, as a basic structure, a laminate of a ceramic layer containing a dielectric material and an internal electrode containing a metal. This lamination is formed by alternately applying the dispersion containing the dielectric material and the dispersion containing the metal powder and then heating the mixture, and then sintering the dielectric material and the metal powder.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose methods for controlling the sintering characteristics of metal powder during heating.
- One object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a metal powder containing metal particles in which the concentration and distribution of sulfur are controlled, and a method for producing the same.
- One of the embodiments according to the present invention is a metal powder.
- This metal powder contains metal and metal particles containing sulfur.
- the bulk concentration of sulfur in the metal particles is 0.01% by weight or more and 1.0% by weight or less, and the local concentration of sulfur at a position of 4 nm from the surface of the metal particles is 2% by atom or more.
- the bulk concentration and the local concentration are estimated by an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer provided in a scanning transmission electron microscope, respectively.
- One of the embodiments according to the present invention is a method for producing a metal powder.
- the method includes producing a metal chloride gas by chlorination of the metal with chlorine and producing metal particles by reducing the gaseous metal chloride in the presence of a sulfur-containing gas. The reduction is performed so that the bulk concentration of sulfur in the metal particles is 0.01% by weight or more and 1.0% by weight or less, and the local concentration of sulfur at a position of 4 nm from the surface of the metal particles is 2% by atom or more.
- the bulk concentration and the local concentration are estimated by an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer provided in a scanning transmission electron microscope, respectively.
- One of the embodiments according to the present invention is a method for estimating a sintering temperature of a metal powder.
- the method includes measuring a local concentration of sulfur at a position 4 nm from the surface of a metal particle selected from a metal powder.
- the local concentration of sulfur is measured using a scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a reduction furnace of a metal powder production device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the figure which shows the profile of the sulfur concentration of the metal particle contained in the metal powder of an Example and a comparative example.
- the metal powder 100 is an aggregate of a plurality of metal particles 102, and the metal particles 102 contain metal and sulfur.
- the metal is selected from nickel, copper, silver, etc., and is typically nickel.
- the number average particle size of the metal powder 100 may be 50 nm or more and 400 nm or less, 100 nm or more and 300 nm or less, or 100 nm or more and 250 nm or less. In other words, the average value of the particle diameters of a plurality of (for example, 600) metal particles 102 selected from the metal powders 100 can fall within the above range as the number average particle diameter of the metal powders 100.
- the number average particle diameter for example, it is possible to observe the metal particles 102 contained in the metal powder 100 with a scanning electron microscope, measure the particle diameters of a plurality of particles (for example, 600 particles), and adopt the average value. it can.
- the particle diameter is the diameter of the smallest circle that inscribes the particles.
- the metal powder 100 contains sulfur. Specifically, the bulk concentration of sulfur in the metal powder 100 is 0.01% by weight or more and 1.0% by weight or less, or more than 0.01% by weight and 0.6% by weight or less, or 0.15% by weight. % To 0.6% by weight, or 0.16% to 0.6% by weight. In other words, the average value of the bulk concentration of sulfur of the plurality of (for example, 0.5 g) metal particles 102 selected from the metal powders 100 falls within the above-described range.
- the bulk concentration of sulfur is the ratio of the weight of sulfur to the weight of metal particles 102.
- the bulk concentration of sulfur of one metal particle 102 selected from the metal powders 100 or the average of the bulk concentration of sulfur of the plurality of metal particles 102 is calculated as the bulk concentration of the metal powder 100.
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Bulk sulfur concentration can be measured by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy.
- the measurement may be performed using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (SPS3100) manufactured by SII Nano Technology Co., Ltd.
- SPS3100 inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer
- the bulk concentration of sulfur can be obtained by first dissolving the metal powder 100 with an acid and then performing ICP emission spectroscopy at a measuring wavelength of 182.036 nm.
- the metal particles 102 contain sulfur not only in the vicinity of the surface but also in the interior relatively far from the surface toward the inside of the particles. Specifically, although the sulfur concentration decreases as it approaches the inside from the surface of the metal particle 102, the sulfur concentration at a position 4 nm from the surface (hereinafter, the sulfur concentration at a specific position of the metal particle 102 is referred to as a local concentration Is 2 atomic% or more. Note that the concentration of sulfur at a position 4 nm from the surface may be 4 atomic% or less.
- the average value of the local sulfur concentration at the above-described positions of a plurality of (for example, 10) metal particles 102 selected from the metal powder 100 falls within the above-described range.
