WO2018171284A1 - 一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺 - Google Patents

一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018171284A1
WO2018171284A1 PCT/CN2017/119666 CN2017119666W WO2018171284A1 WO 2018171284 A1 WO2018171284 A1 WO 2018171284A1 CN 2017119666 W CN2017119666 W CN 2017119666W WO 2018171284 A1 WO2018171284 A1 WO 2018171284A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steel pipe
transport
pipe pile
lifting
pile
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Application number
PCT/CN2017/119666
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱军
胡静波
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南通蓝岛海洋工程有限公司
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Publication of WO2018171284A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018171284A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/10—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of cranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/002—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for goods other than bulk goods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/24—Means for preventing unwanted cargo movement, e.g. dunnage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2241/00—Design characteristics
    • B63B2241/20—Designs or arrangements for particular purposes not otherwise provided for in this class
    • B63B2241/24—Designs or arrangements for particular purposes not otherwise provided for in this class for facilitating transport, e.g. hull shape with limited dimensions

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of marine transportation manufacturing, and particularly relates to a lifting and transporting process of wind power steel pipe piles.
  • the offshore project has a large volume and a high center of gravity. It is generally divided into sections, sections, and sections. Finally, the offshore wind farm assembly method is used to complete the installation of offshore operations. Since offshore wind turbines are generally transported in sections, wind turbines are used in the course of shipping to fully utilize the limited deck area to transport more steel pipe piles and associated components and to reduce the deformation of towers and steel pipe piles. The transportation and lashing of steel pipe piles and transport ship decks is the most important part of the wind power generator steel pipe piles in the shipping process.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a hoisting and transportation process for wind power steel pipe piles, which is stable in hoisting, avoids breakage of steel wire ropes, secure lashing, and ensures transportation safety.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a wind power steel pipe pile hoisting transportation process
  • the wind power steel pipe pile includes a pile body portion, a flange portion, and a connecting portion connecting the cylindrical body portion and the flange portion
  • the diameter of the inner circle of the blue portion is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion.
  • the weight of the steel pipe pile is G
  • the diameter of the pile body is D
  • the length of the pile is L pile
  • the distance from the center of gravity to the flange is L, including the selection of the floating crane.
  • the ship calculates the lifting parameters of the floating crane, selects the lifting point of the steel pipe pile, selects the transport ship, selects the transport bracket, installs the transport bracket, hoisting the steel pipe pile, loading the steel pipe pile, tying the steel pipe pile, and installing the auxiliary components;
  • Select the lifting point of the steel pipe pile select one of the left and right lifting points on the steel pipe pile, and determine the position of the lifting point according to the center of gravity of the steel pipe pile, one left and one right and two lifting points and steel pipe The distance between the center of gravity of the pile is equal, the position of the lifting point on the steel pipe pile is marked, and the position of the hook is determined.
  • the hook is connected with the two lifting points by the hanging wire rope, and the angle between the two lifting wire ropes is ensured. Less than or equal to 45°;
  • the total length of the transport vessel must be greater than the length of the steel pipe pile, and the length difference is in the range of 3-10 meters, and the maximum cargo capacity is 1.8G;
  • n transport brackets Place the n transport brackets above the transverse bulkhead of the transport ship by welding.
  • the transport brackets required for each steel pipe pile are arranged at equal intervals.
  • n transport brackets are based on the number of steel pipe piles.
  • the number of rows of transport brackets is determined, and the plurality of transport brackets are sequentially arranged correspondingly, and two I-beams are respectively disposed on both sides of the transport bracket for lateral fixation;
  • Lifting steel pipe pile The floating crane will lift the steel pipe pile, use the hook to rotate the steel pipe pile by 90°, make the steel pipe pile parallel to the pier, and use the mooring cable and its own power to move back 50 meters.
  • the deck barge carrying the steel pipe pile travels between the pier and the floating crane;
  • steel pipe pile loading steel pipe piles fall into the row of transport brackets through the hooks of the floating cranes, so that the flange parts of the steel pipe piles are placed close to the bow of the transport ship, and the steel pipe piles are horizontally hoisted according to the above steps. ;
  • the transport bracket includes a vertically disposed connecting portion, and the upper end surface of the connecting portion is a circular arc surface and a circular arc plate is formed along the circular arc surface in a direction corresponding to the circular arc surface, and the diameter of the circular arc is
  • the diameter of the steel pipe pile is the same
  • the upper end surface of the circular arc plate is provided with a foam pad
  • the side plate of the connecting portion is provided with a side plate and the bottom of the connecting portion is provided with a bottom plate
  • the widths of the circular arc plate, the side plate and the bottom plate are larger than
  • the thickness of the connecting portion is at the same time
  • the outer side of the side plate is provided with a lifting lure a which is connected with the steel wire rope of the steel pipe pile
  • a plurality of supporting plates which are vertically arranged and located on both sides of the circular arc plate are arranged between the circular arc plate and the bottom plate.
  • the plurality of support plates are arranged at equal intervals, and the bottom plate is
  • the accessory member comprises a plurality of ring beams coaxially arranged from top to bottom, a plurality of support columns connecting the plurality of ring beams and uniformly arranged on the outer ring of the ring beam, and the top ring beam is provided above
  • the operation platform is arranged side by side and vertically arranged along the axis of the support column with an escalator and a ship member, the upper end of the escalator extending to the operation platform, the lower end of which extends to the position of the ring beam at the bottom, and the vertical arrangement along the support column
  • the accessory member is connected to the deck of the transport ship through six securing steel wire ropes.
