WO2018096769A1 - チタンめっき液の製造方法及びチタンめっき製品の製造方法 - Google Patents
チタンめっき液の製造方法及びチタンめっき製品の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018096769A1 WO2018096769A1 PCT/JP2017/032796 JP2017032796W WO2018096769A1 WO 2018096769 A1 WO2018096769 A1 WO 2018096769A1 JP 2017032796 W JP2017032796 W JP 2017032796W WO 2018096769 A1 WO2018096769 A1 WO 2018096769A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/12—Process control or regulation
- C25D21/14—Controlled addition of electrolyte components
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/66—Electroplating: Baths therefor from melts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/12—Process control or regulation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a titanium plating solution and a method for producing a titanium plated product.
- Titanium is a metal having excellent characteristics of corrosion resistance, heat resistance and specific strength.
- titanium is expensive to produce and is difficult to smelt and process, which hinders widespread use.
- a dry film forming method using CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition), etc. is partially industrialized.
- CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
- PVD Physical Vapor Deposition
- the dry film forming method cannot form a film on a substrate having a complicated shape.
- a method of electrodepositing titanium in a molten salt can be considered.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-193899
- an alloy film of Fe and Ti is formed on the surface of the Fe wire using a molten salt bath in which K 2 TiF 6 or TiO 2 is added to KF-KCl. It is described.
- a titanium plating solution containing fluorine and titanium is measured by cyclic voltammetry under the following conditions, and the difference between the natural potential and the Ti 3+ / Ti 4+ reaction potential is A method for producing a titanium plating solution, in which titanium is added to the titanium plating solution so as to be 0.75 V or higher. ⁇ Conditions> When the temperature of the titanium plating solution is 650 ° C. or higher and 850 ° C.
- glassy carbon is used for the working electrode
- platinum is used for the pseudo reference electrode
- titanium is used for the counter electrode
- the immersion potential of the working electrode is set as the lower limit potential
- 2 V The potential scan is repeated at least 5 times at a scanning speed of 1 mV / second or more and 500 mV / second or less with respect to the working electrode between the upper limit potential which is a noble potential of 4 V or less.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an image of a result obtained by measuring a titanium plating solution by cyclic voltammetry.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of a state in which areas A to E are defined on the titanium plating product in the method of measuring the average thickness of the titanium plating film in the titanium plating product.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a visual field (i) when the area A of the titanium plated product shown in FIG. 2 is observed with a scanning electron microscope.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the field of view (ii) when the area A of the titanium plated product shown in FIG. 2 is observed with a scanning electron microscope.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an image of a result obtained by measuring a titanium plating solution by cyclic voltammetry.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of a state in which areas A to E are defined on the titanium plating product in the method of measuring the average thickness of the titanium plat
- FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a visual field (iii) when the area A of the titanium plated product shown in FIG. 2 is observed with a scanning electron microscope.
- 6 shows the titanium plating solution No. 1 prepared in Example 4. It is a figure showing the result of having measured 4 by cyclic voltammetry.
- 7 shows the titanium plating solution No. 1 prepared in Comparative Example 1. It is a figure showing the result of having measured A by cyclic voltammetry.
- Patent Document 1 can deposit an alloy film of Fe and Ti on the surface of the cathode used for molten salt electrolysis, but deposit a metal titanium film. I could't. That is, while the alloy film of Fe and Ti is stable in the molten salt bath, the metal Ti has been dissolved into the molten salt bath by the leveling reaction.
- KF titanium plating solution consisting of a molten salt containing KCl and K 2 TiF 6, Ti 3+ by disproportionation reactions Ti 4+ is represented by the following formula (A) It has been found that it is effective to carry out molten salt electrolysis after supplying an amount of titanium exceeding the minimum amount necessary for achieving the above.
- the above method alone cannot confirm whether the leveling reaction has sufficiently progressed, so it is necessary to take more time than necessary until the molten salt electrolysis is performed after supplying titanium to the titanium plating solution. was there.
- oxygen is mixed into the titanium plating solution from an external environment for some reason, titanium ions are oxidized from trivalent to tetravalent, so whether or not trivalent titanium ions are sufficiently present in the titanium plating solution. Will not be understood.