- a position having a local concentration of half of the local concentration of sulfur on the surface of the metal particle 102 may exist in a range of 2 nm to 4 nm from the surface. That is, the average value of the half-depths of a plurality (for example, 10) of the metal particles 102 selected from the metal powder 100 can fall within the above-described range.
- the above-mentioned local concentration of sulfur can be estimated by, for example, an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (STEM-EDS: Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscope) provided in a scanning transmission electron microscope.
- STEM-EDS Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscope
- a local concentration can be obtained.
- the conditions of an acceleration voltage of 200 kV, a probe diameter of 1 nm, a pitch width of 3 nm, and a measurement time per point of 15 seconds can be selected.
- the metal powder 100 including the metal particles 102 has a high bulk concentration of sulfur and a high sintering start temperature due to the wide distribution of sulfur in the surface layer portion of the metal particles 102.
- the sintering start temperature is shown in the range of not less than ° C.
- the sintering start temperature may be 700 ° C. or lower.
- the local concentration of sulfur in the surface layer of the metal particles is measured, and when the local concentration satisfies the above conditions, the metal powder, which is an aggregate of the metal particles, has a high sintering start temperature It is possible to determine that it has. Therefore, the present embodiment provides an effective method for estimating the properties of the metal powder.
- metal particles arbitrarily selected from metal powders are analyzed by STEM-EDS, and when the condition that the local concentration of sulfur at a position of 4 nm from the surface of the metal particles is 2 atomic% or more is satisfied, the metal It can be estimated that the sintering temperature of the metal powder containing the particles is 600 ° C. or higher.
- the sintering behavior of the metal powder can be estimated by measuring the sulfur concentration of the surface layer without sintering the metal powder, and the quality of the metal powder can be reduced. An effective way to manage is provided.
- the dispersion containing the dielectric contains Ba or Ti-based oxide powder, a polymer material functioning as a binder, a solvent, a dispersant, and the like. , A binder, a solvent, a dispersant, and the like. During firing, these binders, solvents, and dispersants evaporate or decompose and the oxide powder or metal powder sinters to provide a dielectric film and internal electrodes, respectively.
- the sintering start temperature of the dielectric is higher than that of the metal powder, so that the sintering of the metal powder starts first during firing.
- a gap is formed between the dielectric and the internal electrode during firing, and the separation may occur between the internal electrode and the dielectric film due to the gap, which causes a decrease in the characteristics and yield of the MLCC.
- the metal powder 100 according to the present embodiment has a high sintering start temperature, sintering starts at a temperature closer to the sintering start temperature of the oxide powder or the like. As a result, high adhesion between the internal electrode and the dielectric can be ensured during firing, and peeling can be suppressed. Therefore, the metal powder 100 can be used as a raw material for providing various electronic components having excellent characteristics.
- the sintering behavior of the metal powder can be estimated without sintering. Therefore, the quality for producing a metal powder having high reliability as a material for an electrode of the MLCC can be estimated. It is possible to provide a management method.
- the metal powder 100 is manufactured using a gas phase method. That is, it is produced by reducing in the presence of a sulfur-containing gas the vapor of a metal chloride (hereinafter also simply referred to as chloride) obtained by salinating a metal or the vapor obtained by heating a metal chloride.
- a sulfur-containing gas the vapor of a metal chloride (hereinafter also simply referred to as chloride) obtained by salinating a metal or the vapor obtained by heating a metal chloride.
- chloride vapor of high purity can be obtained and the supply amount of chloride vapor can be stabilized, it is more preferable to generate chloride vapor by chlorination of metal.
- a known apparatus for chlorinating metals (chlorination furnace) may be used, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a reducing device 110 which is a device for reducing chloride.
- the reduction device 110 has a function of reducing the chloride to generate the metal powder 100 and simultaneously introducing sulfur to the metal particles 102.
- the reduction device 110 includes a reduction furnace 112 and a heater 114 for heating the reduction furnace 112 as a basic configuration.
- a first transport pipe 116 is connected to the reduction furnace 112, through which a metal chloride gas is introduced into the reduction furnace 112.
- the reduction furnace 112 is further provided with a first gas introduction pipe 118 for supplying a reducing gas such as hydrogen, hydrazine, ammonia, and methane.
- a reducing gas supply source (not shown) is connected to the first gas introduction pipe 118.
- a valve 120 is attached to the first gas introduction pipe 118, whereby the supply amount of the reducing gas is controlled.
