WO2011065125A1 - 有害物質分解用炭素触媒、有害物質分解材及び有害物質分解方法 - Google Patents
有害物質分解用炭素触媒、有害物質分解材及び有害物質分解方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011065125A1 WO2011065125A1 PCT/JP2010/067238 JP2010067238W WO2011065125A1 WO 2011065125 A1 WO2011065125 A1 WO 2011065125A1 JP 2010067238 W JP2010067238 W JP 2010067238W WO 2011065125 A1 WO2011065125 A1 WO 2011065125A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carbon catalyst for decomposing harmful substances, a detrimental substance for decomposing substances, and a method for decomposing detrimental substances, and particularly to a carbon catalyst for decomposing detrimental substances such as aldehydes.
- methods for removing aldehydes include a method using a noble metal catalyst such as platinum, a method using activated carbon having a specific surface area increased by activation treatment, and a method using a photocatalyst.
- a noble metal catalyst such as platinum
- activated carbon having a specific surface area increased by activation treatment
- a photocatalyst a method using a photocatalyst.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method of decomposing and removing aldehydes using activated carbon supporting platinum.
- noble metals such as platinum are expensive and are limited by reserves, so noble metal catalysts are not always preferred as general-purpose catalysts.
- activated carbon having a large specific surface area is used, an activation process is necessary, and thus the operation must be complicated.
- activated carbon removes aldehydes by adsorption, when the activated carbon is repeatedly used, a process for regenerating the activated carbon is required.
- photocatalysts do not function in an environment without a light source.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a harmful substance decomposition carbon catalyst, a hazardous substance decomposition material, and a hazardous substance decomposition method that effectively decompose harmful substances such as aldehydes.
- a harmful substance decomposition carbon catalyst a hazardous substance decomposition material
- a hazardous substance decomposition method that effectively decompose harmful substances such as aldehydes.
- a carbon catalyst for decomposing harmful substances according to an embodiment of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is characterized by having a catalytic activity for decomposing harmful substances. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a carbon catalyst for decomposing harmful substances that effectively decomposes detrimental substances such as aldehydes.
- the harmful substance may be a malodorous substance.
- the harmful substance may be a volatile organic compound.
- the volatile organic compound may be aldehydes and oxides thereof.
- the malodorous substance may be a sulfur compound.
- the carbon catalyst for decomposing harmful substances may be a carbon catalyst obtained through carbonization of a raw material containing an organic substance and a metal.
- the raw material may further contain a carbon material.
- the metal may be a transition metal.
- a hazardous substance decomposition material includes any one of the above-described harmful substance decomposition carbon catalysts. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a hazardous substance decomposition material that effectively decomposes harmful substances such as aldehydes.
- a method for decomposing a harmful substance according to an embodiment of the present invention for solving the above-described problem is characterized by decomposing a harmful substance using any one of the above-mentioned carbon catalysts for decomposing a harmful substance or the hazardous substance decomposing material.
- disassembles harmful substances, such as aldehydes effectively can be provided.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a harmful substance decomposition carbon catalyst, a hazardous substance decomposition material, and a hazardous substance decomposition method that effectively decompose harmful substances such as aldehydes.
- the carbon catalyst for decomposition of harmful substances according to the present embodiment is a carbon catalyst having catalytic activity for decomposing harmful substances. That is, the present catalyst is composed of a carbonized material, and the carbonized material itself exhibits catalytic activity for decomposing harmful substances.
- the harmful substance decomposed by the catalyst may be a gas, or may be dissolved in water or another solvent.
- Malodorous substances include, for example, sulfur compounds that produce an odor of eggs, amines that produce body odors and excrement odors, carboxylic acids and aldehydes, alcohols that produce fermented odors, ketones and esters contained in paints, etc.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons can be mentioned.
- malodorous substances include, for example, sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, methyl sulfide, methyl disulfide, methyl mercaptan, and ethyl mercaptan, amines such as ammonia and trimethylamine, propionic acid, normal butyric acid, normal valeric acid, isopropanol.
- Carboxylic acids such as valeric acid, aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, normal butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, normal valeraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, alcohols such as isobutanol, ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone, Examples thereof include one or more selected from the group consisting of esters such as ethyl acetate, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, styrene and xylene, and ozone.
- esters such as ethyl acetate, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, styrene and xylene, and ozone.
- VOCs volatile organic compounds
- examples of harmful substances that are decomposed by the catalyst include volatile organic compounds (VOC).
- VOCs include aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, nonenal, and acrolein, carboxylic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, isovaleric acid, butyric acid, and (meth) acrylic acid, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1- Alcohols such as butanol, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, butyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, methyl formate, phthalic acid Esters such as dibutyl, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and fenocarb,
- the present catalyst is a carbon catalyst having catalytic activity for decomposing aldehydes and their oxides, for example. More specifically, the present catalyst is a carbon catalyst having catalytic activity for decomposing one or more selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, formic acid and acetic acid.
- this catalyst is a carbon catalyst which has the catalytic activity which decomposes
- the catalyst may be a carbon catalyst that does not substantially adsorb harmful substances such as aldehydes. That is, the present catalyst does not adsorb and remove harmful substances such as aldehydes but decomposes and purifies them.
