WO2018184532A1 - 呼吸道常见病原体多重rt-pcr联合基因芯片检测试剂盒 - Google Patents

呼吸道常见病原体多重rt-pcr联合基因芯片检测试剂盒 Download PDF

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WO2018184532A1
WO2018184532A1 PCT/CN2018/081763 CN2018081763W WO2018184532A1 WO 2018184532 A1 WO2018184532 A1 WO 2018184532A1 CN 2018081763 W CN2018081763 W CN 2018081763W WO 2018184532 A1 WO2018184532 A1 WO 2018184532A1
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seq
probe
reverse primer
primer
virus type
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王勇强
刘洋
张鑫磊
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苏州协云基因科技有限公司
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    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/70Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving virus or bacteriophage
    • C12Q1/701Specific hybridization probes
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    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6876Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
    • C12Q1/6888Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms
    • C12Q1/689Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms for bacteria
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of nucleic acid detection, in particular to a multiplex RT-PCR combined gene chip detection kit for common respiratory pathogens.
  • Acute respiratory infection is a common clinical disease in China, which can cause serious complications and even death.
  • Common infectious pathogens include viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, chlamydia, etc.
  • the pathogens causing diseases and epidemics are complex. Therefore, rapid and accurate multi-indicator pathogen detection will provide sufficient evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and provide a basis for the control of the epidemic.
  • ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
  • immunoassay strips are currently the main protein-based assays. These methods are convenient and rapid to use, but have the disadvantage of relatively low detection sensitivity and, with the variation of antigenic proteins, It is prone to false negatives; at the same time, antigen detection is susceptible to a variety of factors, resulting in false positives.
  • the nucleic acid-based detection method is the most common and accurate pathogen detection technology at present, and the detection methods mainly include PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technology and gene chip technology based on molecular hybridization.
  • PCR technology is still the most widely used, and its commonly used technical methods include general qualitative PCR, nested PCR, multiplex PCR, and real-time PCR.
  • the general qualitative PCR method has low detection efficiency, especially when detecting multi-gene objects.
  • nested PCR improves the sensitivity of detection, it also has the problem of detection efficiency.
  • the fluorescence quantitative PCR method has high sensitivity, but its cost is high and needs Special testing equipment, while the number of single-tube detection indicators is also very limited.
  • the multiplex PCR method can simultaneously detect multiple genes in one reaction, and can achieve multiple amplification and detection.
  • the technical difficulty is to avoid cross-linking reaction between multiple primers in the PCR process, and the optimal reaction conditions of each amplicon
  • the current multiplex PCR detection capability of conventional design is about 10 indicators, and the better multi-primer design will significantly improve the multi-index detection capability of the method.
  • the gene chip is a very practical pathogen detection technology, which can be used in conjunction with multiplex PCR technology to achieve multiplex amplification and multi-index detection of target pathogens. This technique requires high sensitivity and specificity for multiple primers and probes. Reasonable primer and probe settings are key.
  • RNA viruses there are various types of pathogens, and there are more than 20 common pathogens, more than half of which are RNA viruses, and also include various DNA viruses, mycoplasma, chlamydia and bacteria.
  • Complex etiological requirements detection techniques can achieve parallel detection of up to 20 indicators and have the ability to simultaneously detect nucleic acid RNA and nucleic acid DNA.
  • most respiratory pathogens are characterized by rapid evolution. The same type of pathogens correspond to a large group of different variant genes and have the ability to mutate new variant genes in a short period of time.
  • respiratory diseases are common clinical multiple diseases, rapid onset, and characterized by concentrated outbreaks. This requires detection technology to process multiple clinical samples at the same time in a short period of time, with the ability to quickly detect and high-throughput detection.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the problem of low detection coverage of high-mutation pathogens by conventional primers and probes by using a combination of multiple specific conservative degenerate primers and probes, and to solve parallel detection of more than 20 respiratory pathogen single reaction systems.
  • the problem solves the problem of non-specific cross-reaction between multiple primers and probes at the same time, overcomes the defects of the prior art single-reaction system detection index, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and provides a simple and rapid operation, and detects a large-fluid airway.
  • Pathogen gene detection kit is to solve the problem of low detection coverage of high-mutation pathogens by conventional primers and probes by using a combination of multiple specific conservative degenerate primers and probes, and to solve parallel detection of more than 20 respiratory pathogen single reaction systems.
  • the invention relates to a multiplex multiplex RT-PCR combined gene chip detection kit for respiratory diseases, which is used for detecting one or more of the following pathogens: influenza virus type A, influenza virus type B, parainfluenza virus type 1, parainfluenza Virus type 2, parainfluenza virus type 3, parainfluenza virus type 4, human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus type A, rhinovirus type B, rhinovirus type C, boca virus, adenovirus, coronavirus 229E, coronavirus HKU -1, coronavirus NL63, coronavirus OC43, respiratory syncytial virus type A, respiratory syncytial virus type B, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila and Streptococcus pneumoniae;
  • the kit has a primer combination and a probe combination of respiratory pathogens, and an endogenous control of the human GAPDH gene and a positive control and a negative control;
  • the multiplex RT-PCR combined gene chip detection kit of the common respiratory path of the present invention is composed of a primer combination, a probe combination, a gene chip, an auxiliary material and a dosing solution.
  • Influenza virus type A reverse primer 5' end with Cy5 logo:
  • Reverse primer 5'-AYSYCAAYTGCATTTTTGACATCCT (SEQ ID NO: 2);
  • Influenza virus type B reverse primer 5' end with Cy5 logo:
  • Reverse primer 5'-TCCGTRACYAGTCTAATTGTCTCYCTC (SEQ ID NO: 4);
  • Reverse primer 5'-AGAAAYTRCCGGKTTTARATCAGGATACAT (SEQ ID NO: 6);
  • Reverse primer 5'-GCTTTTSCGATTGATTCCATCACTTAGG (SEQ ID NO: 8);
  • Reverse primer 5'-TCYARTATRACAGATGAYACAATGCTYCCT (SEQ ID NO: 10);
  • Reverse primer 5'-GCWARGCTRATAGGCAAATCYCTGG (SEQ ID NO: 12);
  • Reverse primer 5'-GCYGARCTYACAAAYTTTGAYACCA (SEQ ID NO: 14);
  • Rhinovirus type A reverse primer 5' end with Cy5 logo:
  • Reverse primer 5'-TAGACCTGGCAGATGAGGCT (SEQ ID NO: 16);
  • Rhinovirus type B reverse primer 5' end with Cy5 logo:
  • Reverse primer 5'-NTCACAAYCAAGCACATGCRRGTCTT (SEQ ID NO: 18);
  • Rhinovirus type C reverse primer 5' end with Cy5 logo:
  • Reverse primer 5'-CCATCCCRYAATTRCTCRTTACGAC (SEQ ID NO: 20);
  • Reverse primer 5'-GCAGTATCCGTTTTCGTGAAGTGTA (SEQ ID NO: 22);
  • Reverse primer 5'-GGCACRAAGCGCAGCRTCAG (SEQ ID NO: 24);
  • Coronavirus 229E reverse primer 5' end with Cy5 logo:
  • Reverse primer 5'-TGTAGGYTCAGTTTTAGCACCATCAA (SEQ ID NO: 26);
  • Coronavirus HKU-1 reverse primer 5' end with Cy5 logo:
  • Reverse primer 5'-ACGAKTATTGGGTCCACGTGAT (SEQ ID NO: 28);
  • Coronavirus NL63, reverse primer 5' end with Cy5 logo Coronavirus NL63, reverse primer 5' end with Cy5 logo:
  • Reverse primer 5'-CTGCTCAATGAACTTAGGAAGGTTCTT (SEQ ID NO: 30);
  • Coronavirus OC43 reverse primer 5' end with Cy5 logo:
  • Reverse primer 5'-TRCTGGATGTGCGCGAAGTA (SEQ ID NO: 32);
  • Reverse primer 5'-YCCAGTGAATTTRTGATTRGCATCTTCTG (SEQ ID NO: 34);
  • Reverse primer 5'-TGYTTTTGYACATCATAATTGGGAGTGTC (SEQ ID NO: 36);
  • Reverse primer 5'-GCGACTGCTGGCACATAGTT (SEQ ID NO: 38);
  • Reverse primer 5'-CACCCTCCGTATTACCGCAGCT (SEQ ID NO: 40);
  • Reverse primer 5'-CTTTCATTTGYTGYTCGGTTAAAGCCA (SEQ ID NO: 42);
  • Reverse primer 5'-GGTTTGAGGTAGTACCARCCTGTT (SEQ ID NO: 44);
  • Reverse primer 5'-AGGGGGCAGAGATGATGAC (SEQ ID NO: 46);
  • the probe combination is one or more nucleic acid probes sequentially immobilized on the surface of the gene chip, including respiratory pathogen-specific conservative degenerate probes, GAPDH endogenous control probes, positive hybridization probes, and negative hybridization probes.
