WO2018220907A1 - 成膜装置及び成膜方法 - Google Patents
成膜装置及び成膜方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018220907A1 WO2018220907A1 PCT/JP2018/005743 JP2018005743W WO2018220907A1 WO 2018220907 A1 WO2018220907 A1 WO 2018220907A1 JP 2018005743 W JP2018005743 W JP 2018005743W WO 2018220907 A1 WO2018220907 A1 WO 2018220907A1
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- vacuum chamber
- partial pressure
- water vapor
- flow rate
- film forming
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/0021—Reactive sputtering or evaporation
- C23C14/0036—Reactive sputtering
- C23C14/0042—Controlling partial pressure or flow rate of reactive or inert gases with feedback of measurements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/08—Oxides
- C23C14/086—Oxides of zinc, germanium, cadmium, indium, tin, thallium or bismuth
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/228—Gas flow assisted PVD deposition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3464—Sputtering using more than one target
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/54—Controlling or regulating the coating process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/56—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks
- C23C14/568—Transferring the substrates through a series of coating stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a film forming apparatus and a film forming method.
- a sputtering method excellent in large-area film formation, film film quality control, and the like is employed.
- oxygen gas may be introduced into the vacuum vessel in order to suppress oxygen deficiency in the transparent conductive film (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- gases other than the introduced gas are also present in the vacuum vessel.
- An example of such a gas is water vapor.
- water vapor is released from components installed in the inner wall of the processing chamber or the vacuum chamber. The water vapor is sufficiently degassed by baking while evacuating the vacuum vessel in advance or by performing preliminary discharge before film formation.
- the substrate is periodically carried into a processing chamber from another vacuum chamber, or the substrate after film forming processing is again carried out from the processing chamber to another vacuum chamber.
- a new substrate carried in from another vacuum chamber and a carrier for holding the substrate may become a water vapor source again.
- the processing chamber is opened by loading and unloading the substrate and the carrier, the water vapor may move between another vacuum chamber and the processing chamber.
- the water vapor partial pressure in the processing chamber is not stable, and the film quality of the transparent conductive film may vary from film to film.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a film forming apparatus and a film forming method in which the water vapor partial pressure in the processing chamber is stabilized and the film quality of the transparent conductive film is more stable.
- a film forming apparatus includes a first vacuum chamber, a gas supply source, a film forming source, and a control device.
- the gas supply source can supply water vapor gas to the first vacuum chamber.
- the film formation source is disposed in the first vacuum chamber and can generate a material for the transparent conductive film formed on the substrate.
- a water vapor partial pressure in the first vacuum chamber is in a range not lower than a first partial pressure and not higher than a second partial pressure higher than the first partial pressure.
- the water vapor partial pressure in the first vacuum chamber is not less than the first partial pressure and not more than the second partial pressure. Controlled to range. Thereby, the film quality of a transparent conductive film becomes more stable.
- the partial pressure of the water vapor in the first vacuum chamber includes a partial pressure of the water vapor gas supplied from the gas supply source, an inner wall of the first vacuum chamber, the substrate, the carrier, and And a partial pressure of water vapor gas discharged from at least one of the film forming sources.
- the partial pressure of the water vapor gas supplied from the gas supply source is the partial pressure of the water vapor in the first vacuum chamber, the inner wall of the first vacuum chamber, the substrate, and the carrier.
- the partial pressure of the water vapor gas discharged from at least one of the film forming sources, the water vapor partial pressure in the first vacuum chamber is controlled to be in a range from the first partial pressure to the second partial pressure, and transparent. The film quality of the conductive film is more stable.
- Control is performed to supply the water vapor gas at a first flow rate to the first vacuum chamber by the gas supply source.
- the control device causes the gas to enter the first vacuum chamber. Control is performed to supply the water vapor gas at a second flow rate larger than the first flow rate by a supply source.
- the control device When the water vapor partial pressure in the first vacuum chamber becomes larger than the third partial pressure, the control device reduces the water vapor gas to be smaller than the first flow rate by the gas supply source in the first vacuum chamber. Control to supply at the third flow rate is performed. According to such a film forming apparatus, even when water vapor is released from the substrate or the carrier, the first water vapor partial pressure in the first vacuum chamber is kept within the range of the first partial pressure to the second partial pressure. Water vapor is introduced into one vacuum chamber, and the film quality of the transparent conductive film becomes more stable.