- the catalyst is, for example, a carbon catalyst that has a catalytic activity for decomposing harmful substances such as aldehydes and does not substantially adsorb harmful substances such as aldehydes. Since the present catalyst has a catalytic activity for decomposing harmful substances such as aldehydes, there is no breakthrough due to adsorption, and there is no problem of re-releasing the adsorbed substance.
- this catalyst can decompose harmful substances even in a relatively low temperature environment. That is, the present catalyst can decompose harmful substances such as aldehydes at, for example, 0 ° C. or higher. More specifically, the temperature at which the catalyst decomposes harmful substances can be, for example, 0 ° C. or more and 300 ° C. or less, 0 ° C. or more and 100 ° C. or less, 0 ° C. or more, 40 ° C. It can also be as follows.
- the catalyst can be a carbon catalyst obtained by carbonization of a raw material containing an organic substance and a metal.
- This organic substance is not particularly limited as long as it can be carbonized (can be used as a carbon source), and any one or more kinds can be used.
- the organic substance for example, one or both of a high molecular weight organic compound (for example, a resin such as a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin) and a low molecular weight organic compound can be used. Further, for example, biomass such as plant waste material can be used.
- a high molecular weight organic compound for example, a resin such as a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin
- a low molecular weight organic compound for example, a high molecular weight organic compound (for example, a resin such as a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin) and a low molecular weight organic compound can be used.
- biomass such as plant waste material can be used.
- an organic substance containing nitrogen can be preferably used as the organic substance.
- the organic substance containing nitrogen is not particularly limited as long as it contains an organic compound containing a nitrogen atom in the molecule, and any one kind or two or more kinds can be used.
- a ligand capable of coordinating with a metal can be preferably used. That is, in this case, an organic compound containing one or more coordination atoms in the molecule is used. More specifically, for example, as a coordination atom, an organic compound containing one or more selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom in the molecule can be used. . Further, for example, an organic compound containing one or more selected from the group consisting of an amino group, a phosphino group, a carboxyl group, and a thiol group in the molecule can also be used as a coordination group.
- examples of the organic compound include pyrrole, vinyl pyridine, imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, aniline, polysulfone, polyaminobismaleimide, polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, polybenzimidazole, polyamide, and polyether.
- esters, polymethacrylic acid, phenolic resins, melamine resins, epoxy resins, furan resins, polyamideimide resins, and polyacrylonitrile can be used.
- biomass such as waste wood
- food industry waste such as coffee grounds, tea grounds, beer squeezed rice bran, rice bran, etc.
- wood-based waste such as forest residue, building waste, and household waste such as sewage sludge. 1 type (s) or 2 or more types selected from the group which consists of can be used.
- the organic substance may further contain, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of boron, phosphorus, oxygen, and sulfur as a component that improves the activity of the catalyst.
- the metal contained in the raw material is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the activity of the catalyst, and any one or two or more kinds can be used.
- This metal can be, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of Groups 3 to 16 of the periodic table.
- Group 3A Group 3) element, Group 4A (Group 4) element, Group 5A (Group 5) element, Group 6A (Group 6) element, Group 7A (Group 7) element, Group 8 (Group 8) , Group 9 and 10) element, Group 1B (Group 11) element, Group 2B (Group 12) element, Group 3B (Group 13) element, Group 4B (Group 14) element, Group 5B (Group 15) element and 6B 1 type (s) or 2 or more types selected from the group which consists of a group (group 16) element can be used.
- transition metals Group 3 to Group 12 of the periodic table
- transition metal a metal belonging to Group 4 to Group 4 of the periodic table can be preferably used.
- the metal can be used as a simple substance of the metal or a compound of the metal.
- the metal compound for example, metal salts, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal nitrides, metal sulfides, metal carbonides, metal complexes can be used, and metal salts, metal oxides, metal sulfides can be used.
- a metal complex can be preferably used.
- a metal complex is formed in the raw material.
- the raw material of the catalyst described above can further contain a carbon material. That is, in this case, the catalyst is a carbon catalyst obtained by carbonization of a raw material containing an organic substance, a metal, and a carbon material.
- the carbon material contained in the raw material is not particularly limited as long as the whole or a part of the carbon material is carbonized, and any one type or two or more types can be used. That is, as this carbon material, for example, a carbon material or a natural mineral obtained by carbonizing biomass such as an organic compound or waste material at a predetermined temperature and having no catalytic activity by itself can be used.
- lignite for example, selected from the group consisting of lignite, peat, bean, graphite, coke, activated carbon, carbon black, carbon nanotube, carbon nanohorn, carbon fiber, and carbon fibril 1 type, or 2 or more types can be used.
- the carbonization of the raw material is performed by heating the raw material containing at least the organic substance and the metal as described above and holding the raw material at a predetermined temperature (carbonization temperature) at which the raw material can be carbonized.
- the carbonization temperature is not particularly limited as long as the raw material can be carbonized, and can be, for example, 300 ° C. or higher. More specifically, the carbonization temperature can be, for example, 300 ° C. or higher and 1500 ° C. or lower, preferably 400 ° C. or higher and 1200 ° C. or lower, more preferably 500 ° C. or higher and 1100 ° C. or lower. It can be.
- the heating rate at the time of heating the raw material to the carbonization temperature is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 0.5 ° C./min or more and 300 ° C./min or less.