  • the upper end of the solidified steel wire rope is connected with the ring beam of the accessory member, and the upper end is placed at a position 2-3 meters above the center of gravity of the accessory member, and the lower end of the wire rope is fastened and transported.
  • the deck of the ship is connected by lugs b which are welded to the deck of the deck of the transport vessel, which is welded to the deck of the transport vessel, while the angle between the securing rope and the deck is 45°-60°.
  • step b the sling is set at the position of the hanging point, and the end of the hoisting wire rope and the steel pipe pile near the hoisting wire rope is fixed by a fixed wire rope, one end of the tying wire rope is connected with the hoisting wire rope, and the other end is connected with One end of the steel pipe pile is connected.
  • step e a quilt is laid on the transport bracket near the bow of the transport vessel.
  • the process steps of the invention are smooth and orderly, the lifting is stable, and the binding is firm.
  • the selection of the two lifting points and the position of the hook are ensured that the angle between the two lifting wire ropes cannot exceed 45°, and the distance between the lifting wire ropes is reduced.
  • the accessory member is connected to the deck of the transport ship through six securing steel wire ropes.
  • the lugs b are connected, and the lugs b are welded to the shim of the deck of the transport vessel, which is welded to the deck of the transport vessel, the shim being arranged to prevent the transport vessel from tearing the deck of the transport vessel while shaking.
  • I-beams are installed on both sides of the transport bracket for lateral fixation. During the transportation process, there is a possibility that the ship is inclined by 30°. I-beams are placed on both sides of the transport bracket to ensure steel. The tightness of the pipe pile binding.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural schematic view of a single set of steel pipe pile transportation for a wind power steel pipe pile hoisting transportation process according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the hoisting of a steel pipe pile in a hoisting and transporting process of a wind power steel pipe pile according to the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic view showing the connection of the sling and the hook device in the step b of the hoisting and transporting process of the wind power steel pipe pile according to the present invention.
  • FIG 4 is a schematic view showing the step f of the loading of the steel pipe pile to the dock and the floating crane in the step f of the hoisting and transporting process of the wind power steel pipe pile according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a transport bracket in step d of a hoisting and transporting process of a wind power steel pipe pile according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a side view of the transport bracket in step d of the hoisting and transporting process of the wind power steel pipe pile according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a side view of the steel pipe pile loaded into the transport bracket in step g of the hoisting and transporting process of the wind power steel pipe pile according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of an accessory member in step i of a hoisting and transporting process of a wind power steel pipe pile according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a structural schematic view of a ring beam and a U-shaped card plate of an accessory member in the step i of the hoisting and transporting process of the wind power steel pipe pile according to the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a structural schematic view showing the connection of the fixed steel wire rope and the deck of the transport ship in the step i of the hoisting and transporting process of the wind power steel pipe pile according to the present invention.
  • the wind power steel pipe pile includes a pile body portion, a flange portion, and a connecting portion connecting the cylindrical body portion and the flange portion, and the inner diameter of the flange portion is smaller than the tube diameter.
  • the inner diameter of the body, the weight of the steel pipe pile 6 is G
  • the diameter of the pile body is D
  • the length of the pile is L pile
  • the distance from the center of gravity to the flange is L, including selecting a floating crane and calculating the floating crane.
  • Hoisting parameters selection of lifting points of steel pipe piles, selection of transport vessels, selection of transport brackets, installation of transport brackets, lifting of steel pipe piles, loading of steel pipe piles, tying of steel pipe piles, installation of auxiliary components;
  • Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 Select the lifting point of the steel pipe pile 6: as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, select one of the left and right lifting points on the steel pipe pile 6, and determine the position of the lifting point according to the center of gravity of the steel pipe pile 6. , the left and right lifting points are equal to the distance between the center of gravity of the steel pipe pile 6 , and the position of the hanging point on the steel pipe pile 6 is marked, and the position of the hook 4 is determined, the hook 4 and the two lifting points are determined.
  • connection is made by the hoisting wire rope 5, and the angle between the two hoisting wire ropes 5 is ensured to be less than or equal to 45°; the sling 3 is set at the position of the lifting point to prevent the steel pipe pile 6 from being painted on the surface of the steel pipe pile 6 during the hoisting process. Destruction, to ensure the surface quality of the steel pipe pile 6; at one end of the hoisting steel wire rope 5 and the steel pipe pile 6 near the hoisting steel wire rope 5 is fixed by a fixed steel wire rope 8 which is connected at one end to the hoisting steel wire rope 5, and the other end It is connected with one end of the steel pipe pile 6 to prevent the lifting wire rope 5 from sliding toward the center of gravity, resulting in uneven distribution of weight and ensuring safety of lifting;
  • the total length of the transport vessel 11 needs to be greater than the length of the steel pipe pile 6, and the length difference is in the range of 3-10 meters, the maximum cargo capacity is 1.8G;
  • the transport bracket 12 includes a vertically connected connecting portion 13, and the upper end surface of the connecting portion 13 is a circular arc surface and a circular arc surface is provided along the circular arc surface.
  • the circular arc plate 14 has a uniform direction, and the diameter of the circular arc plate 14 is the same as the diameter of the steel pipe pile 6.
  • the upper end surface of the circular arc plate 14 is provided with a foam pad, and the side plate 15 is provided on both sides of the connecting portion 13.