  • each probe is amino
  • the marker (NH 2 ) the base sequence 5'-3' of each probe is as follows:
  • Rhinovirus type A probe
  • Rhinovirus type B probe
  • Rhinovirus type C probe
  • Adenovirus probe is adenovirus probe
  • Coronavirus NL63 probe
  • Coronavirus OC43 probe
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae probe
  • Chlamydia pneumoniae probe
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae probe
  • the gene chip in the present invention is a solid phase support medium having a probe array fixed on its surface, and the solid phase support medium is a glass sheet, a silicon sheet, a nylon film or a nitrocellulose membrane.
  • the respiratory pathogen detection kit of the present invention is composed of a primer combination, a probe combination, a gene chip, an auxiliary material and a dosing solution, and the auxiliary material is a one-step reverse transcription amplification reagent (One Step RT-PCR Reagent) and ultrapure water (Ultrapure).
  • Water) and the positive oligonucleotide single-stranded DNA with a Cy5 marker at the 5' end, and the base sequence of the positive oligonucleotide single-stranded DNA with a Cy5 marker at the 5' end is Cy5-5'-CCATCTCCGCAGCAACATAACTCGCAACGTGTGGTGACAATCGCGCATTAACCCGAGGG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 72).
  • the multi-RT-PCR combined gene chip detection kit for common respiratory pathogens in the invention comprises a primer combination, a probe combination, a gene chip, an auxiliary material and a dosing solution, and the dosing solution is a chip spotting solution, a chip cleaning solution, a hybridization solution, Cleaning solution I and cleaning solution II.
  • the chip spotting solution is 50% DMSO; the chip cleaning solution is 5xSSC (20xSSC: 3M NaCl, 0.3M Na 3 Citrate ⁇ 2H 2 O, pH 7.0), 0.2% SDS; the hybrid solution is 5xSSC, 0.1 %SDS; cleaning solution I was 0.5xSSC, 0.1% SDS; cleaning solution II was 0.05xSSC.
  • the present invention is designed to perform target sequence amplification using a specially designed Multiplex Specific conserveed Degenerate Primer.
  • respiratory pathogens There are many kinds of respiratory pathogens, and there are more than 20 common pathogens, and most of them are highly susceptible to pathogens such as influenza virus, rhinovirus and coronavirus. The sequence variation is large and evolution is rapid, even within the same pathogen. There are many different variants.
  • the present invention solves two technical problems in multiplex primer design: one is to design specific conservative degenerate primers to ensure the specificity of primers among different pathogens, especially in different sub-specific The specificity between the pathogens is designed to ensure the conservation and detection coverage of the primers in different strains of the same pathogen.
  • the primers adopt specific conservative degenerate primers, which can cover multiple variant types of the same pathogen.
  • the site mutation of the gene is highly adaptable, and at the same time, it can effectively avoid non-specific amplification, and is particularly suitable for detecting pathogens with high mutation and multiple subtypes.
  • the second is to solve the problem of multiplex amplification of more than 20 pathogen single reaction systems, and avoid mutual cross-linking between primers by mutual matching design between primers.
  • the present invention uses a one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction amplification technique based on multiplex-specific conservative degenerate primers to detect respiratory pathogens.
  • the multiplex RT-PCR method is to put multiple pairs of primers into the same reaction tube, and perform reverse transcription reaction and PCR amplification reaction in the same system to achieve the purpose of simultaneously detecting multiple target RNA/DNA sequences in a single tube reaction system. .
  • the present invention employs a set of specific conservative degenerate probes to detect target sequences in multiplex RT-PCR products.
  • the degenerate probe is designed with a long probe and has a length of 59 nucleotides. Compared with the short probe, the long probe binds to the target gene more firmly and has higher detection sensitivity.
  • the specific conserved degenerate probe has an amino (NH2) modification at the 5' end to facilitate binding of the probe to the gene chip.
  • the invention adopts a gene chip to perform molecular hybridization detection of respiratory pathogens, and the gene chip technology is based on the principle of hybridization of nucleic acid molecules.
  • the working process is to firstly fix a single-stranded probe for each respiratory pathogen in a specific region on the surface of the solid support medium to form a low-density probe array, and then hybridize the multiplex RT-PCR product to be tested.
  • the target gene sequence in the product is hybridized with the probe on the support medium, and the target sequence product DNA carries a fluorescent group mark, and the probe point of the DNA to be tested is coupled with the marker, and is washed accordingly.
  • the corresponding hybridization signal can be read by steps such as fluorescence scanning, so that multiple respiratory pathogen target sequences can be simultaneously detected on one chip.
  • the respiratory pathogen multiplex PCR primers and detection probe combinations provided by the present disclosure solve the problem of multiplex amplification and detection of up to 20 pathogen single reaction systems.
  • the detection probes and primers of the present disclosure employ a specific conservative degenerate oligonucleotide design to improve detection coverage of a target sequence, and are particularly suitable for detection of respiratory pathogens having high mutation characteristics.
  • the present disclosure is directed to a design that avoids non-specific cross-reactions between different primers in multiple systems.
  • the present disclosure relates to a design that avoids non-specific amplification between primers and potential non-target sequences in the sample.
  • the present disclosure is directed to a design that avoids non-specific hybridization of the probe to non-target sequence product DNA.
  • the operation of the present disclosure is simple. After one sample pretreatment, single tube RT-PCR amplification, single-chip hybridization can simultaneously detect multiple respiratory pathogens in a sample, and has the characteristics of parallel analysis and multiple judgments.
  • the subject matter of the present disclosure is complete, contains 22 common respiratory pathogens, and can be easily added to new detection sequences.
  • the kit of the present disclosure adopts a gene chip detection method, which improves the multi-index parallel detection capability of the system.
  • the kit of the present disclosure is simple and convenient to operate, and is suitable for large-scale detection of respiratory pathogens.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a chip probe distribution pattern
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the results of 22 respiratory samples
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the results of detection of 23 positive controls (22 pathogen standard nucleic acid molecules and 1 GAPDH endogenous control standard nucleic acid molecule) and 1 negative control (H 2 O).
  • a multi-RT-PCR combined with a microarray detection kit for common respiratory pathogens which is used to detect one or more of the following pathogens: influenza A, influenza B, parainfluenza 1 and parainfluenza 2 Type, parainfluenza virus type 3, parainfluenza virus type 4, human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus type A, rhinovirus type B, rhinovirus type C, boca virus, adenovirus, coronavirus 229E, coronavirus HKU-1 Primer combination and probe combination of 22 respiratory pathogens including coronavirus NL63, coronavirus OC43, respiratory syncytial virus type A, respiratory syncytial virus type B, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila and Streptococcus pneumoniae; An endogenous control of the human GAPDH gene as well as a positive control and a negative control were also provided.
  • the kit also contains gene chips, excipients, and dos
  • Example 1 Multiple RT-PCR combined with gene chip detection kit for common pathogens in the respiratory tract.
  • the same design method was used for the endogenous control GAPDH.
  • the positive control probe and the negative control probe are randomly generated 59 nucleotide oligonucleotides, and non-specific cross-linking with the pathogen sequence to be detected is avoided by sequence alignment.
  • a positive oligonucleotide single-stranded DNA is generated based on the positive control probe, the sequence of which is the reverse complement of the positive control probe.
  • the above primer and probe combinations and corresponding control sequences were synthesized by solid phase phosphoramidite triester method. Finally, the performance of the probe and the primer was verified by an experimental method.
  • each of the nucleotide probes (the probe was dissolved in a chip spotting solution at a concentration of 10 ⁇ mol/L) was distributed on a specific position region on the optical-grade amino chip using a micro-quantitative dot-spray type gene chip spotting instrument.
