WO2018194113A1 - 冷媒を含有する組成物及びその応用 - Google Patents
冷媒を含有する組成物及びその応用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018194113A1 WO2018194113A1 PCT/JP2018/016070 JP2018016070W WO2018194113A1 WO 2018194113 A1 WO2018194113 A1 WO 2018194113A1 JP 2018016070 W JP2018016070 W JP 2018016070W WO 2018194113 A1 WO2018194113 A1 WO 2018194113A1
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- refrigerant
- composition
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- mixture
- refrigerator
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- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
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- C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M107/22—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
- C10M2209/043—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/102—Polyesters
- C10M2209/1023—Polyesters used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/1033—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
- C10M2211/022—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only aliphatic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition containing a refrigerant and its application.
- refrigerators are refrigerants (so-called R22 retrofit refrigerants) that have the same compressor outlet pressure as R22 in the refrigeration cycle as a substitute refrigerant for R22, and have a small GWP and the same as R22
- refrigerants that combine the performance of nonflammable refrigerants (ASHRAE nonflammable (Class 1 refrigerant defined by ANSI / ASHRAE34-2013)).
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 as alternative refrigerants for R404A, difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf) and 1,1,1,2-tetra A refrigerant composition containing fluoroethane (R134a) has been reported.
- the refrigerant composition has the same refrigeration capacity as R404A, COP is equal to or higher than R404A, GWP is small, compressor outlet temperature is 130 ° C or less, and has ASHRAE noncombustible performance. Has not yet been developed.
- the present invention has a refrigeration capacity equivalent to that of R404A that is currently widely used, COP is equivalent or higher than R404A, GWP is 1500 or less, compressor outlet temperature is 130 ° C or less, And it aims at providing the composition containing a refrigerant
- a composition containing a refrigerant contains a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons;
- the mixture contains 99.5% by weight or more of difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125) and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) in total of these concentrations
- R32 difluoromethane
- R125 pentafluoroethane
- R134a 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
- Item 2 A composition containing a refrigerant, The refrigerant contains a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons; The mixture contains R32, R125 and R134a in a total of these concentrations of 99.5% by weight or more,
- Point G '(R32 / R125 / R134a 25.2 / 11.4 / 63.4 wt%),
- Point T (R32 / R125 / R134a 24.9 / 9.3 / 65.8 wt%)
- Point R (R32 / R125 / R134a 19.5 / 4.3 / 76.2 wt%)
- Point I '(R32 / R125 / R134a 17.9 / 8.7 / 73.4 wt%), Item 4.
- composition according to Item 1 wherein the composition has a composition ratio within a range surrounded by a quadrangle having four points as a vertex.
- Item 3. Item 3. The composition according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the mixture further contains water.
- Item 4. Item 4. The composition according to any one of Items 1 to 3, further comprising at least one substance selected from the group consisting of a tracer, a compatibilizer, an ultraviolet fluorescent dye, a stabilizer, and a polymerization inhibitor.
- Item 5. Item 3. The composition according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the mixture consists only of R32, R125, and R134a.
- Item 6. Item 6.
- Item 7. Item 7. The composition according to Item 6, wherein the refrigerating machine oil contains at least one selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycol (PAG), polyol ester (POE), and polyvinyl ether (PVE).
- Item 8. At least selected from the group consisting of a refrigerator, a freezer, a water cooler, an ice maker, a refrigerated showcase, a refrigerated showcase, a refrigerated refrigerator unit, a refrigerator for a refrigerator refrigerator, a chiller (chilling unit), a turbo refrigerator, and a screw refrigerator Item 8.
- Item 9. Item 8.
- a refrigeration method comprising a step of operating a refrigeration cycle using the composition according to any one of Items 1 to 7.
- Item 10. A method for operating a refrigerator, wherein a refrigeration cycle is operated using the composition according to any one of Items 1 to 7.
- Item 11. Item 8.
- a refrigerator comprising the composition according to any one of Items 1 to 7.
- the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention contains a mixture containing difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125) and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) at a specific concentration, and the composition
- R32 difluoromethane
- R125 pentafluoroethane
- R134a 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
- the composition has a refrigerating capacity comparable to that of R404A, has a COP equivalent to or higher than that of R404A, a GWP of 1500 or lower, and an ASHRAE noncombustible performance.
- Such a composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention is suitable as a working fluid used in a refrigeration method including a step of operating a refrigeration cycle.
- the composition diagram of R32, R125, and R134a it is a diagram showing the composition of the mixture contained in the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention (rectangle surrounded by points G, T, R, and I).
- the composition of the mixture with GWP of 1500 or less, compressor outlet temperature of 147.5 ° C. or less, and refrigeration capacity of 107.5% or more with respect to R404A points O and P And a triangle surrounded by Q.
