WO2019124148A1 - タイヤ、及び、多孔質体の固定方法 - Google Patents

タイヤ、及び、多孔質体の固定方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019124148A1
WO2019124148A1 PCT/JP2018/045360 JP2018045360W WO2019124148A1 WO 2019124148 A1 WO2019124148 A1 WO 2019124148A1 JP 2018045360 W JP2018045360 W JP 2018045360W WO 2019124148 A1 WO2019124148 A1 WO 2019124148A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
porous body
tire
surface layer
layer
thermoplastic resin
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2018/045360
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
美智雄 兼定
Original Assignee
株式会社ブリヂストン
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社ブリヂストン filed Critical 株式会社ブリヂストン
Priority to CN201880081421.8A priority Critical patent/CN111565939A/zh
Priority to EP18892538.2A priority patent/EP3730311B1/en
Priority to JP2019560987A priority patent/JP7140779B2/ja
Priority to US16/770,946 priority patent/US20210146735A1/en
Publication of WO2019124148A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019124148A1/ja

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C19/00—Tyre parts or constructions not otherwise provided for
    • B60C19/002—Noise damping elements provided in the tyre structure or attached thereto, e.g. in the tyre interior
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/348—Avoiding melting or weakening of the zone directly next to the joint area, e.g. by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5326—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially flat
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    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
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    • B29C66/727—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
    • B29K2105/045—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous with open cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
    • B29K2105/046—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous with closed cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2709/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2703/00 - B29K2707/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2709/08—Glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2711/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2601/00 - B29K2709/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2711/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2601/00 - B29K2709/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2711/10—Natural fibres, e.g. wool or cotton
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2030/00—Pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2030/00—Pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
    • B29L2030/008—Innerliners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C5/00—Inflatable pneumatic tyres or inner tubes
    • B60C5/12—Inflatable pneumatic tyres or inner tubes without separate inflatable inserts, e.g. tubeless tyres with transverse section open to the rim
    • B60C5/14—Inflatable pneumatic tyres or inner tubes without separate inflatable inserts, e.g. tubeless tyres with transverse section open to the rim with impervious liner or coating on the inner wall of the tyre
    • B60C2005/145—Inflatable pneumatic tyres or inner tubes without separate inflatable inserts, e.g. tubeless tyres with transverse section open to the rim with impervious liner or coating on the inner wall of the tyre made of laminated layers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tire and a method of fixing a porous body.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a tire of this type.
  • Patent No. 4318639 gazette
  • a release agent such as silicone or mica is previously applied to the inner surface of the green tire before vulcanization and molding, or the outer surface of the bladder, in order to enhance the releasability with the closely adhered bladder. It is known. Such a release agent remains on the inner surface of the tire after vulcanization molding. Therefore, for example, when the porous body is adhered to the inner surface of the tire, the release agent adhering to the inner surface of the tire inhibits the adhesion between the porous body and the inner surface of the tire.
  • the release agent is removed from the inner surface of the tire, such as baking by laser irradiation, washing with a detergent, or the like. It is desirable to have a porous body attachment configuration that can be omitted.
  • the present invention has an object to provide a tire having a mounting configuration that enables the porous body to be fixed to the inner surface of the tire without removing the release agent from the inner surface of the tire, and a method for fixing the porous body. Do.
  • the tire according to the first aspect of the present invention is formed of a thermoplastic resin or contains a thermoplastic resin, and an inner layer constituting the inner surface of the tire, and a part of which is embedded in the inner layer And a porous body.
  • a fixing method of a porous body according to a second aspect of the present invention is a method of melting an inner surface layer which is formed of a thermoplastic resin or contains a thermoplastic resin and which constitutes an inner surface of a tire, and which is porous The body is pressed and embedded in the inner layer.
  • the tire provided with the attachment structure which enables fixation of a porous body to tire inner surface without removing a release agent from tire inner surface, and the fixing method of porous body can be provided. .
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 The same code
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a tire 1 as an embodiment of the tire according to the present invention, showing a cross-section along the tire width direction A, including the tire center axis of the tire 1.
  • the tire 1 includes a tire main body 2 and a porous body 3 attached to an inner surface 30 (hereinafter, referred to as “tire inner surface 30”) of the tire main body 2. There is.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view showing the vicinity of the porous body 3 of FIG. 1 in an enlarged manner.
  • the tire main body 2 is provided with the inner surface layer 11 which comprises the tire inner surface 30 which is formed of a thermoplastic resin or contains a thermoplastic resin.
  • a part of the porous body 3 is embedded in the inner surface layer 11.
  • “part of the porous body is embedded in the inner layer” means that part of the porous body is in contact with the inner layer around the extension direction of the inner layer. Do.
  • the tire 1 of this embodiment is a tubeless type radial tire for passenger cars as mentioned later, it does not restrict to this composition, for example, resin materials, such as thermoplastic resin, thermoplastic elastomer, thermosetting resin, etc.
  • the tire may include a resin-made tire frame body containing at least 50% by mass or more, preferably 90% by mass or more.
  • the above-mentioned inner surface layer 11 can be constituted by the tire frame body itself, but the tire frame body is not limited to such a structure.
  • the inner layer 11 may be formed by laminating other layers.
  • the inner layer 11 is not limited to the case of being formed of a thermoplastic resin, and may be configured to partially contain a thermoplastic resin, for example, a configuration in which a thermoplastic resin is mixed with rubber. .
  • the thermoplastic resin is contained at least 50% by mass or more.
  • the material of the resin in which the inner surface layer 11 is formed or the resin contained in the inner surface layer 11 is polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, AS resin, ABS resin, vinyl chloride resin, PA (6, 6-6, 6 -10, 6-12, 12) can be made of polyester.
  • the porous body 3 can be made of, for example, a rubber, a sponge material having an open cell or a closed cell formed by foaming a synthetic resin.
  • the porous body 3 of the present embodiment is made of a sponge material.
  • the material of the sponge material is preferably synthetic resin sponge such as ether polyurethane sponge, ester polyurethane sponge, polyethylene sponge, etc .; chloroprene rubber sponge (CR sponge), ethylene propylene rubber sponge (EDPM sponge), nitrile rubber sponge (NBR sponge) Rubber sponges) can be used.
  • polyurethane-based or polyethylene-based including an ether-based polyurethane sponge is preferable from the viewpoint of noise control, lightness, adjustability of foaming, durability, and the like.
  • the porous body 3 may be made of non-woven fabric.
  • the porous body 3 is made of non-woven fabric, for example, animal fibers, plant fibers, mineral fibers, synthetic fibers, metal fibers, glass fibers or the like can be entangled.
  • synthetic fiber materials include aromatic polyamides, polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins, moda acrylics, and combinations thereof.
  • the density of the porous body 3 can be, for example, in the range of 16 kg / m 3 to 100 kg / m 3 .
  • the hardness of the porous body 3 can be, for example, in the range of 20N to 300N.
  • this hardness means the hardness measured based on the “D method” defined in “the type of test” of JIS K 6400-2 cited in JIS K 6401 (2011 edition).
  • the tensile strength of the porous body 3 can be, for example, in the range of 50 kPa to 300 kPa.
  • the porous body 3 can absorb sound by converting the vibration energy of the air in which the air gap formed on the surface or inside thereof vibrates into thermal energy. As a result, cavity resonance noise generated in the rim-assembled tire 1 can be reduced.