- a second vacuum chamber connectable to the first vacuum chamber in a reduced pressure state, an opening through which the carrier is transferred between the second vacuum chamber and the first vacuum chamber, You may further provide the valve which opens and closes the said opening.
- the water vapor partial pressure in the first vacuum chamber is equal to or higher than the first partial pressure and the second partial pressure. Water vapor is introduced into the first vacuum chamber so as to be within the range below the pressure, and the film quality of the transparent conductive film is further stabilized.
- the second flow rate is greater than 100% of the first flow rate and 110% or less
- the third flow rate is 90% or more and less than 100% of the first flow rate. May be. According to such a film forming apparatus, even when water vapor is released from the substrate or the carrier, the first water vapor partial pressure in the first vacuum chamber is kept within the range of the first partial pressure to the second partial pressure. Water vapor is introduced into one vacuum chamber, and the film quality of the transparent conductive film becomes more stable.
- a film forming method includes supplying water vapor gas to a first vacuum chamber in which a reduced pressure state is maintained and a carrier holding a substrate can be carried in and out.
- a transparent conductive film material is generated from a film forming source disposed in the first vacuum chamber.
- the transparent conductive film is formed on the substrate by controlling the partial pressure of water vapor in the first vacuum chamber to a range not lower than the first partial pressure and not higher than the second partial pressure higher than the first partial pressure.
- the partial pressure of water vapor in the first vacuum chamber is controlled in the range of the first partial pressure to the second partial pressure, and the film quality of the transparent conductive film is further stabilized.
- the water vapor gas supplied from a gas supply source, the inner wall of the first vacuum chamber, the substrate, the carrier, and the film forming source are used as the water vapor gas in the first vacuum chamber. You may use the water vapor
- the water vapor partial pressure of the first vacuum chamber is supplied from the gas supply source, the inner wall of the first vacuum chamber, the substrate, the carrier, and the component. Even if it contains water vapor gas released from at least one of the film sources, the water vapor partial pressure in the first vacuum chamber is controlled to a range between the first partial pressure and the second partial pressure, and the film quality of the transparent conductive film is further improved. Stabilize.
- the first vacuum chamber when the water vapor partial pressure in the first vacuum chamber is lower than the second partial pressure and lower than or equal to a third partial pressure higher than the first partial pressure, the first vacuum chamber
- the gas supply source may supply the water vapor gas at a first flow rate, and the water vapor partial pressure in the first vacuum chamber is lower than the third partial pressure and higher than the first partial pressure.
- the pressure is lower than the pressure
- the water vapor gas may be supplied to the first vacuum chamber by the gas supply source at a second flow rate larger than the first flow rate
- the partial pressure of the water vapor in the first vacuum chamber is When it becomes larger than the third partial pressure, the water vapor gas may be supplied to the first vacuum chamber at a third flow rate smaller than the first flow rate by the gas supply source.
- the water vapor partial pressure in the first vacuum chamber is kept within the range of the first partial pressure to the second partial pressure. Water vapor is introduced into one vacuum chamber, and the film quality of the transparent conductive film becomes more stable.
- a second vacuum chamber that can be connected to the first vacuum chamber in a reduced pressure state may be used, and the substrate and the above-described substrate are placed in the first vacuum chamber through an opening from the second vacuum chamber.
- a carrier may be carried in, and sputtering deposition may be performed on the substrate in the first vacuum chamber.
- the water vapor partial pressure in the first vacuum chamber is equal to or higher than the first partial pressure and the second partial pressure. Water vapor is introduced into the first vacuum chamber so as to be within the range below the pressure, and the film quality of the transparent conductive film is further stabilized.
- the second flow rate is greater than 100% of the first flow rate and 120% or less
- the third flow rate is 80% or more and less than 100% of the first flow rate. May be. According to such a film forming method, even when water vapor is released from the substrate or the carrier, the water vapor partial pressure in the first vacuum chamber is kept within the range of the first partial pressure to the second partial pressure. Water vapor is introduced into one vacuum chamber, and the film quality of the transparent conductive film becomes more stable.
- a film forming apparatus and a film forming method in which the water vapor partial pressure in the processing chamber is stabilized and the film quality of the transparent conductive film is more stable.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a film forming apparatus according to this embodiment.
