WO2018051860A1 - 電界効果トランジスタの製造方法および無線通信装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
電界効果トランジスタの製造方法および無線通信装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H10K10/46—Field-effect transistors, e.g. organic thin-film transistors [OTFT]
- H10K10/462—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs]
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- H10K10/462—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs]
- H10K10/468—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs] characterised by the gate dielectrics
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a field effect transistor and a method for manufacturing a wireless communication device.
- FET field effect transistor
- An RFID tag has an IC chip having a circuit composed of FETs and an antenna for wireless communication with a reader / writer, and the antenna installed in the tag transmits a carrier wave transmitted from the reader / writer.
- the driving circuit in the IC chip is operated.
- RFID tags are expected to be used for various purposes such as logistics management, product management, and shoplifting prevention, and introduction of IC tags such as transportation cards and product tags has started.
- FETs using organic semiconductors or carbon nanotubes with excellent moldability as semiconductor layers have been proposed for circuits in IC chips.
- an organic semiconductor or carbon nanotube as an ink, it becomes possible to form a circuit pattern directly on a flexible substrate by an inkjet technique, a screening technique, or the like. Therefore, in place of conventional inorganic semiconductors, FETs using organic semiconductors or carbon nanotubes have been actively studied (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- a gate electrode is formed on a substrate having an insulating surface, a gate insulating layer covering the gate electrode is formed, and a semiconductor layer is formed on the gate insulating layer by a plasma CVD method or a sputtering method.
- a negative photosensitive conductive film pattern is formed on the semiconductor layer, and a source / drain electrode is formed by laser exposure and development from the back side of the substrate using the gate electrode as a mask.
- the semiconductor layer is formed by a vacuum process, it is difficult to reduce the manufacturing cost.
- a conductive film pattern is directly formed on the semiconductor layer, and exposure / development processing is performed. Therefore, there is a problem that the mobility of the FET deteriorates due to damage to the semiconductor layer.
- Patent Document 3 a gate electrode patterned on a substrate is covered with a gate insulating layer, an organic semiconductor layer and an electrode film are formed on the gate insulating layer, and a resist film is formed on the semiconductor layer and the electrode film. Then, using the gate electrode as a light shielding mask, exposure and development are performed from the back side of the substrate, and the electrode film is etched to form a source / drain.
- the gate electrode as a light shielding mask, exposure and development are performed from the back side of the substrate, and the electrode film is etched to form a source / drain.
- the semiconductor layer, the electrode, and the gate insulating layer are damaged, so that the mobility of the FET is deteriorated and the adhesion between the insulating layer and the electrode film is reduced. There was a problem that would be bad.
- the present invention pays attention to the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to manufacture a FET having a high mobility and a gate electrode and a source / drain electrode aligned with high accuracy by a simple process.
- the present invention comprises the following manufacturing method. That is, the present invention includes a step of forming a gate electrode on a surface of a substrate, a step of forming a gate insulating layer on the gate electrode, and a conductive material containing a conductor and a photosensitive organic component on the gate insulating layer. A step of forming a film by a coating method, a step of exposing the conductive film from the back side of the substrate using the gate electrode as a mask, a step of developing the exposed conductive film to form a source electrode and a drain electrode, And a step of forming a semiconductor layer between the source electrode and the drain electrode by a coating method.
- the present invention also includes a step of forming a source electrode and a drain electrode on a surface of a substrate, a step of forming a semiconductor layer between the source electrode and the drain electrode by a coating method, the source electrode, the drain A step of forming a gate insulating layer on the electrode and the semiconductor layer, a step of forming a conductive film containing a conductor and a photosensitive organic component on the gate insulating layer by a coating method, and from the back side of the substrate A method of manufacturing a field effect transistor, comprising: exposing the conductive film using the source electrode and the drain electrode as a mask; and developing a gate electrode by developing the exposed conductive film.
- the present invention it is possible to manufacture an FET in which a gate electrode and a source / drain electrode are aligned with high accuracy without damage to a semiconductor layer.
- the alignment time for the electrode patterning process can be shortened, and the manufacturing cost can be further reduced.
- Schematic diagram of a wireless communication device formed by a method of manufacturing a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention Schematic diagram of a wireless communication device formed by a method of manufacturing a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention Schematic diagram of a wireless communication device formed by a method of manufacturing a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention
- a first example of a method for manufacturing a field effect transistor (FET) includes the following steps (a) to (f).
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a first example of a method for manufacturing an FET according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a gate electrode 2 is formed on the surface of the substrate 1
- a gate insulating layer 3 is formed so as to cover the gate electrode 2
- a conductor and a conductor are formed on the gate insulating layer 3.
- a conductive film 4 containing a photosensitive organic component is formed by a coating method, (d) the conductive film 4 is exposed from the back side of the substrate 1 using the gate electrode 2 as a mask, and (e) the exposed conductive film 4 is formed.
- Development is performed to form the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6, and (f) a semiconductor layer 7 is formed between the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 by a coating method.
- This method makes it possible to manufacture an FET in which a gate electrode and a source / drain electrode are aligned with high accuracy in a short alignment time. Furthermore, since the semiconductor layer is formed after patterning the source electrode and the drain electrode, the semiconductor layer is not affected by the exposure / development processing at the time of patterning the source electrode and the drain electrode, and the performance degradation of the FET due to patterning can be suppressed.
- a step of forming a wiring for a gate electrode, a wiring for a source electrode and a drain electrode may be further included.
- FIG. 3 shows an example in which wiring is formed on the FET obtained by the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the wiring 8 for the gate electrode 2 is preferably formed simultaneously with the gate electrode 2 from the viewpoint of reducing the number of manufacturing steps.
- the wirings 9 and 10 for the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 are preferably formed simultaneously with the formation of the conductive film 4 by a coating method from the viewpoint of reducing the number of manufacturing steps.
- a second example of a method for manufacturing an FET according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps (A) to (F).
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a second example of the method for manufacturing an FET according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- a source electrode 5 and a drain electrode 6 are formed on the surface of the substrate 1
- a semiconductor layer 7 is formed between the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 by a coating method
- a gate insulating layer 3 is formed on the source electrode 5, the drain electrode 6 and the semiconductor layer 7, and
- a conductive film 4 containing a conductor and a photosensitive organic component is formed on the gate insulating layer 3 by a coating method.
- E) The conductive film 4 is exposed from the back side of the substrate 1 using the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 as a mask, and (F) the exposed conductive film 4 is developed to form the gate electrode 2.
- This method makes it possible to manufacture an FET in which the source / drain electrodes and the gate electrode are aligned with high accuracy in a short alignment time. Furthermore, since the semiconductor layer is formed after patterning the source electrode and the drain electrode, the semiconductor layer is not affected by the process during patterning of the source electrode and the drain electrode, and the performance degradation of the FET due to patterning can be suppressed.
- a step of forming a wiring for a gate electrode, a wiring for a source electrode and a drain electrode may be further included.
- forming a certain layer or film by a coating method means forming the layer or film by a method including a step of applying a liquid or paste-like material as a raw material of the layer or film.
- Examples of the electrode forming method in the steps (a) and (A) include an ink jet method, a printing method, an ion plating coating method, and the like, but a resistance heating vapor deposition method, an electron beam method, a sputtering method, a plating method, a CVD method. Laws are also mentioned. Among these, it is preferable to use a coating method from the viewpoints of manufacturing cost, material use efficiency, compatibility with a large area, and the like.
- Examples include a method of applying a paste on a substrate using a known technique, and drying using an oven, a hot plate, infrared rays, or the like.
- the electrode thin film produced by the above method may be patterned into a desired shape by a known photolithography method or the like, or through a mask having a desired shape at the time of electrode material vapor deposition or sputtering. A pattern may be formed.
- the method for producing the gate insulating layer in the steps (b) and (C) is not particularly limited.
- the method of heat-treating as needed is mentioned.
- the coating method include known coating methods such as a spin coating method, a blade coating method, a slit die coating method, a screen printing method, a bar coater method, a mold method, a printing transfer method, a dip pulling method, and an ink jet method.
- the temperature for the heat treatment of the coating film is preferably in the range of 100 to 300 ° C.
- steps (c), (d), (e), (D), (E), and (F) are as follows.
- the photosensitive paste is applied to the entire surface or a part of the substrate on which the lower electrode and the gate insulating layer are formed.
- Application methods include spin coating using a spinner, spray coating, roll coating, screen printing, blade coater, die coater, calendar coater, meniscus coater, bar coater, gravure, flexo printing.
- Known methods such as a printing method, an offset printing method, a dip-up method, an ink jet method, and a dispenser method can be used.
- the coating film thickness varies depending on the coating method, the solid content concentration of the composition, the viscosity, and the like, the film thickness after drying is adjusted to a predetermined value.
- the solvent is removed from the coating film applied on the substrate.
- the conductive film 4 is formed.
- the method for removing the solvent include heat drying using an oven, a hot plate, infrared rays, and vacuum drying. Heat drying is preferably performed in the range of 50 ° C. to 180 ° C. for 1 minute to several hours.
- the conductive film after removing the solvent is patterned by photolithography.
- a light source used for exposure it is preferable to use i-line (365 nm), h-line (405 nm), or g-line (436 nm) of a mercury lamp.
- the intensity I 0 of light used for exposure (exposure light) and the intensity I of light transmitted through the substrate, the electrode formed on the substrate surface, and the gate insulating layer satisfy the following formula (a). .
- Exposure is performed by making light incident from the back side of the substrate.
- the lower electrode serves as a mask and the upper electrode is patterned, so that the lower electrode and the upper electrode can be aligned with high accuracy without alignment.
- a step of exposing the conductive film 4 from the substrate surface side after exposure and before development may be added.
- the exposure light source described above can be used for the exposure at this time.
- photocuring on the surface side of the conductive film 4 is promoted, the film loss of the conductive film 4 due to the development step described later can be reduced, and the surface roughness of the conductive film 4 is suppressed.
- the surface roughness of the conductive film is small, the coatability of a semiconductor layer described later can be improved and a uniform semiconductor layer can be formed, so that the characteristics of the manufactured FET are improved.
- the surface roughness of the conductive film can be measured by contact surface roughness measurement, an atomic force microscope, an ellipsometry method, or the like.
- a desired upper electrode pattern is obtained by removing an unexposed portion using a developer.
- Developer solutions for alkali development include tetramethylammonium hydroxide, diethanolamine, diethylaminoethanol, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, diethylamine, methylamine, dimethylamine, dimethylaminoethyl acetate
- An aqueous solution of a compound such as dimethylaminoethanol, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, cyclohexylamine, ethylenediamine or hexamethylenediamine is preferred.
- these aqueous solutions may contain polar solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and ⁇ -butyrolactone, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol.
- polar solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and ⁇ -butyrolactone
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol.
- Esters such as ethyl lactate and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
- ketones such as cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, isobutyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone may be used alone or as a developer.
- what added surfactant to these alkaline aqueous solution can also be
- Developers for organic development include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-acetyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, hexamethyl phosphortriamide, etc. Can be used alone or in combination with methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, xylene, water, methyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol and the like.
- the development can be performed by spraying the developer on the coating film surface while the substrate is allowed to stand or rotate, immersing the substrate in the developer, or applying ultrasonic waves while immersing.
- a rinsing treatment with water may be performed.
- alcohols such as ethanol and isopropyl alcohol
- esters such as ethyl lactate and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate may be added to water for rinsing treatment.
- the upper electrode is cured in order to develop conductivity.
- the curing method include oven curing, inert oven, hot plate, heat curing with an infrared ray, vacuum curing, curing with a xenon flash lamp, and the like.
- the curing temperature is preferably in the range of 100 ° C to 300 ° C, more preferably 100 ° C to 200 ° C, and further preferably 120 ° C to 180 ° C. By setting the heating temperature to 120 ° C. or higher, the volume shrinkage of the photosensitive organic component of the resin can be increased, and the specific resistivity is lowered.
- the photosensitive paste used by this invention can obtain high electroconductivity by the comparatively low temperature cure below 180 degreeC. In that case, it can be used on a substrate having low heat resistance or in combination with a material having low heat resistance.
- dry methods such as resistance heating vapor deposition, electron beam, sputtering, and CVD can be used, but from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost and adaptability to a large area. It is preferable to use the coating method.
- the coating method the same method as described for the composition can be used.
- a spin coating method, a blade coating method, a slit die coating method, a screen printing method, a bar coating method, a mold method, a printing transfer method can be used. Examples thereof include known coating methods such as a method, a dipping method and an ink jet method.
- any one selected from the group consisting of an inkjet method, a dispenser method, and a spray method is preferable.
- the inkjet method is more preferable from the viewpoint of the use efficiency of raw materials.
- an appropriate one can be selected according to the properties of the coating to be obtained, such as coating thickness control and orientation control.
- the formed coating film may be annealed in the air, under reduced pressure, or in an inert gas atmosphere (in a nitrogen or argon atmosphere).
- an electrode formed on the surface of the substrate is referred to as a lower electrode
- an electrode formed on the gate insulating layer is referred to as an upper electrode. That is, in the first embodiment, the gate electrode corresponds to the lower electrode, the source electrode and the drain electrode correspond to the upper electrode, respectively, and in the second embodiment, the source electrode and the drain electrode serve as the lower electrode and the gate electrode serves as the upper electrode. Each is applicable.
- the material used for the substrate is not particularly limited, but at least the surface on which the electrode is disposed is preferably insulating. Further, it is preferably made of a material that transmits 50% or more of light used for exposure, and more preferably a material that transmits 80% or more.
- inorganic materials such as glass, sapphire, alumina sintered body, silicon wafer, etc., and those whose surfaces are covered with an oxide film; Resins such as polyimide (PI) resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, epoxy resin, polyamideimide resin, polyetherimide resin, polyetherketone resin, polysulfone resin, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin, cycloolefin resin;
- PI polyimide
- polyester resin polyamide resin
- epoxy resin polyamideimide resin
- polyetherimide resin polyetherketone resin
- polysulfone resin polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PPS polyethylene naphthalate
- PPS polyphenylene sulfone
- cycloolefin polymer polyamide or PI
- a PET film is preferred.
- a polysulfone resin substrate or a PPS resin substrate is also preferable. This is presumed to be because metal atoms in the lower electrode and wiring strongly interact with sulfur atoms contained in these resins.
- the thickness of the substrate is preferably 200 ⁇ m or less. By being in this range, at the time of processing the conductive film by exposure from the back surface of the substrate, scattering of exposure light in the substrate is suppressed, and the processing accuracy of the conductive film is further improved.
- the lower electrode may be any material as long as it includes a conductor that can be used as an electrode, but preferably has a light shielding property.
- the light-shielding property means that the transmittance at the wavelength of light used when exposing the conductive film is 10% or less, and the transmittance is preferably 1% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less. .
- the lower electrode preferably contains a conductor and a binder from the viewpoint that the flexibility of the electrode is increased, the adhesiveness is good even when bent, and the electrical connection is good.
- the conductor include conductive metal oxides such as tin oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), and ruthenium oxide; Platinum, gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, zinc, aluminum, indium, chromium, lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium, calcium, magnesium, palladium, molybdenum, tungsten, metals such as amorphous silicon and polysilicon, and their alloys ; Inorganic conductive compounds such as copper iodide and copper sulfide; Conductive polymers such as polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polyethylenedioxythiophene and polystyrenesulfonic acid complexes; Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, a carbon material such as carbon, a material containing an organic component and a conductor.