- the first transport pipe 116 is provided with a second gas introduction pipe 122 for supplying a sulfur-containing gas.
- a sulfur-containing gas supply source (not shown) is connected to the second gas introduction pipe 122 via a valve 124, and the supply amount is adjusted by the valve 124.
- the reducing gas can be brought into contact with the mixed gas of the chloride gas and the sulfur-containing gas.
- the first gas introduction pipe 118 and the second gas introduction pipe 122 may be further connected to an inert gas supply source, thereby mixing an inert gas as a carrier gas to reduce the reducing gas or the sulfur-containing gas.
- a mixed gas of a chloride gas and a sulfur-containing gas is supplied to the reduction furnace 112.
- the second gas introduction pipe 122 is connected to the reduction furnace 112 without being connected to the first transport pipe 116, and the chloride gas and the sulfur-containing gas are separately supplied to the reduction furnace 112. Good.
- Chloride is reduced by the reducing gas in the reducing furnace 112 heated by the heater 114, thereby generating the metal particles 102 and introducing sulfur derived from the sulfur-containing gas into the metal particles 102.
- the reduction furnace 112 is further provided with a third gas introduction pipe 126 for supplying a cooling gas to the reduction furnace 112.
- the third gas introduction pipe 126 is preferably installed at a position away from the first transport pipe 116.
- the cooling gas an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon can be used, and a supply source (not shown) of these gases is connected to the third gas introduction pipe 126.
- the flow rate of the cooling gas is controlled by a valve 128.
- the reduction furnace 112 When performing the reduction, the reduction furnace 112 is heated by the heater 114, and the metal chloride gas and the sulfur-containing gas are introduced into the reduction furnace 112 via the first transport pipe 116 and the second gas introduction pipe 122. At the same time, the reducing gas is supplied into the reduction furnace 112 through the first gas introduction pipe 118.
- the heating temperature of the reduction furnace 112 is preferably lower than the melting point of the metal, and is selected, for example, from the range of 800 ° C. to 1100 ° C. Thereby, the metal generated in the reduction furnace 112 can be taken out as the solid metal particles 102.
- the amount of the reducing gas supplied to the reduction furnace 112 is adjusted using the valve 120 such that the amount thereof is stoichiometrically equivalent to the supplied metal chloride or a small excess.
- the sulfur-containing gas is a gas containing a component selected from hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, or sulfur halide.
- the halogenated sulfur S n Cl 2 (n is an integer of 2 or more), SF 6, SF 5 Cl , etc. SF 5 Br and the like. Of these, sulfur dioxide, which is easy to handle, is preferred.
- the valve 124 is operated such that the flow rate of the sulfur-containing gas is 0.01% by weight or more and 1.0% by weight or less with respect to the metal powder generated from chlorides per unit time supplied to the reduction furnace 112. Adjusted using.
- the bulk concentration and the local concentration of sulfur can be controlled within the range described in the first embodiment, and the sulfur concentration is high not only in the vicinity of the surface but also in the interior away from the surface.
- the metal powder 100 containing the metal particles 102 can be manufactured.
- Example 1 In this example, an example in which the metal powder 100 is manufactured by applying the manufacturing method described in the second embodiment will be described.
- the chlorine gas reacts with the nickel in the chlorine furnace to generate nickel chloride gas, and the reduction furnace 112 is heated to 1100 ° C., and the nickel gas and the sulfur-containing gas are supplied from the first transport pipe 116 connected to the chlorine furnace.
- a mixed gas of a sulfur dioxide gas and a nitrogen gas was introduced into the reduction furnace 112 at a flow rate of 2.8 m / sec (converted to 1100 ° C.).
- hydrogen was introduced from the first gas introduction pipe 118 into the reduction furnace 112 at a flow rate of 2.2 m / sec (converted to 1100 ° C.). Nitrogen was used as the cooling gas and supplied from the third gas introduction pipe 126.
- the obtained nickel powder (number average particle diameter 190 nm) was purified using a generator (not shown) or the like.
- the bulk concentration of sulfur in the obtained nickel powder was 0.15% by weight.
- Comparative Example 1 As Comparative Example 1 with respect to Example 1, a nickel powder produced by performing a sulfur treatment on a nickel powder obtained by reducing nickel chloride in the absence of a sulfur-containing gas was used. It was measured. The nickel powder of Comparative Example 1 was produced by producing a nickel powder without introducing the sulfur-containing gas into the reduction furnace 112 in the above example, and then performing the following post-treatment.