- refrigerant includes at least a compound assigned with a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) beginning with R representing the type of refrigerant, as defined by ISO817 (International Organization for Standardization), and the refrigerant number is Even if it has not been attached yet, those having characteristics as refrigerants equivalent to those are included.
- refrigerants are roughly classified into “fluorocarbon compounds” and “non-fluorocarbon compounds” in terms of the structure of the compounds. “Fluorocarbon compounds” include chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) and hydrofluorocarbon (HFC).
- non-fluorocarbon-based compound examples include propane (R290), propylene (R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), ammonia (R717), and the like.
- composition containing a refrigerant includes (1) a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants) and (2) other components, and is mixed with at least a refrigerating machine oil.
- the composition which can be used in order to obtain the working fluid for machines, and (3) the working fluid for refrigerators containing refrigerating machine oil are contained at least.
- the composition of (2) is distinguished from the refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants) and is referred to as “a composition containing a refrigerant”.
- the second refrigerant can be used by changing only a few parts (at least one of refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve, dryer and other parts) and adjusting the equipment as necessary. Thus, it can be operated under optimum conditions. That is, this type refers to operating the same equipment by “substituting” for the refrigerant.
- this type of “alternative”, “drop-in replacement”, “nearly drop-in” in order of decreasing change or adjustment required for replacement with the second refrigerant
- the equipment designed to operate using the second refrigerant can be used by mounting the second refrigerant for the same application as the existing application of the first refrigerant. Included in the term “alternative”. This type refers to providing the same application by “substituting” the refrigerant.
- the term “refrigerator” refers to all devices that keep the temperature lower than that of the surrounding outside air by taking away the heat of the object or space.
- the refrigerator refers to a conversion device that obtains energy from outside and performs work to convert energy in order to transfer heat from the lower temperature to the higher temperature.
- the refrigerant contains a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons, and the mixture contains difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125) and 1,1,1,2- Tetrafluoroethane (R134a) is contained at 99.5% by weight or more in total of these concentrations.
- the composition ratio of the fluorinated hydrocarbon contained in the mixture is a three-component composition diagram (FIG. 1) in which the total concentration of R32, R125 and R134a is 100% by weight.
- the composition ratio is within a range surrounded by a quadrangle having four vertices.
- composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention has the same non-combustibility, substituting refrigeration capacity, etc. compared to R404A, COP is equivalent or higher, and GWP is 1500 or less. Have both.
- the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention is ASHRAE non-combustible (details such as definition will be described later), as with R404A, and thus can be used with higher safety than combustible refrigerants. Wide range.
- GWP When GWP is set to 1500 or less, the environmental load can be suppressed more significantly than other general-purpose refrigerants from the viewpoint of global warming. Also, it is preferable to set GWP to 1475 or less because the environmental load can be further suppressed. Furthermore, because it is non-flammable, it is safer and has a wider range of use than combustible refrigerants.
- any refrigerating capacity that can be substituted for R404A may be used. Specifically, it is 76.5% or higher, preferably 80% or higher, and 85% or higher for R404A. Is more preferable.
- R404A is a refrigerant that is currently widely used as a refrigerant for refrigeration and refrigeration, and the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention is an alternative composition to the conventionally known refrigerant composition containing R404A. Can do.
- the compressor outlet temperature in the refrigeration cycle is preferably 130 ° C. or less from the viewpoint of preventing deterioration of equipment and refrigerator oil.
- the COP for R404A may be equal or higher (100% or higher), but is preferably 105% or higher, more preferably 107.5% or higher, still more preferably 110% or higher, and particularly preferably 112% or higher.
- the mixture contained in the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention preferably has a compressor outlet pressure in the refrigeration cycle equivalent to R22 (R22 retrofit).
- R22 is widely used as a refrigerant for refrigeration and refrigeration before R404A prevails, and there are still many refrigerators using R22 as a refrigerant, but R22 will be abolished in advanced countries in 2020 due to HCFC regulations Therefore, there is a strong demand for alternative refrigerants.
- the compressor outlet pressure which is the maximum pressure in the refrigeration cycle, be equal to R22.
- the compressor outlet pressure is preferably 110% or less, more preferably 100% or less with respect to R22.
- the refrigerant contains a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons, and the mixture contains three basic components: difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125), and 1,1 , 1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) alone.
- a composition (Form 1) containing a refrigerant according to an example of an embodiment of the present invention comprises:
- the refrigerant contains a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons;
- the mixture contains 99.5% by weight or more of difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125) and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) in total of these concentrations.
- the composition ratio of the fluorinated hydrocarbon contained in the mixture is a three-component composition diagram (FIG. 1) in which the total concentration of R32, R125 and R134a is 100% by weight.
- the composition ratio is within a range surrounded by a quadrangle having four vertices.