- the conductive polymer preferably has improved conductivity by doping with iodine or the like.
- Electrode materials may be used alone, or a plurality of materials may be laminated or mixed.
- the conductor is preferably gold, silver, copper or platinum particles from the viewpoint of conductivity.
- silver particles are more preferable from the viewpoint of cost and stability.
- the average particle diameter of the particles is preferably from 0.02 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably from 0.02 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, and even more preferably from 0.02 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m. When the average particle diameter is 0.02 ⁇ m or more, the contact probability between the particles is improved, and the specific resistance value and the disconnection probability of the manufactured electrode can be lowered. If the average particle diameter is 10 ⁇ m or less, the surface smoothness, pattern accuracy, and dimensional accuracy of the electrode are improved.
- the average particle size refers to a cross section of the lower electrode observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a magnification of 10,000 times, and the particle size of 100 particles randomly selected from the obtained image was measured. Calculate by calculating the average value for a long time.
- the particle diameter is the particle diameter when the particle shape is spherical. When the shape is other than a spherical shape, the average value of the maximum width and the minimum width observed for one particle is defined as the particle diameter of the particle.
- the content of the conductor in the electrode is preferably in the range of 70% by mass to 95% by mass of the electrode.
- the lower limit of the content is preferably 80% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content is preferably 90% by mass or less.
- the binder is not particularly limited, but may include components selected from monomers, oligomers, polymers, photopolymerization initiators, plasticizers, leveling agents, surfactants, silane coupling agents, antifoaming agents, pigments, and the like. preferable. From the viewpoint of improving the bending resistance of the electrode, it is preferable to contain at least an oligomer or a polymer.
- the oligomer or polymer is not particularly limited, but acrylic resin, epoxy resin, novolac resin, phenol resin, polyimide precursor, polyimide, and the like can be preferably used. From the viewpoint of crack resistance during bending, an acrylic resin is preferred. This is presumed to be because the glass transition temperature of the acrylic resin is 100 ° C. or lower, and softens when the electrodes are thermally cured, thereby increasing the binding between the conductors.
- An acrylic resin is a resin including a structure derived from at least an acrylic monomer in a repeating unit.
- the acrylic monomer are not particularly limited, but are preferably methyl acrylate, acrylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, i-butyl acrylate, i-propane acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, N-methoxymethyl acrylamide, N-ethoxymethyl acrylamide, Nn-butoxymethyl acrylamide, N-isobutoxymethyl acrylamide, butoxytriethylene glycol acrylate, dicyclopentanyl acrylate, dicyclopentenyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, Isobornyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, isodexyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, -Methoxyethyl acrylate
- acrylic monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Styrenes such as styrene, p-methylstyrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, chloromethylstyrene, hydroxymethylstyrene; ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 1-vinyl-2 -Other monomers such as pyrrolidone may be copolymerized.
- the width and thickness of the lower electrode are arbitrary. From the viewpoint of ease of forming the electrode pattern, the electrode width is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 10 mm or less, and the thickness is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, but is not limited thereto.
- the wiring material of the lower electrode may be any material as long as it contains a conductor that can be generally used, like the lower electrode.
- the method for forming the wiring is the same as the method for forming the electrode. It is only necessary that at least a part of the lower electrode and the wiring can be electrically connected.
- the width and thickness of the connecting portion between the lower electrode and the wiring are arbitrary.
- the lower electrode and the wiring material are preferably composed of the same material. This is because the number of materials is reduced, and the number of manufacturing steps can be reduced and the cost can be reduced by manufacturing the lower electrode and the wiring in the same process.
- That the lower electrode and the wiring are made of the same material means that the element having the highest content molar ratio among the elements contained in the lower electrode and the wiring is the same.
- the type and content ratio of elements in the electrode can be identified by elemental analysis such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).
- connection portion between the lower electrode and the wiring is formed in a continuous phase. From the viewpoint of adhesion between the lower electrode and the wiring and reduction in manufacturing cost, it is preferable to form them to form a continuous phase.
- continuous phase of the lower electrode and the wiring pattern means that these patterns are integrated and there is no connection interface at the connection portion. That the connection portion between the lower electrode and the wiring is a continuous phase can be confirmed by observing a cross section of the connection portion with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a transmission electron microscope (TEM), or the like.
- the material used for the gate insulating layer is not particularly limited; however, inorganic materials such as silicon oxide and alumina; organic materials such as polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polysiloxane, and polyvinylphenol (PVP) Materials; or a mixture of inorganic material powder and organic material.
- inorganic materials such as silicon oxide and alumina
- organic materials such as polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polysiloxane, and polyvinylphenol (PVP) Materials
- PVP polyvinylphenol
- Examples of the organic compound containing a bond between a silicon atom and a carbon atom include a silane compound represented by the following general formula (1), an epoxy group-containing silane compound represented by the following general formula (2), and the following general formula (3). And silane compounds represented by these, condensates thereof, or polysiloxanes containing these as polymerization components. Among these, polysiloxane is more preferable because it has high insulating properties and can be cured at low temperature.
- the gate insulating layer may contain one or more polysiloxanes.
- R 1 m Si (OR 2 ) 4-m
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a heterocyclic group, an aryl group or an alkenyl group. When a plurality of R 1 are present, each R 1 may be the same or different.
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an acyl group or an aryl group. When a plurality of R 2 are present, each R 2 may be the same or different.
- m represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- R 3 represents an alkyl group having one or more epoxy groups as part of the chain.
- each R ⁇ 3 > may be the same or different.
- R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a heterocyclic group, an aryl group or an alkenyl group.
- R 5 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an acyl group or an aryl group.
- l represents an integer of 0 to 2
- n represents 1 or 2. However, l + n ⁇ 3.
- R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a heterocyclic group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group or an alkenyl group.
- R 7 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an acyl group or an aryl group.
- k represents 0 or 1;
- a 1 represents an organic group containing at least two carboxyl groups, sulfo groups, thiol groups, phenolic hydroxyl groups, or derivatives thereof.
- a 1 represents an organic group having at least one cyclic condensed structure.
- the alkyl group in R 1 to R 7 is, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, cyclopropyl group, cyclohexyl group, norbornyl.
- a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group such as a group or an adamantyl group, which may or may not have a substituent.
- limiting in particular as a substituent For example, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, etc. can be mentioned, These may have a substituent further.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 or more and 20 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 8 or less, from the viewpoint of availability and cost.
- the alkoxy group mentioned as a substituent above shows the functional group which substituted one of the ether bonds by the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, for example.
- carbon number of an alkoxy group is not specifically limited, The range of 1-20 is preferable.
- the acyl group in R 2 , R 5 and R 7 is a functional group obtained by substituting one of the carbonyl bonds with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic group, such as an acetyl group, a hexanoyl group, or a benzoyl group.
- the hydrogen group or aromatic group may or may not have a substituent.
- carbon number of an acyl group is not specifically limited, The range of 2-40 is preferable.
- the aryl group in R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 is, for example, an aromatic group such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a biphenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthryl group, a terphenyl group, or a pyrenyl group.
- a hydrocarbon group and an aromatic heterocyclic group such as a furanyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a pyridyl group, or a quinolinyl group, which may or may not have a substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 3 to 40.
- the heterocyclic group in R 1 , R 4 and R 6 represents a group derived from an aliphatic ring having atoms other than carbon, such as a pyran ring, a piperidine ring and an amide ring, in the ring. It may or may not have. Although carbon number of a heterocyclic group is not specifically limited, The range of 2-20 is preferable.
- the alkenyl group in R 1 , R 4 and R 6 represents, for example, an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a double bond such as a vinyl group, an allyl group or a butadienyl group, which has a substituent. May not be included. Although carbon number of an alkenyl group is not specifically limited, The range of 2-20 is preferable.
- the alkyl group having an epoxy group of R 3 as a part of the chain is an alkyl group having a three-membered ether structure formed by combining two adjacent carbon atoms with one oxygen atom as a part of the chain. Show. This is because when two adjacent carbon atoms included in the main chain, which is the longest continuous part of the carbon in the alkyl group, are used, and when two adjacent carbons included in a part other than the main chain, so-called side chain Includes any case where atoms are used.
- each derivative of the carboxyl group, sulfo group, thiol group, and phenolic hydroxyl group in A 1 include, for example, a non-cyclic condensed structure such as carboxylic acid ester, sulfonic acid ester, thioester, thioether, phenyl ether, and carboxylic acid anhydride. And an amide compound or an imide compound produced by a reaction between a carboxylic acid anhydride and an amine compound.
- Examples of the cyclic condensation structure formed by two of a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, a thiol group, and a phenolic hydroxyl group include a cyclic acid anhydride structure, a cyclic ester structure, a cyclic thioester structure, a cyclic ether structure, and a cyclic thioether structure.
- the organic group represents, for example, the aforementioned alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, heterocyclic group, aryl group, heteroaryl group or alkenyl group.
- the gate insulating layer preferably contains at least polysiloxane containing a silane compound represented by the general formula (1) as a polymerization component.
- the general formula (1) at least one of m R 1 in it is an aryl group, and flexibility of the insulating film is preferable because cracking can be prevented.
- silane compound represented by the general formula (1) examples include vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, and methyltrimethoxysilane.
- m 1 vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltrimethylsilane, in order to increase crosslink density and improve chemical resistance and insulation properties.
- vinyltrimethoxysilane R 2 is a methyl group, methyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, propyltrimethoxysilane, hexyltrimethoxysilane, octadecyltrimethoxysilane, octadecyl trimethoxysilane, It is particularly preferable to use phenyltrimethoxysilane, p-tolyltrimethoxysilane, benzyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -naphthyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -naphthyltrimethoxysilane, trifluoroethyltrimethoxysilane, and trimethoxysilane.
- silane compounds represented by the general formula (1) it is preferable to combine two or more silane compounds represented by the general formula (1).
- a combination of a silane compound having an alkyl group and a silane compound having an aryl group is particularly preferable because both high insulating properties and flexibility for preventing cracks can be achieved.
- the gate insulating layer is a copolymer component of at least a silane compound represented by the general formula (1) and an epoxy group-containing silane compound represented by the general formula (2) from the viewpoints of insulation and chemical resistance. It is preferable to contain polysiloxane.
- epoxy group-containing silane compound represented by the general formula (2) examples include ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ - (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, and ⁇ -glycid.
- the polysiloxane preferably further contains a silane compound represented by the general formula (3) as a polymerization component.
- a silane compound represented by the general formula (3) As a polymerization component, it exhibits excellent solubility in an alkali developer during lithography of the insulating layer. As a result, the pattern can be processed with high accuracy according to the design dimension, and therefore, the resolution is excellent.
- a 1 in the general formula (3) represents at least two carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof, or at least a cyclic acid anhydride group from the viewpoint of improving the coating property of the semiconductor solution, low hysteresis, and crack resistance of the gate insulating layer.
- One organic group is preferred, and a group represented by formula (4) or (5) is more preferred.
- X 1 represents a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an arylene group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms.
- R 8 and R 9 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an organic group or a silyl group.
- X 2 represents a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an arylene group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms.
- the content ratio of the structural unit derived from the silane compound represented by the general formula (3) in the total silane structural unit is compatible with improvement in coating property of the semiconductor solution, low hysteresis and crack resistance of the gate insulating layer.
- 0.5 mol% or more is preferable, 1.0 mol% or more is more preferable, and 1.5 mol% or more is more preferable from the viewpoint of improving the resolution during lithography of the insulating layer.
- it is preferably 20 mol% or less, more preferably 15 mol% or less, and even more preferably 10 mol% or less.
- the leakage current is a leakage current that flows to an unintended location on the circuit. In order to drive the FET with low power consumption, it is necessary to reduce the value of the leakage current.
- the leak current value is preferably 30 pA or less, more preferably 20 pA or less, and even more preferably 10 pA or less.
- silane compound represented by the general formula (3) include those having a carboxyl group or a derivative thereof, dimethoxymethylsilylmethyl succinic acid, diethoxymethylsilylmethyl succinic acid, dimethoxyphenylsilylmethyl succinic acid.
- 5-dimethoxymethylsilylpentane-1,2-disulfonic acid As having a sulfo group or a derivative thereof, 5-dimethoxymethylsilylpentane-1,2-disulfonic acid, 5-diethoxymethylsilylpentane-1,2-disulfonic acid, 5-dimethoxyphenylsilylpentane-1,2 -Disulfonic acid, 5-diethoxyphenylsilylpentane-1,2-disulfonic acid, 5-trimethoxysilylpentane-1,2-disulfonic acid, 5-triethoxysilylpentane-1,2-disulfonic acid and their methyl
- Examples include structural units derived from t-butyl esters in addition to esters, ethyl esters, n-propyl esters, isopropyl esters, n-butyl esters, sec-butyl esters.
- 1-carboxyl-2-sulfo-5-trimethoxysilylpentane 1-carboxyl containing one each of different types of carboxyl group, sulfo group, thiol group, phenolic hydroxyl group or derivatives thereof -2-Mercapto-5-trimethoxysilylpentane, 1-sulfo-2-mercapto-5-trimethoxysilylpentane, 1-carboxyl-2-hydroxy-4-trimethoxysilylbenzene, 1-sulfo-2-hydroxy- 4-trimethoxysilylbenzene, 1-mercapto-2-hydroxy-4-trimethoxysilylbenzene and positional isomers having different positions of these substituents, in addition to these methyl (thio) esters, ethyl (thio) esters, n -Propyl (thio) ester, isopropyl (thio) ester n-butyl (thio) ester, sec-buty
- a structural unit derived from a silane compound having an acid anhydride structure or a derivative thereof is more preferable. More preferred are structural units derived from silane compounds having a succinic acid or succinic anhydride structure, such as 3-dimethoxymethylsilylpropyl succinic acid, 3-diethoxymethylsilylpropyl succinic acid, 3-dimethoxyphenylsilylpropyl succinic acid, 3 More preferred are structural units derived from diethoxyphenylsilylpropyl succinic acid, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl succinic acid, 3-triethoxysilylpropyl succinic acid and their anhydrides, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl succinic acid, 3- Particular preference is given to structural units derived from triethoxysilylpropyl succinic acid and their anhydrides.
- the polysiloxane in the gate insulating layer preferably further contains a silane compound represented by the general formula (6) as a polymerization component from the viewpoint of improving crack resistance by introducing a crosslinked structure.
- R 10 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a heterocyclic group, an aryl group, or an alkenyl group.
- R 11 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an acyl group, or an aryl group.
- j represents 0 or 1;
- B 1 represents an organic group including an addition reaction structure between an acrylic group and / or a methacryl group.
- the alkyl group in R 10, a heterocyclic group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, an alkyl group in R 11, an acyl group, an aryl group, are as described above.
- the organic group containing an addition reaction structure between an acryl group and / or a methacryl group is a silane compound represented by the general formula (6), an acryl group contained in a silane compound having an acryl group and / or a methacryl group, and A methacryl group is an addition reaction with an acryl group and / or a methacryl group.
- the addition reaction is a crosslinking reaction accompanying radical polymerization with light or heat.
- the content ratio of the structural unit derived from the silane compound represented by the general formula (6) in all silane structural units is crack resistant. From the viewpoint of improving the property, 5 mol% or more is preferable, 15 mol% or more is more preferable, and 25 mol% or more is more preferable. On the other hand, when the crosslinking density is excessively high, the film is swollen by a wet process such as development in the photolithography process, and the resolution of the pattern is lowered. From the viewpoint of preventing this, it is preferably 50 mol% or less, more preferably 45 mol% or less, and even more preferably 40 mol% or less.