- the time for holding the raw material at the carbonization temperature is not particularly limited as long as the raw material can be carbonized, and can be, for example, 5 minutes or longer. More specifically, the carbonization time can be, for example, 5 minutes or more and 240 minutes or less, preferably 20 minutes or more and 180 minutes or less.
- Carbonization is preferably performed under an inert gas such as nitrogen (for example, under the flow of an inert gas).
- the present catalyst can be obtained as a carbonized material generated by carbonization of such a raw material. Moreover, this catalyst can also be what grind
- the method for pulverizing the carbonized material is not particularly limited, and for example, a pulverizing apparatus such as a ball mill or a bead mill can be used.
- the average particle size of the catalyst after pulverization can be, for example, 1000 ⁇ m or less, preferably 150 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 45 ⁇ m or less.
- the present catalyst may be one obtained by introducing (doping) nitrogen atoms into a carbonized material obtained by carbonization of a raw material.
- a gas phase doping method such as an ammoxidation method or a CVD method
- a liquid phase doping method or a gas phase-liquid phase doping method
- a nitrogen source such as ammonia, melamine, or acetonitrile is mixed with a carbonized material, and the resulting mixture is heated to a temperature of 550 ° C. or higher and 1200 ° C. or lower in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen, argon, or helium.
- nitrogen atoms can be introduced into the surface of the carbonized material.
- activation treatment such as steam activation, carbon dioxide activation, phosphoric acid activation, alkali activation, hydrogen activation, ammonia activation, nitric oxide activation, electrolytic activation, and / or nitric acid oxidation, mixed acid oxidation, Liquid phase oxidation such as hydrogen peroxide oxidation can also be performed.
- the present catalyst may be a carbon catalyst obtained by subjecting a raw material carbonized material containing an organic substance and a metal to a metal removal treatment. That is, in this case, the present catalyst can be obtained by subjecting a carbonized material obtained by carbonizing a raw material containing an organic substance and a metal to a metal removal treatment.
- the metal removal treatment is a treatment for removing metal contained in the carbonized material obtained by carbonization of the raw material.
- the metal removal treatment is not particularly limited as long as the metal contained in the carbonized material can be removed or the amount of the metal can be reduced.
- washing treatment with an acid, electrolytic treatment, electrodialysis, and the like can be performed. it can.
- the acid used for the acid treatment is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the metal removal treatment can be obtained, and any one kind or two or more kinds can be used. That is, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid (for example, concentrated hydrochloric acid), nitric acid (for example, concentrated nitric acid), and sulfuric acid (for example, concentrated sulfuric acid) can be used.
- hydrochloric acid for example, concentrated hydrochloric acid
- nitric acid for example, concentrated nitric acid
- sulfuric acid for example, concentrated sulfuric acid
- a mixed acid prepared by mixing concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid at a predetermined volume ratio for example, aqua regia
- concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid A mixed acid prepared by mixing at a volume ratio can be used.
- the acid treatment method for example, a method of dipping and holding the carbonized material in an acid-containing solution can be used.
- the carbonized material can be held in a boiled acid solution.
- the present catalyst may be a carbon catalyst obtained by subjecting a raw material carbonized material containing an organic substance and a metal to a metal removal treatment and a heat treatment. Moreover, this catalyst can also be made into the carbon catalyst obtained by performing the acid treatment and heat processing to the raw material carbonization material containing an organic substance and a metal. That is, in these cases, the present catalyst performs the above-described metal removal treatment (for example, acid treatment) on the carbonized material obtained by carbonizing a raw material containing an organic substance and a metal, and further performs a heat treatment. Can be obtained.
- the above-described metal removal treatment for example, acid treatment
- This heat treatment is performed by holding the carbonized material that has been subjected to the metal removal treatment as described above at a predetermined temperature (heat treatment temperature).
- the heat treatment temperature can be, for example, 300 ° C. or higher, and can be 400 ° C. or higher. More specifically, the heat treatment temperature can be, for example, 300 ° C. or more and 1500 ° C. or less, preferably 400 ° C. or more and 1400 ° C. or less, more preferably 500 ° C. or more and 1300 ° C. or less. can do.
- the heat treatment temperature can be the same temperature as the carbonization temperature described above, or can be a different temperature. That is, the heat treatment temperature can be set to a temperature equal to or lower than the carbonization temperature, for example, and can be set to a temperature lower than the carbonization temperature. Further, the heat treatment temperature can be higher than the carbonization temperature.
- the heat treatment temperature is 300 ° C. or higher and 1000 ° C. or lower and is equal to or lower than the carbonization temperature or lower than the carbonization temperature. It can be temperature.
- the rate of temperature rise when the carbonized material is heated to the heat treatment temperature and the time during which the carbonized material is held at the heat treatment temperature (heat treatment time) can be the same as in the above-described carbonization.
- the heat treatment is preferably performed under an inert gas such as nitrogen (for example, under the flow of an inert gas).
- the metal removal treatment and the heat treatment can be repeated twice or more.
- the catalyst may be obtained by pulverizing a carbonized material that has been subjected to metal removal treatment and heat treatment.
- the present catalyst may be a carbon catalyst obtained by subjecting a raw material carbonized material containing an organic substance and a metal to metal impregnation treatment and heat treatment. That is, in this case, the present catalyst can be obtained by subjecting a carbonized material obtained by carbonizing a raw material containing an organic substance and a metal to metal impregnation treatment and further heat treatment.