- the present invention aims to provide a method for producing a titanium plating solution having a sufficiently high concentration of Ti 3+ by monitoring the concentration ratio of Ti 3+ and Ti 4+ in the titanium plating solution.
- concentration ratio of Ti3 + and Ti4 + in a titanium plating solution can be monitored, and the method of manufacturing a titanium plating solution with the sufficiently high density
- a method for producing a titanium plating solution according to one aspect of the present invention is a method in which a titanium plating solution containing fluorine and titanium is measured by cyclic voltammetry under the following conditions, and a natural potential, Ti 3+ / Ti 4+ reaction potential, This is a method for producing a titanium plating solution, in which titanium is added to the titanium plating solution so that the difference between the two becomes 0.75 V or more.
- a temperature of the titanium plating solution is 650 ° C. or higher and 850 ° C.
- glassy carbon is used for the working electrode
- platinum is used for the pseudo reference electrode
- titanium is used for the counter electrode
- the immersion potential of the working electrode is set as the lower limit potential
- 2 V The potential scan is repeated at least 5 times at a scanning speed of 1 mV / second or more and 500 mV / second or less with respect to the working electrode between the upper limit potential which is a noble potential of 4 V or less.
- the titanium plating solution is obtained by dissolving titanium in a molten salt of potassium fluoride and potassium chloride.
- the titanium plating solution is obtained by dissolving K 2 TiF 6 in a molten salt of potassium fluoride and potassium chloride. It is preferable.
- the content of the K 2 TiF 6 in the titanium plating solution is preferably 0.1 mol% or more.
- the mixing ratio of the potassium fluoride and the potassium chloride is 10:90 to 90: 10 is preferable.
- the titanium added to the titanium plating solution is preferably sponge titanium.
- Sponge titanium refers to porous titanium metal having a porosity of 1% or more.
- the porosity (%) of titanium sponge is calculated by 100 ⁇ (volume calculated from mass) / (apparent volume) ⁇ 100.
- a cathode and an anode are provided in a titanium plating solution containing fluorine and titanium, and molten salt electrolysis is performed.
- the method for producing a titanium-plated product according to (7) described above includes measuring the titanium plating solution used in the electrolysis step by cyclic voltammetry under the following conditions, and calculating a natural potential and a Ti 3+ / Ti 4+ reaction potential. It is preferable to control so that the difference from the above becomes 0.75 V or more.
- the temperature of the titanium plating solution is 650 ° C. or higher and 850 ° C.
- glassy carbon is used for the working electrode
- platinum is used for the pseudo reference electrode
- titanium is used for the counter electrode
- the immersion potential of the working electrode is set as the lower limit potential
- 2 V The potential scan is repeated at least 5 times at a scanning speed of 1 mV / second or more and 500 mV / second or less with respect to the working electrode between the upper limit potential which is a noble potential of 4 V or less.
- a method for producing a titanium plated product capable of continuously and stably producing a titanium plated product having a smooth titanium plated film on the surface. be able to.
- ⁇ Production method of titanium plating solution> In the method for producing a titanium plating solution according to the embodiment of the present invention, first, a titanium plating solution containing fluorine and titanium is prepared. Then, the titanium plating solution is measured by cyclic voltammetry (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “CV”), and the difference between the natural potential and the Ti 3+ / Ti 4+ reaction potential is 0.75 V or more. Titanium may be added and dissolved in the titanium plating solution.
- CV cyclic voltammetry
- CV may be measured in a non-oxidizing atmosphere that does not form a compound with titanium.
- it may be performed in an inert gas atmosphere such as argon gas.
- the CV measurement may be performed at a temperature of 650 ° C. or higher and 850 ° C. or lower and a voltage scanning speed of 1 mV / second or higher and 500 mV / second or lower so that the titanium plating solution can be maintained in a liquid state.
- the temperature of the titanium plating solution is more preferably 650 ° C. or more and 800 ° C. or less, and further preferably 650 ° C. or more and 750 ° C. or less, from the viewpoint of suppressing the decrease in the conductivity of the titanium plating solution.
- the scanning speed of the potential scan is more preferably 50 mV / second or more and 300 mV / second or less, and more preferably 100 mV / second or more and 200 mV / second or less, from the viewpoint of shortening the measurement time or increasing the measurement accuracy. preferable.
- the working electrode for example, graphite, glassy carbon or the like can be used.
