WO2019230075A1 - 非水電解質二次電池用樹脂組成物、ならびにこれを用いた非水電解質二次電池用セパレータ、電極合剤層用樹脂組成物、非水電解質二次電池用電極、および非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用樹脂組成物、ならびにこれを用いた非水電解質二次電池用セパレータ、電極合剤層用樹脂組成物、非水電解質二次電池用電極、および非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019230075A1 WO2019230075A1 PCT/JP2019/006559 JP2019006559W WO2019230075A1 WO 2019230075 A1 WO2019230075 A1 WO 2019230075A1 JP 2019006559 W JP2019006559 W JP 2019006559W WO 2019230075 A1 WO2019230075 A1 WO 2019230075A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- vinylidene fluoride
- secondary battery
- resin composition
- fluoride copolymer
- electrolyte secondary
- Prior art date
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- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
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- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PVGBHEUCHKGFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;n-[5-amino-2-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonylphenyl]sulfonylacetamide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 PVGBHEUCHKGFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002203 sulfidic glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ADXGNEYLLLSOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tasosartan Chemical compound C12=NC(C)=NC(C)=C2CCC(=O)N1CC(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C=1N=NNN=1 ADXGNEYLLLSOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004992 toluidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F214/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F214/22—Vinylidene fluoride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F214/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F214/28—Hexyfluoropropene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/02—Halogenated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/16—Homopolymers or copolymers or vinylidene fluoride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of hexafluoropropene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09D127/12—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C09D127/16—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene fluoride
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/426—Fluorocarbon polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/443—Particulate material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- An electrode for a general non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a current collector and an electrode mixture layer disposed on the current collector.
- the electrode mixture layer usually includes an electrode active material and a binder for bonding the electrode active material to a current collector.
- a vinylidene fluoride homopolymer polyvinylidene fluoride
- a vinylidene fluoride copolymer obtained by copolymerizing vinylidene fluoride and another monomer has been applied to such a binder.
- these are applied also to the resin layer etc. which comprise the separator of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- Increasing the mass fraction of the structural units derived from the fluorinated alkyl vinyl compound in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer increases the adhesive strength of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer to the current collector, separator film, active material, and the like.
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer easily swells or dissolves in the electrolyte solution of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the amount of the structural unit derived from the fluorinated alkyl vinyl compound is increased, the solubility in N-methylpyrrolidone is lowered, and the film forming property is lowered.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a vinylidene fluoride copolymer that has high adhesion strength to the constituent material of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, little swelling due to the electrolyte, and high solubility in N-methylpyrrolidone. It can be set as the resin composition for secondary batteries.
- the inventors of the present invention have a melting point within a predetermined range and a mass fraction W a of structural units derived from the fluorinated alkyl vinyl compound in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer, and a vinylidene fluoride copolymer. It has been found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by a vinylidene fluoride copolymer satisfying a specific relationship between the crystallinity D C and the non-crystallinity D A of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer.
- the present inventors have found that a vinylidene fluoride copolymer having high adhesion strength to the constituent material of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, little swelling by the electrolyte, and high solubility in N-methylpyrrolidone can be obtained.
- the above-mentioned W a , D C , and D A satisfy 4.7 ⁇ W a ⁇ (D C / D A ) ⁇ 14, so that the amount of the structural unit derived from the fluorinated alkyl vinyl compound and The balance with the crystallinity of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is improved.
- W a structural unit derived from a fluorine-containing alkyl vinyl compound with dissolution in swelling and the electrolytic solution is suppressed by the electrolyte solution, the solubility is enhanced for N- methylpyrrolidone .
- the melting point of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is set to 105 ° C. or more and 125 ° C. or less, the swelling property of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer due to the electrolytic solution is suppressed and the solubility in N-methylpyrrolidone is reduced. improves. Further, when the melting point of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is within the above range, there is an advantage that a uniform film can be easily formed when the film is formed using the resin composition for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- Resin composition for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprises at least the above-mentioned vinylidene fluoride copolymer. As long as it is contained, it may be composed only of vinylidene fluoride copolymer, and water-soluble polymer, filler, solvent (dispersion medium), various additives, as long as the object and effect of the present invention are not impaired. Etc. may be included.
- the resin composition for a secondary battery may be in a powder form, in a liquid form (for example, colloidal form), or in a lump (for example, crumb form).
- the amount of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer contained in the secondary battery resin composition is appropriately selected according to the use of the secondary battery resin composition.
- the total solid content of the secondary battery resin composition It can be 10 mass% or more with respect to this.
- the strength of the layer obtained from the secondary battery resin composition is likely to be sufficiently high. Adhesive strength to the constituent material of the electrolyte secondary battery tends to be sufficient.
- the component obtained by removing the solvent or the dispersion medium from the secondary battery resin composition is referred to as “solid content of the secondary battery resin composition”.
- Vinylidene fluoride copolymer (1) Structure of vinylidene fluoride copolymer
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer includes a structural unit derived from vinylidene fluoride and a structural unit derived from a fluorinated alkyl vinyl compound.
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer may be a block copolymer, but is usually a random copolymer.
- the mass fraction W v of the structural unit derived from vinylidene fluoride in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is preferably 70% by mass or more and 85% by mass or less, and more preferably 70% by mass or more and 82% by mass or less. Preferably, it is 71 mass% or more and 80 mass% or less.
- the melting point of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is likely fall in the range described above.
- the mass fraction W a structural unit derived from relatively fluoroalkyl vinyl compound is sufficiently large, vinylidene fluoride co
- the adhesion of the polymer to various constituent materials (for example, a current collector, a separator film, and an active material) of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is likely to increase.
- the mass fraction W v of the structural unit derived from the vinylidene fluoride can be specified by analyzing the vinylidene fluoride copolymer by 19 F-NMR.
- the mass fraction W a of the structural unit derived from the fluorinated alkyl vinyl compound in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is preferably 15% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, and 18% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less. More preferably, it is more preferably 20% by mass or more and 29% by mass or less.
- the mass fraction W a structural unit derived from a fluorine-containing alkyl vinyl compound is 15 mass% or more, the adhesion tends increased for various construction material of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer.
- the mass fraction W a of the structural unit derived from the fluorine-containing alkyl vinyl compound is 30% by mass or less, the value represented by the above W a ⁇ (D C / D A ) falls within a desired range. It becomes easy.
- the mass fraction W a of the structural unit derived from the fluorinated alkyl vinyl compound can also be specified by analyzing the vinylidene fluoride copolymer by 19 F-NMR.
- fluorinated alkyl vinyl compound is a fluorine-containing alkyl group represented by C n H (2n + 1-y) F y (n is an integer of 0 or more, y is 1 or more and (2n + 1) represents an integer of 2 or less) is a compound (excluding vinylidene fluoride) bonded to at least one vinyl group.
- fluorine-containing alkyl vinyl compound examples include vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, and hexafluoropropylene.
- vinyl fluoride trifluoroethylene
- tetrafluoroethylene examples include hexafluoropropylene
- chlorotrifluoroethylene examples include hexafluoropropylene
- hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, and chlorotrifluoroethylene are preferable, and hexafluoropropylene is particularly preferable.
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer may contain only one type of structural unit derived from a fluorinated alkyl vinyl compound, or two or more types of structural units.
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer includes a structural unit derived from a compound other than vinylidene fluoride and a fluorine-containing alkyl vinyl compound (hereinafter also referred to as “other structural unit”) as long as the object and effect of the present invention are not impaired. You may go out.
- Examples of other structural units include structural units derived from a crosslinkable alkyl vinyl compound having a vinyl group and a crosslinkable group.
- the crosslinkable alkyl vinyl compound preferably contains a fluorine atom.
- Examples of the crosslinkable alkyl vinyl compound include perfluorodivinyl ether and perfluoroalkylene divinyl ether. In the example of perfluoroalkylene divinyl ether, two vinyl ether groups in which all hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine atoms are linear or branched divalent perfluoroalkylene having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Compounds having a structure linked by a group are included.
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer contains a structural unit derived from a crosslinkable alkyl vinyl compound, the adhesion of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer to various constituent materials of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is increased, or the vinylidene fluoride copolymer The coalescence may be difficult to swell by the electrolytic solution.
- the mass fraction of the structural unit derived from the crosslinkable alkylvinyl compound in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is preferably less than 5 mass%, more preferably 0.1 mass% or more and 4 mass% or less. Preferably, the content is 0.3% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less.
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is an unsaturated dibasic acid or an unsaturated dibasic acid.
- a structural unit derived from a saturated dibasic acid monoester may be included.