- 1 includes a vacuum vessel 10, a substrate transport mechanism 20, a film forming source 30, a gas supply source 70, a pressure gauge 75, and a control device 80.
- the vacuum vessel 10 has a first vacuum chamber 11, a second vacuum chamber 12, and a third vacuum chamber 13. In FIG. 1, a part of each of the second vacuum chamber 12 and the third vacuum chamber 13 is shown.
- the number of vacuum chambers is not limited to three, and may be two or less, or four or more.
- Each of the first vacuum chamber 11, the second vacuum chamber 12, and the third vacuum chamber 13 can maintain a reduced pressure state.
- the gas in the first vacuum chamber 11 is exhausted to the outside through an exhaust port 10d by an exhaust mechanism such as a turbo molecular pump.
- an exhaust mechanism such as a turbo molecular pump.
- Each of the second vacuum chamber 12 and the third vacuum chamber 13 is also maintained in a reduced pressure state by the exhaust mechanism.
- the exhaust mechanism may be provided with a cryotrap upstream of the turbo molecular pump.
- a continuous (for example, in-line) film forming apparatus 101 is shown.
- the second vacuum chamber 12 can be connected to the first vacuum chamber 11 in a reduced pressure state.
- the third vacuum chamber 13 can be connected to the first vacuum chamber 11 in a reduced pressure state.
- a valve 15 is provided on the side wall 10wa, and a valve 16 is provided on the side wall 10wb.
- an opening is formed between the second vacuum chamber 12 and the first vacuum chamber 11, and when the valve 15 is closed, the second vacuum chamber 12 and the first vacuum chamber 11 are The opening between is closed.
- the valve 16 is in an open state, an opening is formed between the first vacuum chamber 11 and the third vacuum chamber 13, and when the valve 16 is in a closed state, it is between the first vacuum chamber 11 and the third vacuum chamber 13. The opening of is closed.
- the first vacuum chamber 11 functions as a processing chamber capable of forming a film in the film forming apparatus 101.
- the valve 15 is opened, the substrate 21 and the carrier (substrate holder) 22 that supports the substrate 21 are carried into the first vacuum chamber 11 from the second vacuum chamber 12 through the opening, and the valve 15 is closed. Then, sputtering film formation is performed on the substrate 21 in the first vacuum chamber 11.
- the valve 16 is opened, and the substrate 21 and the carrier 22 are carried out from the first vacuum chamber 11 to the third vacuum chamber 13 through the opening.
- the substrate 21 includes, for example, a glass substrate having a rectangular planar shape.
- the surface on which the substrate 21 faces the film forming source 30 is a film forming surface 21d.
- the substrate transport mechanism 20 carries the substrate 21 into the first vacuum chamber 11 and carries it out of the first vacuum chamber 11.
- the substrate transport mechanism 20 includes a roller rotation mechanism 20r and a frame portion 20f.
- the roller rotation mechanism 20r is supported by the frame portion 20f.
- the roller rotation mechanism 20r rotates and the substrate 21 and the carrier 22 are slid and transferred from the valve 15 toward the valve 16.
- the loading / unloading of the substrate 21 in the first vacuum chamber 11 is automatically performed, for example.
- the number of substrates on which film formation processing is performed by the film formation apparatus 101 is not limited to one.
- a plurality of substrates 21 charged in the film forming apparatus 101 are periodically subjected to film formation one by one in the first vacuum chamber 11. Thereby, one of the valves 15 and 16 is opened and closed periodically.
- the film formation source 30 includes a first film formation source 31 and a second film formation source 32.
- the first film formation source 31 includes a first target 31T, a first backing tube 31B, a first magnetic circuit 31M, and a first power source 35P.
- the second film formation source 32 includes a second target 32T, a second backing tube 32B, a second magnetic circuit 32M, and a second power source 36P.
- the first target 31T and the second target 32T are so-called rotary targets.
- the first target 31T is supported by the first backing tube 31B.
- the first magnetic circuit 31M is disposed in the first target 31T and is disposed in the first backing tube 31B.
- the second target 32T is supported by the second backing tube 32B.
- the second magnetic circuit 32M is disposed in the second target 32T and is disposed in the second backing tube 32B.
- a flow path (not shown) through which a cooling medium flows may be provided inside each of the first backing tube 31B and the second backing tube 32B.
- the first target 31T and the second target 32T face the substrate 21.