- platinum or Ni can be used for the reference electrode.
- titanium, glassy carbon, graphite or the like can be used for the counter electrode.
- the immersion potential of the working electrode is set as the lower limit potential, and then the potential scan is repeated at least five times with the upper limit potential being a noble potential of 2 V or more and 4 V or less.
- FIG. 1 shows an image diagram of the result of CV measurement of the titanium plating solution.
- the vertical axis represents the current value (mA)
- the horizontal axis represents the potential (V) of the reference electrode.
- the natural potential 1 is the voltage difference between the working electrode and the reference electrode when no current is flowing.
- Ti 3+ / Ti 4+ reaction potential 4 is a peak potential 2 due to oxidation of Ti 3+ to Ti 4+ and a peak potential 3 due to reduction of Ti 4+ to Ti 3+.
- the peak potential 2 resulting from the oxidation of Ti 3+ to Ti 4+ refers to an average value measured by repeating potential scanning at least five times with respect to the working electrode.
- the peak potential 3 resulting from the reduction of Ti 4+ to Ti 3+ refers to an average value measured by repeating potential scanning at least 5 times with respect to the working electrode.
- the concentration of Ti 3+ in the titanium plating solution very much as compared to the concentration of Ti 4+ Yes. Therefore, by performing molten salt electrolysis using a titanium plating solution in which the difference between the natural potential 1 and Ti 3+ / Ti 4+ reaction potential 4 is 0.75 V or more, the surface of the cathode is silver white and highly smooth titanium. A plating film can be formed.
- a titanium plating film may be formed on the cathode surface.
- the difference between the natural potential 1 and Ti 3+ / Ti 4+ reaction potential 4 is more preferably 1.0 V or more, and even more preferably 1.1 V or more. .
- the concentration of Ti 3+ and the concentration of Ti 4+ in the titanium plating solution can be obtained using the Nernst equation expressed by the following equation (B). The ratio can be calculated.
- E E 0 ⁇ (RT / zF) ln (a Ti3 + / a Ti4 + )
- E Electrode potential
- E 0 Standard electrode potential
- R Gas constant
- T Absolute temperature
- F Faraday constant
- a Activity.
- the electrode potential E in the equation (B) is a reaction in which Ti 3+ is oxidized to Ti 4+ and Ti 4+ is reduced. It is assumed that the reaction to become Ti 3+ has a dominant influence.
- the ratio of activity of the Ti 4+ active amount of Ti 3+ (Ti 3+ activity / Ti 4+ activity) is the same as the ratio of the density of the density and Ti 4+ of Ti 3+ (Ti 3+ concentration / Ti 4+ concentration) Assume that there is.
- the titanium plating solution before measurement by CV may be a molten salt containing fluorine and titanium.
- molten salt or dissolving the K 2 TiF 6 to KF-KCl molten salt and dissolving the K 2 TiF 6 to LiF-KCl, the molten salt was dissolved K 2 TiF 6 to NaF-KCl etc. Can be used.
- the titanium compound dissolved in the molten salt is not limited to K 2 TiF 6 but may be TiCl 4 or the like. Among these, it is preferable to use a molten salt in which K 2 TiF 6 is dissolved in KF—KCl.
- the molten salt obtained by dissolving K 2 TiF 6 in KF-KCl is a titanium plating solution that can obtain a smooth titanium plating film.
- the mixing ratio of KF and KCl is preferably 10:90 to 90:10 in molar ratio.
- the content ratio of KF in KF-KCl is 10 mol% or more, a smooth titanium plating film can be electrodeposited on the surface of the cathode.
- the content ratio of KF in KF-KCl is 90 mol% or less, the melting point can be lowered as compared with the molten salt of KF alone.
- the mixing ratio of KF and KCl is more preferably 20:80 to 80:20, and further preferably 40:60 to 60:40 in terms of molar ratio.
- titanium plating solution comprising the above molten salt
- the difference between the natural potential 1 and Ti 3+ / Ti 4+ reaction potential 4 is less than 0.75 V
- titanium is added to the titanium plating solution.
- the difference between the natural potential 1 and Ti 3+ / Ti 4 + reaction potential 4 may be 0.75 V or more.
- the shape of titanium added to the titanium plating solution is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use titanium sponge or titanium powder as fine as possible.
