WO2019137020A1 - 一种用于甲醛净化的过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于甲醛净化的过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2019137020A1
WO2019137020A1 PCT/CN2018/103173 CN2018103173W WO2019137020A1 WO 2019137020 A1 WO2019137020 A1 WO 2019137020A1 CN 2018103173 W CN2018103173 W CN 2018103173W WO 2019137020 A1 WO2019137020 A1 WO 2019137020A1
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transition metal
nitrogen
salt
doped carbon
preparation
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French (fr)
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纪红兵
丁俊杰
吕品田
刘逸朗
芮泽宝
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中山大学
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Priority to JP2019509535A priority Critical patent/JP6792055B2/ja
Priority to EP18852728.7A priority patent/EP3750626A4/en
Priority to US16/332,372 priority patent/US20210331140A1/en
Publication of WO2019137020A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019137020A1/zh

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of transition metal catalysts, and more particularly to a transition metal and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite material for formaldehyde purification and a preparation method thereof.
  • formaldehyde causes major diseases such as nasopharyngeal cancer. Prolonged exposure to low concentrations of formaldehyde can cause irritation to the eye and upper respiratory tract, as well as dry skin and other symptoms.
  • a large number of scientists have conducted extensive and in-depth research on the treatment of formaldehyde pollution.
  • the invention aims to overcome the problems of the existing formaldehyde purification catalyst, and provides a non-precious metal, a novel high-efficiency and low-cost formaldehyde purification catalyst.
  • a transition metal and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite for formaldehyde purification comprising a non-noble metal active component and a nitrogen-doped carbon carrier; the non-noble metal active component being a transition metal salt.
  • the transition metal salt is one or more of a nickel salt, a cobalt salt, an iron salt, and a manganese salt.
  • the preparation method of the above transition metal and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite material for formaldehyde purification comprises the following steps: (1) adding a transition metal salt solution to a nitrogen-containing organic substance solution, and heating and stirring to obtain a transition metal precursor; 2) After washing and vacuum drying, it is obtained by calcination under an inert atmosphere.
  • the transition metal precursor is an aqueous solution of one or more of a nitrate, a chloride salt, an acetate salt, and a sulfate salt of a transition metal.
  • the nitrogen-containing organic substance is one of an imidazole derivative and a urea derivative.
  • the mass ratio of the transition metal salt, the nitrogen-containing organic substance and water is from 1:1 to 100: 200 to 1000.
  • the reaction temperature of the transition metal salt solution and the nitrogen-containing organic solution is from 0 to 100 ° C, and the reaction time is from 1 to 36 h.
  • the inert atmosphere is one of a nitrogen gas, a helium gas, and an argon atmosphere.
  • the calcination temperature is 300-900 ° C, and the calcination time is 1-36. h.
  • the transition metal and nitrogen co-doped carbon composite material for formaldehyde purification of the invention has large specific surface area and strong formaldehyde adsorption and catalytic purification capability, and overcomes the harsh conditions required for conventional catalytic metal oxide to catalyze oxidation of formaldehyde. (such as high catalytic temperature, etc.), low cost, high catalytic efficiency at room temperature, long service life.
  • Figure 1 is a TEM image of the precursor of Example 1;
  • Example 2 is a TEM image of the catalyst obtained after calcination of Example 2.
  • non-precious metal catalyst for formaldehyde purification and the preparation method thereof according to the present invention are further described below in conjunction with some specific embodiments.
  • the specific embodiments are intended to describe the invention in further detail, without limiting the scope of the invention.
  • the methods and materials employed in the examples of the present invention are conventionally selected in the art unless otherwise specified.
  • the experiment was carried out in a fixed bed reactor with the following experimental conditions: room temperature ( ⁇ 30 ° C), oxygen 20%,
  • Nitrogen gas is 80%, formaldehyde gas is bubbled, and nitrogen is blown into the reaction system to control the formaldehyde concentration of the reactor inlet to 50 mg/m 3 and the reaction space velocity (GHSV) to be 30000 ml g -1 h -1 .
  • Table 1 shows.
  • Example 1 sample Room temperature formaldehyde conversion rate (%) Example 1 50.4 Example 2 95.7 Example 3 60.1 Example 4 81.3 Example 5 58.6 Example 6 37.9 Example 7 34.2 Example 8 45.8 Example 9 47.1 Example 10 96.7 Example 11 86.1 Comparative example 1 15.1

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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  • Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于甲醛净化的过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料及其制备方法,由非贵金属活性组分和氮掺杂碳载体组成;所述非贵金属活性组分为过渡金属盐。过渡金属盐为镍盐、钴盐、铁盐、锰盐中的一种或多种。本发明的用于甲醛净化的过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料具有大的比表面积和强的甲醛吸附与催化净化能力,克服了传统的过渡金属氧化物对甲醛催化氧化所需的苛刻条件(如很高的催化温度等),具有低成本、室温下催化效率高、使用寿命长等特点。