- the metal impregnation treatment is a treatment of impregnating a metal into the carbonized material obtained by carbonization of the raw material as described above.
- the metal impregnated in the carbonized material is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the activity of the catalyst, and any one or two or more kinds can be used.
- the metal can be, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of groups 3 to 16 of the periodic table.
- a metal a transition metal (Group 3 to Group 12 of the periodic table) can be preferably used, for example.
- a metal belonging to the fourth period, the fifth period, or the sixth period of Groups 3 to 12 of the periodic table can be preferably used.
- one or more selected from the group consisting of titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, lanthanum, cerium, and tantalum are preferable.
- One or two or more selected from the group consisting of titanium, iron, zirconium, ruthenium and cerium can be used more preferably.
- the carbonized material can be impregnated with a different kind of metal from the metal contained in the raw material used in the above-mentioned carbonization. That is, for example, aluminum, silicon, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, indium, tin, lanthanum, cerium, tantalum, lead, or titanium
- the carbonized material can be impregnated with one or more selected from the group consisting of iron, zirconium, ruthenium and cerium, and different from the metal contained in the raw material.
- the metal can be used as a simple substance of the metal or a compound of the metal.
- the metal compound for example, metal salts, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal nitrides, metal sulfides, metal carbonides, metal complexes can be used, and metal salts, metal oxides, metal sulfides can be used.
- a metal complex can be preferably used.
- the method of impregnating the carbonized material with the metal is not particularly limited as long as at least the surface of the carbonized material can be impregnated with the metal.
- the carbonized material is put into a solution containing the metal. Contacting methods can be used.
- the carbonized material can be impregnated with the metal.
- the carbonized material can be retained in the boiled metal-containing solution.
- an acidic solution can also be used as a metal containing solution.
- the pH of the metal-containing solution can be set to 1 or more and 6 or less, for example.
- the subsequent heat treatment is performed by holding the carbonized material impregnated with the metal at a predetermined temperature as described above.
- the heat treatment after the metal impregnation treatment can be performed in the same manner as the heat treatment after the metal removal treatment described above.
- the metal impregnation treatment and the heat treatment can be repeated twice or more.
- the catalyst may be obtained by pulverizing a carbonized material that has been subjected to metal impregnation treatment and heat treatment.
- the hazardous substance decomposition material according to the present embodiment is a material including the above-described harmful substance decomposition carbon catalyst (the present catalyst). That is, this decomposition material contains this catalyst as a catalyst which decomposes
- the present decomposition material includes, for example, a carrier and the present catalyst supported on the carrier. That is, the present decomposition material can include, for example, a resin carrier and the present catalyst supported on the surface and inside of the resin carrier. Moreover, this decomposition material can contain the fiber carrier and this catalyst carry
- the decomposition material can be a molded body of a mixture of resin and catalyst, for example.
- the resin is melted or dissolved with a solvent, and then the catalyst is dispersed in the resin. Then, the obtained mixture is molded into a predetermined shape, thereby forming the decomposition material as a molded body of the mixture. Obtainable.
- the present decomposition material can include, for example, an inorganic material carrier and the present catalyst supported on the inorganic material carrier.
- the method for supporting the present catalyst on the inorganic material carrier is not particularly limited, and the present decomposed material can be produced by, for example, fusion with a resin, surface treatment, hybridization, or the like.
- this decomposition material can contain the filter (for example, honeycomb-shaped filter) and this catalyst with which the said filter was filled, for example.
- the present decomposition material can be a molded body of a mixture of an inorganic material and the present catalyst, for example.
- the inorganic material and the catalyst or a precursor of the catalyst are preliminarily molded as a mixture to which a binder is added as necessary, and the obtained preform is fired to thereby form the inorganic material.
- the present decomposition material can be obtained as a sintered body containing the catalyst and the present catalyst.
- an inorganic material for example, ceramics such as alumina and cordierite, tile, and glass can be used.
- a metal can also be used as the carrier.
- the shape of the molded body is not particularly limited.
- this decomposition material can also be used as a powder, slurry, a coating material, cake, paper, a textile fabric, a knitted fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a filter, a coating sheet, a multilayer body, gel, an ionic gel, an ionic liquid gel, for example.
- the hazardous substance decomposition method according to the present embodiment uses the above-described harmful substance decomposition carbon catalyst (the present catalyst) or the harmful substance decomposition material (the present decomposed material), It is a method of decomposing harmful substances.
- the catalyst or the decomposition material is brought into contact with a fluid (gas or liquid) containing a harmful substance to be removed.
- a fluid gas or liquid
- the present catalyst or the present decomposition material is brought into contact with a gas containing VOC or a gas containing a sulfur compound.
- VOC include aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and nonenal, carboxylic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid and isovaleric acid, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, phenol, styrene and benzene, as described above.
- examples of the sulfur compound include one or more selected from the group consisting of hydrogen sulfide, methyl sulfide, methyl disulfide, methyl mercaptan, and ethyl mercaptan as described above.
- the catalyst or the decomposition material is brought into contact with a liquid containing a harmful substance.
- a liquid include an aqueous solution (formalin) containing formaldehyde and an aqueous solution containing ozone. Therefore, this catalyst or this decomposition material can be used as a water purification material, for example.