- the higher the porosity of titanium sponge the greater the specific surface area, so that it becomes easier to dissolve in the molten salt bath.
- sponge titanium having a porosity of 20% or more it is more preferable to use sponge titanium having a porosity of 20% or more, and it is further preferable to use sponge titanium having a porosity of 40% or more.
- sponge titanium having a high porosity it is possible to facilitate the leveling reaction in the titanium plating solution.
- a titanium plating product having a smooth titanium plating film with a small film thickness distribution on the surface is manufactured. be able to.
- the manufacturing method of the titanium plating product according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a cathode and an anode provided in the titanium plating solution obtained by the above-described manufacturing method of the titanium plating solution according to the embodiment of the present invention. Performing an electrolysis step of depositing titanium on the surface of the cathode.
- a titanium plating film is formed on the surface of the cathode.
- a material having a use for forming a titanium plating film on the surface may be used as the cathode.
- a metal, an electroconductive sintered compact, etc. are mentioned. Specifically, nickel, iron, SUS304, molybdenum, tungsten, copper, carbon, or the like can be preferably used.
- the base material used as the cathode may be at least surface conductive.
- a material alloyed with titanium as a cathode, a titanium alloy layer can be formed on the cathode side of the titanium plating film.
- a material that is not alloyed with titanium in the titanium plating solution may be used as the cathode.
- the anode is not particularly limited as long as it is a conductive material.
- glassy carbon, titanium, or the like can be used. From the viewpoint of stably and continuously producing a titanium plating film, it is preferable to use titanium for the anode.
- the atmosphere in which the molten salt electrolysis is performed may be a non-oxidizing atmosphere or a vacuum that does not form a compound with titanium.
- molten salt electrolysis may be carried out in a glove box filled with an inert gas such as argon gas or circulated.
- the current density which performs molten salt electrolysis is not specifically limited, For example, what is necessary is just to be 10 mA / cm ⁇ 2 > or more and 500 mA / cm ⁇ 2 > or less.
- a titanium plating film can be stably formed on the surface of the cathode.
- the diffusion of titanium ions in the titanium plating solution is not rate-limiting, and the formed titanium plating film can be prevented from being blackened.
- the temperature of the titanium plating solution is preferably 650 ° C. or higher and 850 ° C. or lower.
- the temperature of the titanium plating solution is more preferably 650 ° C. or more and 750 ° C. or less, and further preferably 650 ° C. or more and 700 ° C. or less.
- the time for performing the molten salt electrolysis is not particularly limited, and may be a time for sufficiently forming the target titanium plating film on the surface of the cathode.
- titanium ions are oxidized from trivalent to tetravalent, making it impossible to form a smooth titanium plating film. End up. Further, when an electrode other than a titanium electrode is used for the anode, the concentration of titanium ions in the titanium plating solution changes as needed.
- the cathode plating solution can be controlled so that the difference between the natural potential and the Ti 3+ / Ti 4+ reaction potential is 0.75 V or more by measuring CV of the titanium plating solution regularly or irregularly.
- a smooth and continuously smooth titanium plating film can be formed on the surface.
- the CV measurement conditions are the same as the CV measurement conditions in the titanium plating solution manufacturing method according to the above-described embodiment of the present invention. Further, when the difference between the natural potential and the Ti 3+ / Ti 4+ reaction potential is less than 0.75 V when the titanium plating solution is measured by CV, for example, sponge titanium or the like is used until titanium reaches 0.75 V or more. What is necessary is just to add and dissolve in a plating solution.
- a smooth titanium plating film with a small film thickness distribution means that the maximum and minimum thicknesses of the titanium plating film measured at any five locations on the titanium plating product are all within ⁇ 50% of the average film thickness of the titanium plating film. It means that there is.
- the average thickness of the titanium plating film shall mean that measured as follows. An outline of the method for measuring the average film thickness is shown in FIG.
- titanium plating products having a titanium plating film on the surface are arbitrarily divided into areas, and five locations (area A to area E) are selected as measurement locations. And the cross section of the titanium plating film in each area is observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The magnification of SEM is set so that the whole thickness direction of the titanium plating film can be confirmed and the thickness direction can be seen as large as possible within one field of view. Then, the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of the titanium plating film are measured at three locations in each area while changing the field of view, and the average is referred to as the average thickness of the titanium plating film.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a titanium-plated product 21 having a titanium plating film on the surface of a substantially square base material, with the four corners being area A to area D and the center being area E.