- the first target 31T and the second target 32T are disposed along the transport direction (arrow T (Y-axis direction)) of the substrate 21.
- the central axis 31c of the first target 31T is parallel to the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) of the first target 31T.
- the central axis 32c of the second target 32T is parallel to the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) of the second target 32T.
- Each of the first target 31T, the first backing tube 31B, the second target 32T, and the second backing tube 32B has a cylindrical shape.
- each of the first target 31T, the first backing tube 31B, the second target 32T, and the second backing tube 32B is not limited to a cylindrical type, and may be a disk type.
- the central axis 31c of the first target 31T intersects the transport direction T of the substrate 21.
- the center axis 32c of the second target 32T intersects the transport direction of the substrate 21.
- each of the central axes 31c and 32c is orthogonal to the Y-axis direction and parallel to the X-axis direction.
- the first target 31T is configured to be rotatable about the central axis 31c.
- the second target 32T is configured to be rotatable about the central axis 32c.
- the material of the first target 31T may be the same as or different from the material of the second target 32T.
- each of the first target 31T and the second target 32T includes ITO (indium tin oxide (tin oxide content: 1 wt% or more and 15 wt% or less)).
- the content of tin oxide in ITO is an example and is not limited to this value.
- a deposition preventing plate 10 p is provided between the substrate transport mechanism 20 and the film forming source 30.
- the first magnetic circuit 31M may be configured to be rotatable about the central axis 31c
- the second magnetic circuit 32M may be configured to be rotatable about the central axis 32c. Accordingly, the position of magnetic lines of force (magnetic field formed along the surface of the first target 31T) leaking from the first magnetic circuit 31M to the surface of the first target 31T is configured to be variable. Further, the position of magnetic lines of force (magnetic field formed along the surface of the second target 32T) leaking from the second magnetic circuit 32M to the surface of the second target 32T is configured to be variable.
- each of the first magnetic circuit 31M and the second magnetic circuit 32M is disposed so as to face the substrate 21 through the target.
- the magnetic flux density on the surface of the first target 31 ⁇ / b> T is increased between the first target 31 ⁇ / b> T and the substrate 21.
- the magnetic flux density on the surface of the second target 32T increases between the second target 32T and the substrate 21.
- the first target 31T and the ground portion (the vacuum vessel 10, the substrate transfer mechanism). 20, the carrier 22, the deposition plate 10 p, and the like), and the discharge gas is ionized, and plasma is generated between the first target 31 ⁇ / b> T and the ground portion.
- the discharge gas is ionized between the second target 32T and the ground portion, and plasma is generated between the second target 32T and the ground portion.
- the voltage supplied to each target is a DC voltage or an AC voltage.
- the frequency of the AC voltage is 10 kHz or more and 300 MHz or less (for example, 13.56 MHz).
- the sputtered particles emitted from each of the first target 31T and the second target 32T reach the film formation surface 21d of the substrate 21.
- a layer for example, a transparent conductive film in which the sputtered particles S1 sputtered from the first target 31T and the sputtered particles S2 sputtered from the second target 32T are mixed is formed on the film forming surface 21d. .
- the gas supply source 70 includes a flow rate regulator 71 and a gas nozzle 72.
- the flow rate regulator 71 includes a first flow rate regulator 71a, a second flow rate regulator 71b, and a third flow rate regulator 71c.
- the gas nozzle 72 includes a first gas nozzle 72a, a second gas nozzle 72b, and a third gas nozzle 72c. Each of the first flow rate regulator 71a, the second flow rate regulator 71b, and the third flow rate regulator 71c is controlled by the control device 80.
- the numbers of the flow rate adjusters 71 and the gas nozzles 72 are not limited to the illustrated numbers.
- the first vacuum chamber 11 is supplied with discharge gas into the vacuum vessel 10 by a gas supply source 70.
- the discharge gas is, for example, a rare gas such as argon or helium, oxygen (O 2 ), water vapor (H 2 0), or the like.
- the rare gas is supplied to the first vacuum chamber 11 by the first flow rate regulator 71a and the first gas nozzle 72a.
- Oxygen is supplied to the first vacuum chamber 11 by the second flow rate regulator 71b and the second gas nozzle 72b.
- the water vapor is supplied to the first vacuum chamber 11 by the third flow rate regulator 71c and the third gas nozzle 72c.
- the pressure gauge 75 has a first pressure gauge 75a and a second pressure gauge 75b.