- An unsaturated dibasic acid is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof.
- two carboxyl groups are bonded with a linear or branched unsaturated alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Compounds are included.
- the unsaturated dibasic acid include maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid and the like.
- the unsaturated dibasic acid monoester is a monoester compound derived from the unsaturated dibasic acid.
- examples of the unsaturated dibasic acid monoester include maleic acid monomethyl ester, maleic acid monoethyl ester, citraconic acid monomethyl ester, and citraconic acid monoethyl ester.
- polar group-containing compound a structural unit derived from a compound containing a polar group
- examples of such polar group-containing compounds include (meth) acrylic acid, 2-carboxyethyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acryloyloxyethyl succinic acid, (meth) acryloyloxypropyl succinic acid, and glycidyl (meth) acrylate. Etc. are included.
- the mass fraction of the structural unit derived from the unsaturated dibasic acid, unsaturated dibasic acid monoester or polar group-containing compound in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is within a range that does not impair the purpose and effect of the present invention. It can be set arbitrarily. These introduction amounts can be specified by subjecting the vinylidene fluoride copolymer to FT-IR analysis.
- the melting point of the above-mentioned vinylidene fluoride copolymer is 105 to 125 ° C, preferably 106 to 123 ° C, more preferably 107 to 120 ° C. preferable.
- the melting point of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is within the above range, the swelling property of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer with respect to the electrolytic solution is lowered or the solubility with respect to N-methylpyrrolidone is increased.
- the melting point of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is higher than 125 ° C.
- the film formability may be deteriorated, for example, when a film is formed using the resin composition for a secondary battery, a uniform film may not be formed.
- the melting point is a value measured according to ASTM D3418.
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer a mass fraction W a structural unit derived from a fluorine-containing alkyl vinyl compound of vinylidene fluoride copolymer, a crystallinity D C of vinylidene fluoride copolymer, fluorinated and amorphization degree D a of fluoride copolymer, but it satisfies the following formula (1).
- W a ⁇ (D C / D A) ⁇ 14 The value represented by W a ⁇ (D C / D A ) is preferably 4.8 or more and 12.5 or less, and more preferably 4.9 or more and 11 or less.
- Amorphization degree D A of crystallinity D C and vinylidene fluoride copolymer of vinylidene fluoride copolymer may be specified as follows. Crystallinity D C of vinylidene fluoride copolymer is determined from the following equation. As the melting enthalpy of the complete polyvinylidene fluoride crystal, literature values can be used. For example, it can be 104.5 J / g described in M Neidhofer: Polymer volume 45, Issue 5, 2004, 1679-1688. .
- the true melting enthalpy of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is obtained by using a temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimeter (for example, Q-100, manufactured by TA Instruments) for the vinylidene fluoride copolymer. Can be calculated by measuring.
- a temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimeter for example, Q-100, manufactured by TA Instruments
- amorphization degree D A vinylidene fluoride copolymer can be calculated by the following equation.
- Amorphous degree D A [%] 100 [%] ⁇ Crystallinity degree D C [%]
- the shape of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer in the resin composition for a secondary battery is not particularly limited, and may be dissolved in, for example, a solvent. It may be contained in a state (primary particles or secondary particles). Moreover, when the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is in a solid state (for example, in the form of particles) in the resin composition for secondary batteries, the average particle size is determined depending on the use of the resin composition for secondary batteries, vinylidene fluoride, etc. It can be appropriately selected depending on the state of the copolymer contained in the resin composition for a secondary battery.
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is often mainly primary particles.
- the average particle size (average primary particle size) is preferably 10 nm to 700 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 nm to 600 nm, and further preferably 30 nm to 500 nm.
- the average primary particle size is calculated by regularization analysis of the dynamic light scattering method. Specifically, it is measured according to JIS Z8828. Moreover, let a big peak be an average primary particle diameter among two big and small peaks obtained by regularization analysis.
- the pressure in the autoclave during the polymerization is preferably maintained at substantially the same pressure for a certain period of time from the start of polymerization, and in particular, the polymerization rate becomes 90% or more from the start of polymerization (polymerization rate 0%). Until the same pressure is maintained.
- a method for maintaining the pressure at the start of polymerization include a method in which a monomer is added immediately after the initiator is added.
- the monomer to add is mainly vinylidene fluoride, and it is preferable that it is substantially only a vinylidene fluoride copolymer.
- the liquid medium used for emulsion polymerization is not particularly limited as long as the monomer is a liquid that is hardly soluble. Vinylidene fluoride and the like are hardly soluble in water. Then, water is mentioned as an example of a liquid medium.
- the emulsifier is not particularly limited as long as it can form micelles by monomers in a liquid medium and can stably disperse the copolymer to be synthesized in the liquid medium.
- a known surfactant can be used.
- any of a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, and an amphoteric surfactant may be used, and these may be used in combination.
- examples of emulsifiers include perfluorinated surfactants, partially fluorinated surfactants and non-fluorinated surfactants conventionally used for the polymerization of polyvinylidene fluoride.
- perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid and its salt perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acid and its salt, and fluorine-based surface activity having a fluorocarbon chain or a fluoropolyether chain are preferred, and perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acid and The salt is more preferred.
- perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acid and The salt is more preferred.
- an emulsifier it can be used individually by 1 type selected from the above or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the amount of the emulsifier added is preferably 0.0001 to 22 parts by mass when the total amount of all monomers used for the polymerization is 100 parts by mass.
- the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that can be dissolved in a liquid medium and can polymerize a monomer.
- the polymerization initiator include known water-soluble peroxides, water-soluble azo compounds, redox initiators, and the like.
- water-soluble peroxides include ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate.
- water-soluble azo compounds include 2,2'-azobis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) and 2,2'-azobis-2-methylbutyronitrile (AMBN).
- redox initiators include ascorbic acid-hydrogen peroxide. Among these, a water-soluble peroxide is preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity and the like.
- These polymerization initiators can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the addition amount of the polymerization initiator is preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by mass when the total amount of all monomers used for the polymerization is 100 parts by mass.
- the emulsion polymerization method may be a soap-free emulsion polymerization method, a mini-emulsion polymerization method, or a seed emulsion polymerization.
- the soap-free emulsion polymerization method is an emulsion polymerization that is performed without using an ordinary emulsifier such as that used in the above emulsion polymerization.
- a vinylidene fluoride copolymer obtained by soap-free emulsion polymerization is preferred because no emulsifier remains in the polymer particles.
- a reactive emulsifier having a polymerizable double bond in the molecule can also be used as the emulsifier.
- the reactive emulsifier forms micelles in the system at the beginning of the polymerization, but is used and consumed as a monomer in the polymerization reaction as the polymerization proceeds. Therefore, the reaction system finally obtained hardly exists in a free state. Therefore, there is an advantage that the reactive emulsifier is difficult to bleed out to the particle surface of the obtained vinylidene fluoride copolymer.
- Examples of the reactive emulsifier include polyoxyalkylene alkenyl ether, sodium alkylallylsulfosuccinate, sodium methacryloyloxypolyoxypropylene sulfate, alkoxy polyethylene glycol methacrylate and the like.
- the mini-emulsion polymerization method a strong shearing force is applied using an ultrasonic oscillator or the like, and the monomer oil droplets are refined to a submicron size for polymerization.
- a known hydrophobe is added to the mixed solution.
- a polymerization reaction occurs only in each monomer oil droplet, and each oil droplet becomes a vinylidene fluoride copolymer (fine particles). Therefore, it is easy to control the particle size and particle size distribution of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer obtained.
- the seed emulsion polymerization is a polymerization in which fine particles obtained by the above polymerization method are coated with a polymer composed of another monomer.
- a monomer, a liquid medium, a surfactant, a polymerization initiator, and the like are further added to the fine particle dispersion to polymerize.
- a chain transfer agent may be used in order to adjust the degree of polymerization of the obtained vinylidene fluoride copolymer particles.
- the chain transfer agent include ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, diethyl carbonate, acetone, ethanol, n-propanol, acetaldehyde, propyl aldehyde, ethyl propionate, carbon tetrachloride and the like.
- pH adjuster examples include electrolyte substances having a buffer capacity such as sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ammonia. And basic substances such as
- optional components such as an anti-settling agent, a dispersion stabilizer, a corrosion inhibitor, an antifungal agent, and a wetting agent may be used as necessary.
- the addition amount of these optional components is preferably 5 ppm to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 10 ppm to 7 parts by mass, when the total amount of all monomers used in the polymerization is 100 parts by mass.