  • the tire 1 is provided with the inner layer 11 which is formed of a thermoplastic resin or contains a thermoplastic resin and which constitutes the tire inner surface 30. Further, in the tire 1, the porous body 3 is fixed to the inner surface layer 11 by being partially embedded in the inner surface layer 11. With such a mounting configuration, regardless of whether or not the release agent is removed from the tire inner surface 30, that is, even if the release agent is not removed from the tire inner surface 30, the porous body 3 is used as the tire inner surface. It becomes possible to fix to 30.
  • the tire main body 2 of the tire 1 of the present embodiment includes a tread portion 2a and a pair of sidewall portions 2b extending inward in the tire radial direction B from both ends in the tire width direction A of the tread portion 2a. And a pair of bead portions 2c provided at the inner end of each sidewall portion 2b in the tire radial direction B.
  • the tire main body 2 of the present embodiment includes the bead member 4, the carcass 5, the belt 6, the tread rubber 7, the side rubber 8, the inner liner 9, and the inner surface member 10.
  • the bead member 4 is embedded in the bead portion 1c.
  • the bead member 4 includes a bead core 4a and a rubber bead filler 4b located on the outer side of the bead core 4a in the tire radial direction B.
  • the bead core 4a is provided with a plurality of bead wires whose circumference is covered with rubber.
  • the bead wire is formed of a steel cord.
  • the steel cord can be made of, for example, a monofilament of steel or a stranded wire. In addition, you may use an organic fiber, a carbon fiber, etc. as a bead wire.
  • the carcass 5 straddles between the pair of bead portions 1c, more specifically, between the bead cores 4a of the pair of bead members 4, and extends in a toroidal shape.
  • the carcass 5 has at least a radial structure.
  • the carcass 5 is composed of one or more (one in this embodiment) carcass plies 5a in which carcass cords are arranged at an angle of, for example, 75 ° to 90 ° with respect to the tire circumferential direction C.
  • the carcass ply 5a includes a ply body located between a pair of bead cores 4a, and a ply turnback which is folded from the inside to the outside in the tire width direction A around the bead cores 4a at both ends of the ply body. ing.
  • the bead filler 4b which extends in a tapered shape from the bead core 4a to the outer side in the tire radial direction B is disposed.
  • a polyester cord is employed as the carcass cord constituting the carcass ply 5a, but in addition to this, an organic fiber cord such as nylon, rayon or aramid, or a steel cord may be employed if necessary.
  • the number of carcass plies 5a may be two or more.
  • the belt 6 includes one or more (five in the present embodiment) belt layers disposed on the outer side in the tire radial direction B with respect to the crown portion of the carcass 5. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the belt 6 of the present embodiment includes an inclined belt 6 a and a circumferential belt 6 b.
  • the inclined belt 6 a includes one or more (two in this embodiment) inclined belt layers disposed on the outer side in the tire radial direction B with respect to the crown portion of the carcass 5.
  • the inclined belt 6a of the present embodiment includes a first inclined belt layer 6a1 and a second inclined belt layer 6a2 stacked in the tire radial direction B.
  • Each of the first inclined belt layer 6a1 and the second inclined belt layer 6a2 is formed of a belt ply in which steel cords as metal belt cords are arranged at an angle of 10 ° to 40 ° with respect to the tire circumferential direction C.
  • the two belt plies are laid one on another with the direction of inclination of the belt cords different from one another. Therefore, the belt cords cross each other between the belt plies, the belt rigidity is enhanced, and the substantially full width of the tread portion 2a can be reinforced by the tag effect.
  • the circumferential belt 6b is provided with one or more (two in this embodiment) circumferential belt layers arranged on the outer side in the tire radial direction B with respect to the inclined belt 6a.
  • the circumferential belt 6b includes a first circumferential belt layer 6b1 and a second circumferential belt layer 6b2 stacked in the tire radial direction B.
  • Each of the first circumferential belt layer 6b1 and the second circumferential belt layer 6b2 rotates the nylon cord as a belt cord of organic fiber at an angle of 10 ° or less, preferably 5 ° or less with respect to the tire circumferential direction C. It is formed of a belt ply spirally wound around an axis.
  • the tread rubber 7 constitutes the outer surface of the tread portion 2a in the tire radial direction B, and extends in the tire width direction A, the circumferential groove 7a extending in the tire circumferential direction C, and the tread outer surface. A tread pattern including not-shown width direction grooves and the like is formed.
  • the side rubber 8 constitutes the outer surface of the sidewall portion 2 b in the tire width direction A, and is integrally formed with the above-described tread rubber 7.
  • the inner liner 9 is laminated on the inner surface of the carcass 5 and is made of butyl-based rubber having low air permeability. That is, the inner liner 9 constitutes the rubber layer 12 laminated on the inner surface of the carcass 5.
  • butyl type rubber means butyl rubber and halogenated butyl rubber which is its derivative.
  • the inner surface member 10 is laminated on the inner surface of the inner liner 9 as the rubber layer 12 and constitutes the tire inner surface 30. That is, the inner surface layer 11 of the present embodiment is configured by the inner surface member 10.
  • the tire main body 2 is vulcanized and molded in a state in which the inner surface member 10 is laminated on the inner surface of the inner liner 9. Therefore, in order to enhance the releasability of the bladder in close contact during vulcanization molding, the inner surface 30 of the tire before vulcanization molding, that is, the surface of the inner member 10 opposite to the inner liner 9 is A release agent is applied.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a part of the tire inner surface 30 of FIG. 2.
  • the mold release agent is formed between the tire inner surface 30 and the porous body 3 without removing the above-described mold release agent S remaining on the tire inner surface 30 even after vulcanization molding.
  • the porous body 3 is fixed to the tire inner surface 30 in the state where S intervenes. That is, the releasing agent S is interposed between the inner surface layer 11 and the porous body 3.
  • the mold release agent S becomes a film by fixing the porous body 3 to the inner surface member 10 in a state where the release agent S is interposed between the porous body 3 and the inner surface member 10 constituting the inner surface layer 11.
  • the detail of the fixing method of the porous body 3 is mentioned later (refer FIG. 4).
  • the inner surface member 10 of the present embodiment is formed of a thermoplastic resin or contains a thermoplastic resin. And the inner surface member 10 of this embodiment can be formed from the material of the inner surface layer 11 mentioned above.
  • the porous body 3 is fixed to the inner surface member 10 in a state where a part of the porous body 3 is embedded in the inner surface member 10 constituting the inner surface layer 11.
  • the detail of the fixing method to the inner surface member 10 of the porous body 3 is mentioned later (refer FIG. 4).
  • the thickness of the inner surface member 10 is not particularly limited as long as there is a thickness in which a part of the porous body 3 is embedded. For example, it can be 3 ⁇ m or more.
  • the porous body 3 of the present embodiment is attached to the central region of the tire inner surface 30 in the tire width direction A. More specifically, the porous body 3 of the present embodiment is attached to the inner surface 30 of the tire at a position intersecting the tire equatorial plane CL.