- the slurry obtained in the process of purifying the nickel powder (number average particle diameter 190 nm) produced in the absence of the sulfur-containing gas has a sulfur content of 0.15% by weight based on the nickel powder.
- a thiourea aqueous solution was added to the mixture, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes.
- the nickel powder of Comparative Example 1 was obtained by drying the slurry with a flash dryer.
- Example 1 As shown in Table 1 and FIG. 2, in the nickel powder of Comparative Example 1, although the local concentration of sulfur at the surface was higher than that of Example 1, as the depth from the surface increased, that is, It was found that it decreased rapidly as approaching the inside. On the other hand, in the nickel powder of Example 1, although the local concentration of sulfur on the surface was low, the reduction rate in the depth direction was small, and it was confirmed that sulfur was distributed inside the nickel powder. In Example 1, the half-depth was 3.2 nm.
- Example 2 In Example 2, the effect of the bulk sulfur concentration on the sintering start temperature was examined. Applying the same method as in Example 1, changing the flow rate of the sulfur-containing gas from 1.7 m / sec to 2.2 m / sec (converted to 1100 ° C.) to produce nickel powders having various sulfur bulk concentrations. did. Similarly, using the same method as in Comparative Example 1 described in Example 1, the concentration and addition amount of the thiourea aqueous solution were changed, and nickel powders having various sulfur bulk concentrations were produced as Comparative Example 2. The measurement of the sulfur bulk concentration was performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the sintering start temperature was measured by a scanning electron microscope (SU-5000 manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation) equipped with a heating stage (Murano 525 heating stage manufactured by Gatan). To exemplify a specific method, first, the metal powder 100 was formed into a pellet of ⁇ 5 mm ⁇ 1 mm, adhered to a heating stage, and introduced into a scanning electron microscope. Observation was performed with a scanning electron microscope while the temperature of the heating stage was gradually increased from room temperature to 800 ° C. The metal particles 102 start sintering as the temperature rises, and the temperature at which more than half of the nickel powder in the field of view sinters is defined as the sintering start temperature. The results are shown in FIG.
- Comparative Example 2 it can be seen that the sintering start temperature increases as the sulfur bulk concentration increases.
- the sulfur does not distribute at a high concentration to the inside of the metal particles, there is an upper limit on the bulk concentration of sulfur.
- the bulk concentration of sulfur is at most about 0.2% by weight, and the sintering onset temperature is only around 500-600 ° C.
- the nickel powder of Example 2 has a higher sintering start temperature than Comparative Example 2. Further, in Example 2, since sulfur is distributed to the inside of the nickel particles, a higher sulfur bulk concentration can be realized as compared with the nickel powder of Comparative Example 2. For example, in the second embodiment, a metal powder having a sulfur bulk concentration of more than 0.2% by weight and further having a sulfur bulk concentration of 0.3% by weight or more is obtained. Due to this, the sintering start temperature of the nickel powder of Example 2 can exceed 600 ° C., and reaches about 700 ° C. Further, it was found that when the bulk concentration of sulfur was the same, a nickel powder having a higher sintering start temperature could be produced by applying the production method of the present embodiment.
- Example 2 when the bulk concentration of sulfur is 0.15% by weight or more, a sintering start temperature of 600 ° C or more, and even more than 600 ° C, can be realized with a high probability. For this reason, by setting the bulk concentration of sulfur in the metal powder 100 to 0.15% by weight or more, even if the bulk concentration of sulfur changes significantly, the sintering start temperature is not affected, and the sintering start temperature is not affected. Can be effectively suppressed. In other words, according to the manufacturing method of the present embodiment, it is possible to provide a metal powder having a small variation in the sintering start temperature.