- FIG. 3 shows a conceptual diagram of the visual field (i) when the area A of the titanium plated product 21 shown in FIG. 2 is observed by SEM.
- FIG. 4 shows a conceptual diagram of the visual field (ii) of the area A
- FIG. 5 shows a conceptual diagram of the visual field (iii) of the area A.
- the thickness of the titanium plating film 23 refers to the length of the titanium plating film 23 extending in the vertical direction from the base material 22.
- the thickness of the titanium plating film 23 is the titanium extending from the base material 22 in the vertical direction.
- the total length of the alloy layer and the titanium plating film shall be said.
- the average of the maximum thickness A (i) to maximum thickness E (iii) and the minimum thickness a (i) to minimum thickness e (iii) of the titanium plating film measured as described above is the average film thickness of the titanium plating film. That's it.
- Example 1 Manufacture of titanium plating solution- KCl, KF and K 2 TiF 6 were mixed and heated to 650 ° C. so that the mixing ratio of KCl and KF was 55:45 in terms of molar ratio and the concentration of K 2 TiF 6 was 0.1 mol%, and titanium plating was performed. A liquid was prepared.
- sponge titanium was added per 1 g of the titanium plating solution and dissolved sufficiently.
- the sponge titanium one having a porosity of 50% was used.
- titanium plating solution No This titanium plating solution was designated as titanium plating solution No. It was set to 1.
- Titanium plating solution No. 1 was provided with a cathode and an anode, and molten salt electrolysis was performed for 40 minutes.
- Molten salt electrolysis was performed in a glove box with an argon flow atmosphere.
- a 0.5 cm ⁇ 2.5 cm ⁇ 0.1 mm Ni plate was used as the cathode, and a titanium rod was used as the anode.
- a platinum wire was used as the pseudo reference electrode.
- the current density was set to 25 mA / cm 2 .
- the potential of the pseudo reference electrode was calibrated with the potential of metal potassium electrochemically deposited on the platinum wire (K + / K potential).
- titanium was electrodeposited on the surface of the Ni plate of the cathode, and a titanium plated product having a titanium plating film on the surface could be obtained.
- the titanium plating product was washed with water after the molten salt electrolysis process.
- the salt adhering to the surface of the titanium plating product was excellent in solubility in water and could be easily removed.
- the titanium plating product No. having a titanium plating film on the surface was obtained. 1 was obtained.
- Example 2 Manufacture of titanium plating solution-
- the amount of sponge titanium added to the titanium plating solution after CV measurement was 0.5 mg per 1 g of the titanium plating solution, in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the titanium plating solution No. 2 was produced.
- Titanium plating solution No. after addition of sponge titanium 2 was subjected to CV measurement under the same conditions as in Example 1. As a result, the difference between the natural potential and the Ti 3+ / Ti 4+ reaction potential was 0.85V.
- Example 1 Manufacture of titanium plating products-
- the titanium plating solution No. 1 in place of titanium plating solution No. Titanium plated product No. 2 was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using No. 2. 2 was obtained.
- Example 3 Manufacture of titanium plating solution-
- the amount of sponge titanium added to the titanium plating solution after CV measurement was 1 mg per 1 g of the titanium plating solution. 3 was produced.
- Titanium plating solution No. after addition of sponge titanium 3 was subjected to CV measurement under the same conditions as in Example 1. As a result, the difference between the natural potential and the Ti 3+ / Ti 4+ reaction potential was 1.00V.
- Example 1 Manufacture of titanium plating products-
- the titanium plating solution No. 1 in place of titanium plating solution No. No. 3 was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the titanium plated product No. 3 was obtained.
- Example 4 Manufacture of titanium plating solution-
- the amount of sponge titanium added to the titanium plating solution was 1.2 mg per 1 g of the titanium plating solution. 4 was produced. Titanium plating solution No. after addition of sponge titanium 4 was subjected to CV measurement under the same conditions as in Example 1. As a result, the difference between the natural potential and the Ti 3+ / Ti 4+ reaction potential was 1.10V.