- the total pressure in the first vacuum chamber 11 is measured by the first pressure gauge 75a
- the water vapor partial pressure in the first vacuum chamber 11 is measured by the second pressure gauge 75b.
- the first pressure gauge 75a is an ionization vacuum gauge
- the second pressure gauge 75b is a mass spectrometer. The measurement values measured by the first pressure gauge 75a and the second pressure gauge 75b are sent to the control device 80.
- the film forming method (operation) of the film forming apparatus 101 will be described.
- the gas supply source 70 is a water vapor gas supply source for supplying water vapor gas to the first vacuum chamber 11.
- a portion other than the gas supply source 70 may be a water vapor source.
- a very small amount of water vapor gas is released from the surface of at least one of the vacuum vessel 10, the deposition plate 10p, the substrate transport mechanism 20, the substrate 21, the carrier 22, and the film forming source 30.
- the substrate transport mechanism 20 the substrate 21, the carrier 22, and the film forming source 30.
- the substrate 21 and the carrier 22 newly carried in may be a water vapor source for each film forming process.
- the carrier 22 that supports the substrate 21, the substrate transport mechanism 20 that transports the carrier 22, and the deposition preventing plate 10 p are also large.
- the water vapor gas emitted from the respective surfaces of the substrate 21, the carrier 22, the substrate transport mechanism 20 and the deposition preventing plate 10p cannot be ignored.
- the valves 15 and 16 are opened by the substrate transfer, water vapor moves between the second vacuum chamber 12 and the first vacuum chamber 11, or between the third vacuum chamber 12 and the first vacuum chamber 11. In some cases, water vapor may move.
- the water vapor gas released from other than the gas supply source 70 is added, and the water vapor partial pressure in the first vacuum chamber 11 may vary. is there. If the water vapor partial pressure in the first vacuum chamber 11 varies, the degree of oxygen deficiency in the transparent conductive film varies, and the film quality (for example, resistivity) of the transparent conductive film may vary.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the water vapor partial pressure and the resistivity of the transparent conductive film.
- the film forming conditions are as follows.
- Target material indium oxide (95 wt%) / tin oxide (5 wt%)
- Electric power 6W / cm 2 (DC power supply)
- Discharge gas Argon / water vapor Total pressure: 0.4 Pa
- Water vapor partial pressure 0 Pa or more and 0.018 Pa or less
- Substrate temperature 37 ° C.
- Film annealing 120 ° C, 60 minutes
- FIG. 2 shows the result of ITO film deposited on glass substrate (ITO Layer / Glass) and the result of ITO film deposited on glass substrate via IM (Matched) film (ITO Layer / IM Layer / Glass). As shown in FIG. 2, it can be seen that the resistivity of the ITO film changes according to the water vapor partial pressure.
- the water vapor partial pressure (P H20 ) in the first vacuum chamber 11 is divided by the water vapor gas supplied from the gas supply source 70 and the water vapor gas released from other than the gas supply source 70. It is necessary to control the total amount of water vapor present in the first vacuum chamber 11 on the assumption that the pressure is included.
- FIG. 3 is a time chart for controlling the water vapor partial pressure in the first vacuum chamber.
- the horizontal axis represents time (standard value)
- the left vertical axis represents water vapor partial pressure (standard value)
- the right vertical axis represents water vapor flow rate (standard value) from the gas supply source 70.
- the control device 80 corresponds to the water vapor partial pressure (P H20 ) measured by the second pressure gauge 75 b.
- the flow rate of water vapor supplied from the gas supply source 70 to the first vacuum chamber 11 is controlled.
- the control device 80 controls the water vapor partial pressure in the first vacuum chamber 11 to be in the range of the first partial pressure (P1) to the second partial pressure (P2).
- P1 first partial pressure
- P2 second partial pressure
- the substrate 21 and the carrier 22 are transferred from the other vacuum chamber to the first vacuum chamber 11 of the film forming apparatus 101.
- the first vacuum chamber 11 is evacuated by the exhaust mechanism.
- the water vapor partial pressure (P H20 ) in the first vacuum chamber 11 gradually decreases (FIG. 3: section A).
- water vapor is not supplied to the first vacuum chamber 11 by the gas supply source 70.
- the control device 80 supplies water vapor gas to the first vacuum chamber 11 by the gas supply source 70. Control is performed at a single flow rate (F1).