  • the chip was baked at 80 ° C for 2 hours to fix the probe. After the fixation, the chip was washed in the cleaning solution for 5 minutes, washed with absolute ethanol, centrifuged and dried, and the processed chip was stored at room temperature.
  • the layout of the probe surface coated with the chip is shown in Figure 1.
  • Positive standard nucleic acid molecules of each pathogen and internal control were prepared by gene synthesis, and the synthesis region included a PCR amplification region and a region of 150 nucleotides each upstream and downstream.
  • the synthetic sequence was inserted into the pET-30a plasmid vector, which was then subjected to plasmid extraction, purification and quantification, and diluted to 105 copies/ ⁇ l for use as a positive standard nucleic acid molecule for multiplex PCR amplification and gene chip detection.
  • PCR reaction premix The SuperRT One Step RT-PCR Kit (CWBIO) is used, and the system contains components such as reverse transcriptase, DNA polymerase, RNase inhibitor, and dNTP. 15 ⁇ l of reaction premix is prepared for each tube reaction.
  • the premix contains: 2 ⁇ RT-PCR reaction buffer (12.5 ⁇ l), enzyme mixture (0.5 ⁇ l), and primer mixture (2 ⁇ l), in which the primer mixture contains various pathogens.
  • the amplification primers have a primer concentration of 3.75 ⁇ mol/L for each Cy5 marker and a concentration of 2.5 ⁇ mol/L for each non-marker primer.
  • Extracting sample nucleic acid collecting the clinical sample to be inspected, the sample type may be a nasopharyngeal swab sample, a sputum, a lung lavage fluid and the like.
  • the nucleic acid is then extracted from the sample using appropriate nucleic acid extraction techniques (eg, Viral DNA/RNA Kit, CWBIO).
  • PCR reaction premix 15 ⁇ l
  • sample extraction nucleic acid 5 ⁇ l
  • ultrapure water 5 ⁇ l
  • a positive control positive standard nucleic acid molecule
  • a negative control sterile water
  • the reaction tubes were then subjected to multiplex PCR amplification according to the following procedure: 45 ° C for 30 minutes (reverse transcription); 95 ° C for 2 minutes (hot start); then 35 thermal cycles, 94 ° C for 30 seconds, 55 ° C Hold for 30 seconds, hold at 72 ° C for 30 seconds; last 72 ° C for 5 minutes.
  • Example 2 Detection of positive samples of respiratory pathogens.
  • a positive respiratory specimen with the following pathogens, sample swabs or lung lavage fluid: influenza A, influenza B, parainfluenza type 1 , parainfluenza type 2, parainfluenza type 3 , parainfluenza virus type 4, human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus type A, rhinovirus type B, rhinovirus type C, boca virus, adenovirus, coronavirus 229E, coronavirus HKU-1, coronavirus NL63, coronavirus OC43, respiratory syncytial virus type A, respiratory syncytial virus type B, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila and Streptococcus pneumoniae, a total of 22 positive samples.
  • a positive control 22 pathogen standard nucleic acid molecules and 1 GAPDH endogenous control standard nucleic acid molecule
  • a negative control sterile water
  • the nucleic acid is extracted from the sample using a nucleic acid extraction kit (viral genomic DNA/RNA extraction kit Viral DNA/RNA Kit, CWBIO), and the nucleic acid is finally dissolved in 50 ⁇ l of the nucleic acid eluate.
  • a 5 ul nucleic acid sample was pipetted for multiplex PCR amplification.
  • a 25 ⁇ l amplification system was used to prepare a PCR reaction premix (15 ⁇ l), and the sample was extracted with nucleic acid (5 ⁇ l) and ultrapure water (5 ⁇ l).
  • a positive control positive standard nucleic acid molecule
  • a negative control sterile water
  • reaction tubes were then subjected to multiplex PCR amplification according to the following procedure: 45 ° C for 30 minutes (reverse transcription); 95 ° C for 2 minutes (hot start); then 35 thermal cycles, 94 ° C for 30 seconds, 55 ° C Hold for 30 seconds, hold at 72 ° C for 30 seconds; last 72 ° C for 5 minutes.
  • the multiplex PCR product was detected using the gene chip method, and the specific procedure was the same as in Example 1, and then the results were interpreted according to the coloration of the hybridization point. Results The presence of 22 intermediate respiratory pathogens was detected in 22 samples, while 23 positive controls (22 pathogen standard nucleic acid molecules and 1 GAPDH endogenous control standard nucleic acid molecule) and 1 negative control (sterile water) were hybridized. The dot color is correct. The test results are shown in Figures 2 and 3.