- the composition is used as an alternative refrigerant for R22, which is an HCFC refrigerant, or an alternative refrigerant for R404A, which is a mixed refrigerant.
- the straight line (P ') passing through the two points of point T and point R is the ASHRAE nonflammability limit line when the allowable range (allowable concentration) at the time of manufacturing R32, R125 and R134a is set to ⁇ 2.0%
- a straight line (L) passing through two points, point G and point I is a line indicating a composition ratio to be GWP1500.
- a straight line passing through two points, point I and point R is a line indicating a composition ratio with a refrigerating capacity of 76.5% relative to R404A
- a straight line passing through two points, point G and point T is the compressor outlet. This is a line showing a temperature of 130 ° C.
- the rectangle surrounded by the point GTRI indicates that the GWP is 1500 or less, becomes ASHRAE incombustible considering the safety factor, the compressor outlet temperature is 130 ° C or less, and the refrigeration capacity is 76.5% or more with respect to R404A. .
- Form 2 it is a composition containing a refrigerant
- the refrigerant contains a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons;
- the mixture contains 99.5% by weight or more of R32, R125 and R134a in total of these concentrations.
- the composition ratio of the fluorinated hydrocarbon contained in the mixture is a three-component composition diagram (FIG. 1) in which the total concentration of R32, R125 and R134a is 100% by weight.
- the composition ratio is within a range surrounded by a quadrangle having four vertices.
- the composition is used as an alternative refrigerant for R22 or an alternative refrigerant for R404A, which is a mixed refrigerant.
- the rectangle surrounded by the point G'TRI ' has an GWP of 1475 or less, non-flammable ASHRAE with a safety factor, compressor outlet temperature of 130 ° C or less, and refrigeration capacity of 76.5% or more of R404A. Indicates the area.
- the following form 3 is particularly preferable.
- the composition contains a refrigerant, and the refrigerant contains a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons.
- the composition ratio of the fluorinated hydrocarbon contained in the mixture is a three-component composition diagram (FIG. 2) in which the total concentration of R32, R125 and R134a is 100% by weight.
- the composition ratio is included in the range of the triangle with the three points as vertices.
- the composition containing the refrigerant is used as an alternative refrigerant for R404A, which is a mixed refrigerant.
- the triangle surrounded by the point OPQ indicates a region where GWP is 1500 or less, the compressor outlet temperature is 147.5 ° C. or less, and the refrigeration capacity is 107.5% or more with respect to R404A.
- the straight line P 'that passes through the two points X and Y is the ASHRAE nonflammability limit when the allowable range (allowable concentration) for manufacturing R32, R125 and R134a is set to ⁇ 2.0%.
- a straight line passing through two points, point A and point B shows a line indicating a composition ratio that becomes GWP1500 based on AR4, and a straight line passing through two points, point I and point J, has a refrigeration capacity of R404A
- a line showing the composition ratio of 76.5% is shown.
- the flammability classification of refrigerants is based on ANSI / ASHRAE Standard 34-2013, and those classified as class 1 are non-flammable refrigerants. That is, the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention is ASHRAE non-combustible, which means that the mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons (especially the basic three components) used in the present invention is classified into the class 1 in the flammability classification. means.
- WCFF Wide case of fractionation for flammability
- ASTM E681 -09 Standard test method for flammable concentration limit of chemicals (vapor and gas)] Can be identified as non-combustible in a class 1 test.
- the R125 side is classified as an ASHRAE non-combustible mixed refrigerant
- the R32 side is classified as an ASHRAE combustible mixed refrigerant (class 2: slightly flammable mixed refrigerant
- class 3 strong flammable mixed refrigerant).
- the allowable range (allowable error) is set for each refrigerant.
- the ASHRAE non-combustible mixed refrigerant is not defined unless it is on the R125 side from XY.
- R32 28.0 wt% ⁇ 2.0 wt%
- R125 12.2 wt% ⁇ 2.0 wt%
- R134a 59.8 wt% ⁇ 2.0 wt%
- the entire allowable range is on the R125 side from the line segment XY Therefore, the mixed refrigerant with this allowable range is classified as an ASHRAE non-combustible mixed refrigerant.
- R134a 21.2 wt% ⁇ 2.0 wt%, as shown in Fig. 4, the entire allowable range is on the R125 side from the line segment XY Therefore, the mixed refrigerant with this allowable range is classified as an ASHRAE non-combustible mixed refrigerant.
- the allowable range of R32 is ⁇ 2.0% by weight
- the allowable range of R125 is ⁇ 2.0% by weight
- the allowable range of R134a is ⁇ 2.0% by weight
- the allowable range is the range where all the allowable ranges are on the R125 side from the line XY Figure 4 shows the details of the ASHRAE nonflammability limit line.
- WCF (Worst of fractionation) indicates the most flammable point within the allowable range.