  • the porous body 3 is not particularly limited as long as the porous body 3 is partially embedded in the inner surface layer 11 constituting the tire inner surface 30. However, it is preferable that the porous body 3 have flexibility when using a method of fixing to the inner surface member 10 using ultrasonic waves described later (refer to FIG. 4). Further, in the case of using a method of fixing to the inner surface member 10 using ultrasonic waves described later (see FIG. 4), the density of the porous body 3 is the inner surface layer 11 configured by the inner surface member 10 in the present embodiment. Preferably, the density is smaller than the density of These conditions are easily satisfied by forming the porous body 3 with a sponge material, a non-woven fabric, or the like.
  • the melting point of the porous body 3 is preferably higher than the melting point of the inner surface layer 11 configured by the inner surface member 10 in the present embodiment. If it does in this way, it will not be restricted to the fixing method (refer to Drawing 4) using an ultrasonic wave, in the state where inner layer 11 constituted by inner member 10 was melted, inner part layer 11 of porous body 3 It is easy to be buried.
  • the porous body 3 is constructed so that the decomposition point temperature is lower than the melting point temperature and the decomposition point temperature is higher than the melting point temperature of the inner layer 11.
  • the term "decomposition point” means the temperature at which thermal decomposition occurs.
  • a part of the porous body 3 can be buried in the inner surface layer 11. That is, the porous body 3 can be embedded in the inner surface layer 11 in a molten state while the internal space is held without being melted. Therefore, the inner surface layer 11 in the molten state is likely to enter the pores of the porous body 3. In other words, the porous body 3 is impregnated into the inner surface layer 11 in the molten state. In this state, when the inner surface layer 11 is cooled, the inner surface layer 11 is cured in a state where a part thereof is in the pores of the porous body 3 and the porous body 3 is firmly held by the anchor effect. .
  • the porous body 3 is configured so that the decomposition point temperature is lower than the melting point temperature and the decomposition point temperature is higher than the melting point temperature of the inner surface layer 11, It becomes easy to realize the porous body 3 fixed.
  • the material in which the porous body 3 is formed or the material contained in the porous body 3 is not particularly limited, and, for example, it is formed of a thermosetting resin or an elastomer, not a thermoplastic resin.
  • the porous body 3 may be used.
  • the porous body 3 may be configured so that the temperature of the melting point is lower than the temperature of the decomposition point, on the premise of the above-described melting point magnitude relationship. With such a configuration, the porous body 3 is embedded and fixed in the inner surface layer 11 at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the porous body 3 and less than the temperature at the decomposition point of the porous body 3. If it does in this way, it will not be restricted to the fixing method (refer to Drawing 4) using an ultrasonic wave, in the state where inner layer 11 constituted by inner member 10 was melted, inner part layer 11 of porous body 3 The same part or the other part of the porous body 3 can be melted and mixed or welded with the molten inner surface layer 11.
  • the porous body 3 when the porous body 3 has a structure in which the temperature of the melting point is lower than the temperature at the decomposition point, the inner layer 11 is formed by both embedding in the inner layer 11 and mixing or welding with the inner layer 11. It becomes easy to realize oppositely fixed porous body 3.
  • the porous body 3 is formed of a thermoplastic resin or contains a thermoplastic resin.
  • the porous body 3 As described above, if a portion of the porous body 3 is embedded in the inner surface layer 11 formed by the inner surface member 10, it is particularly limited whether the porous body 3 is melted at the time of fixation. It is not something to be done.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an example of a method of fixing the porous body 3.
  • FIG. 4A is a view showing a state of the tire main body 2 during vulcanization molding.
  • FIG. 4 (a) in a state in which the inner layer 11 composed of the inner surface member 10 is laminated on the inside (lower side in FIG. 4 (a)) of the rubber layer 12 composed of the inner liner 9.
  • Vulcanization molding of the tire main body 2 is performed.
  • the inner surface member 10 is pressed toward the inner liner 9 by a bladder (not shown) (see the white arrow in FIG. 4A).
  • a release agent S is applied in advance to the surface of the inner surface member 10 in contact with the bladder or the outer surface of the bladder in order to enhance the releasability after vulcanization molding.
  • FIG. 4 (b) is a view showing a state of the tire main body 2 after vulcanization molding.
  • the rubber layer 12 and the inner surface layer 11 are integrated in a close contact state by heating and pressure at the time of vulcanization molding.
  • the mold release agent S remains in the tire inner surface 30 of the tire main body 2 constituted by the inner surface layer 11.
  • FIG. 4C is a view showing a process of fixing the porous body 3 to the inner surface layer 11 using ultrasonic waves.
  • the porous body 3 is disposed on the tire inner surface 30.
  • the porous body 3 is pressed toward the tire inner surface 30 by the ultrasonic horn 50 of the ultrasonic welding machine.
  • frictional heat is generated on the tire inner surface 30 constituted by the inner surface layer 11 by the vibrational energy of the ultrasonic wave oscillated from the ultrasonic horn 50, and the temperature rises to the temperature of the melting point of the inner surface layer 11. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
  • the porous body 3 pressed toward the inner surface layer 11 by the ultrasonic horn 50 is embedded in the inner surface layer 11 in a molten state. Then, by cooling the inner surface layer 11, the porous body 3 can be fixed to the inner surface layer 11 in a state where a part of the porous body 3 is embedded in the inner surface layer 11.
  • the inner layer 11 is laminated on the inner liner 9 as the rubber layer 12.
  • the rubber layer 12 is not melted even by the vibrational energy of ultrasonic waves. By providing such a rubber layer 12, it is possible to suppress the melting of each portion located on the opposite side of the inner layer 11 with the rubber layer 12 interposed therebetween.
  • the porous body 3 is fixed to the inner surface layer 11 by embedding a part of the porous body 3 in the inner surface layer 11, the release agent S is formed on the tire inner surface 30 formed of the inner surface layer 11.
  • the porous body 3 can be fixed to the inner surface layer 11 regardless of adhesion.
  • the vibrational energy by the ultrasonic wave oscillated from the ultrasonic horn 50 is held to the extent that the tire inner surface 30 is melted through the porous body 3 It is necessary to reach the tire inner surface 30 as it is.
  • FIG. therefore, it is preferable that the porous body 3 have flexibility that is compressed and deformed by pressing of the ultrasonic horn 50. In this case, even when ultrasonic welding is performed by oscillating ultrasonic waves from the porous body 3 side, the inner surface of the tire can be easily melted.
  • the thickness of the porous body 3 may be thin, but in the case of the thin porous body 3, for example, a porous body such as sound absorbing performance. The function required for 3 may be reduced.
  • the porous body 3 does not have flexibility and the thickness of the porous body 3 is large, it is necessary to increase the strength of the ultrasonic wave oscillated from the ultrasonic horn 50, but It may not be possible to use an ultrasonic welder with From the above, it is particularly preferable to use the porous body 3 having flexibility.
  • the vibrational energy by the ultrasonic wave oscillated from the ultrasonic horn 50 it is necessary to make the vibrational energy by the ultrasonic wave oscillated from the ultrasonic horn 50 be more concentrated on the tire inner surface 30 than the porous body 3 is there.
  • the porous body 3 having a relatively low density with respect to the inner surface layer 11 ultrasonic waves can be compared to the case where a porous body having a relatively high density with respect to the inner surface layer 11
  • the ultrasonic wave oscillated from the horn 50 is less likely to be attenuated in the porous body 3. That is, ultrasonic waves can easily reach the tire inner surface 30.
