WO2019163783A1 - 燃料電池の膜電極アッセンブリーの製造方法 - Google Patents

燃料電池の膜電極アッセンブリーの製造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019163783A1
WO2019163783A1 PCT/JP2019/006126 JP2019006126W WO2019163783A1 WO 2019163783 A1 WO2019163783 A1 WO 2019163783A1 JP 2019006126 W JP2019006126 W JP 2019006126W WO 2019163783 A1 WO2019163783 A1 WO 2019163783A1
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Prior art keywords
roll
electrode
electrolyte membrane
membrane
fuel cell
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PCT/JP2019/006126
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
松永　正文
Original Assignee
エムテックスマート株式会社
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Application filed by エムテックスマート株式会社 filed Critical エムテックスマート株式会社
Priority to CN201980015184.XA priority Critical patent/CN111758178B/zh
Priority to CN202110285447.8A priority patent/CN113054227B/zh
Publication of WO2019163783A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019163783A1/ja

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/26—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/24—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention mainly relates to a coating method using a head called a slot die, a slit die, a slot nozzle, or the like in the industry of coating a long article with a liquid liquid film.
  • a coating method using a head called a slot die, a slit die, a slot nozzle, or the like in the industry of coating a long article with a liquid liquid film.
  • an electrode forming method of a fuel cell particularly a PEFC (Polymer Electrolyte membrane Fuel Cell) type fuel cell, and an MEA (membrane electrode assembly) and a fuel cell manufactured by the method are included.
  • the material, shape, and material to be coated are not particularly limited, but electrode ink is directly slotted into the electrolyte membrane for application to MEA's CCM (Catalyst coated membrane) type electrolyte membrane and electrode forming method. It is particularly effective in terms of productivity when an electrode is formed by coating with a nozzle.
  • CCM Catalyst coated membrane
  • an electrolyte solution which is a kind of ionomer, and a fine powder composed of carbon particles or platinum supported on carbon fibers are mixed in an electrolyte membrane, applied as electrode catalyst ink to GDL (Gas diffusion layer), and then crimped to the electrolyte membrane. Or applied to a release film such as PTFE and transferred to an electrolyte membrane.
  • GDL Gas diffusion layer
  • PTFE a release film
  • Patent Document 1 is a method invented by the present inventor, in which an electrode ink is sprayed in a state in which an electrolyte membrane for roll-to-roll is unwound and adsorbed on a heated adsorption drum or adsorption belt.
  • a method of laminating and drying by the above has been proposed. Since the electrolyte membrane is adsorbed and heated by heating the adsorption drum or the like, it is laminated as a thin film by spraying or the like, so that the solvent volatilizes instantly when the spray particles are applied to the electrolyte membrane and leveled.
  • the electrolyte is not damaged and adhesion is increased, so that the interface resistance between the electrode and the electrolyte membrane can be lowered to the limit, so that an ideal CCM can be formed.
  • a breathable paper wider than the electrolyte membrane is interposed between the adsorption drum and the electrolyte, and the electrolyte membrane is sucked. Therefore, the entire electrolyte membrane surface is made uniform so as not to leave adsorption marks on the porous body such as the adsorption drum. Proposals for suction have also been made.
  • Patent Document 2 is also a method invented by the present inventor, in which a film as an electrode-shaped mask is bonded to both surfaces of an electrolyte film for roll-to-roll (Roll to Roll) to form electrode-shaped concave portions
  • a film as an electrode-shaped mask is bonded to both surfaces of an electrolyte film for roll-to-roll (Roll to Roll) to form electrode-shaped concave portions
  • electrode ink is laminated and wound up while being unwound and adsorbed by a heated adsorption roll or adsorption belt.
  • the electrolyte membrane is sensitive to moisture and there is a Nafion membrane that instantly deforms when electrode catalyst ink is applied.
  • Attempts have been made to apply the film with a spray nozzle or slot nozzle while adsorbing the film and moving the film without deformation.
  • spraying requires a mask, and there is a difficulty in increasing the production speed.
  • the slot nozzle is effective for increasing the production speed, but the “ON roll” arranged on the heated adsorption roll has the following problems. Since the electrode ink is composed of platinum supported on carbon, ionomer, water and alcohol solvent, etc., if the heating roll is about 100 ° C.
  • the amount of electrode catalyst required nowadays is very small, 0.15 mg or less per square centimeter at the anode electrode and 0.3 mg or less at the cathode electrode. Since the specific gravity of the platinum catalyst is 20 or more, the film thickness becomes thin.