Abstract

本发明提供了一种呼吸道常见病原体多重RT-PCR联合基因芯片检测试剂盒,该试剂盒使用多重特异性保守简并引物组合和探针组合检测22种呼吸道常见病原体中的一种或多种,同时设有内源对照以及阳性对照和阴性对照。

Description

呼吸道常见病原体多重RT-PCR联合基因芯片检测试剂盒 技术领域
本发明涉及核酸检测技术领域,具体为一种呼吸道常见病原体多重RT-PCR联合基因芯片检测试剂盒。
背景技术
急性呼吸道感染是我国临床多发性常见病,可引起严重的并发症甚至死亡。常见感染病原体包括病毒、细菌、支原体、衣原体等,所引起疾病和疫情的病原学复杂,因此快速准确多指标的病原体检测将为疾病的诊治提供充足的依据,并为疫情的控制提供基础。
目前,常用的呼吸道病原检测技术包括病原体抗原检测和核酸检测两个方面。酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)和免疫试纸条等方法是目前主要的基于蛋白的检测方法,该类方法使用方便、快速,但缺点是检测灵敏度相对较低,并且随着抗原蛋白的变异,容易出现假阴性;同时抗原检测易受到多种因素的影响,造成假阳性。而基于核酸的检测方法是目前最普遍、最准确的病原体检测技术,检测方法主要包括PCR(聚合酶链式反应)技术和基于分子杂交的基因芯片技术。目前仍以PCR技术应用最为广泛,其常用的技术方法包括普通定性PCR、巢式PCR、多重PCR、荧光定量PCR等方法。普通定性PCR方法检测效率低,尤其检测多基因对象时更加费时费力;巢式PCR虽然提高了检测的灵敏度,但同样存在检测效率的问题;荧光定量PCR方法灵敏度高,但其成本高,并且需要特殊检测仪器,同时单管的检测指标数也很有限。多重PCR方法可以在一个反应中同时检测多个基因,可以实现多重扩增与检测,其技术难点是要避免PCR过程中多条引物间的交联反应,并且各扩增子的最佳反应条件要一致,目前常规设计的多重PCR检测能力大概是10个指标左右,更优的多重引物设计方案会显著提高方法的多指标检测能力。基因芯片是目前非常实用的病原体检测技术,它可以和多重PCR技术配合使用,从而实现对目标病原体的多重扩增和多指标检测,该技术对多重引物和探针的灵敏度和特异性要求很高,合理的引物和探针设置是关键。
目前呼吸道病原体检测需要解决如下几方面的问题:一是病原体种类 多样,已发现的常见病原体有二十几种,其中半数以上是RNA病毒,同时还包括多种DNA病毒、支原体、衣原体和细菌。复杂的病原学要求检测技术可以实现多达20个指标以上的平行检测,并且具有同时检测核酸RNA和核酸DNA的能力。二是绝大多数呼吸道病原体具有快速进化的特点,同一类病原体对应的是一大组不同的变异基因,并且有能力在短时间内突变出新的变异基因。这种特点给临床检测带来了非常大的挑战,要求检测技术对一大组变异基因具有很好的覆盖度,并且具有容忍基因变异的能力。三是呼吸道疾病是临床多发性常见病,发病快,并且有集中爆发的特点,这要求检测技术在短时间内可以同时处理多个临床样本,具备快速检测和高通量检测的能力。
发明内容
解决方案
本发明的目的是通过使用多重特异性保守简并引物组合和探针组合解决常规引物和探针对高突变病原体检测覆盖率低的问题,解决多达20种以上呼吸道病原体单反应体系平行检测的问题,同时解决多重引物和探针之间非特异性交叉反应的问题,克服现有技术单反应体系检测指标较少,费时费力的缺陷,提供一种操作简单,快速灵敏,检测通量大的呼吸道病原体基因检测试剂盒。
本发明呼吸道常见病原体多重RT-PCR联合基因芯片检测试剂盒,该试剂盒用于检测以下病原体中的一种或多种:流感病毒A型、流感病毒B型、副流感病毒1型、副流感病毒2型、副流感病毒3型、副流感病毒4型、人类偏肺病毒、鼻病毒A型、鼻病毒B型、鼻病毒C型、博卡病毒、腺病毒、冠状病毒229E、冠状病毒HKU-1、冠状病毒NL63、冠状病毒OC43、呼吸道合胞病毒A型、呼吸道合胞病毒B型、肺炎支原体、肺炎衣原体、嗜肺军团杆菌和肺炎链球菌;
试剂盒内设有呼吸道病原体的引物组合和探针组合,同时设有人GAPDH基因內源对照以及阳性对照和阴性对照;
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
本发明的呼吸道常见病原体多重RT-PCR联合基因芯片检测试剂盒由引物组合、探针组合、基因芯片、辅料和配液构成。
本发明特征在于引物组合为一组或多组多重特异性保守区简并引物(Multiplex Specific Conserved Degenerate Primer,其中简并位点的核苷酸表示为R=A/G,Y=C/T,M=A/C,K=G/T,S=C/G,W=A/T,H=A/C/T,B=C/G/T,V=A/C/G,D=A/G/T,N=A/C/G/T),各对引物的碱基序列5’-3’如下,其中反向引物5’端带Cy5荧光基团标志:
流感病毒A型,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:GCTTTYACNGADGARGGAGCAA(SEQ ID NO:1),
反向引物:5’-AYSYCAAYTGCATTTTTGACATCCT(SEQ ID NO:2);
流感病毒B型,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:GCCAATTCGAGCAGCTGAAACTG(SEQ ID NO:3),
反向引物:5’-TCCGTRACYAGTCTAATTGTCTCYCTC(SEQ ID NO:4);
副流感病毒1型,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:TCAAACTTAATCACTCAAGGATGTGYAGAT(SEQ ID NO:5),
反向引物:5’-AGAAAYTRCCGGKTTTARATCAGGATACAT(SEQ ID NO:6);
副流感病毒2型,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:ACAATGTAATRCTTGGAGATTGYCTYGAT(SEQ ID NO:7),
反向引物:5’-GCTTTTSCGATTGATTCCATCACTTAGG(SEQ ID NO:8);
副流感病毒3型,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:TGGCATAATGTGYTATCAAGACCAGG(SEQ ID NO:9),
反向引物:5’-TCYARTATRACAGATGAYACAATGCTYCCT(SEQ ID NO:10);
副流感病毒4型,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:WGCTCTTAGRATCATTGAAGTTGATGCA(SEQ ID NO:11),
反向引物:5’-GCWARGCTRATAGGCAAATCYCTGG(SEQ ID  NO:12);
人类偏肺病毒,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:YGARGTMAATGCRACTGTRGCA(SEQ ID NO:13),
反向引物:5’-GCYGARCTYACAAAYTTTGAYACCA(SEQ ID NO:14);
鼻病毒A型,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:GCCGGAGGABTCAARGYGAG(SEQ ID NO:15),
反向引物:5’-TAGACCTGGCAGATGAGGCT(SEQ ID NO:16);
鼻病毒B型,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:CYCCACTAGTYTGGTCGATGAGGCT(SEQ ID NO:17),
反向引物:5’-NTCACAAYCAAGCACATGCRRGTCTT(SEQ ID NO:18);
鼻病毒C型,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:CACYGGYGACRGTGRYGTAGC(SEQ ID NO:19),
反向引物:5’-CCATCCCRYAATTRCTCRTTACGAC(SEQ ID NO:20);
博卡病毒,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:ACTGCTACTGAGATTGCAGCTC(SEQ ID NO:21),
反向引物:5’-GCAGTATCCGTTTTCGTGAAGTGTA(SEQ ID NO:22);
腺病毒,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:AGACACCTACTTCAGTMTKGGGAA(SEQ ID NO:23),
反向引物:5’-GGCACRAAGCGCAGCRTCAG(SEQ ID NO:24);
冠状病毒229E,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:AACGTTTCAGAACTAGAAAGGGCA(SEQ ID NO:25),
反向引物:5’-TGTAGGYTCAGTTTTAGCACCATCAA(SEQ ID NO:26);
冠状病毒HKU-1,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:CCTGGTACGATTYTGCCTCAAGG(SEQ ID NO:27),