- FIG. 4 represents the result of CV measurement (result of the fifth potential scan).
- the vertical axis represents the current value (mA), and the horizontal axis represents the potential (V) of the reference electrode.
- Example 1 Manufacture of titanium plating products-
- Example 1 (Comparative Example 1) -Manufacture of titanium plating solution-
- titanium plating solution No. was similar to Example 1 except that sponge titanium was not added to the titanium plating solution.
- A was produced. Titanium plating solution No.
- FIG. A represents the result of CV measurement (result of the fifth potential scan).
- the vertical axis represents the current value (mA)
- the horizontal axis represents the potential (V) of the reference electrode.
- Example 1 Manufacture of titanium plating products-
- the titanium plating solution No. 1 in place of titanium plating solution No. Except that A was used, the titanium plated product No. A was obtained.
- Example 2 (Comparative Example 2) -Manufacture of titanium plating solution-
- the amount of sponge titanium added to the titanium plating solution after CV measurement was 0.2 mg per 1 g of the titanium plating solution, in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the titanium plating solution No. B was produced.
- Titanium plating solution No. after addition of sponge titanium As a result of CV measurement of B under the same conditions as in Example 1, the difference between the natural potential and the Ti 3+ / Ti 4+ reaction potential was 0.70V.
- Example 1 Manufacture of titanium plating products-
- the titanium plating solution No. 1 in place of titanium plating solution No. Except that B was used, the titanium plating product No. B was obtained.
- Titanium plating solutions No. 1 to Example 4, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 obtained in Examples 1 and 2 were used. 1-No. 4. Titanium plating solution No. A, No. The ratio of the concentration of Ti 3+ to the concentration of Ti 4+ in B (Ti 3+ concentration / Ti 4+ concentration) was calculated based on the Nernst equation. The results are shown in Table 1.
- titanium plating product Nos. Obtained by Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were used. 1-No. 4. Titanium plating product No. A, No. The surface state of the titanium plating film of B was visually observed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the surface of the titanium plating film had a silver foil color and a smooth titanium plating product No. 1-No. 4 could be obtained.