- 100 Metal powder
- 102 Metal particles
- 110 Reduction device
- 112 Reduction furnace
- 114 Heater
- 116 First transport pipe
- 118 First gas introduction pipe
- 120 Valve
- 122 Second Gas introduction pipe
- 124 valve
- 126 third gas introduction pipe
- 128 valve
- 130 second transport pipe
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態では、本発明に係る実施形態の一つである金属粉体100の構造と特性を説明する。
金属粉体100は複数の金属粒子102の集合体であり、金属粒子102は金属と硫黄を含む。金属はニッケル、銅、銀などから選択され、典型的にはニッケルである。金属粉体100の個数平均粒径は50nm以上400nm以下、100nm以上300nm以下、あるいは100nm以上250nm以下であってよい。換言すると、金属粉体100から選択される複数(例えば600個)の金属粒子102の粒径の平均値は金属粉体100の個数平均粒子径として上記範囲に収まりうる。上記個数平均粒子径としては、例えば走査電子顕微鏡により金属粉体100に含まれる金属粒子102を観察し、複数の粒子(例えば600個)の粒径を測定し、その平均値を採用することができる。粒子径は粒子を内接する最小円の直径である。
金属粒子102を含む金属粉体100は、高い硫黄のバルク濃度を有すること、および金属粒子102の表層部における硫黄の広い分布に起因して高い焼結開始温度を有しており、例えば600℃以上の範囲に焼結開始温度を示す。なお、焼結開始温度は700℃以下であってもよい。以上の特性に基づき、金属粒子の表層部の硫黄の局所濃度を測定し、局所濃度が上述した条件を満たす場合には、その金属粒子の集合体である金属粉体が高い焼結開始温度を有すると判断することが可能である。したがって、本実施形態により、金属粉体の特性を予想するための有効な方法が提供される。
本実施形態では、金属粉体100の製造方法の一例を説明する。
本実施例では、第2実施形態で述べた製造方法を適用して金属粉体100を製造した例を示す。
本実施例2では、硫黄のバルク濃度が焼結開始温度に与える影響について検討を行った。実施例1と同様の方法を適用し、硫黄含有ガスの流量を1.7m/秒から2.2m/秒(1100℃換算)まで変化させ、種々の硫黄のバルク濃度を有するニッケル粉体を作製した。同様に、実施例1で述べた比較例1と同様の方法を用い、チオ尿素水溶液の濃度や添加量を変化させ、種々の硫黄のバルク濃度を有するニッケル粉体を比較例2として作製した。硫黄のバルク濃度の測定は、実施例1と同様の方法で行った。
Claims (9)
- 金属、およびバルク濃度が0.01重量%以上1.0重量%以下の硫黄を含有する金属粒子を含み、
前記金属粒子の表面から4nmの位置における硫黄の局所濃度が2原子%以上であり、
前記バルク濃度と前記局所濃度はそれぞれ、誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析装置、および走査透過型電子顕微鏡に備えられるエネルギー分散型X線分光分析器によって見積もられる金属粉体。 - 個数平均粒子径が50nm以上400nm以下である、請求項1に記載の金属粉体。
- 前記金属粉体の焼結開始温度が600℃以上である、請求項1に記載の金属粉体。
- 前記金属はニッケル、銅、あるいは銀である、請求項1に記載の金属粉体。
- 塩素による金属の塩素化によって金属塩化物のガスを生成すること、および
硫黄を含むガスの存在下、ガスである前記金属塩化物を還元することによって金属粒子を生成することを含み、
前記還元は、前記金属粒子の硫黄のバルク濃度が0.01重量%以上1.0重量%以下、前記金属粒子の表面から4nmの位置における硫黄の局所濃度が2原子%以上となるように行われ、
前記バルク濃度と前記局所濃度はそれぞれ、誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析装置、および走査透過型電子顕微鏡に備えられるエネルギー分散型X線分光分析器によって見積もられる、金属粉体を製造する方法。 - 前記還元は、前記金属塩化物を単離することなく行われる、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記硫黄を含むガスは二酸化硫黄を含むガスである、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 金属粉体から選択される金属粒子の表面から4nmの位置における硫黄の局所濃度を測定することを含み、
前記硫黄の局所濃度は、エネルギー分散型X線分光分析器が備えられた走査透過型電子顕微鏡を用いて測定される、金属粉体の焼結温度の予測方法。 - 前記金属粉体の硫黄のバルク濃度を測定することをさらに含み、
前記硫黄のバルク濃度は、前記エネルギー分散型X線分光分析器が備えられた前記走査透過型電子顕微鏡を用いて測定される、請求項8に記載の予測方法。
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JP2020527409A JP7193534B2 (ja) | 2018-06-28 | 2019-06-17 | ニッケル粉体とその製造方法 |
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JP5067312B2 (ja) * | 2008-08-18 | 2012-11-07 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | ニッケル粉末とその製造方法 |
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WO2011037150A1 (ja) * | 2009-09-24 | 2011-03-31 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | ニッケル微粉及びその製造方法 |
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TWI720523B (zh) | 2021-03-01 |
TW202000344A (zh) | 2020-01-01 |
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