- the polymerization temperature may be appropriately selected depending on the kind of the polymerization initiator and the like, and is, for example, 0 to 120 ° C., preferably 20 to 110 ° C., more preferably 40 to 100 ° C. Should be set.
- the polymerization time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 24 hours in consideration of productivity and the like.
- a latex in which the vinylidene fluoride copolymer particles are dispersed substantially uniformly in water is obtained.
- the latex containing the vinylidene fluoride copolymer thus obtained may be used as it is.
- the latex may be powdered by at least one method selected from salting out, freeze pulverization, spray drying, freeze drying and the like.
- the powdered vinylidene fluoride copolymer may be used by being physically or chemically redispersed in a dispersion medium.
- water, a surfactant, a pH adjuster, an antisettling agent, a dispersion stabilizer, a corrosion inhibitor, an antifungal agent, a wetting agent, etc. in a dispersion (latex) containing untreated vinylidene fluoride copolymer particles May be further added, or impurities may be removed by a dialysis membrane or an ion exchange resin.
- the resin composition for secondary batteries may contain components (other components) other than the vinylidene fluoride copolymer. Examples thereof include water-soluble polymers, fillers, and solvents (dispersion media). And various additives.
- the viscosity of the resin composition for secondary batteries is adjusted, or the dispersibility of the solid content of the resin composition for secondary batteries is improved.
- water-soluble polymers include cellulose compounds such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose; ammonium salts or alkali metal salts of the above cellulose compounds; poly (meth) acrylic acid, Polycarboxylic acids such as modified poly (meth) acrylic acid; alkali metal salts of polycarboxylic acids; polyvinyl alcohol (co) polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers; (meth) acrylic Water-soluble polymers such as saponification products of copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acid, maleic acid and fumaric acid with polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl buty
- the amount of the water-soluble polymer is not particularly limited, but in one example, it can be 0.01 to 20% by mass with respect to the total amount of the solid content of the secondary battery resin composition.
- the heat resistance and ion permeability of the layer obtained from the resin composition for secondary batteries can be improved.
- the filler may be an inorganic filler or an organic filler, but an inorganic filler is preferable from the viewpoint of the heat resistance of the layer obtained from the resin composition for a secondary battery.
- inorganic fillers examples include silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), calcium oxide (CaO), strontium oxide (SrO), barium oxide (BaO), magnesium oxide ( MgO), zinc oxide (ZnO), oxides such as barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ); magnesium hydroxide (Mg (OH) 2 ), calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2 ), zinc hydroxide (Zn (OH 2 ) Hydroxides such as aluminum hydroxide (Al (OH) 3 ), aluminum hydroxide oxide (AlO (OH)); carbonates such as calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ); sulfates such as barium sulfate; nitrides Clay minerals; and boehmite.
- the resin composition for secondary batteries may contain only 1 type of filler, and may contain 2 or more types.
- the filler preferably contains alumina, silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, zinc oxide and boehmite.
- the average particle diameter of the filler is preferably 5 nm to 2 ⁇ m, and more preferably 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter is measured according to JIS Z8828.
- the amount of the filler is preferably 10 to 900% by mass with respect to the total amount of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer in the resin composition for a secondary battery.
- the resin composition for a secondary battery may contain a dispersion medium for dispersing a vinylidene fluoride copolymer and the like.
- the dispersion medium is preferably water, but a non-aqueous solvent that does not dissolve the vinylidene fluoride resin and can be dispersed, suspended, or emulsified can also be preferably used.
- non-aqueous solvents examples include amide compounds such as dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide; hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, n-dodecane and tetralin; methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol Alcohols such as 1-nonanol and lauryl alcohol; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, phorone, acetophenone and isophorone; esters such as benzyl acetate, isopentyl butyrate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate and butyl lactate; o-toluidine, m- Examples include amine compounds such as toluidine and p-toluidine; lactones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and ⁇ -butyrolactone; sulfoxide and sulfone compounds such as di
- the resin composition for a secondary battery may contain a solvent for dissolving the vinylidene fluoride copolymer.
- the solvent is, for example, N-methylpyrrolidone, but any solvent that dissolves at least a part of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer resin and can be dispersed, suspended, or emulsified without dissolving the filler.
- these solvents may be composed of only one kind, or may be a mixed solvent in which two or more kinds of solvents are mixed.
- the amount of the dispersion medium or solvent in the secondary battery resin composition is preferably 60 to 3500 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer.
- the amount of the solvent (dispersion medium) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 to 99% by mass and more preferably 35 to 98 parts by mass with respect to the total amount of the resin composition for secondary batteries. .
- Examples of various additives include dispersion stabilizers, pH adjusters, thickeners, antisettling agents, corrosion inhibitors, antifungal agents, wetting agents, and the like. As these various additives, known compounds can be used.
- Examples of the dispersion stabilizer include the above-described surfactant (emulsifier used in preparing the above-mentioned vinylidene fluoride copolymer) and the like.
- Examples of pH adjusters include electrolyte substances having buffering capacity such as Na 2 HPO 4 , NaH 2 PO 4 , and KH 2 PO 4 , sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ammonia Basic substances such as are included. These amounts are appropriately selected within a range that does not impair the object and effect of the present invention.
- the above-described resin composition for a secondary battery includes the above-mentioned vinylidene fluoride copolymer, and other components as necessary. Can be prepared by mixing. These mixing methods are not particularly limited, and can be mixed by a known method.
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer particles obtained by the above emulsion polymerization are pulverized and then mixed with other components as necessary, and then physically or chemically redispersed in a separate dispersion medium. It is good also as a resin composition for secondary batteries.
- the pulverization method include, but are not limited to, salting out, freeze pulverization, spray drying, freeze drying, and the like.
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer when the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is dissolved in the solvent, the vinylidene fluoride copolymer particles obtained by the emulsion polymerization are powdered and then dissolved in the solvent. It is good also as a resin composition for secondary batteries.
- the pulverization method may be the same as described above, but is not limited thereto.
- the powdered vinylidene fluoride copolymer particles obtained by emulsion polymerization may be used directly as a secondary battery resin composition. Depending on the case, it may be mixed with other components and the like, and this may be used as a resin composition for a secondary battery.
- the pulverization method may be the same as described above, but is not limited thereto.
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer in the above-mentioned resin composition for a secondary battery is difficult to swell by the electrolytic solution. Further, since it can be dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone, a uniform film can be formed. Therefore, the said resin composition for secondary batteries can be used suitably for the electrode mixture layer of the electrode of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the resin layer of a separator, an electrolyte layer, etc. Moreover, the vinylidene fluoride copolymer in the above-mentioned resin composition for secondary batteries has high adhesiveness with respect to various constituent materials of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- a separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention includes a separator film and a resin layer disposed on at least one surface of the separator film.
- the resin layer contains at least the solid content of the resin composition for a secondary battery described above.
- the separator may not include the separator film.
- the separator film can be a film that is electrically stable and does not have electrical conductivity.
- a porous substrate having pores or voids therein is used, and a porous substrate excellent in ion permeability is preferable.
- porous substrates include polyolefin polymers (eg, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.), polyester polymers (eg, polyethylene terephthalate), polyimide polymers (eg, aromatic polyamide polymers).
- polyetherimide etc.
- polyethersulfone polysulfone
- polyetherketone polystyrene
- polyethylene oxide polycarbonate
- polyvinyl chloride polyacrylonitrile
- polymethylmethacrylate ceramics, etc.
- the polymer may be a modified product.
- the material for the separator film is preferably a polyolefin polymer (eg, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.), more preferably polyethylene from the viewpoint of the shutdown function, and 95% by mass or more of polyethylene from the viewpoint of both the shutdown function and heat resistance. And 5% by mass or less of polypropylene.
- a polyolefin polymer eg, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.
- separator film made of a polyolefin polymer examples include a single-layer polypropylene separator, a single-layer polyethylene separator, and a polypropylene / polyethylene / polypropylene three-layer separator that are commercially available as Celgard (registered trademark, manufactured by Polypore Corporation).
- the thickness of the separator film is preferably 3 ⁇ m or more and 25 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 25 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of mechanical properties and internal resistance.
- the surface of the separator film (porous substrate) is subjected to corona treatment, plasma treatment, flame treatment, or ultraviolet rays for the purpose of improving the adhesion to the resin layer (or the wettability of the above-mentioned resin composition for secondary batteries). Irradiation processing etc. may be performed.
- Resin layer The resin layer should just contain solid content of the above-mentioned resin composition for secondary batteries, and may further contain other components as needed.
- the resin layer may be a layer for increasing the strength of the separator, may be a layer for binding the separator and the electrode, or may be a layer that simultaneously performs these functions.