- WCF is on the line segment P (30.0 / 10.2). /59.8).
- WCF is (50.0 / 28.8 / 21.2) on the line segment P.
- the allowable range of R32 is ⁇ 2.0% by weight
- the allowable range of R125 is ⁇ 2.0% by weight
- the allowable range of R134a is ⁇ 2.0% by weight
- the mixture contained in the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention may further contain a trace amount of water, the amount of which is The content is preferably 0.1% by weight or less with respect to 100% by weight of the mixture.
- the mixture contained in the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention includes an embodiment composed of only three basic components and water. When the mixture contains a trace amount of water, the intramolecular double bond of unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons that can be contained in the refrigerant-containing composition can be stably present, and the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon can also be present. As a result, the stability of the composition containing the mixture and the refrigerant is improved.
- the mixture contained in the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention may contain other components (fluorinated hydrocarbons different from the basic three components) in addition to the basic three components (R32, R125, and R134a). It can.
- the fluorinated hydrocarbon as the other component is not particularly limited, and at least one fluorinated carbon selected from the group consisting of HCFC-1122, HCFC-124, CFC-1113 and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne. Hydrogen is mentioned.
- the mixture contained in the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention includes, as other components, formula (1): C m H n X p [where X Each independently represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, m is 1 or 2, 2m + 2 ⁇ n + p, and p ⁇ 1. ] At least 1 type of halogenated organic compound represented by these can be contained.
- the halogenated organic compound as the other component is not particularly limited.
- difluorochloromethane difluorochloromethane, chloromethane, 2-chloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, 2-chloro-1,1, 1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene and the like are preferable.
- the mixture contained in the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention includes, as other components, formula (2): C m H n X p [where X Each independently represents an atom that is not a halogen atom, m is 1 or 2, 2m + 2 ⁇ n + p, and p ⁇ 1. ] At least 1 type of organic compound represented by these can be contained.
- the organic compound as the other component is not particularly limited, and for example, propane, isobutane and the like are preferable.
- the content of other components in the mixture includes other components alone or in combination of two or more.
- the total amount is preferably less than 0.5% by weight, more preferably 0.3% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 0.1% by weight or less.
- composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention may appropriately contain various additives in addition to the mixture.
- the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention can be used to obtain a working fluid for a refrigerator by further mixing at least with the refrigerator oil.
- the working fluid for the refrigerator is obtained by mixing the refrigerator oil used in the compressor of the refrigerator and the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention.
- the refrigerating machine oil in the working fluid for the refrigerator is usually 1 to 50% by weight when the total amount of the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention and the refrigerator oil is 100% by weight. included.
- the refrigerating machine oil is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from commonly used refrigerating machine oils.
- action etc. which improve the compatibility (miscibility) with the said mixture, the stability of the said mixture, etc. can be selected suitably as needed.
- the type of refrigerating machine oil is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of, for example, polyalkylene glycol (PAG), polyol ester (POE), and polyvinyl ether (PVE).
- PAG polyalkylene glycol
- POE polyol ester
- PVE polyvinyl ether
- the refrigerating machine oil for example, one having a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 5 to 400 cSt can be used. A kinematic viscosity within this range is preferable from the viewpoint of lubricity.
- the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention may further contain one or more tracers.
- a tracer is added to a composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention at a detectable concentration so that if the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention is diluted, contaminated, or any other change, the change can be tracked.
- the tracer is not particularly limited, and hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), deuterated hydrocarbon, deuterated hydrofluorocarbon, perfluorocarbon, fluoroether, brominated compound, iodinated compound, alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, nitrous oxide. (N 2 O) and the like are preferable, and hydrofluorocarbon or fluoroether is particularly preferable.
- the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention can further contain a compatibilizing agent.
- the type of the compatibilizer is not particularly limited, and polyoxyalkylene glycol ether, amide, nitrile, ketone, chlorocarbon, ester, lactone, aryl ether, fluoroether, 1,1,1-trifluoroalkane, and the like are preferable. Oxyalkylene glycol ether is particularly preferred.
- the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention may further contain one or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.
- the ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not particularly limited, and naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, and fluorescein, and derivatives thereof are preferable, and either or both of naphthalimide and coumarin are particularly preferable.
- composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention can further contain a stabilizer, a polymerization inhibitor and the like, if necessary.
- the stabilizer is not particularly limited, and (i) aliphatic nitro compounds such as nitromethane and nitroethane, aromatic nitro compounds such as nitrobenzene and nitrostyrene, (ii) ethers such as 1,4-dioxane, 2,2 , 3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine, amines such as diphenylamine, butylhydroxyxylene, benzotriazole and the like. Stabilizers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the concentration of the stabilizer varies depending on the type of the stabilizer, it can be set to a level that does not hinder the properties of the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention.