反向引物:5’-ACGAKTATTGGGTCCACGTGAT(SEQ ID NO:28);
冠状病毒NL63,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:GCCAAAGGTTTTCCACAGYTTGC(SEQ ID NO:29),
反向引物:5’-CTGCTCAATGAACTTAGGAAGGTTCTT(SEQ ID  NO:30);
冠状病毒OC43,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:CATTGTCGATCGGGACCCAA(SEQ ID NO:31),
反向引物:5’-TRCTGGATGTGCGCGAAGTA(SEQ ID NO:32);
呼吸道合胞病毒A型,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:GCAAATAYACCATCCAACGGAGC(SEQ ID NO:33),
反向引物:5’-YCCAGTGAATTTRTGATTRGCATCTTCTG(SEQ ID NO:34);
呼吸道合胞病毒B型,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:GGGCAAATACAAARATGGCTCTTAGC(SEQ ID NO:35),
反向引物:5’-TGYTTTTGYACATCATAATTGGGAGTGTC(SEQ ID NO:36);
肺炎支原体,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:GGCCCATACTCCTACGGGAG(SEQ ID NO:37),
反向引物:5’-GCGACTGCTGGCACATAGTT(SEQ ID NO:38);
肺炎衣原体,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:TGTAAAGCACTTTCGCCTGGGAA(SEQ ID NO:39),
反向引物:5’-CACCCTCCGTATTACCGCAGCT(SEQ ID NO:40);
嗜肺军团杆菌,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:GATAAGTTGTCTTATAGCATTGGTGCCGA(SEQ ID NO:41),
反向引物:5’-CTTTCATTTGYTGYTCGGTTAAAGCCA(SEQ ID NO:42);
肺炎链球菌,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:GCTGGAAGAAAATCGCTGABAAGTG(SEQ ID NO:43),
反向引物:5’-GGTTTGAGGTAGTACCARCCTGTT(SEQ ID NO:44);
內源对照GAPDH基因,反向引物5’端带Cy5标志:
正向引物:ATCTTCCAGGAGCGAGATCC(SEQ ID NO:45),
反向引物:5’-AGGGGGCAGAGATGATGAC(SEQ ID NO:46);
并且,探针组合为顺序固定于基因芯片表面的一条或多条核酸探针, 包括呼吸道病原体特异性保守简并探针、GAPDH內源对照探针,阳性杂交点探针和阴性杂交点探针,其中简并位点的核苷酸表示为R=A/G,Y=C/T,M=A/C,K=G/T,S=C/G,W=A/T,H=A/C/T,B=C/G/T,V=A/C/G,D=A/G/T,N=A/C/G/T),各探针的5’端做氨基标志(NH 2),各条探针的碱基序列5’-3’如下:
流感病毒A型探针:
5’-GADGARGGAGCAATHGTDGGMGAAATYTCACCATTRCCTTCTYTTCCAGGACATACTDD(SEQ ID NO:47);
流感病毒B型探针:
5’-CTGAAACTGCGRTGGGAGTCYTATCCCAATTTGGTCAAGAGCACCGATTATCACCAGAA(SEQ ID NO:48);
副流感病毒1型探针:
5’-YAGATATAGGGAAGTCRTAYCAGGTTTTACAATTAGGTTAYATATCYTTAAATTCAGAT(SEQ ID NO:49);
副流感病毒2型探针:
5’-CRRCATCTRAYCAGTATTTAKCAATGGGGATAATACAACAATCTGCTGCRGVRTTTCCA(SEQ ID NO:50);
副流感病毒3型探针:
5’-CAAYGAATGTCCATGGGGACAYTCATGYCCRGATGGRTGYATAACRGGAGTRTATACHG(SEQ ID NO:51);
副流感病毒4型探针:
5’-CCRCMRGATTATACATTAACYATTAAYCCAAGRTCTGGCTGGGATGAYATCAAGATCAG(SEQ ID NO:52);
人类偏肺病毒探针:
5’-TYGAYGARTAYAGYAAAYTDGAHTTTGAYAARYTNACRGTYTGYGADGTWAAAACAGTT(SEQ ID NO:53);
鼻病毒A型探针:
5’-DRRRGTGYGCAGGCAGCCACGCAGGCTRGAACACTGTYRCCAGTGGGGDDYTTCYAGCC(SEQ ID NO:54);
鼻病毒B型探针:
5’-YYAGCCTGCGTGGCGGCCARCCCAGCDYHTGCTGGGACGCCHWTTYAHDGACATGGTGY(SEQ ID NO:55);
鼻病毒C型探针:
5’-AAGRCHBKMRTGYGCTAVNHRTGABTCCTCCGGCCCCTGAATGCGGCTAATCYTAAMCC(SEQ ID NO:56);
博卡病毒探针:
5’-ACRACTGTACTCTGACAGGATTTAAACAAAAATGGAATTTAGATAAAATTCCAAACYCA(SEQ ID NO:57);
腺病毒探针:
5’-AARTTTAGRAACCCCACRGTGGCGCCYACCCACGATGTGACCACCGAYCGYAGCCAGCG(SEQ ID NO:58);
冠状病毒229E探针:
5’-GRGTGGATTTGYCACCCAAGYTRYATTTTTATTATCTTGGCACAGGACCYCATAAAGMT(SEQ ID NO:59);
冠状病毒HKU-1探针:
5’-CTATTATGTTGAAGGCTCAGGAAGGTCTGCTTCTAATAGYCGRCCAGGTTCACGTTCTC(SEQ ID NO:60);
冠状病毒NL63探针:
5’-ARTTGATTCCYAATCAGGCTGCDTTATTCTTTGATAGTGAGGTTAGCACTGAWGAAGTG(SEQ ID NO:61);
冠状病毒OC43探针:
5’-TAGYGATGAGGCTATTYCGACTAGGTTTCCGCCTGGYACGGTACTCCCTCAGGGTTACT(SEQ ID NO:62);
呼吸道合胞病毒A型探针:
5’-AYACTCCTAAYTAYGATGTRCAGAAACACATYAAYAAKYTATGTGGCATGTTATTAATC(SEQ ID NO:63);
呼吸道合胞病毒B型探针:
5’-AGGATCAGCTGCTGTCATYCAGCAAATAYRCYATTCAACGTAGYACAGGAGATAATATT(SEQ ID NO:64);
肺炎支原体探针:
5’-GCAGCAGTAGGGAATTTTTCACAATGAGCGAAAGCTTGATGGAGCAATGCCGCGTGAAC(SEQ ID NO:65);
肺炎衣原体探针:
5’-TAATATCCAATYGATTTGAGCGTACCRGGTAAAGAAGCACCGGCTAACTCCGTGCCAGC(SEQ ID NO:66);
嗜肺军团杆菌探针:
5’-TTGGGRAAGAAYTTTAARAATCAAGGCATWGATGTTARYCCGGAAGCAWTGGCTAAAGG(SEQ ID NO:67);
肺炎链球菌探针:
5’-TACTATTTYRAYGWAGAAGGTGCCATGAAGACAGGCTGGGTCAAGTACAAGGACACHTG(SEQ ID NO:68);
內源对照GAPDH基因探针:
5’-TCCAAAATCAAGTGGGGCGATGCTGGCGCTGAGTACGTCGTGGAGTCCACTGGCGTCTT(SEQ ID NO:69);
阳性杂交点探针:
5’-CCCTCGGGTTAATGCGCGATTGTCACCACACGTTGCGAGTTATGTTGCTGCGGAGATGG(SEQ ID NO:70);
阴性杂交点探针:
5’-GATCGTCGTTGGGCTTTAGATTTCTCTTATAGGCTCGGTCGGCGCCTCTCGCCCCGAGC(SEQ ID NO:71);
本发明中所述基因芯片为表面固定有探针阵列的固相支持介质,所述固相支持介质为玻璃片、硅片、尼龙膜或硝酸纤维素膜。
本发明中所述呼吸道病原体检测试剂盒由引物组合、探针组合、基因芯片、辅料和配液组成,辅料为一步法逆转录扩增试剂(One Step RT-PCR Reagent)、超纯水(Ultrapure Water)和5’端带Cy5标志的阳性寡核苷酸单链DNA,5’端带Cy5标志的阳性寡核苷酸单链DNA的碱基顺序为Cy5-5'-CCATCTCCGCAGCAACATAACTCGCAACGTGTGGTGACAATCGCGCATTAACCCGAGGG-3’(SEQ ID NO:72)。
本发明中所述呼吸道常见病原体多重RT-PCR联合基因芯片检测试剂盒由引物组合、探针组合、基因芯片、辅料和配液组成,配液为芯片点样液、 芯片清洗液、杂交液、清洗液I和清洗液II。
上述方案中,所述芯片点样液为50%DMSO;芯片清洗液为5xSSC(20xSSC:3M NaCl,0.3M Na 3Citrate·2H 2O,pH 7.0),0.2%SDS;杂交液为5xSSC,0.1%SDS;清洗液I为0.5xSSC,0.1%SDS;清洗液II为0.05xSSC。