- the above-described vinylidene fluoride copolymer may be in the form of particles, a film (including a porous film), or a gel containing a solvent.
- the amount of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer in the resin layer is preferably 10% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less. If the amount of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is within this range, the adhesion between the resin layer and the separator film is increased, the adhesion between the resin layer and the electrode is increased, the strength of the separator is increased, or the resin layer itself It becomes easy to increase the strength.
- the thickness of the resin layer is appropriately selected according to the function of the resin layer, and is not particularly limited.
- the method for forming the resin layer is not particularly limited.
- the resin composition for a secondary battery is liquid (including a solvent and a dispersion medium)
- the resin composition for a secondary battery is applied, Or by drying the dispersion medium.
- the resin composition for a secondary battery is in the form of a powder or a lump
- the secondary battery resin composition is mixed with a solvent (dispersion medium) or other components as necessary, and the mixture is mixed. Apply liquid. And it can form by drying a solvent (dispersion medium) from a coating film.
- These coating methods are not particularly limited, and a doctor blade method, a reverse roll method, a comma bar method, a gravure method, an air knife method, a die coating method, a dip coating method, and the like can be applied.
- the resin layer made of the resin composition for a secondary battery is dried, it is preferably performed to such an extent that at least a part of the solvent (dispersion medium) in the resin layer can be removed. Drying may be performed a plurality of times at different temperatures, and pressure may be applied during drying. Further heat treatment may be performed after drying.
- the drying temperature is preferably 40 to 150 ° C., more preferably 45 to 130 ° C., and the drying time can be 1 minute to 15 hours.
- the resin layer may be disposed on at least one surface of the separator provided between the negative electrode layer and the positive electrode layer, or may be disposed on both surfaces.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery electrode The secondary battery electrode of the present invention includes a current collector and an electrode mixture layer disposed on the current collector, and the electrode mixture layer is an electrode described later. What is necessary is just to contain the solid content of the resin composition for mixture layers at least. Further, the secondary battery electrode may be used for a positive electrode or a negative electrode.
- the current collector for the negative electrode and the positive electrode is a terminal for taking out electricity.
- the material of the current collector is not particularly limited, and a metal foil such as aluminum, copper, iron, stainless steel, steel, nickel, titanium, or metal steel can be used. Further, the surface of another medium may be provided with the above metal foil or metal steel.
- the electrode mix layer is prepared by mixing the above-mentioned secondary battery resin composition with an electrode active material to prepare an electrode mix layer resin composition.
- the electrode mixture layer resin composition can be applied onto a current collector and dried.
- the electrode mixture layer may be formed only on one surface of the current collector, or may be disposed on both surfaces.
- the electrode mixture layer may be a layer for binding the current collector and the active material, or may be a layer for binding the active materials to each other. It may be a layer for binding the components, or may be a layer for binding the secondary battery electrode and the above-described separator.
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer in the above-described resin composition for a secondary battery may be in the form of particles, a film (including a porous film), or a solvent. It may be a gel.
- the electrode mixture layer only needs to contain, for example, the solid content of the above-described resin composition for a secondary battery and the electrode active material, and may contain other components as necessary.
- other components include a conductive aid, a solid electrolyte, a pigment dispersant, and an adhesion aid.
- the amount of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer with respect to the total amount of the electrode mixture layer is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.2% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less. More preferably, it is 0.3 mass% or more and 30 mass% or less. When the amount of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is within this range, for example, the adhesion between the electrode mixture layer and the current collector tends to be good.
- the electrode active material included in the electrode mixture layer is not particularly limited.
- a conventionally known electrode active material for negative electrode (negative electrode active material) or electrode active material for positive electrode (positive electrode active material) is used. Can do.
- the negative electrode active material examples include carbon materials such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, non-graphitizable carbon, graphitizable carbon, activated carbon, or phenol resin and pitch carbonized carbon; Cu, Li, Mg, B , Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Cd, Ag, Zn, Hf, Zr and Y, and other metal / alloy materials; and GeO, GeO 2 , SnO, SnO 2 , PbO, Examples thereof include metal oxides such as PbO 2 .
- the negative electrode active material may be a commercially available product.
- the positive electrode active material is preferably a lithium-based positive electrode active material containing at least lithium.
- the lithium-based positive electrode active material include general formulas LiMY 2 (M is Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cr, and V) such as LiCoO 2 and LiNi x Co 1-x O 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1). 1 or 2 or more of transition metals such as, Y is a chalcogen element such as O and S); a composite metal oxide having a spinel structure such as LiMn 2 O 4 ; and LiFePO 4 Olivine type lithium compounds such as;
- the positive electrode active material may be a commercially available product.
- the conductive auxiliary agent is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that can further increase the conductivity between the electrode active materials or between the electrode active material and the current collector.
- the conductive assistant include acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon black, graphite powder, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotube, and carbon fiber.
- the amount of conductive aid can be arbitrarily set according to the type and type of battery. From the viewpoint of improving both conductivity and dispersibility of the conductive additive, in one example, 0.1% by mass or more and 15% by mass with respect to the total amount of the electrode active material, the vinylidene fluoride copolymer, and the conductive additive. % Or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 7% by mass or less, and further preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less.
- the solid electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as it is a solid compound having ion conductivity, and conventionally known inorganic solid electrolytes and polymer solid electrolytes can be used.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte include an oxide solid electrolyte, a sulfide solid electrolyte, a nitride solid electrolyte, a complex hydride solid electrolyte, and the like.
- the polymer solid electrolyte include a gel electrolyte and an intrinsic polymer electrolyte.
- oxide-based solid electrolyte examples include, but are not limited to, perovskite type LLTO, garnet type LLZ, NASICON type compound, LISICON type compound, LIPON type compound, ⁇ -alumina type compound, etc. Is mentioned.
- Li 3 PO 4 Li 0.34 La 0.51 TiO 3 , Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3 , Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 , Li 6 BaLa 2 Ta 2 O 12 , Li 2.9 PO3.3N 0.46 , Li 4.3 Al 0.3 Si 0.7 O 4 , 50Li 4 SiO 4 -50Li 3 BO 3 , Li 2 O—Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -P 2 O 5 -TiO 2 , Li 1.5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO 4 ) 3 -0.05 Li 2 O, and the like are included.
- Examples of the sulfide-based solid electrolyte include, but are not limited to, an LGPS-type compound, an aldilodite-type compound, an amorphous compound, and a Li—PS compound. Specific examples include Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 , Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 S 4 , 0.03Li 3 PO 4 -0.59Li 2 S-0.38 SiS 2 , 57Li 2 S-38 SiS. 2 -5Li 3 PO 4, 70Li 2 S-30P 2 S 5, Li 7 P 3 S 11 and the like.
- nitride-based solid electrolyte but are not limited to, and specific examples thereof include LiN 3 and the like.
- the complex hydrides solid electrolyte but are not limited to, and specific examples thereof include LiBH 4 or the like.
- the gel-based electrolyte but are not limited to, the specific example Poly (ethylene oxide) 8 -LiClO 4 ( ethylene carbonate (EC) + propylene carbonate (PC)), Poly (ethylene oxide) 8 - LiClO 4 (PC), Poly (vinylidene fluoride) -LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 (EC + PC), Poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) -LiPF6 (EC + diethyl carbonate (DEC) + dimethyl carbonate (DM) + dimethyl carbonate Poly (ethylene glycol acrylate) -LiClO 4 (PC), Poly (acrylonitrile) -LiClO 4 EC + PC) Poly (methyl methacrylate ) -LiClO 4 (PC) and the like.
- Poly (ethylene oxide) 8 -LiClO 4 ethylene carbonate (EC) + propylene carbonate (PC)
- PC Poly (ethylene oxide) 8
- the intrinsic polymer electrolyte include, but are not limited to, Poly (ethylene oxide) 8 -LiClO 4 , Poly (oxymethylene) -LiClO 4 , Poly (propylene oxide) 8 -LiClO 4 , Poly ( 4 ) dimethyl siloxane) -LiClO 4, Poly ( vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) -LiTFSI, Poly (2,2-dimethoxypropylene carbonate) -LiFSI, include Poly [(2-methoxy) ethylglycidyl ether] 8 -LiClO 4 or the like.
- These solid electrolytes may contain only one kind of the above electrolyte, or may contain two or more kinds.
- pigment dispersants include polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like.