  • the ultrasonic horn 50 is compared to the case where the inner surface layer has a relatively low density with respect to the porous body 3
  • the ultrasonic waves oscillated from are easily attenuated in the inner surface layer 11. That is, the inner surface layer 11 which comprises the tire inner surface 30 can be made into the structure which is easy to raise temperature by the vibrational energy by an ultrasonic wave. From the above, by making the density of the porous body 3 smaller than the density of the inner surface layer 11, even if ultrasonic welding is performed by oscillating ultrasonic waves from the porous body 3 side, the tire The inner surface 30 is easy to melt. Thereby, a configuration in which a part of the porous body 3 is embedded in the inner surface layer 11 can be easily realized.
  • the density of the porous body 3, as described above, for example, can be in the range of 16kg / m 3 ⁇ 100kg / m 3.
  • the density of the porous body 3 is preferably set from the above-mentioned range so as to be smaller than the density of the inner surface layer 11.
  • the inner surface layer 11 needs to be melted prior to the porous body 3.
  • the melting point of the porous body 3 needs to be higher than the melting point of the inner surface layer 11.
  • the porous body 3 for example, a material having a melting point in the range of 100 ° C. to 260 ° C. can be used. Further, as the inner surface member 10 constituting the inner surface layer 11, for example, a material having a melting point in the range of 80 ° C. to 240 ° C. can be used. From these ranges, the melting point of the porous body 3 is preferably set to be higher than the melting point of the inner surface layer 11.
  • the inner surface layer 11 of the tire inner surface 30 which is formed of a thermoplastic resin or contains a thermoplastic resin is melted and porous
  • the porous body 3 is pressed to embed a part of the porous body 3 in the inner surface layer 11.
  • the porous body 3 can be fixed to the tire inner surface 30 without removing the release agent S from the tire inner surface 30.
  • an ultrasonic welding machine used by the fixing method shown in FIG. 4 it is preferable to be able to oscillate the ultrasonic wave of the frequency of 35 kHz.
  • the ultrasonic welder it is possible to miniaturize the ultrasonic welder to be used as compared with an ultrasonic welder capable of oscillating ultrasonic waves having a general frequency of 20 kHz, and to use the unit against the inner surface 30 of the tire. Vibration energy input per time can be increased. As a result, the work efficiency for welding can be enhanced.
  • the point that the ultrasonic welding machine can be miniaturized is particularly advantageous in consideration of utilization for the tire inner surface 30 of the tire main body 2.
  • an ultrasonic welding machine capable of oscillating ultrasonic waves having a frequency of 35 kHz an ultrasonic welding machine capable of oscillating a frequency of 35 kHz under the trade name "ECOiSONIC” of Sonotronics, Inc. is used.
  • the porous body 3 of the present embodiment is made of a sponge material, but may be in the form of a non-woven fabric as shown in FIG.
  • a type “AE-100” of a heat-resistant filter for a drying furnace of Japan Byureen Co., Ltd. can be used.
  • the heat-resistant filter is embedded and fixed to the inner surface layer 11 as a single layer, it is preferable to set the ultrasonic surface pressure to 0.32 kg / mm 2 or more.
  • the ultrasonic surface pressure be 0.49 kg / mm 2 or more.
  • an ultrasonic irradiation width shall be 0.3 mm and ultrasonic irradiation length shall be 25 mm or 50 mm.