- the concentration of the stabilizer is usually preferably about 0.01 to 5 parts by weight and more preferably about 0.05 to 2 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the mixture.
- the method for evaluating the stability of the mixture is not particularly limited, and can be evaluated by a generally used method.
- An example of such a method is a method of evaluating the amount of free fluorine ions as an index according to ASHRAE standard 97-2007.
- a method for evaluating the total acid value (total acid number) as an index is also included. This method can be performed, for example, according to ASTM D-974-06.
- the polymerization inhibitor is not particularly limited.
- 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, benzotriazole, etc. Is mentioned.
- the concentration of the polymerization inhibitor is usually preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably about 0.05 to 2 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the mixture.
- an object can be frozen by a method including a step of operating a refrigeration cycle using the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention.
- the refrigeration cycle can be configured by circulating a composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention through a compressor.
- the apparatus which comprises the refrigerating cycle which circulates the composition containing the refrigerant
- Examples of the refrigerator that can use the composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention include a refrigerator, a freezer, a refrigerator, an ice maker, a refrigerator showcase, a refrigerator showcase, a refrigerator refrigerator unit, a refrigerator refrigerator, a refrigerator refrigerator, and the like. , Chillers (chilling units), turbo refrigerators, screw refrigerators, and the like, but are not limited to these.
- the COP, refrigeration capacity, compressor outlet temperature, and compressor outlet pressure of R404A and R32, R125, and R134a mixed refrigerants are as follows: National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST), Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0), and the refrigeration cycle theoretical calculation of the refrigerant and the mixed refrigerant was performed under the following conditions. Evaporation temperature -40 °C Condensation temperature 40 °C Overheating temperature 20K Supercooling temperature 0K Compressor efficiency 70%
- composition of the composition containing the refrigerants of the examples other than the examples and comparative examples indicated by each point is indicated by ⁇
- composition of the composition containing the refrigerant of the comparative example is indicated by ⁇ .
- Tables 1 and 2 show the GWP, COP, and refrigeration capacity calculated based on these results. In addition, about COP and refrigerating capacity, the ratio with respect to R404A is shown.
- COP (refrigeration capacity or heating capacity) / power consumption
- the flammability of the basic three-component mixture constituting the refrigerant-containing composition was evaluated according to the US ASHRAE 34-2013 standard.