- the third partial pressure (P3) is lower than the second partial pressure (P2) and higher than the first partial pressure (P1).
- the control device 80 supplies water vapor gas to the first vacuum chamber 11 by the gas supply source 70. Control is performed to supply a second flow rate (F2) larger than the first flow rate (F1).
- the fourth partial pressure (P4) is a partial pressure lower than the third partial pressure (P3) and higher than the first partial pressure (P1).
- the control device 80 supplies water vapor to the first vacuum chamber 11 by the gas supply source 70. Control is performed to supply a third flow rate (F3) smaller than one flow rate (F1).
- the first partial pressure (P1) is 8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa and the fourth partial pressure (P4) is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa to 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3.
- the third partial pressure (P3) is 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 Pa and the second partial pressure (P2) is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 Pa to 2 ⁇ 10. -2 Pa or less.
- the second flow rate (F2) is a flow rate that is greater than 100% and less than or equal to 120% of the first flow rate (F1).
- the second flow rate (F2) is 110% of the first flow rate (F1).
- the third flow rate (F3) is a flow rate that is 80% or more and less than 100% of the first flow rate (F1).
- the third flow rate (F3) is 90% of the first flow rate (F1).
- the film formation of the transparent conductive film is performed in a state where the water vapor partial pressure is within the range of the first partial pressure (P1) to the second partial pressure (P2) (FIG. 3: B section). If such control is performed, the water vapor partial pressure in the first vacuum chamber 11 is reliably controlled within the range of the first partial pressure (P1) or more and the second partial pressure (P2) or less, and the film quality of the transparent conductive film (for example, , Resistivity) variation is suppressed.
- water vapor gas is supplied to the first vacuum chamber 11 in which the substrate 21 and the carrier 22 can be carried in and out, and the transparent conductive material is supplied from the film forming source 30 disposed in the first vacuum chamber 11. Generate membrane material. Then, the transparent conductive film is formed on the substrate 21 by controlling the water vapor partial pressure (P H20 ) in the first vacuum chamber 11 to be in the range from the first partial pressure (P 1) to the second partial pressure (P 2).
- the water vapor partial pressure (P H20 ) in the first vacuum chamber 11 is the first minute.
- the pressure is controlled in the range from the pressure (P1) to the second partial pressure (P2), and the film quality of the transparent conductive film becomes more stable.
- FIG. 4 (a) and 4 (b) are graphs showing an example of the relationship between the oxygen partial pressure and the resistivity of the ITO film.
- FIG. 4B shows an example in which water vapor gas is added during the ITO film formation.
- the film forming conditions are as follows. Note that the white triangle marks in the figure are subjected to film annealing at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes after film formation.
- Target material indium oxide (95 wt%) / tin oxide (5 wt%)
- Electric power 6kW / m (DC power supply)
- Discharge gas argon / oxygen (FIG. 4 (a)), argon / oxygen / water vapor (FIG. 4 (b))
- Substrate temperature 37 ° C
- the resistivity of the ITO film changes according to the oxygen partial pressure.
- the resistivity of the ITO film decreases.
- the resistivity of the ITO film tends to increase again.
- Such a change in resistivity is caused by, for example, one factor that the electron mobility decreases due to oxygen vacancies, or conversely the carriers increase due to oxygen vacancies.
- the annealed ITO film is annealed, the resistivity of the ITO film tends to further decrease. This is thought to be due to the fact that the crystallization of the ITO film progressed due to the annealing treatment, and the resistivity of the ITO film further decreased.
- the resistivity selection range of the ITO film can be expanded by adjusting the partial pressure of water vapor in forming the ITO film.