  • the ultrasonic irradiation length is preferably 25 mm.
  • the fixing method of the tire and the porous body according to the present invention is not limited to the specific configuration and process shown in the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the claims. , Change is possible.
  • the tire width direction of the porous body 3 is The entire area of A may be embedded in the inner surface layer 11.
  • the entire area in the tire circumferential direction C of the porous body 3 is It may be embedded in the layer 11.
  • the inner surface layer 11 may be partially melted by irradiating only the embedded portion with ultrasonic waves.
  • the numbers of inclined belt layers and circumferential belt layers in the belt 6 of the tire 1 are not limited to the numbers shown in the above-described embodiment.
  • the length of the inclined belt layer and the circumferential belt layer in the tire width direction A and the positional relationship between both ends in the tire width direction A are also limited to the length and positional relationship shown in the above-described embodiment. Absent.
  • the present invention relates to a tire and a method of fixing a porous body.
  • tire 2 tire main body 2a: tread portion 2b: sidewall portion 2c: bead portion 3: porous body 4: bead member 4a: bead core 4b: bead filler 5: carcass 5a: Carcass ply 6: belt 6a: inclined belt 6a1: first inclined belt layer 6a2: second inclined belt layer 6b: circumferential belt 6b1: first circumferential belt layer 6b2: second circumferential belt Layer 7, Tread rubber, 7a: circumferential groove, 8: side rubber, 9: inner liner, 10: inner member, 11: inner layer, 12: rubber layer, 30: tire inner surface, 50: ultrasonic horn, A: Tire width direction, B: Tire radial direction, C: Tire circumferential direction, S: Release agent, CL: Tire equatorial plane

Abstract

本発明に係るタイヤは、熱可塑性樹脂により形成されている、又は、熱可塑性樹脂を含有する、タイヤ内面を構成する内面層と、一部が前記内面層に埋め込まれている多孔質体と、を備える。

Description

タイヤ、及び、多孔質体の固定方法
　本発明はタイヤ、及び、多孔質体の固定方法、に関する。
　従来から、タイヤ内面に吸音スポンジ等の多孔質体を接着し、空洞共鳴エネルギーを吸収等させることで、ロードノイズを低減するタイヤが知られている。特許文献１には、この種のタイヤが開示されている。
特許第４３１８６３９号公報
　タイヤを加硫成型する際、密着したブラダーとの離型性を高めるために、加硫成型前の生タイヤのタイヤ内面、又は、ブラダー外面、に予めシリコン、マイカ等の離型剤を塗布することが知られている。このような離型剤は、加硫成型後のタイヤ内面にも残留した状態となる。そのため、例えば、多孔質体をタイヤ内面に接着する場合に、タイヤ内面に付着している離型剤が、多孔質体とタイヤ内面との固着を阻害する。
　多孔質体を接着する前に、例えば、レーザー照射による焼成、洗剤を用いた洗浄など、タイヤ内面から離型剤を除去することが行われているが、このような離型剤の除去工程を省き得る、多孔質体の取付構成が望まれている。
　そこで本発明は、タイヤ内面から離型剤を除去しなくても多孔質体をタイヤ内面に固定可能とする取付構成を備えるタイヤ、及び、多孔質体の固定方法、を提供することを目的とする。
　本発明の第１の態様としてのタイヤは、熱可塑性樹脂により形成されている、又は、熱可塑性樹脂を含有する、タイヤ内面を構成する内面層と、一部が前記内面層に埋め込まれている多孔質体と、を備える。
　本発明の第２の態様としての、多孔質体の固定方法は、熱可塑性樹脂により形成されている、又は、熱可塑性樹脂を含有する、タイヤ内面を構成する内面層を溶融させると共に、多孔質体を押圧して前記内面層に埋め込む。
　本発明によれば、タイヤ内面から離型剤を除去しなくても多孔質体をタイヤ内面に固定可能とする取付構成を備えるタイヤ、及び、多孔質体の固定方法、を提供することができる。
本発明の一実施形態としてのタイヤの、タイヤ幅方向に沿う断面を示す断面図である。 図１の多孔質体の近傍を拡大して示す拡大断面図である。 図２の更に一部を拡大して示す拡大断面図である。 本発明の一実施形態としての、多孔質体の固定方法の概要を示す概要図である。 図１に示す多孔質体とは別の多孔質体を示す図である。
　以下、本発明に係る、タイヤ、及び、多孔質体の固定方法、について図１～図５を参照して説明する。各図において共通する部材・部位には同一の符号を付している。
　図１は、本発明に係るタイヤの一実施形態としてのタイヤ１についての、タイヤ１のタイヤ中心軸線を含み、タイヤ幅方向Ａに沿う断面を示す断面図である。
　図１に示すように、タイヤ１は、タイヤ本体２と、このタイヤ本体２の内面３０（以下、「タイヤ内面３０」と記載する。）に取り付けられている多孔質体３と、を備えている。
　図２は、図１の多孔質体３の近傍を拡大して示す拡大断面図である。図１、図２に示すように、タイヤ本体２は、熱可塑性樹脂により形成されている、又は、熱可塑性樹脂を含有する、タイヤ内面３０を構成する内面層１１を備えている。そして、図２に示すように、多孔質体３は、その一部が内面層１１に埋め込まれている。なお、「多孔質体の一部が内面層に埋め込まれている」とは、多孔質体の一部が、内面層の延在方向の周囲で、内面層と接触した状態にあることを意味する。
　なお、後述するように、本実施形態のタイヤ１は、チューブレスタイプの乗用車用ラジアルタイヤであるが、この構成に限らず、例えば、熱可塑性樹脂、熱可塑性エラストマー、熱硬化性樹脂などの樹脂材料を少なくとも５０質量％以上、好ましくは９０質量％以上含む、樹脂製のタイヤ骨格体を備えるタイヤであってもよい。このような樹脂製のタイヤ骨格体を備えるタイヤとする場合には、上述の内面層１１を、タイヤ骨格体自体で構成することができるが、このような構成に限らず、タイヤ骨格体に、別の層を積層することで内面層１１を形成してもよい。