Description

一种用于甲醛净化的过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及过渡金属催化剂的技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种用于甲醛净化的过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料及其制备方法。
 
背景技术
随着社会经济水平不断提升,人们对家居环境的要求也越来越高,而多数家具、建材等却由于生产工艺不完善,在使用过程中会缓慢释放出危害人体健康的有机污染物,其中最主要的污染物之一即是甲醛。在高浓度条件下,甲醛会引起鼻咽癌等重大疾病。长期接触低浓度甲醛则会使眼部及上呼吸道受到刺激,同时还会导致皮肤干裂等症状。鉴于甲醛对人体健康产生的巨大危害,大量科学家对甲醛污染治理进行了广泛深入的研究。
因此,各种消除甲醛的方法应运而生。常见的有物理吸附法、植物法、等离子体法、光催化法、热催化法等。物理吸附法可短时间内达到满意效果但存在二次污染,且需定时更换吸附材料;植物法和光催化法效果有限,无法消除甲醛影响;等离子体法成本较高;热催化法能够高效去除甲醛且不存在二次污染,但通常需要掺杂贵金属来保证低温催化性能,由于贵金属储量低而成本高,此类催化剂的发展受到限制。因此,非贵金属催化剂的开发逐渐受到重视。近年来,科研人员尝试将非贵金属和氮掺杂碳载体结合,降低催化剂的成本,同时提升非贵金属催化剂的活性和稳定性。Zhang等(Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 417 (2016) 28–35)研究发现过渡金属-氮共掺杂石墨烯催化剂具备优异的CO低温催化氧化性能,甚至优于多种贵金属掺杂石墨烯催化剂。Shang等(Advanced Materials 8 (2016) 1668-1674)报道了一种过渡金属-氮共掺杂碳纳米框架,其氧还原性能也优于相同负载量下的商用Pt催化剂。但上述催化剂仍然存在制备工艺复杂,且未在甲醛净化领域得到有效利用。
技术问题
本发明旨在克服现有甲醛净化催化剂的问题,提供一种非贵金属、新型高效且低成本的甲醛净化催化剂。
 
技术解决方案
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下的技术方案:
一种用于甲醛净化的过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料,由非贵金属活性组分和氮掺杂碳载体组成;所述非贵金属活性组分为过渡金属盐。
作为优选的,在上述的用于甲醛净化的过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料中,所述过渡金属盐为镍盐、钴盐、铁盐、锰盐中的一种或多种。
上述用于甲醛净化的过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:(1)将过渡金属盐溶液加入到含氮有机物溶液中,加热搅拌后得到过渡金属前驱体;(2)洗涤、真空干燥后,在惰性气氛下煅烧得到。
作为优选的,在上述的制备方法中,所述过渡金属前驱体为过渡金属的硝酸盐、氯化盐、乙酸盐、硫酸盐中的一种或几种的水溶液。
作为优选的,在上述的制备方法中,所述含氮有机物为咪唑类衍生物、尿素类衍生物中的一种。
作为优选的,在上述的制备方法中,所述过渡金属盐、含氮有机物和水的质量比为1:1-100: 200-1000。
作为优选的,在上述的制备方法中,所述过渡金属盐溶液和含氮有机物溶液的反应温度为在0-100℃,反应时间为1-36 h。
作为优选的,在上述的制备方法中,所述惰性气氛为氮气、氦气、氩气气氛中的一种。
作为优选的,在上述的制备方法中,所述煅烧的温度为300-900℃,锻烧时间为1-36 h。
 
有益效果
本发明的用于甲醛净化的过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料具有大的比表面积和强的甲醛吸附与催化净化能力,克服了传统的过渡金属氧化物对甲醛催化氧化所需的苛刻条件(如很高的催化温度等),具有低成本、室温下催化效率高、使用寿命长等特点。
 
附图说明
图1为实施例1前驱体的TEM图;
图2为实施例2煅烧后所得催化剂的TEM图。
 
本发明的最佳实施方式
下面结合一些具体实施方式对本发明涉及的用于甲醛净化的非贵金属催化剂及其制备方法做进一步描述。具体实施例为进一步详细说明本发明,非限定本发明的保护范围。除非特别说明,本发明实施例采用的方法和原料均为本领域常规选择。
 