  • the bottom of the connecting portion 13 is provided with a bottom plate 16, and the width of the circular arc plate 14, the side plate 15, and the bottom plate 16 are larger than the thickness of the connecting portion 13, and the outer side of the side plate 15 is connected with the steel wire rope for tying the steel pipe pile 6.
  • the lifting lug a17, the circular arc plate 14 and the bottom plate 16 are provided with a plurality of supporting plates 18 which are vertically disposed and located on both sides of the circular arc plate.
  • the plurality of supporting plates 18 are disposed at equal intervals, and the bottom plate 16 and the transverse direction of the transport vessel 11
  • the bulkhead is connected by bolts;
  • the weight of the plurality of steel pipe piles transported horizontally is G, and the plurality of steel pipe piles transported horizontally are provided with n transport brackets. Since the transport vessel 11 has vertical acceleration during the navigation, the vertical acceleration is 0.4G, and the calculation is performed.
  • the load carried by each transport bracket N G ⁇ (1 + 0.4) / n, verify the "hull structure calculation" of the transport vessel 11, and find the maximum load of the transverse bulkhead position of the transport vessel 11, the maximum load value and each The load N carried by the transport bracket 12 is compared, and the maximum load is greater than the load N carried by each transport bracket 12 to meet the loading requirements. If the requirements are not met, the number of transport brackets 12 is increased;
  • n transport brackets 12 are arranged above the transverse bulkhead of the transport vessel 11 by welding, and the transport brackets 12 required for each steel tubular pile 6 are arranged at equal intervals in a horizontal manner, and the n transport brackets 12 are arranged according to The number of steel pipe piles 6 determines the number of rows of transport brackets 12, and the plurality of transport brackets 12 are sequentially arranged correspondingly.
  • Two I-beams 19 are respectively disposed on both sides of the transport bracket 12 for lateral fixation, and the transport vessel 11 is in the transportation process.
  • the ship is inclined by 30°, and the I-beams 19 are arranged on both sides of the transport bracket 12 to ensure the firmness of the bundle of the steel pipe piles 6, and the quilts are laid on the transport brackets 12 near the bow of the transport vessel 11. Since the diameter of the flange portion of the steel pipe pile 6 is smaller than the diameter of the pile portion, the laying quilt ensures that the steel pipe pile 6 is loaded smoothly, and the flange portion of the steel pipe pile 6 is protected to prevent the surface of the steel pipe pile 6 Destruction of paint;
  • tying the steel pipe pile 6 tying the steel pipe pile 6 in turn, pulling the steel wire rope and tying the steel pipe pile 6 along the outer edge of the steel pipe pile 6, one end of the steel wire rope and the transportation support 12 placed at the stern After one end is connected, the wire rope is diagonally pulled to the next transport bracket 12 and connected to the other end of the transport bracket 12, and the steel wire rope is tied from the stern to the bow in turn from bottom to top or from top to bottom, and finally the bow is directed to the bow.
  • the stern is sequentially tied in the opposite direction, so that the wire rope forms two symmetrically intersecting shapes on the surface of the steel pipe pile 6.
  • the accessory member includes a plurality of ring beams 20 coaxially disposed from top to bottom, a plurality of support columns 21 connecting the plurality of ring beams 20 and uniformly arranged on the outer ring of the ring beam 20, and the top ring beam 20
  • An operation platform 22 is arranged above and arranged side by side and vertically arranged along the axis of the support column 21 with an escalator 23 and a ship member 24, the upper end of which extends to the operating platform 22, and the lower end of which extends to the ring beam at the bottom 20 positions, a cable tube 25 is vertically disposed along the support column 21, and the lower portion of the cable tube 25 extends to the position of the bottom ring beam 20 as a bell mouth structure and the opening is outwardly disposed;
  • the floating crane 1 lifts the accessory member, and the accessory member is vertically hoisted to the deck of the transport vessel by the hook device 4, and a plurality of positions for placing the accessory member are selected between the steel pipe pile 6 and the bow, and are selected
  • the position is centered on the deck with the radius of the bottom ring beam 20 of the accessory member, and a plurality of symmetrically arranged points are selected on the circumference and the wooden block 26 is placed at the point; secondly, the accessory member is hoisted to the selection in turn.
  • the U-shaped card plate 27 is provided, and the U-shaped plate is Both ends of the card plate 27 are fixed to the deck of the transport vessel 11 by welding, and are connected to the deck of the transport vessel 11 by wire ropes at the upper portion of the attachment member.
  • connection relationship between the accessory member and the deck of the transport vessel as shown in Figs. 9 and 10, the accessory member is connected to the deck of the transport vessel 11 via six securing wire ropes 28, the upper end a of the securing wire rope 28 and the ring beam 20 of the accessory member Connected, the upper end is placed 2-3 meters upwards in the center of gravity of the attachment member, the lower end b of the securing wire rope 28 is connected to the deck of the transport vessel 11 through the lug b29, and the lug b29 is welded to the shim 30 of the deck of the transport vessel, The backing plate 30 is welded to the deck of the transport vessel 11 while the angle between the securing wire rope 28 and the deck is 45°-60°.
  • the floating crane 1 is calculated when transporting the wind power steel pipe pile.
  • Step b After selecting the lifting point of the steel pipe pile 6, the strength and deformation of the steel pipe pile 6 are analyzed: the structural stress distribution diagram of the steel pipe pile 6 is drawn, and the maximum internal stress of the steel pipe pile 6 is calculated to be 254 N/mm 2
  • the steel material used for the steel pipe pile 6 is Q345C, and the yield strength is 355 N/mm 2 .