- first power source 36P ... second power source 70 ... gas supply source 71 ... flow rate regulator 71b ... first flow rate Adjuster 71a ... second flow rate adjuster 71c ... third flow rate adjuster 72 ... gas nozzle 72a ... first gas nozzle 72b ... second gas nozzle 72c ... third gas Nozzle 75 ... Pressure gauge 75a ... First pressure gauge 75b ... Second pressure gauge 80 ... Control device 101 ... Film forming device
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Abstract
Description
このような成膜装置によれば、上記第1真空室において上記ガス供給源以外から水蒸気が放出しても、上記第1真空室における水蒸気分圧が第1分圧以上第2分圧以下の範囲に制御される。これにより、透明導電膜の膜質がより安定する。
このような成膜装置によれば、上記第1真空室の上記水蒸気分圧が上記ガス供給源から供給される上記水蒸気ガスによる分圧と、上記第1真空室の内壁、上記基板、上記キャリア及び上記成膜源の少なくともいずれかから放出する水蒸気ガスによる分圧とを含んでも、上記第1真空室における上記水蒸気分圧が第1分圧以上第2分圧以下の範囲に制御され、透明導電膜の膜質がより安定する。
このような成膜装置によれば、上記基板または上記キャリアから水蒸気が放出しても、上記第1真空室における水蒸気分圧が第1分圧以上第2分圧以下の範囲に収まるように第1真空室に水蒸気が導入され、透明導電膜の膜質がより安定する。
このような成膜装置によれば、上記第2真空室と上記第1真空室との間で水蒸気が移動しても、上記第1真空室における水蒸気分圧が第1分圧以上第2分圧以下の範囲に収まるように第1真空室に水蒸気が導入され、透明導電膜の膜質がより安定する。
このような成膜装置によれば、上記基板または上記キャリアから水蒸気が放出しても、上記第1真空室における水蒸気分圧が第1分圧以上第2分圧以下の範囲に収まるように第1真空室に水蒸気が導入され、透明導電膜の膜質がより安定する。
このような成膜方法によれば、上記第1真空室における水蒸気分圧が第1分圧以上第2分圧以下の範囲に制御され、透明導電膜の膜質がより安定する。
このような成膜方法によれば、上記第1真空室の上記水蒸気分圧が上記ガス供給源から供給される上記水蒸気ガスと、上記第1真空室の内壁、上記基板、上記キャリア及び上記成膜源の少なくともいずれかから放出する水蒸気ガスとを含んでも、上記第1真空室における上記水蒸気分圧が第1分圧以上第2分圧以下の範囲に制御され、透明導電膜の膜質がより安定する。
このような成膜方法によれば、上記基板または上記キャリアから水蒸気が放出しても、上記第1真空室における水蒸気分圧が第1分圧以上第2分圧以下の範囲に収まるように第1真空室に水蒸気が導入され、透明導電膜の膜質がより安定する。
このような成膜方法によれば、上記第2真空室と上記第1真空室との間で水蒸気が移動しても、上記第1真空室における水蒸気分圧が第1分圧以上第2分圧以下の範囲に収まるように第1真空室に水蒸気が導入され、透明導電膜の膜質がより安定する。
このような成膜方法によれば、上記基板または上記キャリアから水蒸気が放出しても、上記第1真空室における水蒸気分圧が第1分圧以上第2分圧以下の範囲に収まるように第1真空室に水蒸気が導入され、透明導電膜の膜質がより安定する。
ターゲット材:酸化インジウム(95wt%)/酸化スズ(5wt%)
電力:6W/cm2(DC電源)
放電ガス:アルゴン/水蒸気
全圧:0.4Pa
水蒸気流量/(アルゴン流量+水蒸気流量):0%以上4%以下
水蒸気分圧:0Pa以上0.018Pa以下
基板温度:37℃
膜アニール:120℃、60分
ターゲット材:酸化インジウム(95wt%)/酸化スズ(5wt%)
電力:6kW/m(DC電源)
放電ガス:アルゴン/酸素(図4(a))、アルゴン/酸素/水蒸気(図4(b))
全圧:0.4Pa
酸素分圧:0.004Pa以上0.023Pa以下
水蒸気分圧:0.009Pa(図4(b))
基板温度:37℃
10wa、10wb…側壁
10p…防着板
10d…排気口
11…第1真空室
12…第2真空室
13…第3真空室
15、16…バルブ
20…基板搬送機構
20r…ローラ回転機構