  • the ratio of platinum to carbon is also 5: 5 or even 7: 3 for platinum: carbon, so the dry film thickness including the ionomer is extremely thin, less than 1 micrometer, and the solid content is 10 percent. In this case, the wet film thickness is as thin as 10 micrometers or less.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-149257 invented by the present inventors proposes a method capable of polishing the surface of the adsorbing roll in a state heated to the application temperature to reduce the roundness to 5 microns or less. However, this method requires polishing every time the roll temperature is changed, and the workability is extremely poor. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
  • the present invention has been made to solve such a problem.
  • the heated adsorption roll does not pursue roundness, and is a means for rapidly drying the electrode ink applied to the electrolyte membrane without deformation. For this reason, since the emphasis is not placed on the roundness, the manufacturing cost can be reduced to the limit.
  • the straightness of the tip of the slot nozzle should be 5 microns or less at room temperature or even 2 microns or less by polishing with a polishing apparatus. It is important to make the influence of the less. Further, the roundness at room temperature of a small diameter roll, for example, 200 mm or less, can be suppressed to several microns or less by polishing with a polishing apparatus.
  • small-diameter rolls with a simple internal structure can be rounded to a few microns or less even when heated, so they are used as crimping rolls for secondary battery electrodes. Therefore, these small-diameter rolls are used in combination with a large-diameter heated adsorption roll having a diameter of 200 mm or more or a heating roll having a diameter of 250 mm or more, and a slot nozzle is installed on the ON roll or OFF roll so The electrode ink can be pattern coated while maintaining the distance with high accuracy.
  • the electrolyte membrane is usually manufactured by a casting method, there is a back sheet of a supporting base material, so that the application for forming one electrode can be applied by spraying or slot nozzle without deforming the electrolyte membrane.
  • the electrolyte membrane is as thin as 25 microns or less, further 15 microns or less, and stretches when pulled, and as described above, there is an extremely delicate substrate that can be easily deformed by moisture in the air.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to produce a high-quality and durable PEFC type fuel cell membrane / electrode manufacturing method and CCM or MEA at high speed and provide them in large quantities. It is to be. More specifically, an electrode ink is directly applied to a roll-to-roll electrolyte membrane to produce a high-performance membrane / electrode assembly, and thus a high-performance fuel cell.
  • the present invention is a method for forming an electrode by applying a slot nozzle to apply electrode ink to at least one side of an electrolyte membrane by moving a long electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell continuously or intermittently.
  • a method for producing a membrane / electrode assembly for a fuel cell comprising a step of applying an electrode ink with a slot nozzle between the small diameter roll and the heating adsorption roll until the electrolyte membrane comes into contact therewith.
  • the present invention provides a method for producing a membrane / electrode assembly for a fuel cell, characterized in that the heated adsorption roll is a heated roll and moves while applying a tension of 20 to 80 Newtons to the electrolyte membrane.
  • the present invention provides a method for producing a membrane / electrode assembly of a fuel cell, wherein the heat adsorbing roll is a heat adsorbing belt.
  • the present invention provides a fuel cell membrane / electrode assembly characterized by applying a tension of 20 to 80 Newtons to the electrolyte membrane before and after the small-diameter roll and applying electrode ink on the off-roll before and after the small-diameter roll. Provide a method.
  • the present invention provides a method for producing a membrane / electrode assembly for a fuel cell, wherein the slot nozzle is an air assist slot nozzle or a mist ejection slit nozzle, and the distance between the electrolyte membrane and the nozzle head is set to 0 to 10 millimeters. provide.
  • the roundness of the heating adsorption roll or heating roll is ⁇ 50 micrometers or less, and the electrode ink is applied on the off-roll immediately before the electrolyte membrane contacts the heating adsorption roll or heating roll.
  • a fuel cell membrane / electrode assembly manufacturing method is provided.
  • the anode electrode ink is applied to the electrolyte membrane with a slot nozzle and dried, and then the cathode electrode ink is applied in the form of particles or fibers.
  • the step of sucking the electrolyte membrane through the air-permeable substrate and peeling the backsheet laminated on the electrolyte membrane, and the fuel cell in which the electrode containing the cathode electrode catalyst is formed on the opposite side of the anode electrode A method of manufacturing a membrane / electrode assembly is provided.
  • an electrode ink is applied to an electrolyte membrane on which a back sheet is laminated and dried to form an electrode, and a first breathable protective substrate is laminated on the electrode, and the first breathable protective group is formed.
  • the electrode ink catalyst may be a core-shell type catalyst.