- adhesion aid include cellulose compounds such as polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyimide, carboxymethyl cellulose, ammonium salts and alkali metal salts of cellulose compounds, and the like. These amounts are not particularly limited as long as the objects and effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Examples of other resins include vinylidene fluoride polymers other than the above-mentioned vinylidene fluoride copolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and polyacrylonitrile (PAN). . Content of said other resin will not be restrict
- the thickness of the electrode mixture layer is not particularly limited, and may be any thickness.
- the electrode mixture layer may be provided in contact with the above-described separator.
- the electrode mixture layer is prepared by collecting a resin composition for an electrode mixture layer obtained by mixing the above-described resin composition for a secondary battery or an electrode active material with a solvent (dispersion medium) or a thickener as necessary. It can be formed by applying on the body and drying.
- solvent dispersion medium
- the solvent (dispersion medium) demonstrated with the resin composition for secondary batteries can be used.
- These solvents (dispersion media) may contain only 1 type, and may contain 2 or more types.
- a known compound can be used as the thickener, and the amount thereof is appropriately selected according to the viscosity of the resin composition for electrode mixture layers.
- the method for forming the electrode mixture layer is not particularly limited.
- the electrode active material is added to the resin composition for a secondary battery.
- the electrode mixture layer may be formed by coating and drying a resin composition for an electrode mixture layer.
- the resin composition for a secondary battery is in the form of a powder or a lump, the secondary battery resin composition and the electrode active material are mixed with a solvent (dispersion medium) or other components as necessary.
- a resin composition for the electrode mixture layer is prepared.
- an electrode mixture layer can be formed by apply
- coating methods are not particularly limited, and a doctor blade method, a reverse roll method, a comma bar method, a gravure method, an air knife method, a die coating method, a dip coating method, and the like can be applied.
- Further press processing may be performed after the above application and drying.
- the pressing process is performed at 1 MPa or more and 200 MPa or less. By performing the pressing process, the electrode density can be improved.
- Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery may include at least a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and may include a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes the above-described electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery as a positive electrode and / or a negative electrode.
- the separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery described above may be included as a separator.
- the electrolyte can be, for example, a liquid in which the electrolyte is dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent.
- non-aqueous solvents include, for example, cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate; dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl Chain carbonates such as methyl carbonate (EMC) and its fluorine-substituted products; cyclic esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone; dimethoxyethane; diethoxyethane; tetrahydrofuran; 2-methyltetrahydrofuran; sulfolane; Dioxolane and the like are included.
- PC propylene carbonate
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EMC
- nonaqueous solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer in the above-mentioned resin composition for a secondary battery is difficult to swell or dissolve with these nonaqueous solvents, and can be a highly stable nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- an ionic liquid can be used as the electrolyte. It does not specifically limit as an ionic liquid, A well-known ionic liquid can be used, For example, an ethylmethyl imidazolium salt, a butyl methyl imidazolium salt, etc. are mentioned.
- the ionic liquid may be used by dissolving in the non-aqueous solvent described above, or may be used as it is.
- the electrolyte may be used as a solid without being dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent.
- the electrolyte used for the secondary battery in the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and for example, a known electrolyte for the secondary battery can be used.
- Examples of the electrolyte include LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiAsF 6 , LiCl, LiBr, LiB (C 6 H 5 ) 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C, LiBPh 4 , LiN (SO 3 CF 3 ) 2 , Li (FSO 2 ) 2 N (LiFSI), Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N (LiTFSI) and the like are included.
- Example 1 280 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water was put in an autoclave, and deaeration was performed by nitrogen bubbling for 30 minutes. Next, 0.2 parts by mass of disodium hydrogen phosphate and 1.0 part by mass of ammonium perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) were charged and pressurized to 4.5 MPa to perform nitrogen substitution three times. Thereafter, 0.1 parts by mass of ethyl acetate, 13 parts by mass of vinylidene fluoride (VDF), and 22 parts by mass of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) were added to the autoclave. The temperature was raised to 80 ° C. with stirring.
- PFOA ammonium perfluorooctanoate
- ammonium persulfate (APS) aqueous solution was added so that the amount of APS might be 0.06 mass part, and superposition
- the pressure inside the can at this time was 2.5 MPa.
- 65 parts by mass of VDF was continuously added so that the pressure inside the can was maintained at 2.5 MPa at the start of the polymerization.
- the polymerization was completed when the pressure dropped to 1.5 MPa, and latex (resin composition) was obtained.
- the obtained latex had a solid content concentration (concentration of vinylidene fluoride copolymer) of 21.0% by mass, and the average primary particle size of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer contained in the latex was 180 nm.
- the secondary particle size of the freeze-dried product was 88 ⁇ m.
- a freeze-dried product was obtained by freezing the latex after polymerization with liquid nitrogen and drying under reduced pressure at room temperature.
- solid content concentration, an average primary particle diameter, and an average secondary particle diameter were measured by the below-mentioned method.
- Example 2 Before starting polymerization, polymerization was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of VDF added to the autoclave at once was changed from 13 parts by mass to 8 parts by mass, and the amount of HFP was changed from 22 parts by mass to 27 parts by mass. A latex (resin composition) was obtained. The solid content concentration (concentration of vinylidene fluoride copolymer) of the obtained latex was 21.3% by mass. The average primary particle size of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer contained in the latex was 190 nm, and the secondary particle size of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer (lyophilized product) was 89 ⁇ m.
- Example 3 Before starting polymerization, polymerization was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of VDF added to the autoclave at once was changed from 13 parts by mass to 5 parts by mass, and the amount of HFP was changed from 22 parts by mass to 30 parts by mass. A latex (resin composition) was obtained. The obtained latex (concentration of vinylidene fluoride copolymer) had a solid content concentration of 22.3 mass%. The average primary particle size of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer contained in the latex was 220 nm, and the secondary particle size of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer (lyophilized product) was 161 ⁇ m.
- Example 4 Polymerization was conducted in the same manner as in Example 2 to obtain a latex (resin composition).
- the solid content concentration of the obtained latex concentration of vinylidene fluoride copolymer
- the average primary particle size of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer contained in the latex was 180 nm, and the secondary particle size of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer (spray-dried product) was 54 ⁇ m.
- the spray drying operation conditions at this time were an inlet temperature of 170 ° C., an outlet temperature of 100 ° C., a latex throughput of 3 kg / hr, and a rotational speed of 15000 rpm.
- Example 5 Before starting polymerization, polymerization was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of VDF added to the autoclave at once was changed from 13 parts by weight to 18 parts by weight and the amount of HFP was changed from 22 parts by weight to 17 parts by weight. A latex (resin composition) was obtained. The obtained latex (concentration of vinylidene fluoride copolymer) had a solid content concentration of 20.9% by mass. The average primary particle size of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer contained in the latex was 170 nm, and the secondary particle size of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer (lyophilized product) was 66 ⁇ m.
- Example 1 Before starting polymerization, polymerization was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of VDF added to the autoclave at once was changed from 13 parts by mass to 20 parts by mass and the amount of HFP was changed from 22 parts by mass to 15 parts by mass. A latex (resin composition) was obtained. The resulting latex had a solid content concentration (concentration of vinylidene fluoride copolymer) of 24.0% by mass. The average primary particle diameter of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer contained in the latex was 190 nm, and the secondary particle diameter of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer (lyophilized product) was 78 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 Before starting the polymerization, the amount of VDF added to the autoclave at once is changed from 13 parts by weight to 10 parts by weight, the amount of HFP is changed from 22 parts by weight to 35 parts by weight, and the amount of VDF added after the start of polymerization is changed.
- a latex (resin composition) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount was changed from 65 parts by mass to 55 parts by mass.
- the obtained latex had a solid content concentration (concentration of vinylidene fluoride copolymer) of 23.4% by mass.
- the average primary particle diameter of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer contained in the latex was 190 nm, and the secondary particle diameter of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer (lyophilized product) was 294 ⁇ m.
- the resulting latex had a solid content concentration (concentration of vinylidene fluoride copolymer) of 19.2% by mass.
- the average primary particle size of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer contained in the latex was 210 nm, and the secondary particle size of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer (lyophilized product) was not measurable.
- Latex (resin composition) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount was changed from 65 parts by weight to 54 parts by weight and the amount of HFP was changed from 0 parts by weight to 16 parts by weight.
- the resulting latex had a solid content concentration (concentration of vinylidene fluoride copolymer) of 20.9% by mass.
- the average primary particle size of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer contained in the latex was 190 nm, and the secondary particle size of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer (lyophilized product) was 72 ⁇ m.
- Latex (resin composition) was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4 except that the amount was changed from 54 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight and the amount of HFP was changed from 16 parts by weight to 20 parts by weight.