- silane compound represented by the general formula (6) examples include 3-acryloxypropyldimethoxymethylsilane, 3-methacryloxypropyldimethoxymethylsilane, 3-acryloxypropyldiethoxymethylsilane, and 3-methacryloxypropyldisilane.
- a structural unit obtained by addition reaction of a structure derived from propyltrimethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, or 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane is preferable.
- Lilo trimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane, 3-acryloxy propyl triethoxy silane, 3-methacryloxypropyl triethoxysilane derived structural unit structure is the addition reaction is more preferable.
- the polysiloxane in the gate insulating layer is further combined with one or more structural units derived from silane compounds other than those represented by the general formulas (3) and (6) from the viewpoint of achieving both high insulation and crack resistance. It is preferable.
- the insulating property as used in the present invention is an index of difficulty in conducting electricity, and means that the volume resistivity is 10 8 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more.
- the polysiloxane contained in the gate insulating layer can be obtained, for example, by the following method. All silane compounds are dissolved in a solvent, and an acid catalyst and water are added thereto over 1 to 180 minutes, followed by hydrolysis reaction at 15 to 80 ° C. for 1 to 180 minutes. The temperature during the hydrolysis reaction is more preferably 15 to 55 ° C. The reaction solution is heated at 50 ° C. or higher and below the boiling point of the solvent for 1 to 100 hours to perform a condensation reaction, whereby polysiloxane can be obtained.
- reaction scale for example, by setting the acid concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time, etc., the physical properties suitable for the intended application Can be obtained.
- Acid catalysts used for the hydrolysis reaction of silane compounds include formic acid, oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, polyvalent carboxylic acid or anhydrides thereof, and ion exchange resins.
- a catalyst is mentioned.
- the content of the acid catalyst is preferably 0.05 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total silane compound that is a copolymer component of polysiloxane. Moreover, 10 mass parts or less are preferable and 5 mass parts or less are more preferable. If the content of the acid catalyst is 0.05 parts by mass or more, the hydrolysis reaction proceeds sufficiently, and if it is 10 parts by mass or less, a rapid reaction can be suppressed.
- the solvent used for the hydrolysis reaction is preferably an organic solvent, alcohols such as ethanol, propanol, butanol and 3-methyl-3-methoxy-1-butanol, glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol monomethyl.
- Ethers such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether and diethyl ether, ketones such as methyl isobutyl ketone and diisobutyl ketone, amides such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide, ethyl acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, 3-methyl Acetates such as -3-methoxy-1-butanol acetate, aromatics such as toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane or In addition to aliphatic hydrocarbon, .gamma.-butyrolactone, N- methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide and the like.
- the amount of the solvent is preferably in the range of 50 parts by mass or more and 500 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total silane compound that is a copolymer component of polysiloxane. If it is 50 parts by mass or more, a rapid reaction can be suppressed, and if it is 500 parts by mass or less, hydrolysis can sufficiently proceed.
- ion-exchanged water is preferable as water used for hydrolysis.
- the amount of water can be arbitrarily selected.
- reheating or addition of a base catalyst can be performed.
- polysiloxane contains a structural unit derived from the silane compound represented by the general formula (3) and / or (6) means that various organic analysis methods such as elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, and infrared spectroscopic analysis are used alone. Or it can determine by combining two or more.
- the material used for the gate insulating layer may further contain a metal compound containing a bond of a metal atom and an oxygen atom.
- a metal compound containing a bond of a metal atom and an oxygen atom There is no restriction
- a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, a metal chelate compound etc. are illustrated.
- a metal chelate represented by the general formula (7) is preferable.
- the metal atom contained in a metal compound is not specifically limited, Magnesium, aluminum, titanium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, zirconium, ruthenium, palladium, indium, hafnium, platinum, etc. are mentioned. Among these, aluminum is preferable from the viewpoint of availability, cost, and metal chelate stability.
- R 12 x M (OR 13 ) y ⁇ x (7)
- R 12 represents a monovalent bidentate ligand.
- each R 12 may be the same or different.
- R 13 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group, an acyl group or an aryl group.
- M represents a y-valent metal atom.
- y is 1-6.
- x represents an integer of 1 to y.
- the monovalent bidentate ligand represented by R 12 is a compound having one group each having a covalent bond and one group having a coordinate bond with a metal to be coordinated.
- the group capable of covalent bonding include a group capable of covalent bonding with a metal atom by deprotonation such as a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, and a carboxyl group.
- the group that forms a coordinate bond include a carbonyl group, a thiocarbonyl group, a nitrile group, an amino group, an imino group, and a phosphine oxide group.
- the carbon number of R 12 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 or more and 20 or less, more preferably 3 or more and 12 or less, from the viewpoint of thermal decomposability during film formation.
- the alkyl group in R 13 is, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, cyclopropyl group, cyclohexyl group, norbornyl group, adamantyl
- a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group such as a group, which may or may not have a substituent;
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 or more and 20 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 8 or less, from the viewpoint of availability and cost.
- the acyl group in R 13 is a functional group obtained by substituting one of the carbonyl bonds with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic group, such as an acetyl group, a hexanoyl group, or a benzoyl group, and this aliphatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic group. May or may not have a substituent.
- carbon number of an acyl group is not specifically limited, The range of 2-40 is preferable.
- the aryl group in R 13 is, for example, an aromatic hydrocarbon group such as phenyl group, naphthyl group, biphenyl group, anthracenyl group, phenanthryl group, terphenyl group, pyrenyl group; and furanyl group, thiophenyl group, benzofuranyl group, dibenzo
- An aromatic heterocyclic group such as a furanyl group, a pyridyl group, or a quinolinyl group is shown, which may or may not have a substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 3 to 40.
- alkoxy group mentioned above as a substituent represents a functional group obtained by substituting one of the ether bonds with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, or a propoxy group. It may or may not have a substituent. Although carbon number of an alkoxy group is not specifically limited, The range of 1-20 is preferable.
- the y-valent metal atom is not particularly limited as long as it forms a metal chelate, but magnesium, aluminum, titanium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, zirconium, ruthenium, palladium, indium, Examples include hafnium and platinum.
- y is 1 to 6, and is a value determined according to the type of metal atom. Among them, a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, titanium, zirconium and indium is preferable from the viewpoint of availability and cost.
- metal chelates an aluminum chelate represented by the following general formula (8), which is excellent in stability, is preferable.
- R 14 is the same as R 12 in the general formula (7), and each R 14 may be the same or different.
- the monovalent bidentate ligand represented by R 14 can be obtained at low cost and enables stable chelate formation.
- Groups derived from ⁇ -ketoesters are particularly preferred.
- ⁇ diketones include 2,4-pentanedione, 2,4-hexanedione, 2,4-heptanedione, 3,5-heptanedione, 2,4-octanedione, and 3,5-octanedione.
- ⁇ -ketoester examples include methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, isopropyl acetoacetate, t-butyl acetoacetate, n-butyl acetoacetate, phenyl acetoacetate, ethylpropanoyl acetate, ethylbutanoyl acetate, ethylpentanoyl Acetate, ethylhexanoyl acetate, ethyloctanoyl acetate, ethyldecanoyl acetate, ethyldodecanoyl acetate, ethyl-2-methylpropanoyl acetate, ethyl-2,2-dimethylbutanoyl acetate, ethylbenzoyl acetate, ethyl-p- Anisoyl acetate, ethyl-2-pyridyroy
- At least one of the three R 14 is different from the other two in consideration of the solubility of the chelate in the solvent and the stability of the composition. For the same reason, it is preferable that at least one of R 14 is a ⁇ keto ester.
- the metal chelate as described above include the following.
- the aluminum chelate include diethoxyaluminum (2,4-pentanedionate), diisopropoxyaluminum (2,4-pentanedionate), diethoxyaluminum (2,4-hexanedionate), diethoxyaluminum (3 , 5-hexanedionate), diethoxyaluminum (2,4-octanedionate), diethoxyaluminum benzoylacetonate, diethoxyaluminum (1- (pyridyl-2-yl) -1,3-butanedionate) , Diethoxyaluminum methyl acetoacetate, diisopropoxyaluminum methyl acetoacetate, diethoxyaluminum ethyl acetoacetate, diethoxyaluminum isopropyl acetoacetate, diethoxyaluminum-t-butylacetate Acetate,
- Zirconium chelates include trisethoxyzirconium (2,4-pentanedionate), trisisopropoxyzirconium (2,4-pentanedionate), trisethoxyzirconium (2,4-hexanedionate), trisethoxyzirconium (3 , 5-hexanedionate), trisethoxyzirconium benzoylacetonate, trisethoxyzirconium methylacetoacetate, trisisopropoxyzirconium methylacetoacetate, trisethoxyzirconium ethylacetoacetate, trisethoxyzirconium isopropylacetoacetate, trisethoxyzirconium-t- Butyl acetoacetate, trisethoxyzirconium ethylbutanoyl acetate, trisethoxyzirconium Ethyl benzoyl acetate, diethoxyzirconium bis (2,
- Titanium chelates include trisethoxytitanium (2,4-pentanedionate), trisisopropoxytitanium (2,4-pentanedionate), trisethoxytitanium (2,4-hexanedionate), trisethoxytitanium (3 , 5-hexanedionate), trisethoxy titanium benzoyl acetonate, trisethoxy titanium methyl acetoacetate, trisisopropoxy titanium methyl acetoacetate, trisethoxy titanium ethyl acetoacetate, trisethoxy titanium isopropyl acetoacetate, trisethoxy titanium t-butyl Acetoacetate, trisethoxytitanium ethylbutanoyl acetate, trisethoxytitanium ethylbenzoyl acetate, diethoxytitanium bis (2,4-pentanedionate) Diis
- indium chelates examples include diethoxyindium (2,4-pentanedionate), diisopropoxyindium (2,4-pentanedionate), diethoxyindium (2,4-hexanedionate), diethoxyindium (3 , 5-hexanedionate), diethoxyindium benzoylacetonate, diethoxyindium methylacetoacetate, diisopropoxyindium methylacetoacetate, diethoxyindium ethylacetoacetate, diethoxyindium isopropylacetoacetate, diethoxyindium t-butyl Acetoacetate, diethoxyindium ethylbutanoyl acetate, diethoxyindium ethylbenzoyl acetate, ethoxyindium bis (2,4-pentanediona ), Isopropoxyindium bis (2,4-pentanedionate), ethoxyindium bis (2,4-hexaned
- magnesium chelate examples include magnesium bis (2,4-pentanedionate) and magnesium bis (ethyl acetoacetate).
- chromium chelate examples include chromium tris (2,4-pentanedionate) and chromium tris (ethyl acetoacetate).
- Manganese chelates include manganese (II) bis (2,4-pentanedionate), manganese (II) bis (ethylacetoacetate), manganese (III) tris (2,4-pentanedionate), manganese (III) A tris (ethyl acetoacetate) etc. are mentioned.
- cobalt chelate examples include cobalt tris (2,4-pentanedionate), cobalt tris (ethyl acetoacetate), and the like.
- nickel chelate examples include nickel bis (2,4-pentanedionate), nickel bis (ethyl acetoacetate), and the like.
- copper chelates examples include copper bis (2,4-pentanedionate) and copper bis (ethyl acetoacetate).
- zinc chelate examples include zinc bis (2,4-pentanedionate) and zinc bis (ethyl acetoacetate).
- gallium chelate examples include gallium tris (2,4-pentanedionate), gallium tris (ethyl acetoacetate), and the like.
- ruthenium chelate examples include ruthenium tris (2,4-pentanedionate) and ruthenium tris (ethyl acetoacetate).
- Examples of the palladium chelate include palladium bis (2,4-pentanedionate) and palladium bis (ethyl acetoacetate).
- hafnium chelate examples include hafnium tetrakis (2,4-pentanedionate) and hafnium tetrakis (ethyl acetoacetate).
- platinum chelates examples include platinum bis (2,4-pentanedionate) and platinum bis (ethyl acetoacetate).
- Such a metal chelate can be obtained, for example, by the following method.
- a desired metal chelate can be synthesized by dropping a specified amount of a ligand into the metal alkoxide and then distilling the alcohol component derived from the alkoxide by heating under reflux.
- the metal chelate which has a different ligand is obtained by dripping two or more types of ligands in order.
- the gate insulating layer it is preferable that 10 to 180 parts by mass of metal atoms are included with respect to 100 parts by mass of carbon atoms and silicon atoms in total. By setting it as this range, an insulation characteristic can be improved.
- the mass ratio of metal atoms to the total of 100 parts by mass of carbon atoms and silicon atoms in the insulating layer can be measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
- the raw material composition contains an aluminum chelate, polysiloxane, and a solvent and contains 100 parts by mass of the aluminum chelate and contains 5 parts by mass or more and 90 parts by mass or less of the polysiloxane
- An insulating layer containing 10 to 180 parts by mass of the aluminum atoms is formed with respect to 100 parts by mass of silicon atoms in total.
- the relationship between the above-described composition and the content ratio of atoms in the insulating layer tends to be a rough tendency.
- the above-described relationship is not always satisfied depending on the type of metal atom.
- the film thickness of the gate insulating layer is preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 1 ⁇ m or less. By setting the film thickness within this range, it is easy to form a uniform thin film. By setting the film thickness to 1 ⁇ m or less, scattering of exposure light in the gate insulating layer is suppressed during processing of the conductive film by exposure from the back surface of the substrate, and processing accuracy of the conductive film is further improved.
- the film thickness can be measured by an atomic force microscope or an ellipsometry method.
- the insulating layer may be a single layer or multiple layers.
- One layer may be formed from a plurality of insulating materials, or a plurality of insulating materials may be stacked to form a plurality of insulating layers.
- the upper electrode is obtained by applying a photosensitive paste mainly containing a conductor and a photosensitive organic component to form the conductive film 4 and then patterning.
- the conductor used for the upper electrode may be any conductive material that can be used as an electrode. Specifically, gold, silver, copper, platinum, lead, tin, nickel, aluminum, tungsten, molybdenum , Metal particles containing at least one metal selected from ruthenium oxide, chromium, titanium, and indium, and carbon are preferable. These may be used alone, mixed or used, or metal particles containing an alloy composed of a plurality of these metals may be used.
- gold, silver, copper or platinum particles are preferable from the viewpoint of conductivity.
- silver particles are more preferable from the viewpoint of cost and stability.
- carbon black in addition to the metal particles.
- the average particle diameter of the metal particles is preferably 0.02 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.02 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 0.02 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter is 0.02 ⁇ m or more, the contact probability between the metal particles is improved, and the specific resistance value and the disconnection probability of the manufactured electrode can be lowered. Furthermore, since the actinic rays at the time of exposure can smoothly pass through the film, fine patterning is facilitated. If the average particle diameter is 10 ⁇ m or less, the surface smoothness, pattern accuracy, and dimensional accuracy of the electrode are improved.
- the average particle diameter of the metal particles means that the cross-section of the upper electrode is observed at a magnification of 10,000 times using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and 100 particles randomly selected from the obtained image. It is calculated by measuring the diameter and obtaining the average value.