  • the electrode ink can be directly applied to each surface of the electrolyte membrane. Furthermore, 99% or more of the amount of solvent can be volatilized within 3 seconds instantly after the electrode ink applied to the electrolyte membrane by heating and suctioning to reduce the load on the electrolyte membrane wets the electrolyte membrane. This is ideal because the adhesion between the film and the electrode can be increased and the interface resistance can be lowered to the maximum.
  • the cathode electrode is not limited to the slot nozzle method, and the impact pulse method, which is a spray method or a pulsed spray belonging to the spray and further adds speed to the spray particles and is a registered trademark of MTEC Smart Co., Ltd.
  • the impact pulse method which is a spray method or a pulsed spray belonging to the spray and further adds speed to the spray particles and is a registered trademark of MTEC Smart Co., Ltd.
  • the adhesion of the catalyst to the electrolyte membrane can be further enhanced, and an electrode having ideal micropores, mesopores, and macropores can be formed.
  • spraying or pulse spraying can be performed with an air assist slot nozzle, a mist ejection slit nozzle, or a meltblown spray nozzle.
  • the present invention is not limited to a single nozzle head, and a plurality of heads can be arranged in series in the moving direction of the electrolyte membrane and laminated with a thin film.
  • the amount of one layer of electrode per square centimeter can be adjusted to 0.01 to 0.3 milligrams. Lamination is also possible.
  • the amount of coating per layer can be reduced by combining with a heat adsorption drum or the like.
  • the solid content of the electrode ink made of alcohol can even be 10% or less, for example 3% or less, by weight.
  • the merit of making the solid content concentration as described above is that the thinner the film is laminated, the less the solvent shock load on the electrolyte membrane and the more uniform the coating amount per unit area, leading to improved fuel cell performance.
  • the electrolyte membrane is heated through a microporous air-permeable substrate, for example, dust-free paper or a gas-permeable plastic film, for example, a heated adsorption drum at 50 to 120 ° C., and a commercially available inexpensive vacuum degree of about minus 60 kPa, for example. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture a membrane / electrode assembly which is not damaged and does not damage the electrolyte membrane. It is economical to use the air-permeable base material by wrapping it around a heated adsorption drum.
  • the adhesive is interspersed in a porous shape, and the masking substrate cut out in the electrode size is attached and moved to move the slot nozzle, An accurate electrode pattern can be formed using not only the spray method.
  • the masking substrate is particularly useful for a spray method for forming electrode ink into particles.
  • the surface of the heated adsorption roll can be manufactured by forming a large number of holes with a diameter of 0.1 to 1 mm in a staggered pattern, for example, at a pitch of 1 to 3 mm in a cylinder such as stainless steel. Innumerable drilling can usually be performed with a laser or electron beam. In order to make the adsorption distribution more uniform even with large holes or coarse holes, dust-free paper or micrometer-order porous film can be wrapped around the heated adsorption drum and fixed on the drum surface. . For example, multiple layers can be wound, or a plurality of breathable substrates are prepared, and by laminating fine ones in order from rough ones, a heat adsorption drum can be manufactured at low cost, which is economical.
  • micrometer or nanometer order breathable base material has the same effect as a micro or nanometer order heat-adsorbing drum, so the cost performance is outstanding in terms of performance.
  • they are not limited to a plurality, and can be unwound together with the electrolyte membrane and used for winding.
  • an electrode ink is applied directly to an electrolyte membrane which is easily deformed and difficult to handle with an extremely thin film which is not expected at the time of filing the patent application of the liquid coating and drying method disclosed in JP-A-2004-351413. It is possible to produce a film / electrode assembly which is laminated and stable in quality.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heating (adsorption) roll, a small diameter roll, an electrolyte membrane, and a slot nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing regarding the combination of a heating (adsorption) roll, a small diameter roll, an electrolyte membrane, and a slot nozzle based on embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing regarding arrangement
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a membrane / electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a small-diameter roll 4 having a smaller diameter than the heating adsorption drum 1 is provided upstream of the heating adsorption drum 1, and the electrolyte membrane 2 unwound by the unwinding device 5 passes between the small-diameter roll 4 and the heating adsorption drum 1 via the nip roll 10.
  • electrode ink (not shown) is applied by the slot nozzle 3 and is wound as a membrane / electrode assembly by the downstream winding device 6.
  • the heat-adsorbing drum can be wound with one or more micrometer-order breathable substrates (not shown).
  • An electrode having an opposite electrode may be formed on the electrolyte membrane.