- the solvent is not limited to water as long as it can dissolve harmful substances.
- Such a catalyst, the present decomposition material and the present method can effectively decompose harmful substances such as aldehydes. That is, the present catalyst itself can decompose harmful substances such as aldehydes alone without being combined with a noble metal catalyst such as platinum. Therefore, this catalyst and this decomposition material are highly versatile as an inexpensive catalyst for decomposing harmful substances or decomposing substances.
- the present catalyst can be produced without performing such activation treatment. Furthermore, since this catalyst removes harmful substances such as aldehydes not by adsorption but by decomposition, it can be used repeatedly without performing regeneration treatment.
- the present catalyst can effectively decompose harmful substances such as aldehydes by the carbon structure itself even in an environment without a light source (for example, under light shielding).
- an air purifier for example, an air purifier installed in a car, a tunnel, an aseptic room, a warehouse, or a toilet
- an air purifier filter for deodorization before delivery, floor mats, etc.
- exhaust gas purification equipment for automobiles for example, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde
- exhaust gas purification equipment for fuel cells painting work curing sheet, tobacco odor removal filter, mask, wall material, wallpaper, Ceiling materials, floor materials, furniture, self-cleaning materials, daily necessities, sponges, slippers, hand wipes, ventilation fan filters, oil stoves, gas stoves, sensors, refrigerators, decorative plates, catalytic combustion devices, protective seat covers, tapes, ozone removal Image forming devices such as devices, dehumidifiers, vegetable fiber boards, rubber compositions, and copiers (for example, discharged from toner) VOC removal), information processing equipment such as computers, filter media, gas masks, packing
- examples of the location where the catalyst or the decomposed material is used include, for example, indoors, automobiles, exhaust gas lines from internal combustion engines, transportation equipment, analytical equipment, ships, airplanes, rail cars, facility construction sites, petrochemical plants , Chemical industrial plant, food industrial plant, hydrogen production reformer, roof, outer wall, tunnel, soil, seawater, purified water, sewage.
- this mixture was heated in the air, and the temperature was raised from room temperature to 150 ° C. over 30 minutes, and then the temperature was raised from 150 ° C. to 220 ° C. over 2 hours. Thereafter, the mixture was held at 220 ° C. for 3 hours to infusibilize the mixture.
- the raw material for the carbonized material was prepared.
- the material was carbonized. Specifically, the infusibilized raw material as described above was placed in a quartz tube, purged with nitrogen for 20 minutes in an image furnace, and heated from room temperature to 900 ° C. over 18 minutes. Thereafter, this raw material was held at 900 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a carbonized material.
- this carbonized material was pulverized. That is, 10 cycles of zirconia balls having a diameter of 10 mm were set in a planetary ball mill (P-7, manufactured by Fritsch Japan Co., Ltd.), and the carbonized material was pulverized for 5 minutes at a rotational speed of 650 rpm by the planetary ball mill for 10 cycles. Thereafter, the pulverized carbonized material was taken out, and a carbonized material that passed through a sieve having an aperture of 106 ⁇ m was obtained as a pulverized particulate carbon catalyst 1 (PCo).
- PCo pulverized particulate carbon catalyst 1
- Carbon catalyst 2 (PCoAW)
- metal removal treatment acid treatment
- 100 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to 1 g of carbon catalyst 1 (PCo) and stirred for 1 hour.
- 100 mL of a solution prepared by mixing concentrated hydrochloric acid and distilled water at 1: 1 (volume ratio) was added and stirred for 1 hour.
- 100 mL of distilled water was added and stirred for 1 hour.
- the solution containing the carbon catalyst was filtered using a filtration membrane (pore size: 1.0 ⁇ m, manufactured by Millipore), and washed with distilled water until the filtrate became neutral.
- the collected carbon catalyst was vacuum-dried at 60 ° C. for 12 hours. Furthermore, the dried carbon catalyst was pulverized in a mortar.
- heat treatment was performed. That is, the carbon catalyst subjected to the metal removal treatment as described above was placed in a quartz tube, purged with nitrogen for 20 minutes in an image furnace, and heated from room temperature to 700 ° C. over 14 minutes. Thereafter, the carbon catalyst was held at 700 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the carbon catalyst after this heat treatment was pulverized. That is, a process in which a zirconia ball having a diameter of 10 mm was set in a planetary ball mill and the carbon catalyst was pulverized for 5 minutes at a rotational speed of 450 rpm by the planetary ball mill was performed for 4 cycles. Thereafter, the pulverized carbon catalyst was taken out, and a carbon catalyst that passed through a sieve having an aperture of 106 ⁇ m was obtained as pulverized particulate carbon catalyst 2 (PCoAW).
- PCoAW pulverized particulate carbon catalyst 2
- Carbon catalyst 3 (PCoFeAW)
- metal impregnation treatment was performed on the carbon catalyst 1 (PCo) obtained as described above. That is, 2 g of iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl 3 .6H 2 O) was added to 300 mL of distilled water to prepare an iron-containing solution, and 2 g of carbon catalyst 1 (PCo) was added to the iron-containing solution. And boiled. Then, the carbon catalyst was impregnated with iron for 3 hours with stirring in the boiling iron-containing solution. Thereafter, the solution containing the carbon catalyst was filtered using a filtration membrane (pore size: 1.0 ⁇ m, manufactured by Millipore), and washed with distilled water until the filtrate became neutral. The collected carbon catalyst was vacuum-dried at 60 ° C. for 12 hours. Furthermore, the dried carbon catalyst was pulverized in a mortar.