本发明设计采用经特殊设计的多重特异性保守简并引物(Multiplex Specific Conserved Degenerate Primer)进行目标序列扩增。呼吸道病原体种类多样,已发现的常见病原体有二十几种,并且大多数是高度易突变的病原体,如流感病毒、鼻病毒和冠状病毒等,序列变异大,进化迅速,即使同一类病原体内部也存在多种不同变异株。针对呼吸道病原体种类多,变异快的特征,本发明在多重引物设计中解决两方面技术问题:一是设计特异性保守简并引物,保证引物在不同类病原体间的特异性,尤其是在不同亚型病原体间的特异性,同时设计保证引物在同一类病原体不同变异株间的保守性和检测覆盖度,引物采用特异性保守简并引物,即可以涵盖同一类病原体的多种变异类型,对目标基因的位点突变具有很强适应性,同时又可以有效地避免非特异性扩增,尤其适合检测高突变多亚型的病原体。二是设计解决多达20种以上病原体单反应体系多重扩增的问题,通过引物间的相互匹配设计,避免引物间的相互交联。
本发明采用基于多重特异性保守简并引物的一步法逆转录多重RT-PCR(One-step Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction)扩增技术检测呼吸道病原体。多重RT-PCR方法是将多对引物放到同一个反应管中,并在同一体系中依次进行逆转录反应和PCR扩增反应,达到单管反应体系同时检测多种目标RNA/DNA序列的目的。
本发明采用一组特异性保守简并探针检测多重RT-PCR产物中的目标序列。简并探针采用长探针设计,长度为59个核苷酸,相对于短探针,长探针与目标基因的结合更牢固,检测灵敏度更高。特异性保守简并探针5’端带氨基(NH2)修饰,方便探针与基因芯片的结合。
本发明采用基因芯片方面进行呼吸道病原体的分子杂交检测,基因芯片技术基于核酸分子杂交原理。其工作过程是首先将针对各个呼吸道病原体的单链探针按顺序排列固定于固相支持介质表面的特定区域,形成低密度探针阵列,再将待测的多重RT-PCR产物与其杂交,这样产物中的目标基因序 列就会和支持介质上的探针杂交,目标序列产物DNA上带有荧光基团标志,结合了待测DNA的探针点就偶联上了标志物,在经过相应洗涤和荧光扫描等步骤就能读取对应的杂交信号,这样一张芯片上就可以同时检测多个呼吸道病原体目标序列。
有益效果
本公开的有益效果包括如下一个或多个方面:
在一个技术方案中,本公开提供的呼吸道病原体多重PCR引物和检测探针组合,解决多达20种以上病原体单反应体系多重扩增和检测的问题。
在一个技术方案中,本公开涉及的检测探针和引物采用特异性保守简并寡核苷酸设计,提高了对目标序列的检测覆盖度,尤其适合具有高突变特点的呼吸道病原体检测。
在一个技术方案中,本公开涉及的设计避免了多重体系中不同引物之间的非特异性交叉反应。
在一个技术方案中,本公开涉及的设计避免了引物与样本中潜在的非目标序列间的非特异性扩增。
在一个技术方案中,本公开涉及的设计避免探针与非目标序列产物DNA的非特异性杂交。
在一个技术方案中,本公开涉及的操作简单,经过一次样本前处理,单管RT-PCR扩增,单芯片杂交就可以同步检测样本中多种呼吸道病原体,具有平行分析和多重判断的特点。
在一个技术方案中,本公开涉及的检验对象完备,包含了22种常见的呼吸道病原体,并且可以很方便的加入新的检测序列。
在一个技术方案中,本公开涉及的试剂盒采用了基因芯片的检测方式,提高了系统的多指标平行检测能力。
在一个技术方案中,本公开涉及的试剂盒操作简单,便捷,适用于呼吸道病原体的大规模检测。
根据下面参考附图对示例性实施例的详细说明,本发明的其它特征及方面将变得清楚。
附图说明
图1-3为本发明用于检测呼吸道病原体样本基因芯片杂交结果,其中:
图1为芯片探针分布模式图;
图2为22份呼吸道样本检测结果图;
图3为23份阳性对照(22种病原体标准核酸分子和1种GAPDH內源对照标准核酸分子)和1份阴性对照(H 2O)检测结果图。
具体实施方式
以下将参考附图详细说明本发明的各种示例性实施例、特征和方面。
在这里专用的词“示例性”意为“用作例子、实施例或说明性”。这里作为“示例性”所说明的任何实施例不必解释为优于或好于其它实施例。
另外,为了更好的说明本公开,在下文的具体实施方式中给出了众多的具体细节。本领域技术人员应当理解,没有某些具体细节,本公开同样可以实施。
呼吸道常见病原体多重RT-PCR联合基因芯片检测试剂盒,该试剂盒用于检测以下病原体中的一种或多种:流感病毒A型、流感病毒B型、副流感病毒1型、副流感病毒2型、副流感病毒3型、副流感病毒4型、人类偏肺病毒、鼻病毒A型、鼻病毒B型、鼻病毒C型、博卡病毒、腺病毒、冠状病毒229E、冠状病毒HKU-1、冠状病毒NL63、冠状病毒OC43、呼吸道合胞病毒A型、呼吸道合胞病毒B型、肺炎支原体、肺炎衣原体、嗜肺军团杆菌和肺炎链球菌共22种呼吸道病原体的引物组合和探针组合;同时设有人GAPDH基因內源对照以及阳性对照和阴性对照。除引物和探针组合外,试剂盒中还包含基因芯片、辅料和配液。
实施例一:呼吸道常见病原体多重RT-PCR联合基因芯片检测试剂盒。
1)多重特异性保守简并引物和探针的设计与制备:
从核酸数据库下载各病原体的核酸序列,进行多序列比对(NCBI database,ClustalW),根据比对结果生成一条简并序列(Python程序);剔除序列中的高变异区(Python程序),并经引物设计过程生成多对候选引物(Primer3,Python程序),序列比对分析候选引物特异性,以避免与样品中其他核酸发生交叉反应(BLAST+);之后评估不同目标基因引物间兼容性,评估内容包括Tm值相似性、引物二聚体倾向和3’末端杂交倾向(Python程 序),最终生成多重简并引物组合;再根据引物扩增区域,使用相应程序设计特异性保守简并探针(Python程序),再通过序列比对分析探针的特异性以避免与样品中其他核酸发生交叉反应(BLAST+)。內源对照GAPDH采用相同的设计方法。阳性对照探针和阴性对照探针为随机生成的59个核苷酸的寡核苷酸,并且通过序列比对避免与待检病原体序列发生非特异性交联。根据阳性对照探针生成阳性寡核苷酸单链DNA,其序列为阳性对照探针的反向互补序列。采用固相亚磷酰胺三酯法合成得到上述引物和探针组合以及相应的对照序列。最后通过实验方法验证探针和引物的性能。
2)制备基因芯片:
采用微定量喷点式基因芯片点样仪,将各个核苷酸探针(探针用芯片点样液溶解,浓度10μmol/L)分布在光学级氨基芯片上的特定位置区域。芯片置于80℃烘2小时以固定探针,固定后芯片在清洗液中清洗5分钟,后无水乙醇洗涤,离心甩干,处理好的芯片室温保存。芯片表面包被的探针阵列布局如图1。
3)制备阳性标准核酸分子:
使用基因合成的方法制备各病原体和内对照的阳性标准核酸分子,合成区包括PCR扩增区及上下游各150个核苷酸的区域。合成序列插入到pET-30a质粒载体,之后经过质粒提取、纯化和定量,并稀释成105copies/μl,用来作为多重PCR扩增和基因芯片检测的阳性标准核酸分子。
4)准备PCR反应预混液:使用SuperRT One Step RT-PCR Kit(CWBIO),体系中含有逆转录酶、DNA聚合酶、RNA酶抑制剂、dNTP等成分。每管反应需准备15μl反应预混液,预混液包含:2×RT-PCR反应缓冲液(12.5μl)、酶混合液(0.5μl)、引物混合液(2μl),其中引物混合液中含有各病原体的扩增引物,其中每条Cy5标志的引物浓度为3.75μmol/L,每条非标志引物的浓度为2.5μmol/L。
5)提取样本核酸:采集待检临床样本,样本类型可以为鼻咽拭子样本、痰液、肺灌洗液等呼吸道样本。之后采用适当的核酸提取技术(如病毒基因组DNA/RNA提取试剂盒Viral DNA/RNA Kit,CWBIO)从样本中抽提核酸。
6)多重PCR扩增反应:采用25μl扩增体系,组成为:PCR反应预混液(15μl),样本提取核酸(5μl),超纯水(5μl)。同时设置阳性对照(阳 性标准核酸分子)和阴性对照(无菌水),并以相同的体系对阳性对照和阴性对照进行混合操作。随后将各反应管按照如下程序进行多重PCR扩增:45℃保持30分钟(逆转录);95℃保持2分钟(热启动);之后进入35个热循环过程,94℃保持30秒,55℃保持30秒,72℃保持30秒;最后72℃保持5分钟。
7)基因芯片杂交检测:将芯片微阵列面朝上放入杂交设备中,在点阵位置加上配制好的杂交液(使用前配制,500~1000μl杂交液(5xSSC,0.1%SDS)中加入20μl多重PCR扩增产物,同时加入1μl浓度为2μmol/L阳性寡核苷酸单链DNA),小心盖上杂交盒上盖,50℃杂交1小时;取出芯片,将芯片放入42℃清洗液I(0.5xSSC,0.1%SDS)中清洗2分钟,之后将芯片再放入42℃清洗液II(0.05xSSC)中清洗2分钟,离心甩干;用合适的荧光扫描仪扫描芯片(如博奥LuxScan 10k扫描仪),之后根据杂交点荧光信号进行结果判读。
实施例二:呼吸道病原体阳性样本检测。
使用带有如下病原体的呼吸道阳性样本,样本类型为咽拭子采样或肺灌洗液:流感病毒A型、流感病毒B型、副流感病毒1型、副流感病毒2型、副流感病毒3型、副流感病毒4型、人类偏肺病毒、鼻病毒A型、鼻病毒B型、鼻病毒C型、博卡病毒、腺病毒、冠状病毒229E、冠状病毒HKU-1、冠状病毒NL63、冠状病毒OC43、呼吸道合胞病毒A型、呼吸道合胞病毒B型、肺炎支原体、肺炎衣原体、嗜肺军团杆菌和肺炎链球菌,共22份阳性样本。同时设置阳性对照(22种病原体标准核酸分子和1种GAPDH內源对照标准核酸分子)和阴性对照(无菌水),并以相同的过程实施检测。引物和探针组合、辅料、配液以及对照标准质粒分子的获取见实施例一。
利用核酸提取试剂盒(病毒基因组DNA/RNA提取试剂盒Viral DNA/RNA Kit,CWBIO)从样本中抽提核酸,核酸最后溶于50μl核酸洗脱液。吸取5ul核酸样本,用于多重PCR扩增。采用25μl扩增体系,组成为:PCR反应预混液(15μl),样本提取核酸(5μl),超纯水(5μl)。同时设置阳性对照(阳性标准核酸分子)和阴性对照(无菌水),并以相同的体系对阳性对照和阴性对照进行混合操作。随后将各反应管按照如下程序进行多重PCR扩增:45℃保持30分钟(逆转录);95℃保持2分钟(热启动);之后进 入35个热循环过程,94℃保持30秒,55℃保持30秒,72℃保持30秒;最后72℃保持5分钟。