  • the analysis shows that the steel pipe pile 6 can meet the lifting requirements of its own strength; the deformation cloud image of the steel pipe pile 6 lifting process, the steel pipe pile 6 The maximum sag in the range of 30 meters at the free end is 26.8mm.
  • the analysis shows that the deformation is within the elastic deformation range and no deformation occurs.
  • Step c Select the total length of the transport vessel 11 to be greater than the length of the steel pipe pile 6 of 88 meters, the width of the model is 22 meters, the depth of the type is 6.1 meters, the length of the cargo deck is 77.5 meters, the effective width of the cargo deck is 18 meters, and the maximum cargo capacity is 1500. Ton;
  • Step f After hoisting the steel pipe pile, check the structural strength of the transport support 12 during transportation: draw the stress distribution map and deformation cloud map of the transport support 12, and calculate that the maximum stress of the transport support 12 is 34.2 N/mm 2 , which is much smaller than The material has a yield strength of 355 N/mm 2 , so that the transport bracket 12 is in a safe state and proceeds to the next step.

Abstract

一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺，包括选择浮吊船（1）并计算浮吊船（1）的吊装参数、选择钢管桩（6）的吊点、选择运输船（11）、选择运输支架（12）、安装运输支架（12）、吊装钢管桩（6）、钢管桩（6）装船、绑扎钢管桩（6）、安装附属构件。该工艺步骤平稳有序，吊装稳固，绑扎牢固，通过两吊点的选取以及确定合钩器（4）的位置，两吊装钢丝绳（5）之间的夹角不能超过45°，减少吊装钢丝绳（5）之间的张力，避免吊装钢丝绳（5）出现断裂，同时也防止吊装钢丝绳（5）向钢管桩（6）的中部滑移引起一端偏重，保证吊装安全；计算运输支架（12）的个数以及单个运输支架（12）所承载的载荷N，保证风电钢管桩（6）在运输过程中不会对运输船（11）产生破坏；绑扎钢管桩（6）牢固稳定，避免运输船（11）在运输过程中出现晃动的现象，保证运输安全。

Description

一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺 技术领域
本发明属于海上运输制造领域，具体涉及一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺。
背景技术
海上作业的项目体积庞大，重心高，一般采用分段制造、分段运输、分段安装，最后在海上风电场总装的方法来完成海上作业的安装。由于海上风力发电机一般采用分段运输，在船运的过程中，为了充分利用有限的甲板面积以运输更多的钢管桩及附属构件并减少塔架以及钢管桩的变形，风力发电机钢管桩与运输船甲板的运输与绑扎是风力发电机钢管桩在海运过程中最重要的一个环节。
现大多钢管桩在运输时采用直立运输的方式，即将钢管桩直立在甲板上，由于钢管桩的桩长较长，直立运输的方式加大了钢管桩与运输船甲板运输与绑扎的难度，钢管桩横向运输时，在吊装过程中容易出现吊装不平稳，钢丝绳断裂，严重影响吊装安全，在吊装绑扎时，由于操作不当很容易使钢管桩表面出现损坏，有的绑扎不牢固，容易在运输过程中出现松动，影响运输船的正常行驶。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，现提供一种吊装平稳、避免钢丝绳断裂、绑扎牢固、保证运输安全的风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺，风电钢管桩包括桩体部、法兰部以及连接筒体部与法兰部的连接部，法兰部的内圆直径小于筒体部的内圆直径，该钢管桩的重量为G、桩体部直径为D，桩长为L桩，重心距法兰的距离为L，包括选择浮吊船并计算浮吊船的吊装参数、选择钢管桩的吊点、选择运输船、选择运输支架、安装运输支架、吊装钢管桩、钢管桩装船、绑扎钢管桩、安装附属构件；