- the combustion range was measured using the measuring apparatus of FIG. 5 based on ASTM E681-09.
- Test container 280 mm ⁇ spherical shape (internal volume: 12 liters)
- Test temperature 60 °C ⁇ 3 °C Pressure: 101.3 kPa ⁇ 0.7 kPa
- Ignition method AC discharge, voltage 15kV, current 30mA, neon transformer electrode spacing: 6.4 mm (1/4 inch) Spark: 0.4 seconds ⁇ 0.05 seconds
- composition containing the refrigerant of the present invention is nonflammable, and no combustion is observed even when mixed with air in any ratio.
- compositions containing the refrigerants of Comparative Examples 4 and 6 were nonflammable, but their refrigeration capacities were as low as 53.5% and 53.2% with respect to R404A.
- the compressor outlet temperature was as high as 141 ° C.
- A: Composition ratio of GWP 1500 based on AR4 and R134a concentration (wt%) of 0 wt%
- B: Composition ratio of GWP 1500 based on AR4 and R32 concentration (wt%) of 0 wt%
- a ': Composition ratio of GWP 1475 based on AR4 and R134a concentration (wt%) of 0 wt%
- B ′: Composition ratio of GWP 1475 based on AR4 and R32 concentration (wt%) of 0 wt%
- C: Composition ratio at which GWP 1500 of AR4 standard and compressor outlet temperature is 150 ° C
- E: Composition ratio that GWP 1500 of AR4 standard and compressor outlet temperature is 140 °C
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Abstract
Description
項1.冷媒を含有する組成物であって、
前記冷媒が、フッ素化炭化水素の混合物を含有し、
前記混合物は、ジフルオロメタン(R32)、ペンタフルオロエタン(R125)及び1,1,1,2-テトラフルオロエタン(R134a)をこれらの濃度の総和で99.5重量%以上含有し、
前記混合物に含まれるフッ素化炭化水素の組成比が、R32、R125及びR134aの濃度の総和を100重量%とする3成分組成図において、
点G(R32/R125/R134a=25.5/12.7/61.8重量%)、
点T(R32/R125/R134a=24.9/9.3/65.8重量%)、
点R(R32/R125/R134a=19.5/4.3/76.2重量%)及び
点I(R32/R125/R134a=17.5/9.8/72.7重量%)、
の4点を頂点とする四角形で囲まれる範囲内の組成比を有し、
R22又はR404Aの代替冷媒として用いられる、組成物。
項2.冷媒を含有する組成物であって、
前記冷媒が、フッ素化炭化水素の混合物を含有し、
前記混合物は、R32、R125及びR134aをこれらの濃度の総和で99.5重量%以上含有し、
前記混合物に含まれるフッ素化炭化水素の組成比が、R32、R125及びR134aの濃度の総和を100重量%とする3成分組成図において、
点G’(R32/R125/R134a=25.2/11.4/63.4重量%)、
点T (R32/R125/R134a=24.9/9.3/65.8重量%)、
点R (R32/R125/R134a=19.5/4.3/76.2重量%)及び
点I’(R32/R125/R134a=17.9/8.7/73.4重量%)、
の4点を頂点とする四角形で囲まれる範囲内の組成比を有する、項1に記載の組成物。
項3.前記混合物は、更に水を含有する、項1又は2に記載の組成物。
項4.更にトレーサー、相溶化剤、紫外線蛍光染料、安定剤及び重合禁止剤からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の物質を含む、項1~3のいずれかに記載の組成物。
項5.前記混合物が、R32、R125及びR134aのみからなる、項1又は2に記載の組成物。
項6.更に冷凍機油を含有し、冷凍機用作動流体として用いられる、項1~5のいずれかに記載の組成物。
項7.前記冷凍機油が、ポリアルキレングリコール(PAG)、ポリオールエステル(POE)及びポリビニルエーテル(PVE)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含有する、項6に記載の組成物。
項8.冷蔵庫、冷凍庫、冷水機、製氷機、冷蔵ショーケース、冷凍ショーケース、冷凍冷蔵ユニット、冷凍冷蔵倉庫用冷凍機、チラー(チリングユニット)、ターボ冷凍機及びスクリュー冷凍機からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種に使用する、項1~7のいずれかに記載の組成物。
項9.項1~7のいずれかに記載の組成物を用いて冷凍サイクルを運転する工程を含む、冷凍方法。
項10.項1~7のいずれかに記載の組成物を用いて冷凍サイクルを運転する、冷凍機の運転方法。
項11.項1~7のいずれかに記載の組成物を含む冷凍機。
本明細書において用語「冷媒」には、ISO817(国際標準化機構)で定められた、冷媒の種類を表すRで始まる冷媒番号(ASHRAE番号)が付された化合物が少なくとも含まれ、さらに冷媒番号が未だ付されていないとしても、それらと同等の冷媒としての特性を有するものが含まれる。冷媒は、化合物の構造の面で、「フルオロカーボン系化合物」と「非フルオロカーボン系化合物」とに大別される。「フルオロカーボン系化合物」には、クロロフルオロカーボン(CFC)、ハイドロクロロフルオロカーボン(HCFC)及びハイドロフルオロカーボン(HFC)が含まれる。「非フルオロカーボン系化合物」としては、プロパン(R290)、プロピレン(R1270)、ブタン(R600)、イソブタン(R600a)、二酸化炭素(R744)及びアンモニア(R717)等が挙げられる。