- the carbon catalyst after this heat treatment was pulverized. That is, a process in which a zirconia ball having a diameter of 10 mm was set in a planetary ball mill and the carbon catalyst was pulverized for 5 minutes at a rotational speed of 450 rpm by the planetary ball mill was performed for 4 cycles. Thereafter, the pulverized carbon catalyst was taken out, and a carbon catalyst that passed through a sieve having an aperture of 106 ⁇ m was obtained as a pulverized fine particle carbon catalyst (PCoFe).
- PCoFe pulverized fine particle carbon catalyst
- the carbon catalyst (PCoFe) thus obtained was subjected to metal removal treatment (acid treatment). That is, 100 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to 1 g of a carbon catalyst (PCoFe) and stirred for 1 hour. Next, after precipitating the carbon catalyst and removing the solution, 100 mL of a solution prepared by mixing concentrated hydrochloric acid and distilled water at 1: 1 (volume ratio) was added and stirred for 1 hour. After the carbon catalyst was precipitated and the solution was removed, 100 mL of distilled water was added and stirred for 1 hour.
- the solution containing the carbon catalyst was filtered using a filtration membrane (pore size: 1.0 ⁇ m, manufactured by Millipore), and washed with distilled water until the filtrate became neutral.
- the collected carbon catalyst was vacuum-dried at 60 ° C. for 12 hours. Furthermore, the dried carbon catalyst was pulverized in a mortar.
- heat treatment was performed. That is, the carbon catalyst subjected to the metal removal treatment as described above was placed in a quartz tube, purged with nitrogen for 20 minutes in an image furnace, and heated from room temperature to 700 ° C. over 14 minutes. Thereafter, the carbon catalyst was held at 700 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the carbon catalyst after this heat treatment was pulverized. That is, a process in which a zirconia ball having a diameter of 10 mm was set in a planetary ball mill and the carbon catalyst was pulverized for 5 minutes at a rotational speed of 450 rpm by the planetary ball mill was performed for 4 cycles. Thereafter, the pulverized carbon catalyst was taken out, and a carbon catalyst that passed through a sieve having an aperture of 106 ⁇ m was obtained as pulverized fine particle carbon catalyst 3 (PCoFeAW).
- PCoFeAW pulverized fine particle carbon catalyst 3
- the material was carbonized. That is, the raw material obtained as described above was placed in a quartz tube, purged with nitrogen for 20 minutes in an image furnace, and heated from room temperature to 900 ° C. over 90 minutes. Thereafter, this raw material was held at 900 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a carbonized material.
- the carbonized material was pulverized with a mortar. Thereafter, the pulverized carbonized material was taken out, and a carbonized material that passed through a sieve having an aperture of 106 ⁇ m was obtained as pulverized fine particle carbon catalyst 4 (CFCo).
- the raw material obtained as described above was put in a quartz tube, purged with nitrogen for 20 minutes in a tubular furnace, and heated from room temperature to 900 ° C. over 90 minutes by heating in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thereafter, this raw material was held at 900 ° C. for 1 hour. In this way, the raw material was carbonized.
- the carbon material thus obtained was pulverized with a mortar. Thereafter, the pulverized carbon material was taken out and passed through a sieve having an aperture of 106 ⁇ m. And the carbon material which passed the sieve was obtained as the pulverized particulate carbon catalyst 5 (AGBCo).
- the material was carbonized. That is, the raw material obtained as described above was placed in a quartz tube, purged with nitrogen for 20 minutes in an image furnace, and heated from room temperature to 900 ° C. over 90 minutes. Thereafter, this raw material was held at 900 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a carbonized material.
- the carbonized material was pulverized with a mortar. Thereafter, the pulverized carbonized material was taken out, and a carbonized material that passed through a sieve having an aperture of 106 ⁇ m was obtained as a pulverized fine particle carbon catalyst 6 (AASCo).
- AASCo pulverized fine particle carbon catalyst 6
- the block-shaped molded product was carbonized. That is, the molded product obtained as described above was placed in a quartz tube, purged with nitrogen for 20 minutes in an image furnace, and heated from room temperature to 900 ° C. over 90 minutes. Thereafter, this molded product was held at 900 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a block-shaped sintered body (a composite of alumina and carbon catalyst 1) as an alumina / carbon catalyst (A / PCo).
- a decomposition test of formaldehyde was performed using the carbon catalysts 1 to 6 and the alumina / carbon catalyst obtained as described above. That is, 100 mg of carbon catalyst 1-6 or 200 mg of alumina / carbon catalyst was placed in a Tedlar bag at 25 ° C., and 5 L of air containing formaldehyde at a concentration of 1000 ppm was injected into the Tedlar bag.
- the concentration of formaldehyde in the Tedlar bag and the concentration of carbon dioxide generated by the decomposition of the formaldehyde were measured.
- the formaldehyde concentration was measured with a formaldehyde detector tube (manufactured by Gastec Co., Ltd.).
- the concentration of carbon dioxide was measured by gas chromatography (GC-2014, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) and obtained as a value obtained by subtracting the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (outside of the Tedlar bag) from the measured value.