具体步骤如下：
a、选择浮吊船并计算浮吊船的吊装参数：浮吊船的理论吨位为T，根据需要起吊的钢管桩的参数，计算浮吊船的最大起吊重量Gmax＝T×3/L×75％，计算浮吊船的最大起吊高度Hmax＝H 1+H 2,其中H 1为浮吊船吊臂杆滑轮组定滑轮至吊臂下轴的距离，H 2为吊臂下轴至地面的距离；
b、选择钢管桩的吊点：在钢管桩上选择一左一右的两个吊点，根据钢管桩的重心来确定吊点的位置，一左一右两个吊点与钢管桩重心的距离相等，在钢管桩上的吊点位置处打上标记，同时确定合钩器的位置，合钩器与两吊点处通过吊装钢丝绳连接，同时保证两吊装钢丝绳之间的夹角小于等于45°；
c、选择运输船：运输船的总长需大于钢管桩的长度，且长度差在3-10米的范围，最大载货量为1.8G；
d、选择运输支架：水平运输的多根钢管桩重量为G，水平运输的多根钢管桩设置n个运输支架，由于运输船在航行过程中会存在垂 向加速度，该垂向加速度为0.4G，计算每个运输支架所承载的载荷N＝G×(1+0.4)/n，核查运输船的《船体结构计算》，查出运输船横舱壁位置的最大载荷，将最大载荷值与每个运输支架承载的载荷N进行比较，最大载荷大于每个运输支架所承载的载荷N才能满足装载要求，如果不满足要求，增加运输支架的数量；
e、安装运输支架：将n个运输支架通过焊接方式布置在运输船的横舱壁上方，每根钢管桩需要的运输支架水平等间距排列设置,n个运输支架根据钢管桩的数量来决定运输支架的排数，多排运输支架之间依次对应设置，运输支架两侧分别设置两根工字钢进行侧向固定；
f、吊装钢管桩：浮吊船将钢管桩起吊，利用合钩器，将钢管桩旋转90°，使钢管桩与码头平行，利用系泊缆绳及自身动力后移50米，将装载钢管桩的甲板驳行进到码头与浮吊船之间；
g、钢管桩装船：钢管桩通过浮吊船的吊钩落入一排的运输支架中，使钢管桩的法兰部靠近运输船船首设置，按上述步骤依次水平吊装钢管桩；
h、绑扎钢管桩：依次对钢管桩进行绑扎，斜拉钢丝绳并沿着钢管桩的外边缘对钢管桩进行绑扎，钢丝绳的一端与置于船尾的运输支架的一端连接后斜拉钢丝绳至下一个运输支架并与该运输支架的另一端连接，钢丝绳由下至上或者由上至下由船尾向船首的方向依次绑扎钢管桩，最后再由船首向船尾反方向依次绑扎，使钢丝绳在钢管桩的表面形成两道对称交叉设置的形状。
i、安装附属构件：首先，浮吊船将附属构件起吊，利用合钩器将附属构件竖直吊装至运输船甲板上，在钢管桩与船首之间选取多个放置附属构件的位置，并以选取的位置为中心以附属构件底部圈梁的半径在甲板上画圆，在该圆周上选取若干个对称设置的点并在该点处放置木垫块；其次，依次将附属构件吊装至选取位置处并使附属构件的圈梁在木垫块的上方；再次，位于木垫块的位置处且于附属构件底部圈梁的外圈套装U型卡板，并将U型卡板的两端通过焊接固定在运输船甲板上，在附属构件的上部通过系固钢丝绳与运输船甲板连接。
进一步的，运输支架包括竖直设置的连接部，连接部的上端面为圆弧面且沿着该圆弧面设有一与圆弧面方向一致的圆弧板，圆弧板所在圆的直径与钢管桩的直径相同，该圆弧板的上端面设有一泡沫垫，连接部的两侧均设有侧板以及连接部的底部设有底板，圆弧板、侧板、底板的宽度均大于连接部的厚度，同时侧板的外侧设有与绑扎钢管桩的钢丝绳连接的吊耳a，圆弧板与底板之间设有多个竖直设置且位于圆弧板两侧的支撑板，多个支撑板呈等间距设置，底板与运输船的横舱壁通过螺栓连接。
进一步的，步骤i中，附属构件包括由上至下同轴设置的多个圈梁、连接多个圈梁且在圈梁外圈均匀排布的多个支撑柱，顶部圈梁的上方设有操作平台，并列排列并沿着支撑柱的轴线竖向设置有扶梯以及靠船件，该扶梯的上端延伸至操作平台，其下端延伸至位于底部的圈梁位置，沿所述支撑柱竖直设置有电缆管，该电缆管下部延伸至底部圈梁位置为喇叭口结构且开口朝外设置；
附属构件通过六根系固钢丝绳与运输船的甲板连接，该系固钢丝绳的上端与附属构件的圈梁连接，上端置于附属构件重心向上2-3米的位置处，系固钢丝绳的下端与运输船甲板通过吊耳b连接，吊耳b焊接在运输船甲板的垫板上，该垫板焊接在运输船甲板上，同时系固钢丝绳与甲板的夹角为45°-60°。
进一步的，步骤b中，在吊点的位置处套装吊带，在吊装钢丝绳与钢管桩靠近吊装钢丝绳的一端用一系固钢丝绳进行固定，该系固钢丝绳的一端与吊装钢丝绳连接，另一端与钢管桩的一端连接。
进一步的，步骤e中，在靠近运输船船首的运输支架上铺设棉被。
本发明的有益效果如下：
1、本发明工艺步骤平稳有序，吊装稳固，绑扎牢固，通过两吊点的选取以及确定合钩器的位置，保证两吊装钢丝绳之间的夹角不能超过45°，减少吊装钢丝绳之间的张力，避免吊装钢丝绳出现断裂，同时也防止吊装钢丝绳向钢管桩的中部滑移引起一端偏重，保证吊装安全；计算运输支架的个数以及单个运输支架所承载的载荷，保证风电钢管桩在运输过程中不会对运输船产生破坏；绑扎钢管桩牢固稳定，避免运输船在运输过程中出现晃动的现象，保证运输安全；可实现多套钢管桩的吊装运输，无需多次往返运输，大大提高了工作效率。
2、在吊点的位置处套装吊带，防止钢管桩在吊装过程中发生钢管桩表面油漆的破坏，保证钢管桩的表面质量；在吊装钢丝绳与钢管桩靠近吊装钢丝绳的一端用一系固钢丝绳进行固定，该系固钢丝绳的一端与吊装钢丝绳连接，另一端与钢管桩的一端连接，防止吊装钢丝 绳向重心方向发生滑动，导致重量的分布不均匀，保证吊装安全。