20f…フレーム部
21…基板
21d…成膜面
22…キャリア
30…成膜源
31…第1成膜源
31M…第1磁気回路
31T…第1ターゲット
31B…第1バッキングチューブ
32…第2成膜源
32M…第2磁気回路
32B…第2バッキングチューブ
32T…第2ターゲット
31c、32c…中心軸
35P…第1電源
36P…第2電源
70…ガス供給源
71…流量調整器
71b…第1流量調整器
71a…第2流量調整器
71c…第3流量調整器
72…ガスノズル
72a…第1ガスノズル
72b…第2ガスノズル
72c…第3ガスノズル
75…圧力計
75a…第1圧力計
75b…第2圧力計
80…制御装置
101…成膜装置
Claims (10)
- 減圧状態が維持され、基板を保持するキャリアの搬入出が可能な第1真空室と、
前記第1真空室に、水蒸気ガスを供給することが可能なガス供給源と、
前記第1真空室に配置され、前記基板に形成される透明導電膜の材料を発生させることが可能な成膜源と、
前記透明導電膜が前記基板に形成される際に、前記第1真空室の水蒸気分圧を第1分圧以上で前記第1分圧よりも高い第2分圧以下の範囲に制御する制御装置と
を具備する成膜装置。 - 請求項1に記載の成膜装置であって、
前記第1真空室の前記水蒸気分圧は、前記ガス供給源から供給される前記水蒸気ガスによる分圧と、前記第1真空室の内壁、前記基板、前記キャリア及び前記成膜源の少なくともいずれかから放出する水蒸気ガスによる分圧とを含む
成膜装置。 - 請求項1または2に記載の成膜装置であって、
前記制御装置は、前記第1真空室の前記水蒸気分圧が前記第2分圧よりも低く前記第1分圧よりも高い第3分圧以下になった場合、前記第1真空室に前記ガス供給源によって前記水蒸気ガスを第1流量で供給し、前記第1真空室の前記水蒸気分圧が前記第3分圧よりも低く前記第1分圧よりも高い第4分圧以下になった場合、前記第1真空室に前記ガス供給源によって前記水蒸気ガスを前記第1流量よりも大きい第2流量で供給し、前記第1真空室の前記水蒸気分圧が前記第3分圧よりも大きくなった場合、前記第1真空室に前記ガス供給源によって前記水蒸気ガスを前記第1流量よりも小さい第3流量で供給する制御を行う
成膜装置。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の成膜装置であって、
前記第1真空室に減圧状態で連結可能な第2真空室と、
前記第2真空室と前記第1真空室との間で前記キャリアが移送される開口と、
前記開口を開閉するバルブとをさらに備えた
成膜装置。 - 請求項3または4に記載の成膜装置であって、
前記第2流量は、前記第1流量の100%よりも大きく120%以下であり、
前記第3流量は、前記第1流量の80%以上で100%よりも小さい
成膜装置。 - 減圧状態が維持され基板を保持するキャリアの搬入出が可能な第1真空室に、水蒸気ガスを供給し、
前記第1真空室に配置された成膜源から透明導電膜材料を発生させ、
前記第1真空室の水蒸気分圧を第1分圧以上で前記第1分圧よりも高い第2分圧以下の範囲に制御して透明導電膜を前記基板に形成する
成膜方法。 - 請求項6に記載の成膜方法であって、
前記第1真空室の前記水蒸気ガスとして、ガス供給源から供給される水蒸気ガスと、前記第1真空室の内壁、前記基板、前記キャリア及び前記成膜源の少なくともいずれかから放出する水蒸気ガスとを用いる
成膜方法。 - 請求項6または8に記載の成膜方法であって、
前記第1真空室の前記水蒸気分圧が前記第2分圧よりも低く前記第1分圧よりも高い第3分圧以下になった場合、前記第1真空室に前記ガス供給源によって前記水蒸気ガスを第1流量で供給し、前記第1真空室の前記水蒸気分圧が前記第3分圧よりも低く前記第1分圧よりも高い第4分圧以下になった場合、前記第1真空室に前記ガス供給源によって前記水蒸気ガスを前記第1流量よりも大きい第2流量で供給し、前記第1真空室の前記水蒸気分圧が前記第3分圧よりも大きくなった場合、前記第1真空室に前記ガス供給源によって前記水蒸気ガスを前記第1流量よりも小さい第3流量で供給する
成膜方法。 - 請求項6~8のいずれか1つに記載の成膜方法であって、
前記第1真空室に減圧状態で連結可能な第2真空室を用い、
前記第2真空室から開口を介して前記第1真空室に、前記基板及び前記キャリアを搬入し、
前記第1真空室で前記基板にスパッタリング成膜をする
成膜方法。 - 請求項8または9に記載の成膜方法であって、
前記第2流量は、前記第1流量の100%よりも大きく120%以下であり、
前記第3流量は、前記第1流量の80%以上で100%よりも小さい
成膜方法。
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