使用基因芯片方法检测多重PCR产物,具体过程同实施例一,之后根据杂交点的显色情况进行结果判读。结果22份样本中可分别检测到22中呼吸道病原体的存在,同时23份阳性对照(22种病原体标准核酸分子和1种GAPDH內源对照标准核酸分子)和1份阴性对照(无菌水)杂交点显色正确。检测结果如图2和图3。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种呼吸道常见病原体多重RT-PCR联合基因芯片检测试剂盒,该试剂盒用于检测以下病原体中的一种或多种:流感病毒A型、流感病毒B型、副流感病毒1型、副流感病毒2型、副流感病毒3型、副流感病毒4型、人类偏肺病毒、鼻病毒A型、鼻病毒B型、鼻病毒C型、博卡病毒、腺病毒、冠状病毒229E、冠状病毒HKU-1、冠状病毒NL63、冠状病毒OC43、呼吸道合胞病毒A型、呼吸道合胞病毒B型、肺炎支原体、肺炎衣原体、嗜肺军团杆菌和肺炎链球菌;
    所述检测试剂盒内设有用于检测所述呼吸道常见病原体的引物组合和探针组合;
    其特征在于引物组合为一组或多组多重特异性保守简并引物(Multiplex Specific Conserved Degenerate Primer)组合,其中简并位点的核苷酸表示为R=A/G,Y=C/T,M=A/C,K=G/T,S=C/G,W=A/T,H=A/C/T,B=C/G/T,V=A/C/G,D=A/G/T,N=A/C/G/T,
    其中,所述引物组合中的反向引物的5’端还带有荧光基团,所述荧光基团可以相同或不同;
    所述引物组合中的各对引物的5’-3’碱基序列序列如下:
    流感病毒A型,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:GCTTTYACNGADGARGGAGCAA(SEQ ID NO:1),
    反向引物:5’-AYSYCAAYTGCATTTTTGACATCCT(SEQ ID NO:2);
    流感病毒B型,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:GCCAATTCGAGCAGCTGAAACTG(SEQ ID NO:3),
    反向引物:5’-TCCGTRACYAGTCTAATTGTCTCYCTC(SEQ ID NO:4);
    副流感病毒1型,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:TCAAACTTAATCACTCAAGGATGTGYAGAT(SEQ ID NO:5),
    反向引物:5’-AGAAAYTRCCGGKTTTARATCAGGATACAT(SEQ ID NO:6);
    副流感病毒2型,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:ACAATGTAATRCTTGGAGATTGYCTYGAT(SEQ ID  NO:7),
    反向引物:5’-GCTTTTSCGATTGATTCCATCACTTAGG(SEQ ID NO:8);
    副流感病毒3型,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:TGGCATAATGTGYTATCAAGACCAGG(SEQ ID NO:9),
    反向引物:5’-TCYARTATRACAGATGAYACAATGCTYCCT(SEQ ID NO:10);
    副流感病毒4型,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:WGCTCTTAGRATCATTGAAGTTGATGCA(SEQ ID NO:11),
    反向引物:5’-GCWARGCTRATAGGCAAATCYCTGG(SEQ ID NO:12);
    人类偏肺病毒,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:YGARGTMAATGCRACTGTRGCA(SEQ ID NO:13),
    反向引物:5’-GCYGARCTYACAAAYTTTGAYACCA(SEQ ID NO:14);
    鼻病毒A型,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:GCCGGAGGABTCAARGYGAG(SEQ ID NO:15),
    反向引物:5’-TAGACCTGGCAGATGAGGCT(SEQ ID NO:16);
    鼻病毒B型,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:CYCCACTAGTYTGGTCGATGAGGCT(SEQ ID NO:17),
    反向引物:5’-NTCACAAYCAAGCACATGCRRGTCTT(SEQ ID NO:18);
    鼻病毒C型,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:CACYGGYGACRGTGRYGTAGC(SEQ ID NO:19),
    反向引物:5’-CCATCCCRYAATTRCTCRTTACGAC(SEQ ID NO:20);
    博卡病毒,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:ACTGCTACTGAGATTGCAGCTC(SEQ ID NO:21),
    反向引物:5’-GCAGTATCCGTTTTCGTGAAGTGTA(SEQ ID NO:22);
    腺病毒,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:AGACACCTACTTCAGTMTKGGGAA(SEQ ID NO:23),
    反向引物:5’-GGCACRAAGCGCAGCRTCAG(SEQ ID NO:24);
    冠状病毒229E,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:AACGTTTCAGAACTAGAAAGGGCA(SEQ ID NO:25),
    反向引物:5’-TGTAGGYTCAGTTTTAGCACCATCAA(SEQ ID NO:26);
    冠状病毒HKU-1,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:CCTGGTACGATTYTGCCTCAAGG(SEQ ID NO:27),
    反向引物:5’-ACGAKTATTGGGTCCACGTGAT(SEQ ID NO:28);
    冠状病毒NL63,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:GCCAAAGGTTTTCCACAGYTTGC(SEQ ID NO:29),
    反向引物:5’-CTGCTCAATGAACTTAGGAAGGTTCTT(SEQ ID NO:30);
    冠状病毒OC43,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:CATTGTCGATCGGGACCCAA(SEQ ID NO:31),
    反向引物:5’-TRCTGGATGTGCGCGAAGTA(SEQ ID NO:32);
    呼吸道合胞病毒A型,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:GCAAATAYACCATCCAACGGAGC(SEQ ID NO:33),
    反向引物:5’-YCCAGTGAATTTRTGATTRGCATCTTCTG(SEQ ID NO:34);
    呼吸道合胞病毒B型,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:GGGCAAATACAAARATGGCTCTTAGC(SEQ ID NO:35),
    反向引物:5’-TGYTTTTGYACATCATAATTGGGAGTGTC(SEQ ID NO:36);
    肺炎支原体,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:GGCCCATACTCCTACGGGAG(SEQ ID NO:37),
    反向引物:5’-GCGACTGCTGGCACATAGTT(SEQ ID NO:38);
    肺炎衣原体,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:TGTAAAGCACTTTCGCCTGGGAA(SEQ ID NO:39),
    反向引物:5’-CACCCTCCGTATTACCGCAGCT(SEQ ID NO:40);
    嗜肺军团杆菌,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:GATAAGTTGTCTTATAGCATTGGTGCCGA(SEQ ID  NO:41),
    反向引物:5’-CTTTCATTTGYTGYTCGGTTAAAGCCA(SEQ ID NO:42);
    肺炎链球菌,反向引物5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:GCTGGAAGAAAATCGCTGABAAGTG(SEQ ID NO:43),
    反向引物:5’-GGTTTGAGGTAGTACCARCCTGTT(SEQ ID NO:44);
    并且,所述检测试剂盒中的所述探针组合为顺序固定于基因芯片表面的一条或多条核酸探针,包括所述呼吸道病常见原体的特异性保守简并探针(Degenerate Probe),其中简并位点的核苷酸表示为R=A/G,Y=C/T,M=A/C,K=G/T,S=C/G,W=A/T,H=A/C/T,B=C/G/T,V=A/C/G,D=A/G/T,N=A/C/G/T,
    任选的,所述核酸探针的5’端具有方便探针与基因芯片的结合的修饰;