　なお、内面層１１は、熱可塑性樹脂から形成されている場合に限らず、例えば、ゴムに熱可塑性樹脂が混合されている構成など、熱可塑性樹脂を一部に含有する構成であってもよい。内面層１１を、熱可塑性樹脂を一部に含有する構成とする場合には、熱可塑性樹脂を少なくとも５０質量％以上、含有していることが好ましい。
　内面層１１が形成される樹脂、又は、内面層１１に含有される樹脂、の材料としては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリスチレン、ＡＳ樹脂、ＡＢＳ樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、ＰＡ（６、６－６、６－１０、６－１２、１２）、ポリエステルにより構成できる。
　多孔質体３は、例えば、ゴム、合成樹脂を発泡させた連続気泡又は独立気泡を有するスポンジ材により構成することができる。本実施形態の多孔質体３は、スポンジ材により構成されている。スポンジ材の材料として、好ましくは、エーテル系ポリウレタンスポンジ、エステル系ポリウレタンスポンジ、ポリエチレンスポンジなどの合成樹脂スポンジ；クロロプレンゴムスポンジ（ＣＲスポンジ）、エチレンプロピレンゴムスポンジ（ＥＤＰＭスポンジ）、ニトリルゴムスポンジ（ＮＢＲスポンジ）などのゴムスポンジ；を用いることができる。とりわけエーテル系ポリウレタンスポンジを含むポリウレタン系又はポリエチレン系等が、制音性、軽量性、発泡の調節可能性、耐久性などの観点から好ましい。
　また、多孔質体３は、不織布状のものにより構成してもよい。多孔質体３を不織布状のもので構成する場合、例えば、動物繊維、植物繊維、鉱物繊維、合成繊維、金属繊維又はガラス繊維等を絡み合わせた構成とすることができる。合成繊維の材料としては、例えば、芳香族ポリアミド、ポリアミド、ポリエステル、ポリオレフィン、モダアクリル、これらの組合せ、が挙げられる。
　なお、多孔質体３を、動物繊維、植物繊維、鉱物繊維、合成繊維、金属繊維又はガラス繊維等を織ったもので構成してもよい。
　多孔質体３の密度は、例えば、１６ｋｇ／ｍ3～１００ｋｇ／ｍ3の範囲とすることができる。また、多孔質体３の硬さは、例えば、２０Ｎ～３００Ｎの範囲とすることができる。なお、この硬さは、ＪＩＳ　Ｋ６４０１（２０１１年版）において引用されるＪＩＳ　Ｋ６４００－２の「試験の種類」で規定されている「Ｄ法」に基づいて測定される硬さを意味する。更に、多孔質体３の引張強度は、例えば、５０ｋＰａ～３００ｋＰａの範囲とすることができる。
　多孔質体３は、その表面や内部に形成される空隙が振動する空気の振動エネルギーを熱エネルギーに変換することにより、吸音することができる。これにより、リム組みされたタイヤ１内で発生する空洞共鳴音を低減することができる。
　以上のように、タイヤ１は、熱可塑性樹脂により形成されている、又は、熱可塑性樹脂を含有する、タイヤ内面３０を構成する内面層１１を備えている。また、タイヤ１では、多孔質体３が、その一部が内面層１１に埋め込まれた状態とされることで、内面層１１に固定されている。このような取付構成とすることで、タイヤ内面３０から離型剤を除去するか否かにかかわらず、すなわち、タイヤ内面３０から離型剤を除去しなくても、多孔質体３をタイヤ内面３０に固定することが可能となる。
　以下、本実施形態のタイヤ１の詳細について説明する。
＜タイヤ本体２＞
　まず、本実施形態のタイヤ１のタイヤ本体２について説明する。図１に示すように、本実施形態のタイヤ本体２は、トレッド部２ａと、このトレッド部２ａのタイヤ幅方向Ａの両端部からタイヤ径方向Ｂの内側に延びる一対のサイドウォール部２ｂと、各サイドウォール部２ｂのタイヤ径方向Ｂの内側の端部に設けられた一対のビード部２ｃと、を備えている。
　より具体的に、本実施形態のタイヤ本体２は、ビード部材４、カーカス５、ベルト６、トレッドゴム７、サイドゴム８、インナーライナ９、及び、内面部材１０、を備えている。
［ビード部材４］
　ビード部材４は、ビード部１ｃに埋設されている。ビード部材４は、ビードコア４ａと、このビードコア４ａに対してタイヤ径方向Ｂの外側に位置するゴム製のビードフィラ４ｂと、を備えている。ビードコア４ａは、周囲をゴムにより被覆されている複数のビードワイヤを備えている。ビードワイヤはスチールコードにより形成されている。スチールコードは、例えば、スチールのモノフィラメント又は撚り線からなるものとすることができる。なお、ビードワイヤとして、有機繊維やカーボン繊維等を用いてもよい。
［カーカス５］
　カーカス５は、一対のビード部１ｃ間、より具体的には一対のビード部材４のビードコア４ａ間に跨っており、トロイダル状に延在している。また、カーカス５は、少なくともラジアル構造を有している。
　更に、カーカス５は、カーカスコードをタイヤ周方向Ｃに対して例えば７５°～９０゜の角度で配列した１枚以上（本実施形態では１枚）のカーカスプライ５ａから構成されている。このカーカスプライ５ａは、一対のビードコア４ａ間に位置するプライ本体部と、このプライ本体部の両端で、ビードコア４ａの廻りでタイヤ幅方向Ａの内側から外側に折り返されるプライ折返し部と、を備えている。そして、プライ本体部とプライ折返し部との間には、ビードコア４ａからタイヤ径方向Ｂの外側に先細状に延びるビードフィラ４ｂが配置されている。カーカスプライ５ａを構成するカーカスコードとして、本実施形態ではポリエステルコードを採用しているが、これ以外にもナイロン、レーヨン、アラミドなどの有機繊維コードや、必要によりスチールコードを採用してもよい。また、カーカスプライ５ａの枚数についても、２枚以上としてもよい。
　［ベルト６］
　ベルト６は、カーカス５のクラウン部に対してタイヤ径方向Ｂの外側に配置されている１層以上（本実施形態では５層）のベルト層を備えている。具体的には、図２に示すように、本実施形態のベルト６は、傾斜ベルト６ａと、周方向ベルト６ｂと、を備えている。
　図２に示すように、傾斜ベルト６ａは、カーカス５のクラウン部に対してタイヤ径方向Ｂの外側に配置されている１層以上（本実施形態では２層）の傾斜ベルト層を備えている。より具体的に、本実施形態の傾斜ベルト６ａは、タイヤ径方向Ｂに積層されている、第１傾斜ベルト層６ａ１及び第２傾斜ベルト層６ａ２、を備えている。第１傾斜ベルト層６ａ１及び第２傾斜ベルト層６ａ２それぞれは、金属のベルトコードとしてのスチールコードをタイヤ周方向Ｃに対して１０°～４０°の角度で傾斜配列したベルトプライから形成されている。２枚のベルトプライは、ベルトコードの傾斜の向きを互いに違えて重ね置きされている。そのため、ベルトコードがベルトプライ間相互で交差し、ベルト剛性が高められ、トレッド部２ａの略全幅をタガ効果により補強することができる。
　図２に示すように、周方向ベルト６ｂは、傾斜ベルト６ａに対してタイヤ径方向Ｂの外側に配置されている１層以上（本実施形態では２層）の周方向ベルト層を備えている。より具体的に、周方向ベルト６ｂは、タイヤ径方向Ｂに積層されている、第１周方向ベルト層６ｂ１及び第２周方向ベルト層６ｂ２を備えている。第１周方向ベルト層６ｂ１及び第２周方向ベルト層６ｂ２それぞれは、有機繊維のベルトコードとしてのナイロンコードをタイヤ周方向Ｃに対して１０°以下、好ましくは５°以下の角度で、タイヤ回転軸回りに、螺旋状に巻回させたベルトプライから形成されている。
［トレッドゴム７及びサイドゴム８］
　トレッドゴム７は、トレッド部２ａのタイヤ径方向Ｂの外側の面を構成しており、トレッド外面には、タイヤ周方向Ｃに延在する周方向溝７ａや、タイヤ幅方向Ａに延在する、図示しない幅方向溝等、を含むトレッドパターンが形成されている。サイドゴム８は、サイドウォール部２ｂのタイヤ幅方向Ａの外側の面を構成しており、上述のトレッドゴム７と一体で形成されている。
［インナーライナ９］
　インナーライナ９は、カーカス５の内面に積層されており、空気透過性の低いブチル系ゴムにより形成されている。すなわち、インナーライナ９は、カーカス５の内面に積層されているゴム層１２を構成している。なお、ブチル系ゴムとは、ブチルゴム、及びその誘導体であるハロゲン化ブチルゴムを意味する。
［内面部材１０］
　内面部材１０は、ゴム層１２としてのインナーライナ９の内面に積層されており、タイヤ内面３０を構成している。すなわち、本実施形態の内面層１１は、内面部材１０により構成されている。