- FIG. 1 shows the formaldehyde (HCHO) concentration (ppm) and the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration after 24 hours for each of the carbon catalysts 1 to 6, alumina / carbon catalyst (A / PCo), and comparative materials 1 and 2.
- Ppm formaldehyde decomposition rate (%), formaldehyde disappearance rate (%), and formaldehyde adsorption rate (%).
- the formaldehyde decomposition rates of the carbon catalysts 1 to 6 and the alumina / carbon catalyst were 75 to 100%. That is, it was confirmed that all of the carbon catalysts 1 to 6 and the alumina / carbon catalyst have excellent aldehyde decomposition activity.
- the formaldehyde adsorption rates of the carbon catalysts 1 to 6 and the alumina / carbon catalyst were only 0 to 12%.
- Example 2 using the carbon catalyst 1 (PCo) and the comparative material 1 (AC), the same aldehyde decomposition test as in Example 1 was repeated. Specifically, first, air containing formaldehyde at a concentration of 1000 ppm is injected into a Tedlar bag containing carbon catalyst 1 (PCo) or comparative material 1 (AC), and the concentrations of formaldehyde and carbon dioxide after 24 hours are measured. Then, the gas in the Tedlar bag was removed.
- PCo carbon catalyst 1
- AC comparative material 1
- FIG. 2 shows the formaldehyde concentration (ppm), carbon dioxide concentration (ppm), and formaldehyde decomposition rate (%) after 24 hours in the test for each number of repetitions for the carbon catalyst 1 (PCo) and the comparative material 1 (AC). , Formaldehyde disappearance rate (%) and formaldehyde adsorption rate (%).
- the gas in the Tedlar bag was sampled every predetermined time, and the formaldehyde concentration in the sampled gas was measured with a formaldehyde detector tube (manufactured by Gastec Co., Ltd.).
- formaldehyde residual rate (%) (formaldehyde concentration at each sampling time (ppm) / initial formaldehyde concentration (ppm)) ⁇ 100.
- FIG. 3 The results of the aldehyde decomposition test are shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis indicates the time (h) from the start of the test, and the vertical axis indicates the formaldehyde residual rate (%).
- circles indicate results when carbon catalyst 1 (PCo) is used under light shielding
- triangles indicate results when photocatalyst is used under light shielding
- squares indicate results when photocatalyst is used under UV irradiation. The result of the case is shown.
- the aldehyde decomposition rate of the carbon catalyst 1 (PCo) under light shielding was larger than that of the photocatalyst under UV irradiation. That is, it was confirmed that the carbon catalyst 1 (PCo) has an excellent aldehyde decomposition activity as compared with the photocatalyst.
- carbon catalyst 1 (PCo) and comparative material 1 (AC) are used except that hydrogen sulfide is used instead of formaldehyde as the gas injected into the Tedlar bag, and the initial concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the Tedlar bag is 500 ppm.
- the hydrogen sulfide decomposition test was repeated. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide was measured by sampling the gas in the Tedlar bag every predetermined time and measuring the hydrogen sulfide concentration in the sampled gas with a hydrogen sulfide detector tube (manufactured by Gastec Co., Ltd.).
- FIG. 4 shows the hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) concentration (ppm) and hydrogen sulfide disappearance rate (%) after 24 hours in the test of each number of repetitions for the carbon catalyst 1 (PCo) and the comparative material 1 (AC). Is shown.
- HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- This HPLC analyzer was equipped with an HPLC column (Atlantis T3 5 ⁇ m 4.6 ⁇ 150 mm column, manufactured by Waters) and a detector (2414 RI, manufactured by Waters).
- the sample injection volume was 10 ⁇ L, water was used as the mobile phase, and the flow rate was 1 mL / min.
- FIG. 5 shows a chromatogram obtained by HPLC analysis. As shown in FIG. 5, in the untreated formalin, a large peak derived from formaldehyde was detected, whereas in the formalin treated with the carbon catalyst 1, the peak derived from formaldehyde disappeared and newly reacted. A peak believed to be derived from the product appeared.