- the particle diameter is the particle diameter when the particle shape is spherical. When the shape is other than a spherical shape, the average value of the maximum width and the minimum width observed for one particle is defined as the particle diameter of the particle.
- the content of the conductor is preferably in the range of 70% by mass to 95% by mass with respect to the total solid content in the photosensitive paste.
- the lower limit of the content is preferably 80% by mass or more.
- 70% by weight or more By being 70% by weight or more, the contact probability between metal particles particularly during curing shrinkage during curing can be improved, and the specific resistance value and the disconnection probability of the produced electrode can be lowered.
- actinic rays at the time of exposure can smoothly pass through the film, and fine patterning becomes easy.
- the solid content is obtained by removing the solvent from the photosensitive paste.
- the photosensitive organic component preferably contains a monomer, oligomer or polymer having a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule.
- a compound having an active carbon-carbon unsaturated double bond can be used as the monomer having a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule.
- a compound having an active carbon-carbon unsaturated double bond can be used as the functional group.
- monofunctional and polyfunctional compounds having a vinyl group, an allyl group, an acrylate group, a methacrylate group, or an acrylamide group can be applied.
- allylated cyclohexyl diacrylate polyethylene glycol diacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, dipentaerythritol monohydroxypentaacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, glycerol diacrylate, methoxylated cyclohexyl diacrylate, neopentyl.
- the content of the monomer is preferably in the range of 1% by mass to 15% by mass and more preferably in the range of 1% by mass to 10% by mass with respect to the total solid content in the photosensitive paste.
- the oligomer or polymer having a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule can be obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of components selected from compounds having a carbon-carbon double bond. By adding a photoreactive group to the side chain or molecular end of such an oligomer or polymer, an oligomer or polymer having a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule can be obtained.
- Preferred polymerizable unsaturated groups are those having an ethylenically unsaturated group.
- the ethylenically unsaturated group include a vinyl group, an allyl group, an acrylic group, and a methacryl group.
- the method of adding such a side chain to an oligomer or polymer is an ethylenically unsaturated compound or acrylic acid chloride having a glycidyl group or an isocyanate group with respect to a mercapto group, amino group, hydroxyl group or carboxyl group in the oligomer or polymer.
- Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated compound having a glycidyl group include glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, allyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl ethyl acrylate, crotonyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl crotonic acid, and glycidyl ether of isocrotonic acid.
- Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated compound having an isocyanate group include (meth) acryloyl isocyanate and (meth) acryloylethyl isocyanate.
- ethylenically unsaturated compounds having glycidyl group or isocyanate group, acrylic acid chloride, methacrylic acid chloride or allyl chloride are 0.05 to 1 with respect to mercapto group, amino group, hydroxyl group and carboxyl group in oligomer or polymer. It is preferable to add a molar equivalent.
- the photosensitive organic component preferably contains a compound having a urethane group.
- the oligomer or polymer preferably contains a urethane-modified compound obtained by reacting an oligomer or polymer having a hydroxyl group in the side chain with a compound having an isocyanate group.
- Such an oligomer or polymer having a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 2,000 to 200,000 and a number average molecular weight (Mn) in the range of 1,000 to 50,000. More preferably, Mw is in the range of 5000 to 100,000, and Mn is in the range of 1000 to 30000. When Mw and Mn are within the above ranges, handleability is good and uniform curability can be obtained during photocuring.
- the photosensitive organic component contains a monomer, oligomer or polymer having a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule, these components do not have the ability to absorb actinic rays, so that photocuring can be performed. It is necessary to use a photopolymerization initiator.
- the photopolymerization initiator is selected depending on the light source used for photocuring, and a radical photopolymerization initiator, a cationic photopolymerization initiator, or the like can be used.
- photo radical polymerization initiators include diethoxyacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, benzyldimethyl ketal, 1- (4-isopropylphenyl) -2-hydroxy-2-methylpropane -1-one, 4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl- (2-hydroxy-2-propyl) ketone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl-phenylketone, 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione-2- (o- Ethoxycarbonyl) oxime, 2-methyl- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] -2-morpholinopropan-1-one, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1- (4-morpholinophenyl) -butanone-1 , Benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin Propyl ether, benzoin isobutyl ether, benzophenone, methyl o-
- photocationic polymerization initiator examples include iodonium salts, sulfonium salts, phosphate salts, and antimonate salts.
- one or more of these can be used.
- 0.05 mass% or more and 10 mass% or less are preferable with respect to a conductive paste, and, as for content of a photoinitiator, 0.1 mass% or more and 10 mass% or less are more preferable.
- the sensitivity can be improved by using a sensitizer together with the photopolymerization initiator, and the effective wavelength range for the reaction can be expanded.
- sensitizer examples include 2,3-bis (4-diethylaminobenzal) cyclopentanone, 2,6-bis (4-dimethylaminobenzal) cyclohexanone, and 2,6-bis (4-dimethylamino).
- the photosensitive paste used in the present invention one or more of these can be used.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.05% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, and 0.1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less with respect to the photosensitive organic component. More preferred.
- the photosensitive paste used in the present invention preferably contains an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent By using the organic solvent, the viscosity of the photosensitive paste can be adjusted, and the surface smoothness of the coating film can be improved.
- the viscosity of the photosensitive paste is preferably 10 Pa ⁇ s to 100 Pa ⁇ s, and more preferably 10 Pa ⁇ s to 50 Pa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity is a value measured at 3 rpm using a Brookfield viscometer.
- the viscosity of the photosensitive paste is within the above range, the coverage is good even when there is a step.
- the viscosity of the photosensitive paste is preferably 0.1 mPa ⁇ s to 100 mPa ⁇ s, and more preferably 1 mPa ⁇ s to 50 mPa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity of the photosensitive paste is within the above range, favorable droplet formation is possible and a uniform coating film can be obtained.
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited.
- Bromobenzoic acid, chlorobenzoic acid, etc. diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2-ethyl 1,3-hexanediol, terpineol, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutanol, texanol, benzyl alcohol, di B propylene glycol monoethyl ether, tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate. You may use these in mixture of 2 or more types.
- the photosensitive paste used in the present invention is a non-photosensitive polymer having no unsaturated double bond in the molecule, plasticizer, leveling agent, surfactant, silane coupling as long as the desired properties are not impaired. Additives such as an agent, an antifoaming agent and a pigment can also be blended.
- Specific examples of the non-photosensitive polymer include an epoxy resin, a novolac resin, a phenol resin, a polyimide precursor, and polyimide.
- plasticizer examples include dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, polyethylene glycol, glycerin and the like.
- leveling agent examples include a special vinyl polymer and a special acrylic polymer.
- silane coupling agents methyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, hexamethyldisilazane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane Etc.
- the photosensitive paste used in the present invention is produced using a disperser, a kneader or the like. Specific examples of these include, but are not limited to, a three-roller, a ball mill, and a planetary ball mill.
- the width and thickness of the upper electrode are arbitrary. From the viewpoint of easy formation of the electrode pattern, the electrode width is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 10 mm or less, and the thickness is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, but is not limited thereto.
- the wiring material for the upper electrode is the same as the wiring material for the lower electrode.
- the material used for the semiconductor layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a material exhibiting semiconductor properties, and a material having high carrier mobility is preferably used. Moreover, what can apply a simple coating process at low cost is preferable, and an organic semiconductor and a carbon material are mentioned as a preferable example.
- Polythiophenes such as poly-3-hexylthiophene and polybenzothiophene, poly (2,5-bis (2-thienyl) -3,6-dipentadecylthieno [3,2-b] thiophene), poly (4 8-dihexyl-2,6-bis (3-hexylthiophen-2-yl) benzo [1,2-b: 4,5-b ′] dithiophene), poly (4-octyl-2- (3-octylthiophene) Compounds containing thiophene units in the main chain, such as -2-yl) thiazole) and poly (5,5′-bis (4-octylthiazol-2-yl) -2,2′-bithiophene); Polyfurans such as polypyrroles, poly (p-phenylene vinylenes) such as poly (p-phenylene vinylene), polyanilines, polyacetyls, polyfurans such
- Examples of the carbon material include carbon nanotubes (hereinafter referred to as CNT), graphene, fullerene, and the like, and CNT is preferable in terms of suitability for the coating process and high mobility.
- CNT carbon nanotubes
- the CNT a single-layer CNT in which one carbon film (graphene sheet) is wound in a cylindrical shape, a two-layer CNT in which two graphene sheets are wound in a concentric shape, and a plurality of graphene sheets are concentric in shape
- Any of the multi-walled CNTs wound around may be used, and two or more of these may be used.
- it is preferable to use single-walled CNT and it is more preferable that single-walled CNT include 90% by weight or more of semiconductor-type single-walled CNT. More preferably, the single-walled CNT contains 95% by weight or more of the semiconductor-type single-walled CNT.
- the content ratio of the semiconductor-type single-walled CNT can be calculated from the absorption area ratio of the visible-near infrared absorption spectrum.
- CNTs can be obtained by methods such as arc discharge, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and laser ablation.
- CNT is preferable as the material used for the semiconductor layer because of the ease of forming the semiconductor layer.
- a CNT having a conjugated polymer attached to at least a part of its surface (hereinafter referred to as a CNT composite) is particularly preferable because it has excellent dispersion stability in a solution and high mobility.
- the conjugated polymer refers to a compound in which the repeating unit has a conjugated structure and the degree of polymerization is 2 or more.
- the state where the conjugated polymer is attached to at least a part of the surface of the CNT means a state where a part or all of the CNT surface is covered with the conjugated polymer.
- the reason why the conjugated polymer can coat the CNT is presumed to be that an interaction occurs due to the overlap of ⁇ electron clouds derived from the respective conjugated structures. Whether or not the CNT is coated with the conjugated polymer can be determined by approaching the color of the conjugated polymer from the color of the uncoated CNT. Quantitatively, the presence of deposits and the mass ratio of deposits to CNTs can be identified by elemental analysis such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- the conjugated polymer attached to the CNT can be used regardless of the molecular weight, molecular weight distribution or structure. It is preferable that the conjugated polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 1000 or more from the viewpoint of easy adhesion to CNTs.
- the CNT composite can uniformly disperse CNTs in a solution without impairing the high electrical properties of the CNTs by attaching a conjugated polymer to at least a part of the surface of the CNTs.
- a uniformly dispersed CNT film can be formed by a coating method using a dispersion in which CNTs are uniformly dispersed. Thereby, a high semiconductor characteristic is realizable.
- the method for adhering the conjugated polymer to the CNT is as follows: (I) a method in which CNT is added and mixed in the molten conjugated polymer, and (II) the conjugated polymer is dissolved in a solvent, and the CNT is added to the CNT. (III) A method in which a conjugated polymer is added and mixed in a solvent in which CNT has been predispersed in advance in a solvent, and (IV) a conjugated polymer in the solvent. And CNT, and a method of mixing the mixed system by irradiating ultrasonic waves. In the present invention, a plurality of methods may be combined.
- the length of the CNT is preferably shorter than the distance (channel length) between the source electrode and the drain electrode.
- the average length of CNT depends on the channel length, but is preferably 2 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- commercially available CNTs have a distribution in length and may contain CNTs longer than the channel length, and therefore it is preferable to add a step of shortening the CNTs shorter than the channel length.
- a method of cutting into short fibers by acid treatment with nitric acid, sulfuric acid or the like, ultrasonic treatment, or freeze pulverization is effective. Further, it is more preferable to use separation by a filter in view of improving purity.
- the diameter of the CNT is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and more preferably 50 nm or less.
- a step of uniformly dispersing CNT in a solvent and filtering the dispersion with a filter By obtaining CNT smaller than the filter pore diameter from the filtrate, CNT shorter than the channel length can be obtained efficiently.
- a membrane filter is preferably used as the filter. The pore diameter of the filter used for filtration should be smaller than the channel length.
- Examples of the conjugated polymer that coats the CNT include a polythiophene polymer, a polypyrrole polymer, a polyaniline polymer, a polyacetylene polymer, a poly-p-phenylene polymer, and a poly-p-phenylene vinylene polymer. And a thiophene-heteroarylene polymer having a repeating unit having a thiophene unit and a heteroaryl unit, and two or more of these may be used.
- the polymer one in which single monomer units are arranged, one obtained by block copolymerization of different monomer units, one obtained by random copolymerization, or one obtained by graft polymerization can be used.
- the semiconductor layer may be a mixture of a CNT composite and an organic semiconductor. By uniformly dispersing the CNT composite in the organic semiconductor, it is possible to achieve high mobility while maintaining the characteristics of the organic semiconductor itself.
- the content of the CNT composite in the semiconductor layer containing the CNT composite and the organic semiconductor is preferably 0.01 part by weight or more and 3 parts by weight or less, and more preferably 1 part by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the organic semiconductor.
- the semiconductor layer may further contain an insulating material.
- the insulating material used here include, but are not particularly limited to, the insulating material composition of the present invention and polymer materials such as poly (methyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, and polyethylene terephthalate.
- the semiconductor layer 7 may be a single layer or a plurality of layers, and the film thickness is preferably 1 nm or more and 200 nm or less, more preferably 100 nm or less. By setting the film thickness in this range, it is easy to form a uniform thin film, and further, the source-drain current that cannot be controlled by the gate voltage can be suppressed, and the on / off ratio of the FET can be further increased.
- the film thickness can be measured by an atomic force microscope or an ellipsometry method.
- an orientation layer can be provided between the gate insulating layer and the semiconductor layer.
- known materials such as a silane compound, a titanium compound, an organic acid, and a heteroorganic acid can be used, and an organic silane compound is particularly preferable.
- the organic silane compound is not particularly limited. Specifically, phenyltrichlorosilane, naphthyltrichlorosilane, anthryltrichlorosilane, pyrenyltrichlorosilane, perylenyltrichlorosilane, coronenyltrichlorosilane, thiophenyltrichlorosilane, pyrrole.
- Rutrichlorosilane pyridyltrichlorosilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, naphthyltrimethoxysilane, naphthyltriethoxysilane, anthracentrimethoxysilane, anthryltriethoxysilane, pyrenyltrimethoxysilane, pyrenyltriethoxysilane, Thiophenyltrimethoxysilane, thiophenyltriethoxysilane, phenylmethyltrichlorosilane, phenylethyltrichlorosilane, Rupropyltrichlorosilane, phenylbutyltrichlorosilane, phenylhexyltrichlorosilane, phenyloctyltrichlorosilane, naphthylmethyltrichlorosilane, naphthyleth
- the orientation layer is preferably formed of a monomolecular layer or an assembly of molecules containing an organosilane compound, but considering the resistance of the orientation layer, the thickness of the orientation layer is preferably 10 nm or less, more preferably It is a monomolecular film.
- the alignment layer containing a silane compound also includes a layer formed by chemically bonding a functional group in the silane compound and the surface of the gate insulating layer. A dense and strong film can be formed by a chemical reaction between the functional group (for example, trichlorosilyl group) and the surface of the gate insulating layer.
- the method for forming the orientation layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a vapor phase method such as a CVD method, and a method using a liquid phase such as a spin coating method and a dip pulling method.
- the surface of the gate insulating layer serving as a base thereof may be hydrophilized using a method such as a UV ozone method or an oxygen plasma method. Thereby, the chemical reaction between the functional group and the surface of the gate insulating layer can be facilitated.
- the second insulating layer may be formed on the side opposite to the gate insulating layer with respect to the semiconductor layer.