实施例1 过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料的制备
将0.45 g 硝酸钴固体、5 g二甲基咪唑固体和50 ml 水混匀,40℃下加热搅拌10 h,而后洗涤、真空干燥得到固体粉末。将制备的固体粉末在N 2气氛下300 ℃煅烧4h得到过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料。
实施例2过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料的制备
将0.9 g的硝酸钴固体、11g二甲基咪唑固体和100 ml水混匀,60℃搅拌30 h后,用甲醇洗涤,真空干燥得到固体粉末。将制备的固体粉末在Ar 气氛下500℃煅烧5h得到过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料。
实施例3过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料的制备
将0.9 g的硝酸钴固体、16g二甲基咪唑固体和150 ml水混匀,70℃加热搅拌2 h,而后洗涤、真空干燥得到固体粉末。将制备的固体粉末在N 2 气氛下600℃煅烧6h得到过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料。
实施例4过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料的制备
将0.9 g的硝酸钴固体、20g二甲基咪唑固体和200 ml水混匀, 50℃加热搅拌8h,而后洗涤、真空干燥得到固体粉末。将制备的固体粉末在空气气氛下600℃煅烧6h得到过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料。
实施例5过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料的制备
将0.9 g的硝酸镍固体、11g二甲基咪唑固体和100ml水混匀, 70℃加热搅拌2 h,而后洗涤、真空干燥得到固体粉末。将制备的固体粉末在N 2 气氛下600℃煅烧8h得到过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料。
实施例6过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料的制备
将0.9 g的硝酸铁固体、20g二甲基咪唑固体和150ml水混匀,80℃加热搅拌2 h,而后洗涤、真空干燥得到固体粉末。将制备的固体粉末在N 2 气氛下700℃煅烧10h得到过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料。
实施例7过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料的制备
将0.9 g的氯化锰固体、20g二甲基咪唑固体和150ml水混匀,80℃加热搅拌2 h,而后洗涤、真空干燥得到固体粉末。将制备的固体粉末在N 2 气氛下700℃煅烧10h得到过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料。
实施例8过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料的制备
将0.9 g的硝酸铈固体、20g二甲基咪唑固体和150ml水混匀,90℃加热搅拌4 h,而后洗涤、真空干燥得到固体粉末。将制备的固体粉末在N 2 气氛下700 ℃煅烧10h得到过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料。
实施例9过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料的制备
将0.9 g的硫酸镍固体、20g二甲基咪唑固体和150ml水混匀,80℃加热搅拌2 h,而后洗涤、真空干燥得到固体粉末。将制备的固体粉末在N 2 气氛下700 ℃煅烧10 h得到过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料。
实施例10过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料的制备
将0.5 g Co(NO 3) 2固体、0.5 g Ni(NO 3) 2固体和11 g 2-甲基咪唑固体溶于60 mL去离子水中,40℃搅拌5 h,而后洗涤、80℃干燥14 h得到固体粉末。将所得固体粉末在N 2气氛中600℃煅烧5 h得到最终产品。
实施例11过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料的制备
将0.7 g Co(NO 3) 2固体、0.2 g FeCl 2固体和6 g 2-甲基咪唑固体溶于70 mL去离子水中,70℃搅拌3 h,而后洗涤、75℃干燥18 h得到固体粉末。将所得固体粉末在N 2气氛中450℃煅烧6 h得到最终产品。
 
对比例1
将0.9 g的硝酸铈和4g尿素和150ml水混匀,在60℃下搅拌10h,而后洗涤、真空干燥得到固体粉末。将制备的固体粉末在N 2 气氛下700℃煅烧10h得到催化剂。
分别取200 mg 上述实施例和对比例所制备的催化剂,放置于管
式固定床反应器中进行实验,实验条件如下:室温(~30℃),氧气20 %,
氮气80 %,甲醛气体用鼓泡,由氮气吹入反应体系,控制反应器进口甲醛浓度为50 mg/m 3,反应空速(GHSV)为30000 ml g -1 h -1,活性评价结果如表1 所示。
表1 过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料的活性评价结果
样品 室温甲醛转化率(%)
实施例1 50.4
实施例2 95.7
实施例3 60.1
实施例4 81.3
实施例5 58.6
实施例6 37.9
实施例7 34.2
实施例8 45.8
实施例9 47.1
实施例10 96.7
实施例11 86.1
对比例1 15.1
由表1的测试结果可知,在本发明的制备方法和工艺条件下,制备得到的过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料的甲醛催化净化性能显著好于对比例的催化效果。
                                                                    
 

Claims (9)

  1. 一种用于甲醛净化的过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料,其特征在于:由非贵金属活性组分和氮掺杂碳载体组成;所述非贵金属活性组分为过渡金属盐。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于甲醛净化的过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料,其特征在于,所述过渡金属盐为镍盐、钴盐、铁盐、锰盐中的一种或多种。
  3. 权利要求1 所述用于甲醛净化的过渡金属和氮共掺杂碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:(1)将过渡金属盐溶液加入到含氮有机物溶液中,加热搅拌后得到过渡金属前驱体;(2)洗涤、真空干燥后,在惰性气氛下煅烧得到。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述过渡金属前驱体为过渡金属的硝酸盐、氯化盐、乙酸盐、硫酸盐中的一种或几种的水溶液。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含氮有机物为咪唑类衍生物、尿素类衍生物中的一种。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述过渡金属盐、含氮有机物和水的质量比为1:1-100: 200-1000。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述过渡金属盐溶液和含氮有机物溶液的反应温度为在0-100℃,反应时间为1-36 h。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述惰性气氛为氮气、氦气、氩气气氛中的一种。
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述煅烧的温度为300-900℃,锻烧时间为1-36 h。
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