3、附属构件通过六根系固钢丝绳与运输船的甲板连接，当运输船横摇和纵摇时，至少有两根系固钢丝绳对附属构件产生有效的拉力，系固钢丝绳的下端与运输船甲板通过吊耳b连接，吊耳b焊接在运输船甲板的垫板上，该垫板焊接在运输船甲板上，垫板的设置防止运输船在摇晃状态下撕裂运输船的甲板。
4、在靠近运输船船首的运输支架上铺设棉被，由于钢管桩的法兰部的直径比桩体部的直径小，铺设棉被保证钢管桩装船平稳，同时对钢管桩法兰部进行保护，防止钢管桩表面油漆的破坏。
5、运输支架两侧分别设置两根的工字钢进行侧向固定，运输船在运输过程中，存在船舶横倾30°的可能性，在运输支架的两侧设置工字钢，能够保证钢管桩绑扎的牢固性。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺的单套钢管桩运输的结构示意图。
图2为本发明一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺的钢管桩的吊装示意图。
图3为本发明一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺的步骤b中吊带与合钩器的连接示意图。
图4为本发明一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺的步骤f中装载钢管桩的甲板驳行进至码头和浮吊之间的示意图。
图5为本发明一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺的步骤d中运输支架 的结构示意图。
图6为本发明一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺的步骤d中运输支架的侧视图。
图7为本发明一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺的步骤g中钢管桩装入运输支架的侧视图。
图8为本发明一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺的步骤i中附属构件的结构示意图。
图9为本发明一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺的步骤i中附属构件的圈梁与U型卡板的结构示意图。
图10为本发明一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺的步骤i中系固钢丝绳与运输船甲板连接的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效。
如图1所示，一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺，风电钢管桩包括桩体部、法兰部以及连接筒体部与法兰部的连接部，法兰部的内圆直径小于筒体部的内圆直径，该钢管桩6的重量为G、桩体部直径为D，桩长为L桩，重心距法兰的距离为L，包括选择浮吊船并计算浮吊船的吊装参数、选择钢管桩的吊点、选择运输船、选择运输支架、安装运输支架、吊装钢管桩、钢管桩装船、绑扎钢管桩、安装附属构件；
具体步骤如下：
a、选择浮吊船1并计算浮吊船1的吊装参数：浮吊船1的理论吨位为T，根据需要起吊的钢管桩6的参数，计算浮吊船1的最大起吊重量Gmax＝T×3/L×75％，计算浮吊船1的最大起吊高度Hmax＝H 1+H 2,其中H 1为浮吊船1吊臂杆滑轮组定滑轮至吊臂下轴的距离，H 2为吊臂下轴至地面的距离；
b、选择钢管桩6的吊点：如图2、图3所示，在钢管桩6上选择一左一右的两个吊点，根据钢管桩6的重心来确定吊点的位置，一左一右两个吊点与钢管桩6重心的距离相等，在钢管桩6上的吊点位置处打上标记，同时确定合钩器4的位置，合钩器4与两吊点处通过吊装钢丝绳5连接，同时保证两吊装钢丝绳5之间的夹角小于等于45°；在吊点的位置处套装吊带3，防止钢管桩6在吊装过程中发生钢管桩6表面油漆的破坏，保证钢管桩6的表面质量；在吊装钢丝绳5与钢管桩6靠近吊装钢丝绳5的一端用一系固钢丝绳8进行固定，该系固钢丝绳8的一端与吊装钢丝绳5连接，另一端与钢管桩6的一端连接，防止吊装钢丝绳5向重心方向发生滑动，导致重量的分布不均匀，保证吊装安全；
c、选择运输船11：运输船11的总长需大于钢管桩6的长度，且长度差在3-10米的范围，最大载货量为1.8G；
d、选择运输支架：如图5、图6所示，运输支架12包括竖直设置的连接部13，连接部13的上端面为圆弧面且沿着该圆弧面设有一与圆弧面方向一致的圆弧板14，圆弧板14所在圆的直径与钢管桩6的直径相同，该圆弧板14的上端面设有一泡沫垫，连接部13的两侧 均设有侧板15以及连接部13的底部设有底板16，圆弧板14、侧板15、底板16的宽度均大于连接部13的厚度，同时侧板15的外侧设有与绑扎钢管桩6的钢丝绳连接的吊耳a17，圆弧板14与底板16之间设有多个竖直设置且位于圆弧板两侧的支撑板18，多个支撑板18呈等间距设置，底板16与运输船11的横舱壁通过螺栓连接；
水平运输的多根钢管桩重量为G，设水平运输的多根钢管桩设置n个运输支架，由于运输船11在航行过程中会存在垂向加速度，该垂向加速度为0.4G，计算每个运输支架所承载的载荷N＝G×(1+0.4)/n，核查运输船11的《船体结构计算》，查出运输船11横舱壁位置的最大载荷，将最大载荷值与每个运输支架12承载的载荷N进行比较，最大载荷大于每个运输支架12所承载的载荷N才能满足装载要求，如果不满足要求，增加运输支架12的数量；