- the semiconductor layer can be protected from an external environment such as oxygen and moisture.
- the material used for the second insulating layer is not particularly limited, but specifically, inorganic materials such as silicon oxide and alumina, polyimide and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polysiloxane and the like Examples thereof include polymer materials such as derivatives, polyvinylphenol and derivatives thereof, a mixture of inorganic material powder and polymer material, and a mixture of organic low molecular weight material and polymer material.
- inorganic materials such as silicon oxide and alumina, polyimide and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polysiloxane and the like
- polymer materials such as derivatives, polyvinylphenol and derivatives thereof, a mixture of inorganic material powder and polymer material, and a mixture of organic low molecular weight material and polymer material.
- a polymer material that can be produced by a coating method such as inkjet.
- a coating method such as inkjet.
- polyfluoroethylene, polynorbornene, polysiloxane, polyimide, polystyrene, polycarbonate, or a derivative thereof, polyacrylic acid derivative, polymethacrylic acid derivative, or a copolymer containing these is used, the viewpoint of uniformity of the insulating layer To preferred.
- the film thickness of the second insulating layer is preferably 50 nm or more and 10 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 100 nm or more and 3 ⁇ m or less.
- the second insulating layer may be a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- one layer may be formed from a plurality of insulating materials, or a plurality of insulating materials may be stacked.
- the method of forming the second insulating layer is not particularly limited, and dry methods such as resistance heating vapor deposition, electron beam, sputtering, and CVD can be used, but from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost and adaptability to a large area. It is preferable to use a coating method. Specifically, as a coating method, a spin coating method, a blade coating method, a slit die coating method, a screen printing method, a bar coater method, a mold method, a printing transfer method, a dip pulling method, an ink jet method, a drop cast method, or the like is preferably used. be able to.
- the coating method can be selected according to the properties of the coating film to be obtained, such as coating thickness control and orientation control.
- the solvent for dissolving the insulating material used for the second insulating layer is not particularly limited, Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol mono n-butyl ether, propylene glycol mono t-butyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether , Ethers such as diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether; Esters such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutyl acetate, methyl lactate, ethyl
- a solvent having a boiling point of 110 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less at 1 atmosphere it is preferable to contain a solvent having a boiling point of 110 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less at 1 atmosphere.
- the boiling point is 110 ° C. or higher, volatilization of the solvent is suppressed at the time of solution coating, and the coating property is improved.
- the boiling point is 200 ° C. or lower, there is little solvent remaining in the insulating film, and an insulating layer having better heat resistance and chemical resistance can be obtained.
- the formed FET can control the current flowing between the source electrode and the drain electrode by changing the gate voltage.
- the mobility that is an index of the performance of the FET can be calculated using the following equation (a).
- ⁇ ( ⁇ Id / ⁇ Vg) L ⁇ D / (W ⁇ ⁇ r ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Vsd) (a)
- Id is the source-drain current
- Vsd is the source-drain voltage
- Vg is the gate voltage
- D is the gate insulating layer thickness
- L is the channel length
- W is the channel width
- ⁇ r is the dielectric constant of the gate insulating layer.
- the ratio, ⁇ is the vacuum dielectric constant (8.85 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 F / m).
- the FET formed by the above method has high mobility, and is a FET in which the relative position between the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode is controlled with high accuracy.
- This method includes a step of forming a field effect transistor by the above manufacturing method, and a step of forming an antenna pattern on the surface of the substrate on which the field effect transistor is formed.
- the order of forming the field effect transistor and the antenna pattern is not limited.
- an antenna is a device for transmitting and receiving radio waves.
- a wireless communication device is a device that performs electrical communication when an RFID tag receives a carrier wave transmitted from an antenna mounted on an external reader / writer, such as an RFID.
- a radio signal transmitted from an antenna mounted on a reader / writer is received by the antenna of the RFID tag, and the FET in the RFID performs an operation according to the command of the radio signal.
- the response of the result according to the command is transmitted as a radio signal from the RFID tag antenna to the reader / writer antenna.
- the operation corresponding to the command is performed by a known demodulation circuit, operation control logic circuit, modulation circuit, or the like that is configured by an FET.
- the wireless communication apparatus includes a circuit 102 including an FET manufactured by the FET manufacturing method of the present invention on a substrate 100 on which an antenna pattern 101 is formed, an antenna,
- the connection wiring 103 can be formed.
- the antenna material and the connection wiring material may be any conductive material. Specifically, the same material as the lower electrode material can be used. Among these, a paste material containing a conductor and a binder is preferable from the viewpoint that flexibility is increased and adhesion is good even when bent and electrical connection is good.
- the antenna material and the connection wiring material are preferably the same material from the viewpoint of reducing manufacturing costs.
- a method of processing a metal foil such as a copper foil or an aluminum foil using a cutting blade and transferring it to the substrate, a metal foil attached to the substrate on the metal foil There are a method of etching using the formed resist layer as a mask, a method of forming a pattern of conductive paste on a substrate by a coating method, and a method of curing the pattern by heat or light.
- a method of forming a conductive paste on a substrate is preferable.
- Examples of the forming method by coating include an inkjet method, a printing method, an ion plating coating method, a resistance heating vapor deposition method, an electron beam method, a sputtering method, a plating method, and a CVD method.
- a known method such as a spin coating method, a blade coating method, a slit die coating method, a screen printing method, a bar coater method, a mold method, a printing transfer method, or a dip-up method
- substrate using this technique, and drying using oven, a hotplate, infrared rays, etc. is mentioned.
- the conductive film manufactured by the above method may be patterned into a desired shape by a known photolithography method or the like, or may be formed through a mask having a desired shape at the time of vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the antenna pattern and the connection wiring pattern are preferably made of the same material as the lower electrode and wiring of the FET. This is because the number of materials is reduced, and the number of manufacturing steps can be reduced and the cost can be reduced by manufacturing the antenna pattern and the connection wiring pattern, the lower electrode of the FET and the wiring in the same process.
- the antenna pattern / connection wiring pattern and the lower electrode / wiring of the FET are made of the same material.
- the element having the highest molar ratio among the elements contained in the antenna pattern / connection wiring pattern, the lower electrode of the FET and the wiring. Are the same.
- the type and content of the elements in the antenna pattern, connection wiring pattern, FET lower electrode and wiring can be identified by elemental analysis such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). it can.
- connection wiring pattern, FET lower electrode, and wiring are fabricated in the same process, the antenna pattern and connection wiring pattern, and the connection portion of the connection wiring pattern and FET lower electrode wiring are formed in a continuous phase.
- the connection wiring pattern, the lower electrode of the FET, the adhesion of the wiring, and the reduction of the manufacturing cost it is preferable to form a continuous phase.
- the antenna pattern, the connection wiring pattern, the lower electrode of the FET, and the wiring pattern are in a continuous phase means that these patterns are integrated and there is no connection interface in the connection portion. It can be confirmed that the connection portion is a continuous phase by observing a cross section of the connection portion with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a transmission electron microscope (TEM), or the like.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- connection portion of the antenna pattern and the connection wiring pattern, and the connection wiring pattern and the lower electrode wiring of the FET are arbitrary.
- DMEA diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate
- DMEA diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate
- Photosensitive paste B was obtained in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1 except that Ag particles having an average particle diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m were used.
- Photosensitive paste C Photosensitive paste C was obtained in the same manner as in Preparation Example 2, except that 20 g of compound P1 was used and compound P3 was not used.
- photosensitive paste D A photosensitive paste D was obtained in the same manner as in Preparation Example 2, except that 40 g of ⁇ -butyrolactone was used.
- Example 1 (1) Preparation of semiconductor solution 0.10 g of poly-3-hexylthiophene (manufactured by Aldrich, regioregular, number average molecular weight (Mn): 13000, hereinafter referred to as P3HT) was added to a flask containing 5 ml of chloroform, A chloroform solution of P3HT was obtained by ultrasonic stirring in a sonic cleaner (US-2 manufactured by Iuchi Seieido Co., Ltd., output 120 W).
- a sonic cleaner US-2 manufactured by Iuchi Seieido Co., Ltd., output 120 W.
- a semiconductor solution for forming the semiconductor layer 7 was prepared.
- the CNT dispersion A was filtered using a membrane filter (pore size 10 ⁇ m, diameter 25 mm, Omnipore membrane manufactured by Millipore) to remove a CNT composite having a length of 10 ⁇ m or more.
- a membrane filter pore size 10 ⁇ m, diameter 25 mm, Omnipore membrane manufactured by Millipore
- dichlorobenzene was added to obtain a semiconductor solution A (CNT complex concentration 0.01 g / l with respect to the solvent).
- gate insulating layer material A 50 g of the obtained gate insulating layer material A was weighed, 16.6 g of propylene glycol monobutyl ether (boiling point: 170 ° C., hereinafter referred to as PGMB) was mixed and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, and gate insulating layer material B (solid content) A concentration of 19.5% by mass) was obtained.
- PGMB propylene glycol monobutyl ether
- the gate insulating layer material B produced by the method described in (2) above is spin-coated (800 rpm ⁇ 20 seconds) on the PET substrate on which the gate electrode is formed, heat-treated at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes, and again.
- the insulating layer solution B was spin-coated (800 rpm ⁇ 20 seconds), and heat-treated at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen stream to form a gate insulating layer having a thickness of 400 nm.
- photosensitive paste A was applied on the gate insulating layer by screen printing, and prebaked at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes in a drying oven. Then, using the exposure apparatus “PEM-8M”, full line exposure is performed from the back side of the substrate with an exposure amount of 70 mJ / cm 2 (wavelength 365 nm conversion), and immersion development is performed for 30 seconds with a 0.5% Na 2 CO 3 solution. After rinsing with ultrapure water, curing was performed in a drying oven at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to produce a source electrode and a drain electrode on the gate insulating layer.
- PEM-8M full line exposure is performed from the back side of the substrate with an exposure amount of 70 mJ / cm 2 (wavelength 365 nm conversion), and immersion development is performed for 30 seconds with a 0.5% Na 2 CO 3 solution. After rinsing with ultrapure water, curing was performed in a drying oven at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to produce a source electrode and a drain electrode on
- the ten-point average roughness Rz of the source electrode and the drain electrode was 1.2 ⁇ m.
- the obtained FET was evaluated by the methods described in [1] to [3], adhesion evaluation, gate electrode / source / drain electrode misalignment evaluation, and FET mobility evaluation.
- the adhesion evaluation result of the gate electrode, the source electrode and the drain electrode was A, and the average value of the positional deviation X between the gate electrode and the source / drain electrode was 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the mobility was 0.6 cm 2 / V ⁇ sec, and the hysteresis was 19.1V.
- the adhesion evaluation result of the gate electrode, the source electrode and the drain electrode was A, and the average value of the positional deviation X between the gate electrode and the source / drain electrode was 0.2 ⁇ m. It was.
- the mobility of the FET was 0.6 cm 2 / V ⁇ sec, and the hysteresis was 18.3 V.
- Example 3 Fabrication of gate insulating layer material 10 g of gate insulating layer material A is weighed and aluminum bis (ethylacetoacetate) mono (2,4-pentanedionate) (trade name “Aluminum Chelate D”, Kawaken Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd. ), 13 g of aluminum chelate D) and 42 g of propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (boiling point: 146 ° C., manufactured by Aldrich, hereinafter referred to as PGMEA), and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain a gate insulating layer material C (solid content concentration 24% by weight) was obtained.
- aluminum bis (ethylacetoacetate) mono (2,4-pentanedionate) trade name “Aluminum Chelate D”, Kawaken Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd.
- 13 g of aluminum chelate D 13 g
- propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate oiling point: 146
- the content of the polysiloxane in this solution was 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the aluminum chelate D.
- the adhesion evaluation result of the gate electrode, the source electrode and the drain electrode was A, and the average value of the positional deviation X between the gate electrode and the source / drain electrode was 0.2 ⁇ m. It was.
- the mobility of the FET was 0.8 cm 2 / V ⁇ sec, and the hysteresis was 11.8 V.
- the adhesion evaluation result of the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode was B, and the average value of the positional deviation X between the gate electrode and the source / drain electrode was 0.5 ⁇ m. It was.
- the mobility of the FET was 0.7 cm 2 / V ⁇ sec, and the hysteresis was 12.8V.
- Example 5 (1) Production of gate insulating layer material 34.1 g (0.25 mol) of MTMSi, 99.2 g (0.5 mol) of PhTMSi, and 30.1 g (0.25 mol) of dimethyldimethoxysilane (hereinafter referred to as DMDMSi) were used. Except for the above, a gate insulating layer material was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a gate insulating layer material D having a solid content concentration of 26.5% by weight.
- DMDMSi dimethyldimethoxysilane
- gate insulating layer material E 50.0 g of the obtained gate insulating layer material D was weighed out, 16.0 g of PGMB was mixed, and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain a gate insulating layer material E.
- the adhesion evaluation result of the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode was A, and the average value of the positional deviation X between the gate electrode and the source / drain electrode was 0.4 ⁇ m. It was.
- the mobility of the FET was 0.3 cm 2 / V ⁇ sec, and the hysteresis was 18.1 V.
- PVP weight average molecular weight
- Mn number average molecular weight
- the adhesion evaluation result of the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode was A, and the average value of the positional deviation X between the gate electrode and the source / drain electrode was 0.4 ⁇ m. It was.
- the mobility of the FET was 0.2 cm 2 / V ⁇ sec, and the hysteresis was 21.9 V.
- Example 7 (1) Preparation of semiconductor solution 1.5 mg of CNT1 and 1.5 mg of sodium dodecyl sulfate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) are added to 30 ml of water, and the output is 250 W using an ultrasonic homogenizer while cooling with ice. The mixture was ultrasonically stirred for 3 hours to obtain a CNT composite dispersion B (CNT composite concentration 0.05 g / l with respect to the solvent). The obtained CNT composite dispersion B was centrifuged at 21000 G for 30 minutes using a centrifuge (Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. CT15E), and then 80 volume% of the supernatant was taken out to obtain a semiconductor solution B. It was.
- the adhesion evaluation result of the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode was A, and the average value of the positional deviation X between the gate electrode and the source / drain electrode was 0.1 ⁇ m. It was.
- the mobility of the FET was 0.1 cm 2 / V ⁇ sec, and the hysteresis was 17.6 V.
- Example 8 (1) Production of RFID Photosensitive paste B was applied by screen printing on a PET substrate (film thickness 50 ⁇ m), and prebaked at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes in a drying oven. Then, full line exposure was performed using an exposure apparatus “PEM-8M” (trade name, manufactured by Union Optics Co., Ltd.) with an exposure amount of 70 mJ / cm 2 (wavelength 365 nm conversion), and 0.5% Na 2 CO 3 solution was used. Immersion development was performed for 30 seconds, rinsed with ultrapure water, and then cured in a drying oven at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to prepare an antenna pattern, a connection wiring pattern, a gate electrode, and wiring on the substrate.
- PEM-8M trade name, manufactured by Union Optics Co., Ltd.
- Example 2 An FET was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 to produce an RFID.
- the 10-point average roughness Rz of the source electrode and the drain electrode was 1.1 ⁇ m.
- the obtained RFID was confirmed to operate as an RFID because of the conduction of a circuit composed of an antenna and an FET.
- the adhesion evaluation result of the gate electrode, the source electrode and the drain electrode was A, and the average value of the positional deviation X between the gate electrode and the source / drain electrode was 0.3 ⁇ m. It was.