- the resulting latex had a solid content concentration (concentration of vinylidene fluoride copolymer) of 24.1% by mass.
- the average primary particle size of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer contained in the latex was 200 nm, and the secondary particle size of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer (lyophilized product) was 96 ⁇ m.
- Example 6 The internal pressure of the can at the start of the polymerization was changed from 2.5 MPa to 3.7 MPa, and when the pressure during the polymerization dropped to 2.5 MPa, the VDF 65 parts by mass was continuously maintained so that the internal pressure of the can was maintained at 2.5 MPa.
- a latex (resin composition) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was added.
- the resulting latex had a solid content concentration (concentration of vinylidene fluoride copolymer) of 24.0% by mass, the average primary particle size of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer contained in the latex was 170 nm, and vinylidene fluoride.
- the secondary particle size of the copolymer (lyophilized product) was 31 ⁇ m.
- the obtained latex had a solid content concentration (concentration of vinylidene fluoride copolymer) of 23.8% by mass.
- the average primary particle size of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer contained in the latex was 180 nm, and the secondary particle size of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer (lyophilized product) was 81 ⁇ m.
- the average primary particle diameter of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer was calculated by regularizing and analyzing the latex after polymerization by a dynamic light scattering method. Specifically, DelsaMaxCORE manufactured by BECKMAN COULTER was used and measurement was performed in accordance with JIS Z 8828. And the big peak was made into the average primary particle diameter among two big and small peaks obtained by regularization analysis.
- the average secondary particle size of vinylidene fluoride copolymer is measured by laser diffraction / scattering method of vinylidene fluoride copolymer powderized by freeze-drying or spray-drying. (D50) was calculated. Specifically, Microtrac MT3300EXII manufactured by Microtrac Bell Co., Ltd. was used, and about 0.5 mg of the above-mentioned vinylidene fluoride copolymer was dispersed in water by stirring to obtain a measurement sample.
- the measurement medium is water
- the medium refractive index is 1.333
- the particle shape is a true sphere
- the particle refractive index is 1.42
- the measurement time is 30 seconds
- the average value of d50 when measured five times in the transmission mode is an average of two.
- the secondary particle size was taken.
- the mass fraction W a (here, HFP structural unit amount) of the structural unit derived from the fluorinated alkyl vinyl compound in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer was measured by 19 F-NMR (manufactured by BURUKAR). Specifically, 40 mg of vinylidene fluoride copolymer powdered by salting out was dissolved in 750 ⁇ L of acetone-d6 to prepare a measurement sample.
- the peak of the CF 3 portion derived from the HFP structural unit corresponds to two peaks in the vicinity of ⁇ 70 ⁇ to 80 ppm, and the VDF structural unit and the HFP structural unit (all structures The peak of the CF 2 moiety derived from (unit) corresponds to a peak of ⁇ 90 ppm or less. Therefore, to determine the HFP structural unit amount W a from these peak area ratio.
- HFP structural unit amount W a [% by mass] CF 3 peak area / CF 2 peak area ⁇ 100
- the true melting enthalpy of vinylidene fluoride copolymer was measured for the reversing heat flow of vinylidene fluoride copolymer with a temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimeter (Q-100, manufactured by TA Instruments). It was calculated by doing. More specifically, a freeze-dried vinylidene fluoride copolymer or 10 mg spray-dried product obtained by polymerization was packed in an aluminum pan to prepare a measurement sample. The measurement conditions were set to an average heating rate of 5 ° C./min, a modulation period of 40 seconds, and a modulation amplitude of ⁇ 0.531 ° C. so as to be a heat-only condition.
- non-crystallinity D A of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer was calculated by the following formula.
- Amorphous degree D A [%] 100 [%] ⁇ Crystallinity degree D C [%]
- W a ⁇ (D C / D A ) was calculated from the HFP structural unit amount W a , and the degree of crystallinity D C and the degree of amorphous D A of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer.
- fusing point of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer particle was measured with the form of the film produced with the following method. First, a vinylidene fluoride copolymer taken out (powdered) by salting out of a mold having a length of 5 cm, a width of 5 cm and a thickness of 150 ⁇ m between two aluminum foils sprayed with a release agent and a latex after polymerization. About 1 g was sandwiched and pressed at 200 ° C. The melting point was measured according to ASTM D3418 using a differential scanning calorimeter (“DSC-1” manufactured by METTER).
- DSC-1 differential scanning calorimeter
- Turbidity The solubility of vinylidene fluoride copolymer particles in N-methylpyrrolidone was evaluated by turbidity. Turbidity was measured in the state of a sample prepared by the following method. First, 1 g of vinylidene fluoride copolymer particles pulverized by salting out or freeze-drying is added to 19 g of N-methylpyrrolidone (manufactured by Nippon Refine) and a sample is prepared by stirring on a hot stirrer at 40 ° C. did. Then, the turbidity of the sample was measured with NDH2000 (conforming to JIS K 7136) manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. The sample was placed in a quartz cell.
- NDH2000 conforming to JIS K 7136
- the turbidity of N-methylpyrrolidone was set to 0, and the turbidity of the sample was calculated. When the turbidity was 30 or less, it was judged that the solubility in N-methylpyrrolidone was high.
- a press film was prepared in the same manner as the sample at the time of measuring the melting point, and the press film was cut into 2 cm x 4 cm. Then, it was completely immersed in an electrolyte solution (LIPASTE (registered trademark) -3E7MEC / PF12 (V1)) manufactured by Toyama Chemical. And it stored for 6 hours in a 40 degreeC gear oven, and the swelling rate was computed from the weight change of the sample piece.
- LIPASTE registered trademark
- the mass fraction W a of the structural unit derived from the fluorine-containing alkyl vinyl compound (HFP) in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer having a melting point in the range of 105 to 125 ° C. Example in which the crystallinity D C of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer and the amorphous degree D A of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer satisfy 4.7 ⁇ W a ⁇ (D C / D A ) ⁇ 14 In Nos. 1 to 5, the solubility in N-methylpyrrolidone was high, and the solubility (swelling rate) in the electrolyte was also low (Examples 1 to 5).
- Comparative Example 1 in which W a ⁇ (D C / D A ) exceeds 14 and the melting point of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer exceeds 125 ° C. has low solubility in N-methylpyrrolidone. The turbidity was high. Even when W a ⁇ (D C / D A ) is 14 or less, when the melting point exceeds 125 ° C. (Comparative Examples 6 and 7), the solubility in N-methylpyrrolidone is low and the turbidity is low. The degree was high.
- fluoride having high adhesion strength to materials constituting non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries such as current collectors, separators, and active materials, little swelling due to electrolyte, and high solubility in N-methylpyrrolidone.