e、安装运输支架12：将n个运输支架12通过焊接方式布置在运输船11的横舱壁上方，每根钢管桩6需要的运输支架12水平等间距排列设置,n个运输支架12根据钢管桩6的数量来决定运输支架12的排数，多排运输支架12之间依次对应设置，运输支架12两侧分别设置两根工字钢19进行侧向固定，运输船11在运输过程中，存在船舶横倾30°的可能性，在运输支架12的两侧设置工字钢19，能够保证钢管桩6绑扎的牢固性，在靠近运输船11船首的运输支架12上铺设棉被，由于钢管桩6的法兰部的直径比桩体部的直径小，铺设棉被保证钢管桩6装船平稳，同时对钢管桩6法兰部进行保护，防止钢管桩6表面油漆的破坏；
f、吊装钢管桩6：如图4所示，浮吊船1将钢管桩6起吊，利用合钩器4，将钢管桩6旋转90°，使钢管桩6与码头10平行，利用系泊缆绳7及自身动力后移50米，将装载钢管桩6的甲板驳9行进到码头10与浮吊船1之间；
g、钢管桩6装船：如图7所示，钢管桩6通过浮吊船1的吊钩2落入一排的运输支架12中，使钢管桩6的法兰部靠近运输船11船首设置，按上述步骤依次水平吊装钢管桩6；
h、绑扎钢管桩6：依次对钢管桩6进行绑扎，斜拉钢丝绳并沿着钢管桩6的外边缘对钢管桩6进行绑扎，钢丝绳的一端与置于船尾的运输支架12的一端连接后斜拉钢丝绳至下一个运输支架12并与该运输支架12的另一端连接，钢丝绳由下至上或者由上至下由船尾向船首的方向依次绑扎钢管桩6，最后再由船首向船尾反方向依次绑扎，使钢丝绳在钢管桩6的表面形成两道对称交叉设置的形状。
i、安装附属构件：
如图8所示，附属构件包括由上至下同轴设置的多个圈梁20、连接多个圈梁20且在圈梁20外圈均匀排布的多个支撑柱21，顶部圈梁20的上方设有操作平台22，并列排列并沿着支撑柱21的轴线竖向设置有扶梯23以及靠船件24，该扶梯23的上端延伸至操作平台22，其下端延伸至位于底部的圈梁20位置，沿支撑柱21竖直设置有电缆管25，该电缆管25下部延伸至底部圈梁20位置为喇叭口结构且开口朝外设置；
如首先，浮吊船1将附属构件起吊，利用合钩器4将附属构件竖 直吊装至运输船甲板上，在钢管桩6与船首之间选取多个放置附属构件的位置，并以选取的位置为中心以附属构件底部圈梁20的半径在甲板上画圆，在该圆周上选取若干个对称设置的点并在该点处放置木垫块26；其次，依次将附属构件吊装至选取位置处并使附属构件的圈梁20在木垫块26的上方；再次，位于木垫块26的位置处且于附属构件底部圈梁20的外圈套装U型卡板27，并将U型卡板27的两端通过焊接固定在运输船11甲板上，在附属构件的上部通过钢丝绳与运输船11甲板连接。
附属构件与运输船甲板的连接关系：如图9、图10所示，附属构件通过六根系固钢丝绳28与运输船11的甲板连接，该系固钢丝绳28的上端a与附属构件的圈梁20连接，上端置于附属构件重心向上2-3米的位置处，系固钢丝绳28的下端b与运输船11甲板通过吊耳b29连接，吊耳b29焊接在运输船甲板的垫板30上，该垫板30焊接在运输船11甲板上，同时系固钢丝绳28与甲板的夹角为45°-60°。
如起吊运输的钢管桩的重量为840吨、桩体部直径为6800毫米，桩长为84米，重心距法兰的距离为41.16米时，运输该风电钢管桩时计算浮吊船1的最大起吊重量Gmax＝T×3/L×75％得出大约1300吨，计算浮吊船1的最大起吊高度Hmax＝H 1+H 2得处71.2米；
步骤b选择钢管桩6的吊点完毕后，分析钢管桩6强度及变形量：绘制钢管桩6的结构应力分布图，计算得出钢管桩6的最大内应力为254N/mm 2，钢管桩6采用的钢材材质为Q345C，屈服强度为355 N/mm 2，分析得出钢管桩6的自身强度能满足吊装要求；绘制钢管桩6吊 装过程的变形云图，钢管桩6在自由端30米的范围内最大垂量为26.8mm，分析得出该变形属于弹性变形范围内，不会出现变形情况；
步骤c选择运输船11的总长需大于钢管桩6的长度为88米，型宽22米，型深6.1米，载货甲板长77.5米，载货甲板有效宽度18米，最大载货量1500吨；
步骤d选择运输支架，钢管桩6的重量为840吨，设置5个运输支架12，由于运输船11在航行过程中会存在垂向加速度，该垂向加速度为0.4G，计算每个运输支架12所承载的载荷N＝G×(1+0.4)/n，得出N＝840×(1+0.4)/5＝235.2吨，核查运输船11的《船体结构计算》，查出运输船11横舱壁位置的最大载荷为346.5吨，将最大载荷值346.5吨与每个运输支架12承载的载荷235.2吨进行比较，满足本次装载要求；
步骤f吊装钢管桩后校核运输支架12在运输过程中的结构强度：绘制运输支架12的应力分布图及变形云图，计算得出运输支架12的最大应力为34.2N/mm 2，远小于材料的屈服强度355N/mm 2的允用应力，因此，运输支架12处于安全状态，进而进入下一步工艺步骤。
上述实施例只是本发明的较佳实施例，并不是对本发明技术方案的限制，只要是不经过创造性劳动即可在上述实施例的基础上实现的技术方案，均应视为落入本发明专利的权利保护范围内。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺，所述风电钢管桩包括桩体部、法兰部以及连接筒体部与法兰部的连接部，所述法兰部的内圆直径小于筒体部的内圆直径，该钢管桩的重量为G、桩体部直径为D，桩长为L 桩，重心距法兰的距离为L，其特征在于：包括选择浮吊船并计算浮吊船的吊装参数、选择钢管桩的吊点、选择运输船、选择运输支架、安装运输支架、吊装钢管桩、钢管桩装船、绑扎钢管桩、安装附属构件；