　タイヤ本体２は、インナーライナ９の内面上に内面部材１０を積層された状態で、加硫成型される。したがって、加硫成型時に密着するブラダーとの離型性を高めるため、加硫成型前のタイヤ内面３０、すなわち、内面部材１０のインナーライナ９側とは反対側の面には、予めシリコン等の離型剤が塗布される。図３は、図２のうちタイヤ内面３０の一部を更に拡大した拡大断面図である。図３に示すように、本実施形態では、加硫成型後にもタイヤ内面３０に残留する上述の離型剤Ｓを除去することなく、タイヤ内面３０と多孔質体３との間に離型剤Ｓが介在する状態で、多孔質体３が、タイヤ内面３０に固定されている。すなわち、内面層１１と多孔質体３との間には離型剤Ｓが介在している。
　多孔質体３を、内面層１１を構成する内面部材１０との間で離型剤Ｓを介在させた状態で、内面部材１０に固定することにより、離型剤Ｓが被膜となり、内面層１１が、多孔質体３を透過する酸素に触れにくくなる。つまり、内面層１１の酸素暴露を抑制でき、酸素による内面層１１の劣化を抑制することができる。なお、多孔質体３の固定方法の詳細については後述する（図４参照）。
　本実施形態の内面部材１０は、熱可塑性樹脂により形成されている、又は、熱可塑性樹脂を含有している。そして、本実施形態の内面部材１０は、上述した内面層１１の材料から形成することができる。多孔質体３は、その一部が内面層１１を構成する内面部材１０に埋め込まれた状態で、内面部材１０に固定されている。なお、多孔質体３の内面部材１０への固定方法の詳細については後述する（図４参照）。
　内面部材１０の厚みは、多孔質体３の一部が埋め込まれる厚みがあればよく、特に限定されるものではない。例えば３μｍ以上とすることができる。
＜多孔質体３＞
　図１に示すように、本実施形態の多孔質体３は、タイヤ内面３０のうち、タイヤ幅方向Ａの中央領域に取り付けられている。より具体的に、本実施形態の多孔質体３は、タイヤ内面３０のうち、タイヤ赤道面ＣＬと交わる位置に取り付けられている。
　多孔質体３は、タイヤ内面３０を構成する内面層１１に一部が埋め込まれているものであれば、特に限定されるものではない。但し、多孔質体３は、後述する超音波を利用した内面部材１０への固定方法（図４参照）を用いる場合には、可撓性を有することが好ましい。また、後述する超音波を利用した内面部材１０への固定方法（図４参照）を用いる場合には、多孔質体３の密度は、本実施形態で内面部材１０により構成されている内面層１１の密度よりも小さいことが好ましい。これら条件は、多孔質体３をスポンジ材や不織布状のもの等で構成することにより充足し易い。
　また、多孔質体３の融点は、本実施形態で内面部材１０により構成されている内面層１１の融点よりも高いことが好ましい。このようにすれば、超音波を利用した固定方法（図４参照）に限らず、内面部材１０により構成される内面層１１を溶融させた状態で、多孔質体３の一部を内面層１１に埋没させ易い。
　更に、上述の融点の大小関係を前提とし、多孔質体３は、分解点の温度が融点の温度よりも低く、かつ、分解点の温度が内面層１１の融点の温度よりも高く、構成されていることが好ましい。「分解点」とは熱分解する温度を意味する。このような構成とした上で、多孔質体３の分解点の温度よりも低い温度で、多孔質体３を内面層１１に埋め込んで固定する。このようにすれば、超音波を利用した固定方法（図４参照）に限らず、内面部材１０により構成される内面層１１を溶融させた状態で、かつ、多孔質体３が溶融していない状態で、多孔質体３の一部を内面層１１に埋没させることができる。すなわち、多孔質体３を、溶融せずに内部の空隙が保持された状態のまま、溶融状態の内面層１１に埋め込むことができる。そのため、溶融状態の内面層１１が多孔質体３の空隙に入り込み易い。換言すれば、多孔質体３が溶融状態の内面層１１に含浸する。この状態で、内面層１１が冷却されると、内面層１１は、その一部が多孔質体３の空隙に入り込んだ状態のまま硬化され、アンカー効果により、多孔質体３を強固に保持する。すなわち、多孔質体３を、分解点の温度が融点の温度よりも低く、かつ、分解点の温度が内面層１１の融点の温度よりも高い構成とすれば、内面層１１に対して強固に固定された多孔質体３を実現し易くなる。この場合、多孔質体３が形成される材料、又は、多孔質体３に含まれる材料、は特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、熱可塑性樹脂ではなく、熱硬化性樹脂やエラストマーから形成される多孔質体３としてもよい。
　但し、上述の融点の大小関係を前提とし、多孔質体３を、融点の温度が分解点の温度よりも低い構成としてもよい。このような構成とした上で、多孔質体３の融点の温度以上で、かつ、多孔質体３の分解点の温度未満で、多孔質体３を内面層１１に埋め込んで固定する。このようにすれば、超音波を利用した固定方法（図４参照）に限らず、内面部材１０により構成される内面層１１を溶融させた状態で、多孔質体３の一部を内面層１１に埋め込むことができると共に、多孔質体３の同じ一部又は他の一部を溶融させ、溶融状態の内面層１１と混合又は溶着させることが可能となる。すなわち、多孔質体３を、融点の温度が分解点の温度よりも低い構成とすれば、内面層１１への埋め込み、及び、内面層１１との混合又は溶着、の両方により、内面層１１に対して固定された多孔質体３を実現し易くなる。この場合、多孔質体３は、熱可塑性樹脂により形成されている、又は、熱可塑性樹脂を含有している。
　このように、多孔質体３の一部が、内面部材１０により構成されている内面層１１に埋め込まれている構成であれば、固定時において多孔質体３が溶融したか否かは特に限定されるものではない。
　次に、本発明の一実施形態としての多孔質体３の固定方法について説明する。図４は、多孔質体３の固定方法の一例を示す概要図である。
　図４（ａ）は、タイヤ本体２の加硫成型時の状態を示す図である。図４（ａ）に示すように、インナーライナ９により構成されるゴム層１２の内側（図４（ａ）では下側）に、内面部材１０により構成される内面層１１を積層した状態で、タイヤ本体２の加硫成型を実行する。加硫成型時は、不図示のブラダーにより、内面部材１０がインナーライナ９に向かって押圧される（図４（ａ）の白抜き矢印参照）。なお、内面部材１０のうちブラダーと接触する面、又はブラダーの外面には、加硫成型後の離型性を高めるため、予め離型剤Ｓが塗布されている。
　図４（ｂ）は、タイヤ本体２の加硫成型後の状態を示す図である。図４（ｂ）に示すように、ゴム層１２及び内面層１１は、加硫成型時の加熱及び圧力により、密着した状態で一体化される。また、図４（ｂ）に示すように、離型剤Ｓは、内面層１１により構成される、タイヤ本体２のタイヤ内面３０において残留した状態となる。
　図４（ｃ）は、超音波を利用して、多孔質体３を内面層１１に固定する工程を示す図である。図４（ｃ）に示すように、タイヤ内面３０上に多孔質体３を配置する。そして、超音波溶着機の超音波ホーン５０により、多孔質体３をタイヤ内面３０に向かって押圧した状態とする。この状態で、超音波ホーン５０から発振される超音波の振動エネルギーにより、内面層１１により構成されるタイヤ内面３０に摩擦熱が発生し、内面層１１の融点の温度まで瞬時に上昇する。そのため、図４（ｃ）に示すように、超音波ホーン５０により内面層１１側に押圧される多孔質体３は、溶融状態になった内面層１１内に埋め込まれる。そして、内面層１１を冷却することで、多孔質体３を、その一部が内面層１１に埋め込まれた状態で、内面層１１に対して固定することができる。
　なお、内面層１１はゴム層１２としてのインナーライナ９に積層されている。ゴム層１２は、超音波の振動エネルギーによっても溶融しない。このようなゴム層１２を設けることで、ゴム層１２を挟んで内面層１１と反対側に位置する各部の溶融を抑制することができる。
　このように、多孔質体３の一部を内面層１１に埋め込むことで、多孔質体３を内面層１１に固定するため、内面層１１で構成されるタイヤ内面３０上に離型剤Ｓが付着しているか否かによらず、多孔質体３を内面層１１に固定することができる。
　ここで、図４（ｃ）による超音波溶着を実行するためには、超音波ホーン５０から発振される超音波による振動エネルギーが、多孔質体３を通じて、タイヤ内面３０を溶融させる程度に保持されたまま、タイヤ内面３０に到達することが必要となる。そのためには、超音波ホーン５０とタイヤ内面３０との距離を短くできる構成とすることが好ましい。したがって、多孔質体３としては、超音波ホーン５０の押圧により圧縮変形して薄肉化される可撓性を備えることが好ましい。このようにすれば、多孔質体３側から超音波を発振させて超音波溶着を実行する場合であっても、タイヤ内面を溶融させ易い。