前記混合物に含まれるフッ素化炭化水素の組成比は、R32、R125及びR134aの濃度の総和を100重量%とする3成分組成図(図1)において、
点G(R32/R125/R134a=25.5/12.7/61.8重量%)、
点T(R32/R125/R134a=24.9/9.3/65.8重量%)、
点R(R32/R125/R134a=19.5/4.3/76.2重量%)及び
点I(R32/R125/R134a=17.5/9.8/72.7重量%)、
の4点を頂点とする四角形で囲まれる範囲内の組成比を有する。
本発明の冷媒を含有する組成物は、HCFC冷媒であるR22の代替冷媒、又は混合冷媒であるR404A(R125/R134a/R143a=44/4/52重量%)の代替冷媒として用いられる。
本発明の実施形態の一例による冷媒を含有する組成物(形態1)は、
前記冷媒が、フッ素化炭化水素の混合物を含有し、
前記混合物は、ジフルオロメタン(R32)、ペンタフルオロエタン(R125)及び1,1,1,2-テトラフルオロエタン(R134a)をこれらの濃度の総和で99.5重量%以上含有する。
前記混合物に含まれるフッ素化炭化水素の組成比は、R32、R125及びR134aの濃度の総和を100重量%とする3成分組成図(図1)において、
点G(R32/R125/R134a=25.5/12.7/61.8重量%)、
点T(R32/R125/R134a=24.9/9.3/65.7重量%)、
点R(R32/R125/R134a=19.5/4.3/76.2重量%)及び
点I(R32/R125/R134a=17.5/9.8/72.7重量%)、
の4点を頂点とする四角形で囲まれる範囲内の組成比を有する。
前記組成物は、HCFC冷媒であるR22の代替冷媒、又は混合冷媒であるR404Aの代替冷媒として用いられる。
前記冷媒が、フッ素化炭化水素の混合物を含有し、
前記混合物は、R32、R125及びR134aをこれらの濃度の総和で99.5重量%以上含有する。
前記混合物に含まれるフッ素化炭化水素の組成比は、R32、R125及びR134aの濃度の総和を100重量%とする3成分組成図(図1)において、
点G’(R32/R125/R134a=25.2/11.4/63.4重量%)、
点T (R32/R125/R134a=24.9/9.3/65.8重量%)、
点R (R32/R125/R134a=19.5/4.3/76.2重量%)及び
点I’(R32/R125/R134a=17.9/8.7/73.4重量%)、
の4点を頂点とする四角形で囲まれる範囲内の組成比を有する。
前記組成物は、R22の代替冷媒、又は混合冷媒であるR404Aの代替冷媒として用いられる。
点O(R32/R125/R134a=47.5/20.7/31.8重量%)、
点P(R32/R125/R134a=38.1/17.3/44.6重量%)及び
点Q(R32/R125/R134a=43.1/6.8/50.1重量%)
の3点を頂点とする三角形の範囲に含まれる組成比を有する。
前記冷媒を含有する組成物は、混合冷媒であるR404Aの代替冷媒として用いられる。
y=0.9286x-17.643
z=100-x-y
19.0≦x≦61.0
(図1~4の線分P’)
y=0.9286x-13.80
z=100-x-y
14.9≦x≦59.0
y=0.3644x+3.400
z=100-x-y
0≦x≦70.8
y=0.3644x+2.20
z=100-x-y
0≦x≦71.7
y=-2.80x+58.80
z=100-x-y
17.5≦x≦21.0
y=5.2917x-122.24
z=100-x-y
23.1≦x≦25.5
y=4.1463x-138.07
z=100-x-y
33.3≦x≦37.4
y=3.2353x-143
z=100-x-y
44.2≦x≦51.0
本発明の冷媒を含有する組成物に含有される混合物は、基本3成分(R32、R125及びR134a)に加えて、微量の水をさらに含んでもよく、その量は、前記混合物100重量%に対して、0.1重量%以下とすることが好ましい。また、本発明の冷媒を含有する組成物に含有される混合物は、基本3成分及び水のみからなる態様も含まれる。混合物が微量の水分を含むことで、冷媒を含有する組成物中に含まれ得る不飽和のフッ素化炭化水素類の分子内二重結合が安定に存在でき、また、不飽和のフッ素化炭化水素類の酸化も起こりにくくなるため、結果として混合物及び冷媒を含有する組成物の安定性が向上する。
本発明の冷媒を含有する組成物は、前記混合物の他に、種々の添加剤を適宜含むことができる。
冷凍機用作動流体は、冷凍機の圧縮機において使用される冷凍機油と、本発明の冷媒を含有する組成物とが互いに混じり合うことによって得られる。冷凍機用作動流体には、冷凍機用作動流体中冷凍機油が、通常、本発明の冷媒を含有する組成物と冷凍機油との合計量を100重量%とした場合に、1~50重量%含まれる。
R404A、並びに、R32、R125及びR134a混合冷媒の各GWPは、IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)第4次報告書(AR4)の値に基づいて評価した。
蒸発温度 -40℃
凝縮温度 40℃
過熱温度 20K
過冷却温度 0K
圧縮機効率 70%
COP =(冷凍能力又は暖房能力)/消費電力量
試験容器:280 mmφ球形(内容積:12リットル)
試験温度: 60℃±3℃
圧力 :101.3 kPa±0.7 kPa
水分 :乾燥空気1 gにつき0.0088 g±0.0005 g
冷媒を含有する組成物/空気混合比:1 vol.%刻み±0.2 vol.%
冷媒を含有する組成物混合: ±0.1 重量%
点火方法:交流放電、電圧15kV、電流30mA、ネオン変圧器
電極間隔:6.4 mm (1/4 inch)
スパーク:0.4 秒 ±0.05 秒
判定基準:着火点を中心に90度以上火炎が広がった場合 = 燃焼(伝播)
19.0≦x≦61.0 (1)
y=0.9286x-17.643 (2)
z=100-x-y (3)
B:AR4基準のGWP=1500であってR32の濃度(重量%)が0重量%の組成比
A’:AR4基準のGWP=1475であってR134aの濃度(重量%)が0重量%の組成比
B’:AR4基準のGWP=1475であってR32の濃度(重量%)が0重量%の組成比
C:AR4基準のGWP=1500であって圧縮機出口温度が150℃になる組成比
D:R125の濃度(重量%)が0重量%であって圧縮機出口温度が150℃になる組成比
E:AR4基準のGWP=1500であって圧縮機出口温度が140℃になる組成比
F:R125の濃度(重量%)が0重量%であって圧縮機出口温度が140℃になる組成比
G:AR4基準のGWP=1500であって圧縮機出口温度が130℃になる組成比
G’:AR4基準のGWP=1475であって圧縮機出口温度が130℃になる組成比
H:R125の濃度(重量%)が0重量%であって圧縮機出口温度が130℃になる組成比