- the titanium plating solution No. 1 in which the difference between the natural potential and the Ti 3+ / Ti 4+ reaction potential is 1.00 V or more. 3, no. When 4 was used, the current efficiency of the cathode could be increased to 90% or more.
- A, No. When molten salt electrolysis was performed using B, a titanium plating film could not be successfully formed on the cathode surface, and a black film was electrodeposited.
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Abstract
Description
<条件>
チタンめっき液の温度を650℃以上、850℃以下とし、作用極にグラッシーカーボン、擬似参照極に白金、対極にチタンを使用した際の、作用極の浸漬電位を下限電位とし、そこからさらに2V以上、4V以下の貴な電位である上限電位との間で、作用極に対して電位走査を1mV/秒以上、500mV/秒以下のスキャン速度で、少なくとも5回繰り返す。
本発明者等が検討した結果、特許文献1に記載の方法では、溶融塩電解に用いたカソードの表面にFeとTiの合金膜を電析させることはできるが、金属チタン膜を電析させることはできなかった。すなわち、FeとTiの合金膜は溶融塩浴中で安定であるのに対し、金属Tiは均化反応によって溶融塩浴中に溶け出してしまっていた。
式(A) 3Ti4+ + Ti金属 → 4Ti3+。
上記発明によれば、チタンめっき液中のTi3+とTi4+の濃度比をモニタリングし、Ti3+の濃度が十分に高いチタンめっき液を製造する方法を提供することができる。
最初に本発明の実施態様を列記して説明する。
<条件>
チタンめっき液の温度を650℃以上、850℃以下とし、作用極にグラッシーカーボン、擬似参照極に白金、対極にチタンを使用した際の、作用極の浸漬電位を下限電位とし、そこからさらに2V以上、4V以下の貴な電位である上限電位との間で、作用極に対して電位走査を1mV/秒以上、500mV/秒以下のスキャン速度で、少なくとも5回繰り返す。
<条件>
チタンめっき液の温度を650℃以上、850℃以下とし、作用極にグラッシーカーボン、擬似参照極に白金、対極にチタンを使用した際の、作用極の浸漬電位を下限電位とし、そこからさらに2V以上、4V以下の貴な電位である上限電位との間で、作用極に対して電位走査を1mV/秒以上、500mV/秒以下のスキャン速度で、少なくとも5回繰り返す。
本発明の実施態様に係るチタンめっき液の製造方法及びチタンめっき製品の製造方法の具体例を、以下に、より詳細に説明する。なお、本発明はこれらの例示に限定されるものではなく、請求の範囲によって示され、請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。
本発明の実施形態に係るチタンめっき液の製造方法においては、まず、フッ素及びチタンを含むチタンめっき液を用意する。そして、チタンめっき液をサイクリックボルタンメトリー(以下では「CV」と略記することもある)によって測定し、自然電位と、Ti3+/Ti4+反応電位との差が0.75V以上となるように、上記チタンめっき液にチタンを添加して溶解させればよい。
参照極には、例えば、白金、Ni等を用いることができる。
E :電極電位
E0:標準電極電位
R :気体定数
T :絶対温度
z :移動電子数
F :ファラデー定数
a :活量。
本発明の実施形態に係るチタンめっき製品の製造方法は、上述の本発明の実施形態に係るチタンめっき液の製造方法によって得られたチタンめっき液中に、カソードとアノードを設けて溶融塩電解を行ない、上記カソードの表面にチタンを電析させる電解工程を有する。
電解工程においてはカソードの表面にチタンめっき膜が形成される。このためカソードとしては、表面にチタンめっき膜を形成する用途のある材料を用いればよい。例えば、金属や、導電性の焼結体などが挙げられる。具体的には、ニッケルや、鉄、SUS304、モリブデン、タングステン、銅、カーボンなどを好ましく用いることができる。
アノードは導電性の材料であれば特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、グラッシーカーボン、チタン等を用いることができる。チタンめっき膜を安定的に連続的に製造する観点からは、チタンをアノードに用いることが好ましい。
溶融塩電解を行なう雰囲気はチタンとの化合物を形成しない非酸化性雰囲気もしくは真空とすればよい。例えば、グローブボックス内にアルゴンガス等の不活性ガスを満たす、あるいは循環させた状態で溶融塩電解を行なえばよい。
電解工程においては、定期的又は不定期にチタンめっき液をサイクリックボルタンメトリーによって測定し、自然電位とTi3+/Ti4+反応電位との差が0.75V以上となるように制御することが好ましい。
-チタンめっき液の製造-
KClとKFの混合比率がモル比で55:45となり、K2TiF6の濃度が0.1mol%となるようにKCl、KF及びK2TiF6を混合して650℃に加熱し、チタンめっき液を作製した。
チタンめっき液No.1にカソードとアノードを設けて、40分間、溶融塩電解を行った。
-チタンめっき液の製造-
実施例1において、CV測定後にチタンめっき液に添加するスポンジチタンの量を、チタンめっき液1gあたりに対し0.5mgとした以外は実施例1と同様にしてチタンめっき液No.2を作製した。スポンジチタンを添加した後のチタンめっき液No.2を実施例1と同条件にてCV測定した結果、自然電位とTi3+/Ti4+反応電位との差は0.85Vであった。
実施例1において、チタンめっき液No.1に替えてチタンめっき液No.2を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてチタンめっき製品No.2を得た。