  • the application to the electrolyte membrane by the slot nozzle 3 may be an ON roll on the small-diameter roll 4, or an OFF roll before and after the small-diameter roll and up to the heating adsorption roll.
  • it is ideal from the standpoint of drying because heat adsorption starts almost simultaneously with coating when it is performed on the OFF roll, which is just near the heat adsorption drum.
  • it is desirable that a tension of 20 to 80 Newton is applied to the electrolyte membrane.
  • the open / close valve mechanism in the slot nozzle can be clean cut by using a suck back type, a rectangular or square electrode pattern can be formed. When it is desired to provide a plurality of patterns orthogonal to the moving direction, it is convenient to assemble a shim formed in a desired dimension.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram in which a plurality of small diameter rolls (14, 14 ′) are installed in the configuration of FIG.
  • the arrangement of the slot nozzle 13 may be an ON roll on the small-diameter rolls 14 and 14 ′, or a front and rear OFF roll.
  • the small diameter roll may be heated.
  • FIG. 3 shows an ON roll on the small-diameter roll 34, and an electrode ink 205 is applied to the electrolyte membrane 32 by the slot nozzle 33 to form an electrode pattern 205.
  • the protective substrate 38 is unwound by the protective substrate unwinding device 39 on the electrode 205 dried on the heat adsorbing roll 31, laminated on the electrolyte membrane 32 and the electrode 205, and wound as a composite by the winding device 36.
  • the protective base material may be a breathable base material, and after the first electrode is formed in advance and the second electrode is formed, the protective base material is not limited in material, type and shape, but is the cheapest in terms of cost. The electrode may not be transferred or may be difficult to transfer.
  • FIG. 4 shows that the back sheet 165 is peeled upstream of the electrolyte membrane 42 on which the first electrode is formed, and is wound up by the back sheet winding device 102.
  • the position where the first electrode is formed on the opposite surface is detected by a detection sensor, and electrode ink is applied to form the second electrode by the slot nozzle 43.
  • the breathable substrate 138 that has moved on the heating adsorption drum while protecting the first electrode is wound up by the breathable substrate winding device 101.
  • the electrolyte membrane on which the first and second electrodes are formed is wound up by a winding device 46 together with a new protective substrate 148.
  • the protective substrate may be a gas permeable substrate, but should be selected so as not to affect the electrode surface and at a low cost.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram in which the second electrode is formed by spraying instead of the slot nozzle. Except for the spray, the configuration is almost the same as in FIG.
  • a mask having the same shape as the first electrode pattern is installed. Should.
  • the first electrode is formed by increasing the slot nozzle speed, and the second electrode is effective in terms of performance because it can form a microporous on the electrode corresponding to the cathode by spraying.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view in which a first electrode 305 and a second electrode 305 ′ are formed on both sides of the electrolyte membrane 302, and a protective base material 348 is laminated on the second electrode.
  • a membrane / electrode assembly for a PEFC fuel cell can be manufactured at high speed and with high quality.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
PCT/JP2019/006126 2018-02-26 2019-02-19 燃料電池の膜電極アッセンブリーの製造方法 WO2019163783A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201980015184.XA CN111758178B (zh) 2018-02-26 2019-02-19 燃料电池的膜电极组件的制造方法
CN202110285447.8A CN113054227B (zh) 2018-02-26 2019-02-19 燃料电池的制造方法和燃料电池

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JP2018-032316 2018-02-26
JP2018032316A JP6984848B2 (ja) 2018-02-26 2018-02-26 燃料電池の膜電極アッセンブリーの製造方法

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JP6984848B2 (ja) * 2018-02-26 2021-12-22 エムテックスマート株式会社 燃料電池の膜電極アッセンブリーの製造方法
JP7395127B2 (ja) * 2019-08-23 2023-12-11 エムテックスマート株式会社 電池の製造方法及び電池
JP7075087B2 (ja) * 2021-02-09 2022-05-25 エムテックスマート株式会社 燃料電池の製造方法
JP7215697B2 (ja) * 2021-02-09 2023-01-31 エムテックスマート株式会社 燃料電池の製造装置
JP7223810B2 (ja) * 2021-06-10 2023-02-16 本田技研工業株式会社 接合体製造装置及び接合体製造方法
CN114196966B (zh) * 2021-12-03 2023-03-28 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Pem水电解用质子膜与ccm一体化制备方法及装置
JP2023093904A (ja) * 2021-12-23 2023-07-05 エムテックスマート株式会社 燃料電池の製造方法および燃料電池
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