- the mobility of the FET was 0.8 cm 2 / V ⁇ sec, and the hysteresis was 10.9 V.
- the evaluation result was A.
- Example 9 (1) Fabrication of FET An FET was fabricated as shown in FIG. Photosensitive paste B was applied on a PET substrate (film thickness 50 ⁇ m) by screen printing, and prebaked at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes in a drying oven. Then, full line exposure was performed using an exposure apparatus “PEM-8M” (trade name, manufactured by Union Optics Co., Ltd.) with an exposure amount of 70 mJ / cm 2 (wavelength 365 nm conversion), and 0.5% Na 2 CO 3 solution was used. Immersion development was performed for 30 seconds, and after rinsing with ultrapure water, curing was performed at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes in a drying oven to prepare a source electrode and a drain electrode on the substrate.
- PEM-8M trade name, manufactured by Union Optics Co., Ltd.
- the gate insulating layer material C is spin-coated (800 rpm ⁇ 20 seconds) on the PET substrate on which the source and drain electrodes and the semiconductor layer are formed, heat-treated at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes, and then the insulating layer solution B is again applied.
- a gate insulating layer having a thickness of 400 nm was formed by spin coating (800 rpm ⁇ 20 seconds) and heat treatment at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen stream.
- the photosensitive paste B was applied on the gate insulating layer by screen printing, and prebaked at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes in a drying oven. Then, using the exposure apparatus “PEM-8M”, full line exposure is performed from the back side of the substrate with an exposure amount of 70 mJ / cm 2 (wavelength 365 nm conversion), and immersion development is performed for 30 seconds with a 0.5% Na 2 CO 3 solution. After rinsing with ultrapure water, curing was performed at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes in a drying oven to form a gate electrode on the gate insulating layer, thereby obtaining an FET.
- PEM-8M full line exposure is performed from the back side of the substrate with an exposure amount of 70 mJ / cm 2 (wavelength 365 nm conversion), and immersion development is performed for 30 seconds with a 0.5% Na 2 CO 3 solution. After rinsing with ultrapure water, curing was performed at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes in a drying oven to form a gate electrode on the
- the ten-point average roughness Rz of the source electrode and the drain electrode was 1.1 ⁇ m, and the distance between the source electrode and the drain electrode was 20 ⁇ m.
- the adhesion evaluation result of the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode was A.
- the average value of the positional deviations X between the gate electrode and the source / drain electrodes was 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the mobility of the FET was 0.7 cm 2 / V ⁇ sec, and the hysteresis was 10.1 V.
- Example 10 (1) Production of FET Photosensitive paste D was applied by screen printing on a PET substrate (film thickness 50 ⁇ m), and prebaked at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes in a drying oven. Then, full line exposure was performed using an exposure apparatus “PEM-8M” (trade name, manufactured by Union Optics Co., Ltd.) with an exposure amount of 70 mJ / cm 2 (wavelength 365 nm conversion), and 0.5% Na 2 CO 3 solution was used. Immersion development was performed for 30 seconds, rinsed with ultrapure water, and then cured in a drying oven at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to produce a gate electrode having a thickness of 210 nm on the substrate. Otherwise, an FET was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 2.
- PEM-8M trade name, manufactured by Union Optics Co., Ltd.
- the 10-point average roughness Rz of the source electrode and the drain electrode was 1.0 ⁇ m, and the distance between the source electrode and the drain electrode was 16 ⁇ m.
- the adhesion evaluation result of the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode was A.
- the average value of the positional deviations X between the gate electrode and the source / drain electrodes was 1.9 ⁇ m.
- the mobility of the FET was 0.4 cm 2 / V ⁇ sec, and the hysteresis was 11.7 V.
- the adhesion evaluation result of the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode was A.
- the average value of the positional deviation X between the gate electrode and the source / drain electrode was 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the mobility of the FET was 0.7 cm 2 / V ⁇ sec, and the hysteresis was 10.1 V.
- the adhesion evaluation result of the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode was A.
- the average value of the positional deviations X between the gate electrode and the source / drain electrodes was 0.9 ⁇ m.
- the mobility of the FET was 0.8 cm 2 / V ⁇ sec, and the hysteresis was 10.6 V.
- Example 13 Fabrication of FET
- the gate insulating layer material C is spin-coated (500 rpm ⁇ 20 seconds) on a PET substrate on which a gate electrode is formed, heat-treated at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes, and then the insulating layer solution C is spin-coated again.
- the FET was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 2 except that a gate insulating layer having a thickness of 1100 nm was formed by heat treatment at 500 rpm for 20 seconds at 200 ° C. under a nitrogen stream.
- the 10-point average roughness Rz of the source electrode and the drain electrode was 1.0 ⁇ m, and the distance between the source electrode and the drain electrode was 17 ⁇ m.
- the adhesion evaluation result of the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode was A.
- the average value of the positional deviation X between the gate electrode and the source / drain electrode was 1.6 ⁇ m.
- the mobility of the FET was 0.7 cm 2 / V ⁇ sec, and the hysteresis was 10.2 V.
- Example 14 (1) Fabrication of FET An FET was fabricated as shown in FIG. Photosensitive paste B was applied on a PET substrate (film thickness 50 ⁇ m) by screen printing, and prebaked at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes in a drying oven. Then, full line exposure was performed using an exposure apparatus “PEM-8M” (trade name, manufactured by Union Optics Co., Ltd.) with an exposure amount of 70 mJ / cm 2 (wavelength 365 nm conversion), and 0.5% Na 2 CO 3 solution was used. Immersion development was performed for 30 seconds, rinsed with ultrapure water, and then cured in a drying oven at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to produce a gate electrode on the substrate.
- PEM-8M trade name, manufactured by Union Optics Co., Ltd.
- the gate insulating layer material B produced by the method described in (2) above is spin-coated (800 rpm ⁇ 20 seconds) on the PET substrate on which the gate electrode is formed, heat-treated at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes, and again.
- the insulating layer solution B was spin-coated (800 rpm ⁇ 20 seconds), and heat-treated at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen stream to form a gate insulating layer having a thickness of 400 nm.
- the photosensitive paste B was applied on the gate insulating layer by screen printing, and prebaked at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes in a drying oven. Thereafter, full line exposure was performed using an exposure apparatus “PEM-8M” with an exposure amount of 70 mJ / cm 2 (converted to a wavelength of 365 nm) from the back side of the substrate. Next, full-line exposure was performed from the substrate surface side with an exposure amount of 30 mJ / cm 2 (wavelength 365 nm conversion). Next, immersion development is performed with a 0.5% Na 2 CO 3 solution for 30 seconds, rinsed with ultrapure water, and then cured in a drying oven at 140 ° C.
- the 10-point average roughness Rz of the source electrode and the drain electrode was 0.2 ⁇ m, and the distance between the source electrode and the drain electrode was 20 ⁇ m.
- the adhesion evaluation result of the gate electrode, the source electrode and the drain electrode was A, and the average value of the positional deviation X between the gate electrode and the source / drain electrode was 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the mobility was 1.1 cm 2 / V ⁇ sec, and the hysteresis was 10.1 V.
- Example 15 (1) Production of gate insulating layer material 13.12 g (0.05 mol) of 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride (hereinafter referred to as SucSi), 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (hereinafter referred to as AcrSi) 93 .73 g (0.40 mol) and PhTMSi 109.06 g (0.55 mol) were dissolved in 215.91 g of PGMEA, and 54.90 g of water and 0.864 g of phosphoric acid were added to the mixture with stirring. The obtained solution was heated at a bath temperature of 105 ° C.
- SucSi 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride
- AcrSi 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane
- PhTMSi 109.06 g 0.864 g of phosphoric acid
- a gate insulating layer material G was obtained. 10 g of the obtained gate insulating layer material G was weighed out, 0.83 g of PGMEA was mixed, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain a gate insulating layer material H (solid content concentration: 24% by weight).
- the adhesion evaluation result of the gate electrode, the source electrode and the drain electrode was A, and the average value of the positional deviation X between the gate electrode and the source / drain electrode was 0.3 ⁇ m. It was.
- the mobility of the FET was 1.2 cm 2 / V ⁇ sec, and the hysteresis was 5.8 V.
- the fabricated FET was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the adhesion evaluation of the gate electrode was B, the adhesion evaluation result of the source electrode and the drain electrode was A, and the average value of the positional deviation X between the gate electrode and the source / drain electrode. was 0.4 ⁇ m.
- the mobility of the FET was 1.1 cm 2 / V ⁇ sec, and the hysteresis was 9.8 V.
- Comparative Example 1 (1) Fabrication of FET An FET was fabricated as shown in FIG. On a glass substrate (film thickness 0.7 mm), Al was vacuum-deposited with a thickness of 150 nm through a mask by a resistance heating method, and a gate electrode was produced on the substrate.
- the gate insulating layer material C is spin-coated (800 rpm ⁇ 20 seconds) on the substrate on which the gate electrode is formed, and after heat treatment at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes, the insulating layer solution C is spin-coated again (800 rpm ⁇ 20). Second) and heat-treated at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes under a nitrogen stream, thereby forming a gate insulating layer having a thickness of 400 nm.
- gold is vacuum-deposited to a thickness of 50 nm on the gate insulating layer by a resistance heating method, and a photoresist (trade name “LC100-10cP”, Rohm and Haas Co., Ltd.) is formed thereon.
- the product was spin-coated (1000 rpm ⁇ 20 seconds) and dried by heating at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- the prepared photoresist film was subjected to pattern exposure through a mask using a parallel light mask aligner (PLA-501F manufactured by Canon Inc.) and then using an automatic developing device (AD-2000 manufactured by Takizawa Sangyo Co., Ltd.). It was subjected to shower development for 70 seconds using ELM-D (trade name, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.), which is an aqueous 2.38 mass% tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution, and then washed with water for 30 seconds. Thereafter, etching was performed for 5 minutes using an etching solution AURUM-302 (trade name, manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.), followed by washing with water for 30 seconds.
- ELM-D trade name, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.
- AZ Remover 100 (trade name, manufactured by AZ Electronic Materials Co., Ltd.) for 5 minutes to remove the resist, wash it with water for 30 seconds, and heat and dry at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes to remove the source and drain electrodes. Formed. The distance between the source electrode and the drain electrode was 20 ⁇ m.
- the adhesion evaluation result of the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode was C, and the average value of the positional deviation X between the gate electrode and the source / drain electrode was 5.3 ⁇ m. It was.
- the mobility of the FET was 0.04 cm 2 / V ⁇ sec, and the hysteresis was 11.9 V.
- Comparative Example 2 (1) Fabrication of FET An FET was fabricated as shown in FIG. Photosensitive paste B was applied on a PET substrate (film thickness 50 ⁇ m) by screen printing, and prebaked at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes in a drying oven. Then, full line exposure was performed using an exposure apparatus “PEM-8M” (trade name, manufactured by Union Optics Co., Ltd.) with an exposure amount of 70 mJ / cm 2 (wavelength 365 nm conversion), and 0.5% Na 2 CO 3 solution was used. Immersion development was performed for 30 seconds, rinsed with ultrapure water, and then cured in a drying oven at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to produce a gate electrode on the substrate.
- PEM-8M trade name, manufactured by Union Optics Co., Ltd.
- the gate insulating layer material C is spin-coated (800 rpm ⁇ 20 seconds) on the substrate on which the gate electrode is formed, and after heat treatment at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes, the insulating layer solution C is spin-coated again (800 rpm ⁇ 20). Second) and heat-treated at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes under a nitrogen stream, thereby forming a gate insulating layer having a thickness of 400 nm.
- photosensitive paste B was applied by screen printing so as to cover the semiconductor layer on the gate insulating layer, and prebaked at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes in a drying oven. Then, using the exposure apparatus “PEM-8M”, full line exposure is performed from the back side of the substrate with an exposure amount of 70 mJ / cm 2 (wavelength 365 nm conversion), and immersion development is performed for 30 seconds with a 0.5% Na 2 CO 3 solution. After rinsing with ultrapure water, curing was performed at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes in a drying oven to produce a source electrode and a drain electrode on the gate insulating layer, thereby obtaining an FET.
- PEM-8M full line exposure is performed from the back side of the substrate with an exposure amount of 70 mJ / cm 2 (wavelength 365 nm conversion), and immersion development is performed for 30 seconds with a 0.5% Na 2 CO 3 solution. After rinsing with ultrapure water, curing was performed at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes in
- a development residue of the photosensitive paste B on the semiconductor layer was partially confirmed.
- the adhesion evaluation result of the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode was A, and the average value of the positional deviation X between the gate electrode and the source / drain electrode was 0.3 ⁇ m.