-チタンめっき液の製造-
実施例1において、CV測定後にチタンめっき液に添加するスポンジチタンの量を、チタンめっき液1gあたりに対し1mgとした以外は実施例1と同様にしてチタンめっき液No.3を作製した。スポンジチタンを添加した後のチタンめっき液No.3を実施例1と同条件にてCV測定した結果、自然電位とTi3+/Ti4+反応電位との差は1.00Vであった。
実施例1において、チタンめっき液No.1に替えてチタンめっき液No.3を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてチタンめっき製品No.3を得た。
-チタンめっき液の製造-
実施例1において、CV測定後にチタンめっき液に添加するスポンジチタンの量を、チタンめっき液1gあたりに対し1.2mgとした以外は実施例1と同様にしてチタンめっき液No.4を作製した。スポンジチタンを添加した後のチタンめっき液No.4を実施例1と同条件にてCV測定した結果、自然電位とTi3+/Ti4+反応電位との差は1.10Vであった。
実施例1において、チタンめっき液No.1に替えてチタンめっき液No.4を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてチタンめっき製品No.4を得た。
-チタンめっき液の製造-
実施例1において、CV測定後にチタンめっき液にスポンジチタンを添加しなかった以外は実施例1と同様にしてチタンめっき液No.Aを作製した。チタンめっき液No.Aを実施例1と同条件にてCV測定した結果、自然電位とTi3+/Ti4+反応電位との差は0.67Vであった。図7にチタンめっき液No.AをCV測定した結果(5回目の電位走査の結果)を表す。図7では、縦軸に電流値(mA)を、横軸に参照電極の電位(V)を表す。
実施例1において、チタンめっき液No.1に替えてチタンめっき液No.Aを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてチタンめっき製品No.Aを得た。
-チタンめっき液の製造-
実施例1において、CV測定後にチタンめっき液に添加するスポンジチタンの量を、チタンめっき液1gあたりに対し0.2mgとした以外は実施例1と同様にしてチタンめっき液No.Bを作製した。スポンジチタンを添加した後のチタンめっき液No.Bを実施例1と同条件にてCV測定した結果、自然電位とTi3+/Ti4+反応電位との差は0.70Vであった。
実施例1において、チタンめっき液No.1に替えてチタンめっき液No.Bを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてチタンめっき製品No.Bを得た。
実施例1~実施例4、比較例1、比較例2によって得られたチタンめっき液No.1~No.4、チタンめっき液No.A、No.BにおけるTi3+の濃度とTi4+の濃度の比(Ti3+濃度/Ti4+濃度)をネルンストの式に基づいて計算した。その結果を表1に表す。
式(C) 電流効率(%)=(実際のめっき量)/(理論上のめっき量)×100
Claims (8)
- フッ素及びチタンを含むチタンめっき液を下記の条件でサイクリックボルタンメトリーによって測定し、
自然電位と、Ti3+/Ti4+反応電位との差が0.75V以上となるように、前記チタンめっき液にチタンを添加する、チタンめっき液の製造方法。
<条件>
チタンめっき液の温度を650℃以上、850℃以下とし、作用極にグラッシーカーボン、擬似参照極に白金、対極にチタンを使用した際の、作用極の浸漬電位を下限電位とし、そこからさらに2V以上、4V以下の貴な電位である上限電位との間で、作用極に対して電位走査を1mV/秒以上、500mV/秒以下のスキャン速度で、少なくとも5回繰り返す。 - 前記チタンめっき液は、フッ化カリウムと塩化カリウムとの溶融塩にチタンが溶解したものである、請求項1に記載のチタンめっき液の製造方法。
- 前記チタンめっき液は、フッ化カリウムと塩化カリウムとの溶融塩にK2TiF6が溶解したものである、請求項1又は請求項2に記載のチタンめっき液の製造方法。
- 前記チタンめっき液において前記K2TiF6の含有率は、0.1mol%以上である、請求項3に記載のチタンめっき液の製造方法。
- 前記フッ化カリウムと前記塩化カリウムの混合比率は、モル比で10:90~90:10である、請求項2から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載のチタンめっき液の製造方法。
- 前記チタンめっき液に添加する前記チタンは、スポンジチタンである、請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載のチタンめっき液の製造方法。
- フッ素及びチタンを含むチタンめっき液中にカソードとアノードを設けて溶融塩電解を行なうことにより、前記カソードの表面にチタンを電析させる電解工程を有するチタンめっき製品の製造方法であって、
前記チタンめっき液は、請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載のチタンめっき液の製造方法によって得られたチタンめっき液である、チタンめっき製品の製造方法。 - 前記電解工程において用いる前記チタンめっき液を下記の条件でサイクリックボルタンメトリーによって測定し、自然電位と、Ti3+/Ti4+反応電位との差が0.75V以上となるように制御する、請求項7に記載のチタンめっき製品の製造方法。
<条件>
チタンめっき液の温度を650℃以上、850℃以下とし、作用極にグラッシーカーボン、擬似参照極に白金、対極にチタンを使用した際の、作用極の浸漬電位を下限電位とし、そこからさらに2V以上、4V以下の貴な電位である上限電位との間で、作用極に対して電位走査を1mV/秒以上、500mV/秒以下のスキャン速度で、少なくとも5回繰り返す。
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