　なお、多孔質体３が可撓性を有さない場合、多孔質体３の肉厚が薄肉であればよいが、薄肉の多孔質体３の場合には、例えば吸音性能など、多孔質体３に求められる機能が低下する可能性がある。また、多孔質体３が可撓性を有さない場合で、かつ、多孔質体３の肉厚が厚い場合、超音波ホーン５０から発振される超音波の強度を高める必要があるが、汎用性のある超音波溶着機を利用できない可能性がある。以上のことから、可撓性を有する多孔質体３とすることが特に好ましい。
　また、図４（ｃ）による超音波溶着を実行するためには、超音波ホーン５０から発振される超音波による振動エネルギーが、多孔質体３よりも、タイヤ内面３０に集中させることが必要である。そのためには、多孔質体３の密度を、内面層１１の密度よりも小さくすることが好ましい。このように、内面層１１に対して相対的に密度の小さい多孔質体３を用いることで、内面層１１に対して相対的に密度の大きい多孔質体を用いる場合と比較して、超音波ホーン５０から発振される超音波が、多孔質体３において減衰され難い。つまり、超音波が、タイヤ内面３０に到達し易くなる。また、多孔質体３に対して相対的に密度の大きい内面層１１を用いることで、多孔質体３に対して相対的に密度の小さい内面層を用いる場合と比較して、超音波ホーン５０から発振される超音波が、内面層１１において減衰され易い。つまり、超音波による振動エネルギーにより、タイヤ内面３０を構成する内面層１１を温度上昇させ易い構成とすることができる。以上のことから、多孔質体３の密度を、内面層１１の密度よりも小さくすることで、多孔質体３側から超音波を発振させて超音波溶着を実行する場合であっても、タイヤ内面３０を溶融させ易い。これにより、多孔質体３の一部が内面層１１に埋め込まれた構成を実現し易い。
　なお、多孔質体３の密度は、上述したように、例えば、１６ｋｇ／ｍ3～１００ｋｇ／ｍ3の範囲とすることができる。多孔質体３の密度は、内面層１１の密度よりも小さくなるように、上述の範囲から設定されることが好ましい。
　更に、図４（ｃ）による超音波溶着を実行するためには、多孔質体３よりも先に内面層１１が溶融することが必要である。そのためには、多孔質体３の融点が、内面層１１の融点よりも高いことが必要である。
　なお、多孔質体３として、例えば、融点が１００℃～２６０℃の範囲の材料を用いることができる。また、内面層１１を構成する内面部材１０として、例えば、融点が８０℃～２４０℃の範囲の材料を用いることができる。これらの範囲から、多孔質体３の融点が、内面層１１の融点よりも高くなるように設定されることが好ましい。
　このように、図４に示す多孔質体３の固定方法では、熱可塑性樹脂により形成されている、又は、熱可塑性樹脂を含有する、タイヤ内面３０を構成する内面層１１を溶融させると共に、多孔質体３を押圧して、多孔質体３の一部を、内面層１１に埋め込む。これにより、タイヤ内面３０から離型剤Ｓを除去しなくても、多孔質体３をタイヤ内面３０に固定することができる。
　なお、図４に示す固定方法で使用する超音波溶着機としては、３５ｋＨｚの周波数の超音波を発振可能なものとすることが好ましい。このようにすれば、汎用性ある２０ｋＨｚの周波数の超音波を発振可能な超音波溶着機と比較して、使用する超音波溶着機を小型化することができると共に、タイヤ内面３０に対して単位時間当たりに入力される振動エネルギーを大きくすることができる。その結果、溶着のための作業効率を高めることができる。タイヤ本体２のうちタイヤ内面３０に対して利用することを考慮すれば、超音波溶着機を小型化できる点は特に有益である。本実施形態では、３５ｋＨｚの周波数の超音波を発振可能な超音波溶着機として、ソノトロニック社の商品名「ECOiSONIC」の周波数３５ｋＨｚを発振可能なものを使用している。
　また、図１～図４に示すように、本実施形態の多孔質体３はスポンジ材により構成されているが、図５に示すような不織布状のものとしてもよい。不織布状の多孔質体３の一例として、日本バイリーン株式会社の乾燥炉用耐熱フィルタの型式「ＡＥ－１００」を用いることができる。そして、この耐熱フィルタを単層で内面層１１に埋め込み固定する場合に、超音波面圧を０．３２ｋｇ／ｍｍ2以上とすることが好ましい。また、この耐熱フィルタを２枚重ねで内面層１１に埋め込み固定する場合には、超音波面圧を０．４９ｋｇ／ｍｍ2以上とすることが好ましい。
　また、上述の耐熱フィルタを多孔質体３として用いる場合、内面層１１への所望の埋め込みを実現するため、超音波照射幅を０．３ｍｍ、かつ、超音波照射長を２５ｍｍ又は５０ｍｍとすることができる。なお、超音波照射長は２５ｍｍとすることが好ましい。
　本発明に係る、タイヤ、及び、多孔質体の固定方法、は上述した実施形態で示す具体的な構成及び工程に限られるものではなく、特許請求の範囲の記載を逸脱しない限り、種々の変形、変更が可能である。例えば、図１～図５に示す例では、多孔質体３のタイヤ幅方向Ａの全域のうち一部の部分のみが、内面層１１に埋め込まれているが、多孔質体３のタイヤ幅方向Ａの全域に亘って、内面層１１に埋め込まれる構成としてもよい。また、多孔質体３のタイヤ周方向Ｃの全域のうち一部の部分のみが、内面層１１に埋め込まれる構成であっても、多孔質体３のタイヤ周方向Ｃの全域に亘って、内面層１１に埋め込まれる構成としてもよい。なお、多孔質体３のタイヤ幅方向Ａの一部を部分的に、又は、多孔質体３のタイヤ周方向Ｃの一部を部分的に、内面層１１に埋め込む場合には、図４で説明するように、埋め込む部分のみに超音波を照射して、内面層１１を部分的に溶融させればよい。
　また、タイヤ１のベルト６における傾斜ベルト層及び周方向ベルト層の数についても、上述した実施形態で示す数に限定されるものではない。また、傾斜ベルト層及び周方向ベルト層のタイヤ幅方向Ａの長さや、その両端のタイヤ幅方向Ａでの位置関係などについても、上述した実施形態で示す長さや位置関係に限定されるものではない。
　本発明はタイヤ、及び、多孔質体の固定方法、に関する。
１：タイヤ、　２：タイヤ本体、　２ａ：トレッド部、　２ｂ：サイドウォール部、　２ｃ：ビード部、　３：多孔質体、　４：ビード部材、　４ａ：ビードコア、　４ｂ：ビードフィラ、　５：カーカス、　５ａ：カーカスプライ、　６：ベルト、　６ａ：傾斜ベルト、　６ａ１：第１傾斜ベルト層、　６ａ２：第２傾斜ベルト層、　６ｂ：周方向ベルト、　６ｂ１：第１周方向ベルト層、　６ｂ２：第２周方向ベルト層、　７：トレッドゴム、　７ａ：周方向溝、　８：サイドゴム、　９：インナーライナ、　１０：内面部材、　１１：内面層、　１２：ゴム層、　３０：タイヤ内面、　５０：超音波ホーン、　Ａ：タイヤ幅方向、　Ｂ：タイヤ径方向、　Ｃ：タイヤ周方向、　Ｓ：離型剤、　ＣＬ：タイヤ赤道面

Claims (9)

  1. 　熱可塑性樹脂により形成されている、又は、熱可塑性樹脂を含有する、タイヤ内面を構成する内面層と、
    　一部が前記内面層に埋め込まれている多孔質体と、を備えるタイヤ。
  2. 　前記多孔質体の密度は、前記内面層の密度よりも小さい、請求項１に記載のタイヤ。
  3. 　前記多孔質体は可撓性を有する、請求項１又は２に記載のタイヤ。
  4. 　前記多孔質体の融点は、前記内面層の融点よりも高い、請求項１乃至３のいずれか１つに記載のタイヤ。
  5. 　前記多孔質体は、分解点の温度が融点の温度よりも低く、かつ、前記分解点の温度が前記内面層の融点の温度よりも高い、請求項４に記載のタイヤ。
  6. 　前記多孔質体は、融点の温度が分解点の温度よりも低い、請求項４に記載のタイヤ。
  7. 　前記内面層はゴム層に積層されている、請求項１乃至６のいずれか１つに記載のタイヤ。
  8. 　前記内面層と前記多孔質体との間には離型剤が介在している、請求項１乃至７のいずれか１つに記載のタイヤ。
  9. 　熱可塑性樹脂により形成されている、又は、熱可塑性樹脂を含有する、タイヤ内面を構成する内面層を溶融させると共に、多孔質体を押圧して前記内面層に埋め込む、多孔質体の固定方法。
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