    具体步骤如下：
    a、选择浮吊船并计算浮吊船的吊装参数：浮吊船的理论吨位为T，根据需要起吊的钢管桩的参数，计算浮吊船的最大起吊重量Gmax＝T×3/L×75％，计算浮吊船的最大起吊高度Hmax＝H 1+H 2,其中H 1为浮吊船吊臂杆滑轮组定滑轮至吊臂下轴的距离，H 2为吊臂下轴至地面的距离；
    b、选择钢管桩的吊点：在钢管桩上选择一左一右的两个吊点，根据钢管桩的重心来确定吊点的位置，一左一右两个吊点与钢管桩重心的距离相等，在钢管桩上的吊点位置处打上标记，同时确定合钩器的位置，合钩器与两吊点处通过吊装钢丝绳连接，同时保证两吊装钢丝绳之间的夹角小于等于45°；
    c、选择运输船：运输船的总长需大于钢管桩的长度，且长度差在3-10米的范围，最大载货量为1.8G；
    d、选择运输支架：水平运输的多根钢管桩重量为G，水平运输 的多根钢管桩设置n个运输支架，由于运输船在航行过程中会存在垂向加速度，该垂向加速度为0.4G，计算每个运输支架所承载的载荷N＝G×(1+0.4)/n，核查运输船的《船体结构计算》，查出运输船横舱壁位置的最大载荷，将最大载荷值与每个运输支架承载的载荷N进行比较，最大载荷大于每个运输支架所承载的载荷N才能满足装载要求，如果不满足要求，增加运输支架的数量；
    e、安装运输支架：将n个运输支架通过焊接方式布置在运输船的横舱壁上方，每根钢管桩需要的运输支架水平等间距排列设置,n个运输支架根据钢管桩的数量来决定运输支架的排数，多排运输支架之间依次对应设置，运输支架两侧分别设置两根工字钢进行侧向固定；
    f、吊装钢管桩：浮吊船将钢管桩起吊，利用合钩器，将钢管桩旋转90°，使钢管桩与码头平行，利用系泊缆绳及自身动力后移50米，将装载钢管桩的甲板驳行进到码头与浮吊船之间；
    g、钢管桩装船：钢管桩通过浮吊船的吊钩落入一排的运输支架中，使钢管桩的法兰部靠近运输船船首设置，按上述步骤依次水平吊装钢管桩；
    h、绑扎钢管桩：依次对钢管桩进行绑扎，斜拉钢丝绳并沿着钢管桩的外边缘对钢管桩进行绑扎，钢丝绳的一端与置于船尾的运输支架的一端连接后斜拉钢丝绳至下一个运输支架并与该运输支架的另一端连接，钢丝绳由下至上或者由上至下由船尾向船首的方向依次绑扎钢管桩，最后再由船首向船尾反方向依次绑扎，使钢丝绳在钢管桩 的表面形成两道对称交叉设置的形状；
    i、安装附属构件：首先，浮吊船将附属构件起吊，利用合钩器将附属构件竖直吊装至运输船甲板上，在钢管桩与船首之间选取多个放置附属构件的位置，并以选取的位置为中心以附属构件底部圈梁的半径在甲板上画圆，在该圆周上选取若干个对称设置的点并在该点处放置木垫块；其次，依次将附属构件吊装至选取位置处并使附属构件的圈梁在木垫块的上方；再次，位于木垫块的位置处且于附属构件底部圈梁的外圈套装U型卡板，并将U型卡板的两端通过焊接固定在运输船甲板上，在附属构件的上部通过系固钢丝绳与运输船甲板连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺，其特征在于：所述运输支架包括竖直设置的连接部，所述连接部的上端面为圆弧面且沿着该圆弧面设有一与圆弧面方向一致的圆弧板，圆弧板所在圆的直径与钢管桩的直径相同，该圆弧板的上端面设有一泡沫垫，所述连接部的两侧均设有侧板以及连接部的底部设有底板，所述圆弧板、侧板、底板的宽度均大于连接部的厚度，同时侧板的外侧设有与绑扎钢管桩的钢丝绳连接的吊耳a，所述圆弧板与底板之间设有多个竖直设置且位于圆弧板两侧的支撑板，多个支撑板呈等间距设置，所述底板与运输船的横舱壁通过螺栓连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤i中，所述附属构件包括由上至下同轴设置的多个圈梁、连接多个圈梁且在圈梁外圈均匀排布的多个支撑柱，所述顶部圈梁的上方设有操作平台，并列排列并沿着支撑柱的轴线竖向设置有扶 梯以及靠船件，该扶梯的上端延伸至操作平台，其下端延伸至位于底部的圈梁位置，沿所述支撑柱竖直设置有电缆管，该电缆管下部延伸至底部圈梁位置为喇叭口结构且开口朝外设置；
    所述附属构件通过六根系固钢丝绳与运输船的甲板连接，该系固钢丝绳的上端与附属构件的圈梁连接，上端置于附属构件重心向上2-3米的位置处，系固钢丝绳的下端与运输船甲板通过吊耳b连接，所述吊耳b焊接在运输船甲板的垫板上，该垫板焊接在运输船甲板上，同时系固钢丝绳与甲板的夹角为45°-60°。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤b中，在所述吊点的位置处套装吊带，在吊装钢丝绳与钢管桩靠近吊装钢丝绳的一端用一系固钢丝绳进行固定，该系固钢丝绳的一端与吊装钢丝绳连接，另一端与钢管桩的一端连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述一种风电钢管桩吊装运输工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤e中，在靠近运输船船首的运输支架上铺设棉被。
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