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Abstract
Description
1.5gのポリアクリロニトリル-ポリメタクリル酸共重合体(PAN/PMA)を30mLのジメチルホルムアミドに溶解させた後、さらに1.5gの2-メチルイミダゾールと、1.5gの塩化コバルト六水和物(CoCl2・6H2O)(関東化学株式会社製)と、を加え、室温で2時間攪拌した。こうして得られた混合物に、ケッチェンブラック(ECP600JD、ライオン株式会社製)を、原料に含有される固形分あたり30重量%となるように加え、乳鉢を用いて混合した。得られた混合物を、60℃で12時間、真空乾燥した。
まず、上述のようにして得られた炭素触媒1(PCo)に金属除去処理(酸処理)を施した。すなわち、1gの炭素触媒1(PCo)に100mLの濃塩酸を加え、1時間攪拌した。次いで、炭素触媒を沈殿させ、溶液を除去した後、濃塩酸と蒸留水とを1:1(体積比)で混合した溶液を100mL加え、1時間攪拌した。炭素触媒を沈殿させ、溶液を除去した後、蒸留水を100mL加え、1時間攪拌した。この炭素触媒を含有する溶液を、ろ過膜(孔径1.0μm、Millipore製)を使用してろ過し、ろ液が中性になるまで蒸留水で洗浄した。回収された炭素触媒を60℃で12時間、真空乾燥させた。さらに、乾燥した炭素触媒を乳鉢で粉砕した。
まず、上述のようにして得られた炭素触媒1(PCo)に金属含浸処理を施した。すなわち、300mLの蒸留水に2gの塩化鉄(III)六水和物(FeCl3・6H2O)を加えて鉄含有溶液を調製し、当該鉄含有溶液に、2gの炭素触媒1(PCo)を加え、沸騰させた。そして、沸騰中の鉄含有溶液中で攪拌しながら3時間、炭素触媒に鉄を含浸させた。その後、ろ過膜(孔径1.0μm、Millipore製)を使用して、炭素触媒を含む溶液をろ過し、ろ液が中性になるまで蒸留水で洗浄した。回収された炭素触媒を60℃で12時間、真空乾燥させた。さらに、乾燥した炭素触媒を乳鉢で粉砕した。
1gのコーヒー出し殻粉末(有限会社燦有機研究所)、1gのコハク酸ジヒドラジド(株式会社日本ファインケム製)、1gの塩化コバルト六水和物(CoCl2・6H2O)を10mLの蒸留水に混合溶解し、得られた溶液を100℃で12時間、乾燥させた。さらに、この乾燥により得られた原料を乳鉢で粉砕した。
5gの黒鉛AG.B(伊藤黒鉛工業株式会社製)、5gのコハク酸ジヒドラジド(株式会社日本ファインケム製)、5gの塩化コバルト六水和物(CoCl2・6H2O)を50mLの蒸留水に混合溶解した。こうして得られた溶液を100℃で12時間、乾燥させ、さらに乳鉢で粉砕して、原料を得た。
1gの黒鉛AG.B(伊藤黒鉛工業株式会社製)、5gの20重量%ポリアクリルアミド系紙力剤(星光PMC株式会社製)、1gの硫酸コバルト七水和物(CoSO4・7H2O)を混合し、得られた粘調溶液を80℃で12時間、乾燥させた。
上述のようにして得られた炭素触媒1(PCo)2.5g、α-アルミナ(α-Al2O3、和光純薬工業株式会社製)2.5g、バインダー(48%SBR(スチレンブタジエンゴム)水分散液、JSR株式会社製)0.40g、増粘剤(2%CMC(カルボキシメチルセルロース)水溶液、ダイセル化学工業株式会社製)4.48g、及び蒸留水1gを乳鉢で混合し、得られた混合物を100℃で乾燥させブロック状に成形した。
上述のようにして得られた炭素触媒1~6及びアルミナ/炭素触媒を使用して、ホルムアルデヒドの分解試験を行った。すなわち、100mgの炭素触媒1~6又は200mgのアルミナ/炭素触媒を25℃でテドラーバッグ中に収納するとともに、当該テドラーバッグに、ホルムアルデヒドを1000ppmの濃度で含有する空気5Lを注入した。
上述の実施例1でアルデヒド分解試験に使用した炭素触媒1(PCo)及び比較材料1(AC)について、繰り返し使用におけるアルデヒド分解(除去)能を評価した。
上述の実施例1で得られた炭素触媒1(PCo)のアルデヒド分解活性を光触媒のそれと比較した。すなわち30mgの炭素触媒1(PCo)を25℃でテドラーバッグ中に収納し、遮光ボックスで遮光した後、当該テドラーバッグに、ホルムアルデヒドを含有する空気を注入して、当該テドラーバッグ中のホルムアルデヒド濃度を40ppmに調節した。
上述の実施例1でアルデヒド分解試験に使用した炭素触媒1(PCo)及び比較材料1(AC)について、繰り返し使用における硫化水素分解(除去)能を評価した。
蒸留水で10倍希釈した局方ホルマリン(ホルムアルデヒド水溶液)(和光純薬工業株式会社製)1mL中に、上述の実施例1で得られた炭素触媒1(PCo)0.05gを投入し、室温で24時間攪拌した。
Claims (10)
- 有害物質を分解する触媒活性を有する
ことを特徴とする有害物質分解用炭素触媒。 - 前記有害物質は、悪臭物質である
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載された有害物質分解用炭素触媒。 - 前記有害物質は、揮発性有機化合物である
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載された有害物質分解用炭素触媒。 - 前記揮発性有機化合物は、アルデヒド類及びその酸化物である
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載された有害物質分解用炭素触媒。 - 前記悪臭物質は、硫黄化合物である
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載された有害物質分解用炭素触媒。 - 有機物と金属とを含有する原料の炭素化により得られた
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載された有害物質分解用炭素触媒。 - 前記原料は、さらに炭素材料を含有する
ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載された有害物質分解用炭素触媒。 - 前記金属は、遷移金属である
ことを特徴とする請求項6又は7に記載された有害物質分解用炭素触媒。 - 請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載の有害物質分解用炭素触媒を含む
ことを特徴とする有害物質分解材。 - 請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載の有害物質分解用炭素触媒又は請求項9に記載の有害物質分解材を使用して、有害物質を分解する
ことを特徴とする有害物質分解方法。
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US13/511,047 US8999280B2 (en) | 2009-11-26 | 2010-10-01 | Carbon catalyst for decomposition of hazardous substance, hazardous-substance-decomposing material, and method for decomposition of hazardous substance |
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