    所述探针组合中的各条探针的碱基序列5’-3’如下:
    流感病毒A型探针:
    5’-GADGARGGAGCAATHGTDGGMGAAATYTCACCATTRCCTTCTYTTCCAGGACATACTDD(SEQ ID NO:47);
    流感病毒B型探针:
    5’-CTGAAACTGCGRTGGGAGTCYTATCCCAATTTGGTCAAGAGCACCGATTATCACCAGAA(SEQ ID NO:48);
    副流感病毒1型探针:
    5’-YAGATATAGGGAAGTCRTAYCAGGTTTTACAATTAGGTTAYATATCYTTAAATTCAGAT(SEQ ID NO:49);
    副流感病毒2型探针:
    5’-CRRCATCTRAYCAGTATTTAKCAATGGGGATAATACAACAATCTGCTGCRGVRTTTCCA(SEQ ID NO:50);
    副流感病毒3型探针:
    5’-CAAYGAATGTCCATGGGGACAYTCATGYCCRGATGGRTGYATAACRGGAGTRTATACHG(SEQ ID NO:51);
    副流感病毒4型探针:
    5’-CCRCMRGATTATACATTAACYATTAAYCCAAGRTCTGGCTGGGA TGAYATCAAGATCAG(SEQ ID NO:52);
    人类偏肺病毒探针:
    5’-TYGAYGARTAYAGYAAAYTDGAHTTTGAYAARYTNACRGTYTGYGADGTWAAAACAGTT(SEQ ID NO:53);
    鼻病毒A型探针:
    5’-DRRRGTGYGCAGGCAGCCACGCAGGCTRGAACACTGTYRCCAGTGGGGDDYTTCYAGCC(SEQ ID NO:54);
    鼻病毒B型探针:
    5’-YYAGCCTGCGTGGCGGCCARCCCAGCDYHTGCTGGGACGCCHWTTYAHDGACATGGTGY(SEQ ID NO:55);
    鼻病毒C型探针:
    5’-AAGRCHBKMRTGYGCTAVNHRTGABTCCTCCGGCCCCTGAATGCGGCTAATCYTAAMCC(SEQ ID NO:56);
    博卡病毒探针:
    5’-ACRACTGTACTCTGACAGGATTTAAACAAAAATGGAATTTAGATAAAATTCCAAACYCA(SEQ ID NO:57);
    腺病毒探针:
    5’-AARTTTAGRAACCCCACRGTGGCGCCYACCCACGATGTGACCACCGAYCGYAGCCAGCG(SEQ ID NO:58);
    冠状病毒229E探针:
    5’-GRGTGGATTTGYCACCCAAGYTRYATTTTTATTATCTTGGCACAGGACCYCATAAAGMT(SEQ ID NO:59);
    冠状病毒HKU-1探针:
    5’-CTATTATGTTGAAGGCTCAGGAAGGTCTGCTTCTAATAGYCGRCCAGGTTCACGTTCTC(SEQ ID NO:60);
    冠状病毒NL63探针:
    5’-ARTTGATTCCYAATCAGGCTGCDTTATTCTTTGATAGTGAGGTTAGCACTGAWGAAGTG(SEQ ID NO:61);
    冠状病毒OC43探针:
    5’-TAGYGATGAGGCTATTYCGACTAGGTTTCCGCCTGGYACGGTAC TCCCTCAGGGTTACT(SEQ ID NO:62);
    呼吸道合胞病毒A型探针:
    5’-AYACTCCTAAYTAYGATGTRCAGAAACACATYAAYAAKYTATGTGGCATGTTATTAATC(SEQ ID NO:63);
    呼吸道合胞病毒B型探针:
    5’-AGGATCAGCTGCTGTCATYCAGCAAATAYRCYATTCAACGTAGYACAGGAGATAATATT(SEQ ID NO:64);
    肺炎支原体探针:
    5’-GCAGCAGTAGGGAATTTTTCACAATGAGCGAAAGCTTGATGGAGCAATGCCGCGTGAAC(SEQ ID NO:65);
    肺炎衣原体探针:
    5’-TAATATCCAATYGATTTGAGCGTACCRGGTAAAGAAGCACCGGCTAACTCCGTGCCAGC(SEQ ID NO:66);
    嗜肺军团杆菌探针:
    5’-TTGGGRAAGAAYTTTAARAATCAAGGCATWGATGTTARYCCGGAAGCAWTGGCTAAAGG(SEQ ID NO:67);
    肺炎链球菌探针:
    5’-TACTATTTYRAYGWAGAAGGTGCCATGAAGACAGGCTGGGTCAAGTACAAGGACACHTG(SEQ ID NO:68)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的呼吸道常见病原体多重RT-PCR联合基因芯片检测试剂盒,其中,
    所述检测试剂盒的所述引物组合还包含人内源对照、阳性对照和/或阴性对照的引物;
    所述检测试剂盒中的所述荧光基团选自Cy5;
    可选的,所述内源对照为人GAPDH基因的内源对照;
    所述人内源对照GAPDH基因的反向引物的5’端带荧光基团:
    正向引物:ATCTTCCAGGAGCGAGATCC(SEQ ID NO:45),
    反向引物:5’-AGGGGGCAGAGATGATGAC(SEQ ID NO:46)。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2任一项所述的呼吸道常见病原体多重RT-PCR联合基因芯片检测试剂盒,其中,
    所述检测试剂盒的所述探针组合包括内源对照探针,阳性杂交点探针和/或阴性杂交点探针;
    所述具有方便探针与基因芯片的结合的修饰为氨基(NH2)修饰;
    任选的,所述内源对照探针为人GAPDH内源对照探针;
    其中,所述人内源对照GAPDH基因探针的序列为:
    5’-TCCAAAATCAAGTGGGGCGATGCTGGCGCTGAGTACGTCGTGGAGTCCACTGGCGTCTT(SEQ ID NO:69);
    所述阳性杂交点探针的序列为:
    5’-CCCTCGGGTTAATGCGCGATTGTCACCACACGTTGCGAGTTATGTTGCTGCGGAGATGG(SEQ ID NO:70);
    所述阴性杂交点探针的序列为:
    5’-GATCGTCGTTGGGCTTTAGATTTCTCTTATAGGCTCGGTCGGCGCCTCTCGCCCCGAGC(SEQ ID NO:71)。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的呼吸道常见病原体多重RT-PCR联合基因芯片检测试剂盒,其特征在于,所述检测试剂盒还包含基因芯片,所述基因芯片具有表面固定有探针阵列的固相支持介质,所述探针阵列由权利要求1-3任一项所述的探针组合组成;
    任选的,所述探针阵列还可以包括内源对照探针,阳性杂交点探针和/或阴性杂交点探针;
    可选的,所述内源对照探针为人GAPDH内源对照探针。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的呼吸道常见病原体多重RT-PCR联合基因芯片检测试剂盒,其特征在于,所述固相支持介质选自玻璃片、硅片、尼龙膜或硝酸纤维素膜。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的呼吸道常见病原体多重RT-PCR联合基因芯片检测试剂盒,其特征在于,所述检测试剂盒还包含辅料,所述辅料包括一步法逆转录扩增试剂(One Step RT-PCR Reagent)、超纯水(Ultrapure Water)和5’端带荧光基团的阳性寡核苷酸单链DNA,
    所述5’端带荧光基团的阳性寡核苷酸单链DNA的碱基序列为5'-CCATCTCCGCAGCAACATAACTCGCAACGTGTGGTGACAATCGCGCATTAACCCGAGGG-3’(SEQ ID NO:72);
    可选的,所述荧光基团为Cy5。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的呼吸道常见病原体多重RT-PCR联合基因芯片检测试剂盒,其特征在于,所述检测试剂盒还包含配液,所述配液包含芯片点样液、芯片清洗液、杂交液、清洗液I和清洗液II。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的呼吸道常见病原体多重RT-PCR联合基因芯片检测试剂盒,其特征在于,所述芯片点样液为50%DMSO;芯片清洗液为5x SSC(20x SSC:3M NaCl,0.3M Na 3Citrate·2H 2O,pH 7.0),0.2%SDS;杂交液为5x SSC,0.1%SDS;清洗液I为0.5x SSC,0.1%SDS;清洗液II为0.05x SSC。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的呼吸道常见病原体多重RT-PCR联合基因芯片检测试剂盒,其特征在于,所述检测试剂盒用于检测所述病原体的所述病原体数量为20个或以上。
  10. 一种检测呼吸道常见病原体的方法,其特征在于,利用权利要求1-9任一项的所述检测试剂盒进行检测。
  11. 一种基因芯片,所述基因芯片具有表面固定有探针阵列的固相支持介质,所述探针阵列包括权利要求1-9任一项所述的探针组合;
    任选的,所述探针阵列还可以包括内源对照探针,阳性杂交点探针和/或阴性杂交点探针;
    可选的,所述内源对照探针为人GAPDH内源对照探针。
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