- the mobility of the FET was 0.05 cm 2 / V ⁇ sec, and the hysteresis was 13.1 V.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の実施の形態に係る電界効果型トランジスタ(FET)の製造方法の第一の例は、以下の(a)から(f)の工程を含む。
(a)基板の表面上にゲート電極を形成する工程、
(b)ゲート電極上にゲート絶縁層を形成する工程、
(c)ゲート絶縁層上に導電体と感光性有機成分とを含有する導電膜を塗布法により形成する工程、
(d)基板の裏面側から前記ゲート電極をマスクとして露光する工程、
(e)露光された導電膜を現像してソース電極およびドレイン電極を形成する工程、
(f)ソース電極とドレイン電極の間に半導体層を塗布法により形成する工程。
(A)基板の表面上にソース電極およびドレイン電極を形成する工程、
(B)ソース電極とドレイン電極の間に半導体層を塗布法により形成する工程、
(C)ソース電極、ドレイン電極および半導体層上にゲート絶縁層を形成する工程、
(D)ゲート絶縁層上に導電体と感光性有機成分とを含有する導電膜を塗布法により形成する工程、
(E)基板の裏面側からソース電極およびドレイン電極をマスクとして導電膜を露光する工程、
(F)露光された導電膜を現像してゲート電極を形成する工程。
式(a)を満たす場合、導電膜4に十分な強度の光が露光されることで、導電膜4の光硬化が促進され、加工精度が向上する。なお、式(a)の左辺は吸光度を表しており、吸光度は分光光度計により測定できる。
基板に用いられる材料は、特に制限はないが、少なくとも電極が配置される面が絶縁性であるものが好ましい。また、露光に用いられる光を50%以上透過する材料からなることが好ましく、80%以上透過する材料がさらに好ましい。
ポリイミド(PI)樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリアミドイミド樹脂、ポリエーテルイミド樹脂、ポリエーテルケトン樹脂、ポリサルフォン樹脂、ポリフェニレンサルファイド(PPS)樹脂、シクロオレフィン樹脂などの樹脂;
を含む基材が好適に用いられるが、これらに限定されない。
下部電極は、電極として使用されうる導電体を含むものであればいかなるものでもよいが、遮光性を有していることが好ましい。ここで遮光性とは、導電膜を露光する際に用いられる光の波長における透過率が10%以下であることを意味し、中でも透過率1%以下が好ましく、0.1%以下がさらに好ましい。
白金、金、銀、銅、鉄、錫、亜鉛、アルミニウム、インジウム、クロム、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、セシウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム、パラジウム、モリブデン、タングステン、アモルファスシリコンやポリシリコンなどの金属やこれらの合金;
ヨウ化銅、硫化銅などの無機導電性化合物;
ポリチオフェン、ポリピロール、ポリアニリン、ポリエチレンジオキシチオフェンとポリスチレンスルホン酸の錯体などの導電性ポリマー;
および、カーボンなどの炭素材料、有機成分と導電体とを含有する材料などが挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。導電性ポリマーは、ヨウ素などのドーピングなどで導電率を向上させることが好ましい。
ゲート絶縁層に用いられる材料は、特に限定されないが、酸化シリコン、アルミナ等の無機材料;ポリイミド、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルクロライド、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリシロキサン、ポリビニルフェノール(PVP)等の有機高材料;あるいは無機材料粉末と有機材料の混合物を挙げることができる。中でも、ケイ素原子と炭素原子の結合を含む有機化合物を含むものが好ましい。また、ケイ素原子と炭素原子の結合を含む有機化合物と、金属原子および酸素原子の結合を含む金属化合物とを含むものも好ましい。
ここで、R1は水素原子、アルキル基、複素環基、アリール基またはアルケニル基を示す。R1が複数存在する場合、それぞれのR1は同じでも異なっていてもよい。R2は水素原子、アルキル基、アシル基またはアリール基を示す。R2が複数存在する場合、それぞれのR2は同じでも異なっていてもよい。mは1~3の整数を示す。
ここで、R3は1つ以上のエポキシ基を鎖の一部に有するアルキル基を示す。R3が複数存在する場合、それぞれのR3は同じでも異なっていてもよい。R4は水素原子、アルキル基、複素環基、アリール基またはアルケニル基を示す。R4が複数存在する場合、それぞれのR4は同じでも異なっていてもよい。R5は水素原子、アルキル基、アシル基またはアリール基を示す。R5が複数存在する場合、それぞれのR5は同じでも異なっていてもよい。lは0~2の整数、nは1または2を示す。ただし、l+n≦3である。
ここで、R6は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、複素環基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基またはアルケニル基を表す。R7は、水素原子、アルキル基、アシル基またはアリール基を表す。kは0又は1を表す。A1は、カルボキシル基、スルホ基、チオール基、フェノール性水酸基又はそれらの誘導体を少なくとも二つ含む有機基を表す。ただし、前記誘導体が、前記カルボキシル基、スルホ基、チオール基およびフェノール性水酸基のうちの二つによる環状縮合構造である場合は、A1は当該環状縮合構造を少なくとも一つ有する有機基を表す。
中でも、半導体溶液の塗布性向上、低ヒステリシス及びゲート絶縁層の耐クラック性の観点から、カルボキシル基又はその誘導体を少なくとも二つ、若しくは環状の酸無水物基を少なくとも一つ有するシラン化合物由来の構造単位が好ましく、コハク酸、コハク酸無水物構造又はそれらの誘導体を有するシラン化合物由来の構造単位がより好ましく、コハク酸又はコハク酸無水物構造をするシラン化合物由来の構造単位がさらに好ましく、3-ジメトキシメチルシリルプロピルコハク酸、3-ジエトキシメチルシリルプロピルコハク酸、3-ジメトキシフェニルシリルプロピルコハク酸、3-ジエトキシフェニルシリルプロピルコハク酸、3-トリメトキシシリルプロピルコハク酸、3-トリエトキシシリルプロピルコハク酸及びこれらの無水物由来の構造単位がさらに好ましく、3-トリメトキシシリルプロピルコハク酸、3-トリエトキシシリルプロピルコハク酸及びこれらの無水物由来の構造単位が特に好ましい。
一般式(6)において、R10は、水素原子、アルキル基、複素環基、アリール基、またはアルケニル基を表す。R11は、水素原子、アルキル基、アシル基またはアリール基を表す。jは0又は1を表す。B1は、アクリル基及び/又はメタクリル基同士の付加反応構造を含む有機基を表す。
ここで、R12は1価の2座配位子を示す。R12が複数存在する場合、それぞれのR12は同じでも異なっていてもよい。R13は水素、アルキル基、アシル基またはアリール基を示す。R13が複数存在する場合、それぞれのR13は同じでも異なっていてもよい。Mはy価の金属原子を示す。yは1~6である。xは1~yの整数を示す。
ここで、R14は一般式(7)におけるR12と同じであり、それぞれのR14は同じでも異なっていてもよい。
上部電極は、主として導電体と感光性有機成分を含有した感光性ペーストを塗布し導電膜4を形成した後、パターニングすることによって得られる。
上部電極に用いられる導電体としては、電極として使用されうる導電材料であればいかなるものでもよいが、具体的には、金、銀、銅、白金、鉛、錫、ニッケル、アルミニウム、タングステン、モリブデン、酸化ルテニウム、クロム、チタン、およびインジウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属を含む金属粒子、およびカーボンが好ましい。これらを単独で用いても、混合して用いても、これらの複数の金属からなる合金を含む金属粒子を用いても良い。
感光性有機成分は、分子内に重合性不飽和基を有するモノマー、オリゴマーもしくはポリマーを含むものが好ましい。
上部電極の幅、厚みは任意である。電極パターンの形成容易性の観点から、電極幅は10μm以上10mm以下が好ましく、厚みは0.01μm以上100μm以下が好ましいが、これに限らない。
半導体層に用いられる材料は、半導体性を示す材料であれば特に限定されず、キャリア移動度の高い材料が好ましく用いられる。また、低コストで簡便な塗布プロセスが適用できるものが好ましく、有機半導体やカーボン材料が好ましい例として挙げられる。
ポリ-3-ヘキシルチオフェン、ポリベンゾチオフェンなどのポリチオフェン類、ポリ(2,5-ビス(2-チエニル)-3,6-ジペンタデシルチエノ[3,2-b]チオフェン)、ポリ(4,8-ジヘキシル-2,6-ビス(3-ヘキシルチオフェン-2-イル)ベンゾ[1,2-b:4,5-b’]ジチオフェン)、ポリ(4-オクチル-2-(3-オクチルチオフェン-2-イル)チアゾール)、ポリ(5,5’-ビス(4-オクチルチアゾール-2-イル)-2,2’-ビチオフェン)などのチオフェンユニットを主鎖中に含む化合物;
ポリピロール類、ポリ(p-フェニレンビニレン)などのポリ(p-フェニレンビニレン)類、ポリアニリン類、ポリアセチレン類、ポリジアセチレン類、ポリカルバゾール類、ポリフラン、ポリベンゾフランなどのポリフラン類;
ピリジン、キノリン、フェナントロリン、オキサゾール、オキサジアゾールなどの含窒素芳香環を構成単位とするポリヘテロアリール類;
アントラセン、ピレン、ナフタセン、ペンタセン、ヘキサセン、ルブレンなどの縮合多環芳香族化合物;
フラン、チオフェン、ベンゾチオフェン、ジベンゾフラン、ピリジン、キノリン、フェナントロリン、オキサゾール、オキサジアゾールなどの複素芳香族化合物;
4,4’-ビス(N-(3-メチルフェニル)-N-フェニルアミノ)ビフェニルに代表される芳香族アミン誘導体;
ビス(N-アリルカルバゾール)またはビス(N-アルキルカルバゾール)などのビスカルバゾール誘導体;
ピラゾリン誘導体、スチルベン系化合物、ヒドラゾン系化合物;
銅フタロシアニンなどの金属フタロシアニン類;
銅ポルフィリンなどの金属ポルフィリン類;
ジスチリルベンゼン誘導体、アミノスチリル誘導体、芳香族アセチレン誘導体;
ナフタレン-1,4,5,8-テトラカルボン酸ジイミド、ペリレン-3,4,9,10-テトラカルボン酸ジイミドなどの縮合環テトラカルボン酸ジイミド類;
メロシアニン、フェノキサジン、ローダミンなどの有機色素;
などが挙げられる。これらを2種以上含有してもよい。
エチレングリゴールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノn-ブチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノt-ブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールエチルメチルエーテル等のエーテル類;
エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピルアセテート、ブチルアセテート、イソブチルアセテート、3-メトキシブチルアセテート、3-メチル-3-メトキシブチルアセテート、乳酸メチル、乳酸エチル、乳酸ブチル等のエステル類;
アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルプロピルケトン、メチルブチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、シクロペンタノン、2-ヘプタノン等のケトン類;
ブチルアルコール、イソブチルアルコール、ペンタノール、4-メチル-2-ペンタノール、3-メチル-2-ブタノール、3-メチル-3-メトキシブタノール、ジアセトンアルコール等のアルコール類;
トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素類
が挙げられる。これらを2種以上用いてもよい。
ただしIdはソース・ドレイン間の電流、Vsdはソース・ドレイン間の電圧、Vgはゲート電圧、Dはゲート絶縁層の厚み、Lはチャネル長、Wはチャネル幅、εrはゲート絶縁層の比誘電率、εは真空の誘電率(8.85×10-12F/m)である。
次に、上記の方法で得られるFETを含有する無線通信装置の製造方法について説明する。この方法は、上記の製造方法で電界効果型トランジスタを形成する工程と、その電界効果型トランジスタが形成される、基板の表面上にアンテナパターンを形成する工程と、を含む。電界効果型トランジスタとアンテナパターンの形成順序は問わない。なお、本発明においてアンテナとは電波を送受信するための物である。
図6を参照して説明する。FETを形成した基板21について、FETを形成した面上の中央部に直径30mmの金属円柱20を固定し、この円柱に沿って、円柱の抱き角0°(サンプルが平面の状態)の状態に置き(図6(a)参照)、円柱への抱き角が180°(円柱で折り返した状態)となるまで(図6(b)参照)、折り曲げ動作を行った。耐屈曲性は、曲げ動作前後のFETの下部電極、上部電極、およびアンテナパターンを光学顕微鏡で観察し、以下の基準で評価を行った。
A(良好):折り曲げ動作を500回繰り返しても下部電極、上部電極、およびアンテナパターンに剥がれ、欠けが見られない。
B(可):折り曲げ動作を100回繰り返しても下部電極、上部電極、およびアンテナパターンに剥がれ、欠けが見られない。
C(不可):折り曲げ動作の繰り返しが100回未満で、下部電極、上部電極、およびアンテナパターンの少なくとも一部に剥がれ、欠けが見られた。
図7、8を参照して説明する。形成したFETについて、任意の20素子の断面を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いて観察し、ゲート電極2とソース電極5またはドレイン電極6との重なり部の長さXを各素子で測定した。20個の素子のXの平均値を求めた。
FETのゲート電圧(Vg)を変えたときのソース・ドレイン間電流(Id)-ソース・ドレイン間電圧(Vsd)特性を測定した。測定には半導体特性評価システム4200-SCS型(ケースレーインスツルメンツ(株)製)を用い、大気下で測定した。Vg=+20V~-20Vに変化させたときのVsd=-5VにおけるIdの値の変化から移動度を求めた。
FETのゲート電圧(Vg)を変えたときのソース・ドレイン間電流(Id)-ソース・ドレイン間電圧(Vsd)特性を測定し、Vgを正から負へと印加した際のId=10-8Aにおけるゲート電圧Vg1と、Vgを負から正へと印加した際のId=10-8Aにおけるゲート電圧Vg2との差の絶対値|Vg1-Vg2|から、ヒステリシスを求めた。
ソース電極およびドレイン電極の表面粗さを測定した。測定には、表面形状測定装置(サーフコム1400 東京精密(株)製)を用い、ソース電極およびドレイン電極の表面上の粗さ曲線を取得した。取得した粗さ曲線を、走査方向に1mmだけを抜き取り、この抜き取り部分の、高さ方向の平均線を基準とし、最も高い山頂から高い順に5番目までの山高さの平均と、最も低い谷底から低い順に5番目までの谷底の谷深さの絶対値の平均値との和を十点平均粗さRzとした。
共重合比率(質量基準):エチルアクリレート(以下、「EA」)/メタクリル酸2-エチルヘキシル(以下、「2-EHMA」)/スチレン(以下、「St」)/グリシジルメタクリレート(以下、「GMA」)/アクリル酸(以下、「AA」)=20/40/20/5/15。
共重合比率(質量基準):2官能エポキシアクリレートモノマー(エポキシエステル3002A;共栄社化学(株)製)/2官能エポキシアクリレートモノマー(エポキシエステル70PA;共栄社化学(株)製)/GMA/St/AA=20/40/5/20/15。
化合物P2のウレタン変性化合物
窒素雰囲気の反応容器中に、100gのジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート(以下、「DMEA」)を仕込み、オイルバスを用いて80℃まで昇温した。これに、感光性成分P2を10g、3.5gのn-ヘキシルイソシアネートおよび10gのDMEAからなる混合物を、1時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、さらに3時間反応を行った。得られた反応溶液をメタノールで精製することで未反応不純物を除去し、さらに24時間真空乾燥することで、ウレタン結合を有する化合物P3を得た。
100mlクリーンボトルに、上記により得られた化合物P1を16g、化合物P3を4g、光重合開始剤OXE-01(BASFジャパン株式会社製)4g、酸発生剤SI-110(三新化学工業株式会社製)を0.6g、γ-ブチロラクトン(三菱ガス化学株式会社製)を10g入れ、自転-公転真空ミキサー“あわとり練太郎”(登録商標)(ARE-310;(株)シンキー製)で混合し、感光性樹脂溶液34.6g(固形分78.5質量%)を得た。得られた感光性樹脂溶液8.0gと平均粒子径2μmのAg粒子42.0gを混ぜ合わせ、3本ローラー“EXAKT M-50”(商品名、EXAKT社製)を用いて混練し、50gの感光性ペーストAを得た。
平均粒子径0.2μmのAg粒子を用いたこと以外は、調整例1と同様の方法で、感光性ペーストBを得た。
化合物P1を20g用い、化合物P3を用いないこと以外は、調整例2と同様の方法で、感光性ペーストCを得た。
γ-ブチロラクトンを40g用いたこと以外は、調整例2と同様の方法で、感光性ペーストDを得た。
(1)半導体溶液の作製