I:AR4基準のGWP=1500であって対R404A冷凍能力が76.5%になる組成比
I’:AR4基準のGWP=1475であって対R404A冷凍能力が76.5%になる組成比
J:R125の濃度(重量%)が0重量%であって対404A冷凍能力が76.5%になる組成比
R:線分IJと線分XYとの交点
T:線分MNと線分GH、及び、線分XYとの交点
P:ASHRAE不燃限界線
P’:R32、R125及びR134a製造時の許容範囲(許容濃度)を±2.0%と設定した場合のASHRAE不燃限界線
L:GWP=1500を示す線分の近似線分
L’:GWP=1475を示す線分の近似線分
Claims (11)
- 冷媒を含有する組成物であって、
前記冷媒が、フッ素化炭化水素の混合物を含有し、
前記混合物は、ジフルオロメタン(R32)、ペンタフルオロエタン(R125)及び1,1,1,2-テトラフルオロエタン(R134a)をこれらの濃度の総和で99.5重量%以上含有し、
前記混合物に含まれるフッ素化炭化水素の組成比が、R32、R125及びR134aの濃度の総和を100重量%とする3成分組成図において、
点G(R32/R125/R134a=25.5/12.7/61.8重量%)、
点T(R32/R125/R134a=24.9/9.3/65.8重量%)、
点R(R32/R125/R134a=19.5/4.3/76.2重量%)及び
点I(R32/R125/R134a=17.5/9.8/72.7重量%)、
の4点を頂点とする四角形で囲まれる範囲内の組成比を有し、
R22又はR404Aの代替冷媒として用いられる、組成物。 - 冷媒を含有する組成物であって、
前記冷媒が、フッ素化炭化水素の混合物を含有し、
前記混合物は、R32、R125及びR134aをこれらの濃度の総和で99.5重量%以上含有し、
前記混合物に含まれるフッ素化炭化水素の組成比が、R32、R125及びR134aの濃度の総和を100重量%とする3成分組成図において、
点G’(R32/R125/R134a=25.2/11.4/63.4重量%)、
点T (R32/R125/R134a=24.9/9.3/65.8重量%)、
点R (R32/R125/R134a=19.5/4.3/76.2重量%)及び
点I’(R32/R125/R134a=17.9/8.7/73.4重量%)、
の4点を頂点とする四角形で囲まれる範囲内の組成比を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。 - 前記混合物は、更に水を含有する、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 更にトレーサー、相溶化剤、紫外線蛍光染料、安定剤及び重合禁止剤からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の物質を含む、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記混合物が、R32、R125及びR134aのみからなる、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 更に冷凍機油を含有し、冷凍機用作動流体として用いられる、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記冷凍機油が、ポリアルキレングリコール(PAG)、ポリオールエステル(POE)及びポリビニルエーテル(PVE)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含有する、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 冷蔵庫、冷凍庫、冷水機、製氷機、冷蔵ショーケース、冷凍ショーケース、冷凍冷蔵ユニット、冷凍冷蔵倉庫用冷凍機、チラー(チリングユニット)、ターボ冷凍機及びスクリュー冷凍機からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種に使用する、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の組成物を用いて冷凍サイクルを運転する工程を含む、冷凍方法。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の組成物を用いて冷凍サイクルを運転する、冷凍機の運転方法。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の組成物を含む冷凍機。
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JP6729626B2 (ja) | 2018-04-18 | 2020-07-22 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | R32、R125、R143a、R1234yf及びR134aを含む冷媒を含有する組成物、並びに、その組成物を用いた冷凍方法、冷凍機の運転方法及び冷凍機 |
JP7393669B2 (ja) | 2018-07-17 | 2023-12-07 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
CN114475162A (zh) | 2018-07-17 | 2022-05-13 | 大金工业株式会社 | 汽车用制冷循环装置 |
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EP3825383A4 (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2022-10-05 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | REFRIGERATION CIRCUIT DEVICE FOR A VEHICLE |
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US11034871B2 (en) | 2021-06-15 |
TWI709643B (zh) | 2020-11-11 |
JP2018184597A (ja) | 2018-11-22 |
JP6504298B2 (ja) | 2019-04-24 |
EP3613823A1 (en) | 2020-02-26 |
KR102363808B1 (ko) | 2022-02-16 |
US20200109326A1 (en) | 2020-04-09 |
CN117567990A (zh) | 2024-02-20 |
EP3613823A4 (en) | 2021-01-13 |
KR20190132438A (ko) | 2019-11-27 |
CN110536948A (zh) | 2019-12-03 |
TW201843291A (zh) | 2018-12-16 |
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