- a resin composition for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing a vinylidene copolymer can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
4.7≦Wa×(DC/DA)≦14 (1)
本発明の電極合剤層用樹脂組成物は、上記非水電解質二次電池用樹脂組成物と電極活物質と、を含む。
本発明の非水電解質二次電池用電極は、集電体と、前記集電体上に配置された電極合剤層と、を含み、前記電極合剤層が、上記電極合剤層用樹脂組成物の固形分を含む。
本発明の別の非水電解質二次電池は、一対の電極を少なくとも有し、前記一対の電極のうち、少なくとも一方が、上記非水電解質二次電池用電極である。
本発明の非水電解質二次電池用樹脂組成物(以下、「二次電池用樹脂組成物」とも称する)は、少なくとも上述のフッ化ビニリデン共重合体を含んでいればよく、フッ化ビニリデン共重合体のみからなるものであってもよく、本発明の目的および効果を損なわない範囲で、水溶性高分子やフィラー、溶媒(分散媒)、各種添加剤等を含むものであってもよい。また、二次電池用樹脂組成物は、粉体状であってもよく、液体状(例えばコロイド状等)であってもよく、塊状(例えばクラム状等)等であってもよい。
(1)フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の構造
フッ化ビニリデン共重合体は、フッ化ビニリデン由来の構造単位と、含フッ素アルキルビニル化合物由来の構造単位とを含む。フッ化ビニリデン共重合体は、ブロック共重合体であってもよいが、通常ランダム共重合体である。
上述のフッ化ビニリデン共重合体の融点は、105~125℃であるが、106~123℃であることが好ましく、107~120℃であることがより好ましい。フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の融点が上記範囲であると、フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の電解液に対する膨潤性が低くなったり、N-メチルピロリドンに対する溶解性が高まったりする。また、フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の融点が125℃より高いと、二次電池用樹脂組成物を用いて成膜する際に、均一な膜が形成されない等、成膜性が低下することがある。上記融点は、ASTM D3418に準拠して測定される値である。
4.7≦Wa×(DC/DA)≦14 (1)
Wa×(DC/DA)で表される値は、4.8以上12.5以下であることが好ましく、4.9以上11以下であることがより好ましい。上述のように、フッ化ビニリデン共重合体が上記式(1)を満たすと、二次電池用樹脂組成物の電解液に対する溶解性や膨潤性が低くなったり、N-メチルピロリドンに対する溶解性が高くなったりする。
非晶化度DA[%]=100[%]-結晶化度DC[%]
上述の物性を満たすフッ化ビニリデン共重合体は、フッ化ビニリデンと、含フッ素アルキルビニル化合物と、必要に応じて他の化合物とを、乳化重合法により、特定の条件下で重合することで調製できる。
二次電池用樹脂組成物は、フッ化ビニリデン共重合体以外の成分(その他の成分)を含んでいてもよく、その例には、水溶性高分子やフィラー、溶媒(分散媒)および各種添加剤等が含まれる。
上述の二次電池用樹脂組成物は、上述のフッ化ビニリデン共重合体と、必要に応じて他の成分とを混合することで、調製することができる。これらの混合方法は特に制限されず、公知の方法で混合することができる。
本発明の非水電解質二次電池用セパレータ(以下、単に「セパレータ」とも称する)は、セパレータ膜と、当該セパレータ膜の少なくとも一方の表面に配置された樹脂層とを含み、樹脂層が、上述の二次電池用樹脂組成物の固形分を少なくとも含む。ただし、樹脂層自体がセパレータとしての機能を担うことができる場合には、セパレータがセパレータ膜を含まなくてもよい。
セパレータ膜は、電気的に安定であり、電気伝導性を有していない膜とすることができる。当該セパレータには、内部に空孔又は空隙を有する多孔質基材が用いられ、イオン透過性に優れる多孔質基材であることが好ましい。このような多孔質基材の例には、ポリオレフィン系高分子(例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等)、ポリエステル系高分子(例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレート等)、ポリイミド系高分子(例えば、芳香族ポリアミド系高分子、ポリエーテルイミド等)、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリスチレン、ポリエチレンオキサイド、ポリカーボネート、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリメチルメタクリレート、セラミックス等、およびこれらの少なくとも2種の混合物からなる単層又は多層の多孔膜;不織布;ガラス;ならびに紙等が含まれる。なお、上記ポリマーは変性物とされていてもよい。
樹脂層は、上述の二次電池用樹脂組成物の固形分を含んでいればよく、必要に応じて他の成分をさらに含んでいてもよい。樹脂層は、セパレータの強度を高めるための層であってもよく、セパレータと電極とを結着するための層であってもよく、これらの機能を同時に担う層であってもよい。当該樹脂層内で、上述のフッ化ビニリデン共重合体は、粒子状であってもよく、膜状(多孔質膜を含む)であってもよく、溶媒を含むゲル状であってもよい。
本発明の二次電池用電極は、集電体と、当該集電体上に配置された電極合剤層とを含み、当該電極合剤層が、後述の電極合剤層用樹脂組成物の固形分を少なくとも含んでいればよい。また、当該二次電池用電極は、正極用であってもよく、負極用であってもよい。
負極および正極用の集電体は、電気を取り出すための端子である。集電体の材質としては、特に限定されるものではなく、アルミニウム、銅、鉄、ステンレス鋼、鋼、ニッケル、チタン等の金属箔あるいは金属鋼等を用いることができる。また、他の媒体の表面に上記金属箔あるいは金属鋼等を施したものであってもよい。
一方、電極合剤層は、上述の二次電池用樹脂組成物を電極活物質と混合して、電極合剤層用樹脂組成物を調製し、当該電極合剤層用樹脂組成物を集電体上に塗布し、乾燥させた層とすることができる。電極合剤層は、上記集電体の一方の面のみに形成されていてもよく、両方の面に配置されていてもよい。
本発明の非水電解質二次電池は、正極と、負極と、を少なくとも含み、正極と負極の間に配置されたセパレータを含んでもよい。当該非水電解質二次電池は、正極および/または負極として、上述の非水電解質二次電池用電極を含む。さらにセパレータとして、上述の非水電解質二次電池用セパレータを含んでもよい。
オートクレーブにイオン交換水280質量部を入れ、30分間の窒素バブリングによって脱気を行った。次に、リン酸水素二ナトリウム0.2質量部、およびパーフルオロオクタン酸アンモニウム塩(PFOA)1.0質量部を仕込み、4.5MPaまで加圧して窒素置換を3回行った。その後、酢酸エチル0.1質量部、フッ化ビニリデン(VDF)13質量部、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(HFP)22質量部を上記オートクレーブ中に添加した。撹拌しながら80℃まで昇温させた。そして、5質量%過硫酸アンモニウム(APS)水溶液を、APS量が0.06質量部となるように添加し、重合を開始させた。このときの缶内圧力は2.5MPaとした。缶内圧力が重合開始時の2.5MPaで維持されるように重合開始直後にVDF65質量部を連続的に添加した。添加終了後、1.5MPaまで圧力が降下したところで重合を完了とし、ラテックス(樹脂組成物)を得た。得られたラテックスの固形分濃度(フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の濃度)は21.0質量%であり、ラテックスに含まれるフッ化ビニリデン共重合体の平均一次粒子径は180nmであった。また、当該ラテックスを凍結乾燥し、フッ化ビニリデン共重合体のみを取り出した際、凍結乾燥品の二次粒子径は88μmであった。このとき凍結乾燥品は、重合後のラテックスを液体窒素で凍結させ室温下で減圧乾燥させることで得られた。なお、固形分濃度、平均一次粒子径、および平均二次粒子径は、後述の方法で測定した。
重合開始前に、オートクレーブ中に一括添加するVDFの量を13質量部から8質量部に変更し、HFPの量を22質量部から27質量部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様に重合し、ラテックス(樹脂組成物)を得た。得られたラテックスの固形分濃度(フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の濃度)は21.3質量%であった。ラテックスに含まれるフッ化ビニリデン共重合体の平均一次粒子径は190nmであり、フッ化ビニリデン共重合体(凍結乾燥品)の二次粒子径は89μmであった。
重合開始前に、オートクレーブ中に一括添加するVDFの量を13質量部から5質量部に変更し、HFPの量を22質量部から30質量部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様に重合し、ラテックス(樹脂組成物)を得た。得られたラテックス(フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の濃度)の固形分濃度は22.3質量%であった。ラテックスに含まれるフッ化ビニリデン共重合体の平均一次粒子径は220nmであり、フッ化ビニリデン共重合体(凍結乾燥品)の二次粒子径は161μmであった。
実施例2と同様に重合し、ラテックス(樹脂組成物)を得た。得られたラテックス(フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の濃度)の固形分濃度は21.3質量%であった。ラテックスに含まれるフッ化ビニリデン共重合体の平均一次粒子径は180nmであり、フッ化ビニリデン共重合体(スプレードライ品)の二次粒子径は54μmであった。このときのスプレードライ運転条件は、入口温度170℃、出口温度100℃、ラテックス処理量3kg/hr、回転数15000rpmとした。
重合開始前に、オートクレーブ中に一括添加するVDFの量を13質量部から18質量部に変更し、HFPの量を22質量部から17質量部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様に重合し、ラテックス(樹脂組成物)を得た。得られたラテックス(フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の濃度)の固形分濃度は20.9質量%であった。ラテックスに含まれるフッ化ビニリデン共重合体の平均一次粒子径は170nmであり、フッ化ビニリデン共重合体(凍結乾燥品)の二次粒子径は66μmであった。
重合開始前に、オートクレーブ中に一括添加するVDFの量を13質量部から20質量部に変更し、HFPの量を22質量部から15質量部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様に重合し、ラテックス(樹脂組成物)を得た。得られたラテックスの固形分濃度(フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の濃度)は24.0質量%であった。ラテックスに含まれるフッ化ビニリデン共重合体の平均一次粒子径は190nmであり、フッ化ビニリデン共重合体(凍結乾燥品)の二次粒子径は78μmであった。
重合開始前に、オートクレーブ中に一括添加するVDFの量を13質量部から10質量部に変更し、HFPの量を22質量部から35質量部に変更し、重合開始後に添加するVDFの量を65質量部から55質量部に変更した以外は、上述の実施例1と同様の方法でラテックス(樹脂組成物)を得た。得られたラテックスの固形分濃度(フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の濃度)は23.4質量%であった。ラテックスに含まれるフッ化ビニリデン共重合体の平均一次粒子径は190nmであり、フッ化ビニリデン共重合体(凍結乾燥品)の二次粒子径は294μmであった。
重合開始前に、オートクレーブ中に一括添加するVDFの量を10質量部から5質量部に変更し、HFPの量を35質量部から40質量部に変更した以外は、比較例2と同様にラテックス(樹脂組成物)を得た。得られたラテックスの固形分濃度(フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の濃度)は19.2質量%であった。ラテックスに含まれるフッ化ビニリデン共重合体の平均一次粒子径は210nmであり、フッ化ビニリデン共重合体(凍結乾燥品)の二次粒子径は測定不可であった。
重合開始前に、オートクレーブ中に一括添加するVDFの量を13質量部から22質量部に変更し、HFPの量を22質量部から8質量部に変更し、重合開始後に添加するVDFの量を65質量部から54質量部に変更し、HFPの量を0質量部から16質量部に変更した以外は、上述の実施例1と同様の方法でラテックス(樹脂組成物)を得た。得られたラテックスの固形分濃度(フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の濃度)は20.9質量%であった。ラテックスに含まれるフッ化ビニリデン共重合体の平均一次粒子径は190nmであり、フッ化ビニリデン共重合体(凍結乾燥品)の二次粒子径は72μmであった。
重合開始前に、オートクレーブ中に一括添加するVDFの量を22質量部から20質量部に変更し、HFPの量を8質量部から10質量部に変更し、重合開始後に添加するVDFの量を54質量部から50質量部に変更し、HFPの量を16質量部から20質量部に変更した以外は、上述の比較例4と同様の方法でラテックス(樹脂組成物)を得た。得られたラテックスの固形分濃度(フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の濃度)は24.1質量%であった。ラテックスに含まれるフッ化ビニリデン共重合体の平均一次粒子径は200nmであり、フッ化ビニリデン共重合体(凍結乾燥品)の二次粒子径は96μmであった。
重合開始時の缶内圧力を2.5MPaから3.7MPaに変更し、重合中の圧力が2.5MPaまで下がったところで缶内圧力が2.5MPaで維持されるようにVDF65質量部を連続的に添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にラテックス(樹脂組成物)を得た。得られたラテックスの固形分濃度(フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の濃度)は24.0質量%であり、ラテックスに含まれるフッ化ビニリデン共重合体の平均一次粒子径は170nmであり、フッ化ビニリデン共重合体(凍結乾燥品)の二次粒子径は31μmであった。
重合開始前に、オートクレーブ中に一括添加するVDFの量を13質量部から8質量部に変更し、HFPの量を22質量部から27質量部に変更した以外は、比較例6と同様にラテックス(樹脂組成物)を得た。得られたラテックスの固形分濃度(フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の濃度)は23.8質量%であった。ラテックスに含まれるフッ化ビニリデン共重合体の平均一次粒子径は180nmであり、フッ化ビニリデン共重合体(凍結乾燥品)の二次粒子径は81μmであった。
実施例および比較例で得られたフッ化ビニリデン共重合体について、以下の方法でそれぞれ物性を測定した。各数値を表1に示す。
上述のラテックス中のフッ化ビニリデン共重合体の濃度(固形分濃度)は、得られたラテックス約5gをアルミ製のカップに入れ、80℃で3時間乾燥させた。そして、乾燥前後の重量を測定することで、固形分濃度を算出した。
フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の平均一次粒子径は、重合後のラテックスを動的光散乱法で正則化解析することによって算出した。具体的には、BECKMAN COULTER社製 DelsaMaxCOREを使用し、JIS Z 8828に準拠して測定した。そして、正則化解析によって得られる大小2つのピークのうち、大きいピークを平均一次粒子径とした。
フッ化ビニリデン共重合体中の含フッ素アルキルビニル化合物由来の構造単位の質量分率Wa(ここでは、HFP構造単位量)は、19F-NMR(BURUKAR社製)で測定した。具体的には、塩析によって粉体化したフッ化ビニリデン共重合体40mgをアセトン-d6 750μLに溶解させて測定用サンプルとした。19F-NMR測定により得られる化学シフトのうち、HFP構造単位由来のCF3部分のピークは-70-~80ppm付近の2本のピークに相当し、VDF構造単位およびHFP構造単位(全ての構造単位)由来のCF2部分のピークは-90ppm以下のピークに相当する。そこで、これらのピーク面積比からHFP構造単位量Waを求めた。
HFP構造単位量Wa[質量%]=CF3ピーク面積/CF2ピーク面積×100
非晶化度DA[%]=100[%]-結晶化度DC[%]
そして、HFP構造単位量Wa、ならびにフッ化ビニリデン共重合体の結晶化度DCおよび非晶化度DAから、Wa×(DC/DA)の値を算出した。
フッ化ビニリデン共重合体粒子の融点は、以下の方法で作製されるフィルムの形態で測定した。
まず、剥離剤を噴霧した2枚のアルミ箔の間に、縦5cm×横5cm×厚み150μmの鋳型と、重合後のラテックスから塩析により取り出した(粉体化した)フッ化ビニリデン共重合体約1gとを挟み、200℃でプレスした。融点は、示差走査熱量計(METTLER社製「DSC-1」)を用いてASTM D3418に準拠して測定した。
フッ化ビニリデン共重合体粒子のN-メチルピロリドンへの溶解性は濁度によって評価した。濁度は、以下の方法で調製されるサンプルの状態で測定した。まず、塩析または凍結乾燥によって粉体化したフッ化ビニリデン共重合体粒子1gを19gのN-メチルピロリドン(日本リファイン製)に添加し、40℃のホットスターラー上で撹拌させることでサンプルを調製した。そして、当該サンプルの濁度を、日本電色工業製のNDH2000(JIS K 7136に準拠)で測定した。なお、サンプルは石英セルに入れた。また、N-メチルピロリドンの濁度を0とし、サンプルの濁度を算出した。濁度が30以下であるときに、N-メチルピロリドンへの溶解性が高いと判断した。
融点測定時のサンプルと同様の方法で、プレスフィルムを作製し、当該プレスフィルムを2cm×4cmに切り出した。そして、富山化学製の電解液(LIPASTE(登録商標)-3E7MEC/PF12(V1))に完全に浸した。そして、40℃のギアオーブンで6時間保管し、サンプル片の重量変化から膨潤率を算出した。
Claims (10)
- フッ化ビニリデン由来の構造単位と、含フッ素アルキルビニル化合物由来の構造単位と、を有するフッ化ビニリデン共重合体を含む、非水電解質二次電池用樹脂組成物であり、
前記フッ化ビニリデン共重合体のASTM D3418に準拠して測定される融点が、105~125℃であり、
前記フッ化ビニリデン共重合体中の前記含フッ素アルキルビニル化合物由来の構造単位の質量分率Waと、前記フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の結晶化度DCと、前記フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の非晶化度DAと、が下記式(1)を満たす、
非水電解質二次電池用樹脂組成物。
4.7≦Wa×(DC/DA)≦14 (1) - 前記フッ化ビニリデン共重合体中の前記含フッ素アルキルビニル化合物由来の構造単位の質量分率Waが、15質量%以上30質量%以下である、
請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用樹脂組成物。 - 前記含フッ素アルキルビニル化合物が、ヘキサフルオロプロピレンである、
請求項1または2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用樹脂組成物。 - 分散媒をさらに含み、前記分散媒に、一次粒子径が10~700nmの前記フッ化ビニリデン共重合体が分散されている、
請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用樹脂組成物。 - 平均二次粒子径が30μm~200μmである粉体状である、
請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用樹脂組成物。 - セパレータ膜、および前記セパレータ膜の少なくとも一方の面に配置された樹脂層を含み、
前記樹脂層が、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用樹脂組成物の固形分を少なくとも含む、
非水電解質二次電池用セパレータ。 - 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用樹脂組成物と、電極活物質と、を含む、
電極合剤層用樹脂組成物。 - 集電体と、前記集電体上に配置された電極合剤層と、を含み、
前記電極合剤層が、請求項7に記載の電極合剤層用樹脂組成物の固形分を含む、
非水電解質二次電池用電極。 - 一対の電極と、これらの間に配置されたセパレータと、を含み、
前記セパレータが、請求項6に記載の非水電解質二次電池用セパレータである、
非水電解質二次電池。 - 一対の電極を少なくとも有し、
前記一対の電極のうち、少なくとも一方が、請求項8に記載の非水電解質二次電池用電極である、
非水電解質二次電池。
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EP3806190A1 (en) | 2021-04-14 |
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