ポリ-3-ヘキシルチオフェン(アルドリッチ社製、レジオレギュラー、数平均分子量(Mn):13000、以下P3HTという)0.10gをクロロホルム5mlの入ったフラスコの中に加え、超音波洗浄機(井内盛栄堂(株)製US-2、出力120W)中で超音波撹拌することによりP3HTのクロロホルム溶液を得た。次いでこの溶液をスポイトにとり、メタノール20mlと0.1規定塩酸10mlの混合溶液の中に0.5mlずつ滴下して、再沈殿を行った。固体になったP3HTを0.1μm孔径のメンブレンフィルター(PTFE社製:4フッ化エチレン)によって濾別捕集し、メタノールでよくすすいだ後、真空乾燥により溶媒を除去した。さらにもう一度溶解と再沈殿を行い、90mgの再沈殿P3HTを得た。
メチルトリメトキシシラン(以下、MTMSiという)61.29g(0.45モル)、β-(3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシラン(以下、β-EpETMSiという)12.31g(0.05モル)、およびフェニルトリメトキシシラン(以下、PhTMSiという)99.15g(0.5モル)をプロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル(沸点170℃)203.36gに溶解し、これに、水54.90g、リン酸0.864gを撹拌しながら加えた。得られた溶液をバス温105℃で2時間加熱し、内温を90℃まで上げて、主として副生するメタノールからなる成分を留出せしめた。次いでバス温130℃で2.0時間加熱し、内温を118℃まで上げて、主として水とプロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテルからなる成分を留出せしめた後、室温まで冷却し、固形分濃度26.0質量%のゲート絶縁層材料Aを得た。
図1に示すようにFETの作製を行った。PET基板(膜厚50μm)上に、感光性ペーストAをスクリーン印刷で塗布し、乾燥オーブンで100℃、10分プリベークを行った。その後、露光装置“PEM-8M”(商品名、ユニオン光学(株)製)を用いて露光量70mJ/cm2(波長365nm換算)で全線露光を行い、0.5%Na2CO3溶液で30秒間浸漬現像を行い、超純水でリンス後、乾燥オーブンで140℃、30分間キュアを行い、基板上にゲート電極を作製した。
(1)FETの作製
ゲート電極の形成に感光性ペーストB、ソース電極およびドレイン電極の形成に感光性ペーストBを使用したこと以外は実施例1と同様にFETを作製した。その際、基板裏面側から露光する露光光の強度I0と、基板、基板表面上に形成されたゲート電極およびゲート絶縁層を透過した光の強度Iとの関係は、-LOG10(I/I0)=3.1であった。また、ソース電極およびドレイン電極の十点平均粗さRzは、1.1μmであった。
(1)ゲート絶縁層材料の作製
ゲート絶縁層材料Aを10gはかり取り、アルミニウムビス(エチルアセトアセテート)モノ(2,4-ペンタンジオナート)(商品名「アルミキレートD」、川研ファインケミカル(株)製、以下アルミキレートDという)13gとプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート(沸点:146℃、アルドリッチ社製、以下、PGMEAという)42gを混合して、室温にて2時間撹拌し、ゲート絶縁層材料C(固形分濃度24重量%)を得た。本溶液中の上記ポリシロキサンの含有量はアルミキレートD 100重量部に対して20重量部であった。前記ゲート絶縁層材料Cを大気中、室温で保存したところ、1ヶ月たっても析出物は観察されず安定であった。
ゲート絶縁層材料Bの代わりにゲート絶縁層材料Cを使用したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にFETを作製した。その際、基板裏面側から露光する露光光の強度I0と、基板、基板表面上に形成されたゲート電極およびゲート絶縁層を透過した光の強度Iとの関係は、-LOG10(I/I0)=2.8であった。また、ソース電極およびドレイン電極の十点平均粗さRzは、1.1μmであった。
(1)FETの作製
ゲート電極の形成に感光性ペーストC、ソース電極およびドレイン電極の形成に感光性ペーストCを使用したこと以外は実施例4と同様にFETを作製した。その際、基板裏面側から露光する露光光の強度I0と、基板、基板表面上に形成されたゲート電極およびゲート絶縁層を透過した光の強度Iとの関係は、-LOG10(I/I0)=2.3であった。また、ソース電極およびドレイン電極の十点平均粗さRzは、1.3μmであった。
(1)ゲート絶縁層材料の作製
MTMSi34.1g(0.25モル)、PhTMSi99.2g(0.5モル)およびジメチルジメトキシシラン(以下DMDMSiという)30.1g(0.25モル)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてゲート絶縁層材料を合成し、固形分濃度26.5重量%のゲート絶縁層材料Dを得た。
ゲート絶縁層材料Bの代わりにゲート絶縁層材料Eを使用したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にFETを作製した。その際、基板裏面側から露光する露光光の強度I0と、基板、基板表面上に形成されたゲート電極およびゲート絶縁層を透過した光の強度Iとの関係は、-LOG10(I/I0)=3.1であった。また、ソース電極およびドレイン電極の十点平均粗さRzは、1.1μmであった。
(1)ゲート絶縁層材料の作製
ポリビニルフェノール(アルドリッチ社製、重量平均分子量(Mw):20000、以下PVPという)、ポリメラミンコホルムアルデヒド(アルドリッチ社製、数平均分子量(Mn):432、以下PMFという)およびPGMEAを、PVP:PMF:PGMEA=10:5:100の重量比で混合し、ゲート絶縁層材料Fとした。
ゲート絶縁層材料Bの代わりにゲート絶縁層材料Fを使用したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にFETを作製した。その際、基板裏面側から露光する露光光の強度I0と、基板、基板表面上に形成されたゲート電極およびゲート絶縁層を透過した光の強度Iとの関係は、-LOG10(I/I0)=2.9であった。また、ソース電極およびドレイン電極の十点平均粗さRzは、1.1μmであった。
(1)半導体溶液の作製
CNT1を1.5mgと、ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム((株)和光純薬工業製)1.5mgを30mlの水中に加え、氷冷しながら超音波ホモジナイザーを用いて出力250Wで3時間超音波撹拌し、CNT複合体分散液B(溶媒に対するCNT複合体濃度0.05g/l)を得た。得られたCNT複合体分散液Bを遠心分離機(日立工機(株)製CT15E)を用いて、21000Gで30分間遠心分離した後、上澄みの80体積%を取り出すことにより半導体溶液Bを得た。
半導体溶液Aの代わりに半導体溶液Bを使用したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にFETを作製した。その際、基板裏面側から露光する露光光の強度I0と、基板、基板表面上に形成されたゲート電極およびゲート絶縁層を透過した光の強度Iとの関係は、-LOG10(I/I0)=3.3であった。また、ソース電極およびドレイン電極の十点平均粗さRzは、1.0μmであった。
(1)RFIDの作製
PET基板(膜厚50μm)上に、感光性ペーストBをスクリーン印刷で塗布し、乾燥オーブンで100℃、10分プリベークを行った。その後、露光装置“PEM-8M”(商品名、ユニオン光学(株)製)を用いて露光量70mJ/cm2(波長365nm換算)で全線露光を行い、0.5%Na2CO3溶液で30秒間浸漬現像を行い、超純水でリンス後、乾燥オーブンで140℃、30分間キュアを行い、基板上にアンテナパターンおよび接続配線パターン、ゲート電極、配線を作製した。その後は、実施例2と同様にFETを作製し、RFIDを作製した。その際、基板裏面側から露光する露光光の強度I0と、基板、基板表面上に形成されたゲート電極およびゲート絶縁層を透過した光の強度Iとの関係は、-LOG10(I/I0)=3.2であった。また、ソース電極およびドレイン電極の十点平均粗さRzは、1.1μmであった。得られたRFIDは、アンテナとFETから構成される回路の導通があり、RFIDとして動作することを確認した。
(1)FETの作製
図2に示すようにFETの作製を行った。PET基板(膜厚50μm)上に、感光性ペーストBをスクリーン印刷で塗布し、乾燥オーブンで100℃、10分プリベークを行った。その後、露光装置“PEM-8M”(商品名、ユニオン光学(株)製)を用いて露光量70mJ/cm2(波長365nm換算)で全線露光を行い、0.5%Na2CO3溶液で30秒間浸漬現像を行い、超純水でリンス後、乾燥オーブンで140℃、30分間キュアを行い、基板上にソース電極およびドレイン電極を作製した。
(1)FETの作製
PET基板(膜厚50μm)上に、感光性ペーストDをスクリーン印刷で塗布し、乾燥オーブンで100℃、10分プリベークを行った。その後、露光装置“PEM-8M”(商品名、ユニオン光学(株)製)を用いて露光量70mJ/cm2(波長365nm換算)で全線露光を行い、0.5%Na2CO3溶液で30秒間浸漬現像を行い、超純水でリンス後、乾燥オーブンで140℃、30分間キュアを行い、基板上に膜厚210nmのゲート電極を作製した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にFETを作製した。その際、基板裏面側から露光する露光光の強度I0と、基板、基板表面上に形成されたゲート電極およびゲート絶縁層を透過した光の強度Iとの関係は、-LOG10(I/I0)=1.7であった。また、ソース電極およびドレイン電極の十点平均粗さRzは、1.0μm、ソース電極とドレイン電極の間隔は16μmであった。
(1)FETの作製
PET基板(膜厚342μm)上に、FETを形成したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にFETを作製した。その際、基板裏面側から露光する露光光の強度I0と、基板、基板表面上に形成されたゲート電極およびゲート絶縁層を透過した光の強度Iとの関係は、-LOG10(I/I0)=3.2であった。また、ソース電極およびドレイン電極の十点平均粗さRzは、1.1μm、ソース電極とドレイン電極の間隔は18μmであった。
(1)FETの作製
PET基板(膜厚188μm)上に、FETを形成したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にFETを作製した。その際、基板裏面側から露光する露光光の強度I0と、基板、基板表面上に形成されたゲート電極およびゲート絶縁層を透過した光の強度Iとの関係は、-LOG10(I/I0)=3.1であった。また、ソース電極およびドレイン電極の十点平均粗さRzは、1.1μm、ソース電極とドレイン電極の間隔は19μmであった。
(1)FETの作製
ゲート絶縁層材料Cをゲート電極が形成されたPET基板上にスピンコート塗布(500rpm×20秒)し、120℃で5分間熱処理後、再度絶縁層溶液Cをスピンコート塗布(500rpm×20秒)し、窒素気流下200℃で30分間熱処理することによって、膜厚1100nmのゲート絶縁層を形成したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にFETを作製した。その際、基板裏面側から露光する露光光の強度I0と、基板、基板表面上に形成されたゲート電極およびゲート絶縁層を透過した光の強度Iとの関係は、-LOG10(I/I0)=3.2であった。また、ソース電極およびドレイン電極の十点平均粗さRzは、1.0μm、ソース電極とドレイン電極の間隔は17μmであった。
(1)FETの作製
図1に示すようにFETの作製を行った。PET基板(膜厚50μm)上に、感光性ペーストBをスクリーン印刷で塗布し、乾燥オーブンで100℃、10分プリベークを行った。その後、露光装置“PEM-8M”(商品名、ユニオン光学(株)製)を用いて露光量70mJ/cm2(波長365nm換算)で全線露光を行い、0.5%Na2CO3溶液で30秒間浸漬現像を行い、超純水でリンス後、乾燥オーブンで140℃、30分間キュアを行い、基板上にゲート電極を作製した。
(1)ゲート絶縁層材料の作製
3-トリメトキシシリルプロピルコハク酸無水物(以下、SucSiという)13.12g(0.05モル)、3-アクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(以下、AcrSiという)93.73g(0.40モル)およびPhTMSi109.06g(0.55モル)をPGMEA215.91gに溶解し、これに、水54.90g、リン酸0.864gを撹拌しながら加えた。得られた溶液をバス温105℃で2時間加熱し、内温を90℃まで上げて、主として副生するメタノールからなる成分を留出せしめた。次いでバス温130℃で2.0時間加熱し、内温を118℃まで上げて、主として水とPGMEAからなる成分を留出せしめた後、室温まで冷却し、固形分濃度26.0重量%のゲート絶縁層材料Gを得た。得られたゲート絶縁層材料Gを10gはかり取り、PGMEA0.83gを混合して、室温にて2時間撹拌し、ゲート絶縁層材料H(固形分濃度24重量%)を得た。
ゲート絶縁層材料Bの代わりにゲート絶縁層材料Hを使用したこと以外は、実施例14と同様にFETを作製した。その際、基板裏面側から露光する露光光の強度I0と、基板、基板表面上に形成されたゲート電極およびゲート絶縁層を透過した光の強度Iとの関係は、-LOG10(I/I0)=3.3であった。また、ソース電極およびドレイン電極の十点平均粗さRzは、0.3μm、ソース電極とドレイン電極の間隔は20μmであった。
(1)FETの作製
抵抗加熱法により、マスクを通してAlを150nmの厚さで真空蒸着し、PET基板(膜厚50μm)上にゲート電極を作製したこと以外は、実施例14と同様にFETを作製した。その際、基板裏面側から露光する露光光の強度I0と、基板、基板表面上に形成されたゲート電極およびゲート絶縁層を透過した光の強度Iとの関係は、-LOG10(I/I0)=3.6であった。また、ソース電極およびドレイン電極の十点平均粗さRzは、0.2μm、ソース電極とドレイン電極の間隔は20μmであった。
(1)FETの作製
図1に示すようにFETの作製を行った。ガラス製の基板(膜厚0.7mm)上に、抵抗加熱法により、マスクを通してAlを150nmの厚さで真空蒸着し、基板上にゲート電極を作製した。
次にゲート絶縁層の上に、抵抗加熱法により、金を50nmの厚さになるように真空蒸着し、その上にフォトレジスト(商品名「LC100-10cP」、ローム・アンド・ハース(株)製)をスピンコート塗布(1000rpm×20秒)し、100℃で10分間加熱乾燥した。
(1)FETの作製
図1に示すようにFETの作製を行った。PET基板(膜厚50μm)上に、感光性ペーストBをスクリーン印刷で塗布し、乾燥オーブンで100℃、10分プリベークを行った。その後、露光装置“PEM-8M”(商品名、ユニオン光学(株)製)を用いて露光量70mJ/cm2(波長365nm換算)で全線露光を行い、0.5%Na2CO3溶液で30秒間浸漬現像を行い、超純水でリンス後、乾燥オーブンで140℃、30分間キュアを行い、基板上にゲート電極を作製した。
2 ゲート電極
3 ゲート絶縁層
4 導電膜
5 ソース電極
6 ドレイン電極
7 半導体層
8 ゲート電極用配線
9 ソース・電極用配線
10 ドレイン電極用配線
20 金属円柱
21 FET基板
100 基板
101 アンテナパターン
102 回路
103 接続配線
Claims (15)
- 基板の表面上にゲート電極を形成する工程と、前記ゲート電極上にゲート絶縁層を形成する工程と、前記ゲート絶縁層上に導電体と感光性有機成分とを含有する導電膜を塗布法により形成する工程と、前記基板の裏面側から前記ゲート電極をマスクとして前記導電膜を露光する工程と、露光された導電膜を現像してソース電極およびドレイン電極を形成する工程と、前記ソース電極と前記ドレイン電極との間に半導体層を塗布法により形成する工程と、を含む電界効果型トランジスタの製造方法。
- 基板の表面上にソース電極およびドレイン電極を形成する工程と、前記ソース電極と前記ドレイン電極との間に半導体層を塗布法により形成する工程と、前記ソース電極、前記ドレイン電極および前記半導体層上にゲート絶縁層を形成する工程と、前記ゲート絶縁層上に導電体と感光性有機成分とを含有する導電膜を塗布法により形成する工程と、前記基板の裏面側から前記ソース電極および前記ドレイン電極をマスクとして前記導電膜を露光する工程と、露光された導電膜を現像してゲート電極を形成する工程と、を含む電界効果型トランジスタの製造方法。
- 前記ゲート電極が、塗布法により形成される、請求項1記載の電界効果型トランジスタの製造方法。
- 前記ソース電極およびドレイン電極が、塗布法により形成される、請求項2記載の電界効果型トランジスタの製造方法。
- 前記半導体層がカーボンナノチューブを含む請求項1~4いずれか記載の電界効果型トランジスタの製造方法。
- 前記導電膜を基板の裏面側から露光する工程において、前記露光光の波長が436nm、405nm、または365nmのいずれかであって、前記露光光の強度Ioと、前記基板、前記基板表面上に形成された電極および前記ゲート絶縁層を透過した光の強度Iが下記式(a)を満たす請求項1~5いずれか記載の電界効果型トランジスタの製造方法。
-Log10(I/I0)≧2 (a) - 前記基板の厚みが200μm以下である請求項1~6いずれか記載の電界効果型トランジスタの製造方法。
- 前記ゲート絶縁層の膜厚が1μm以下である請求項1~7いずれか記載の電界効果型トランジスタの製造方法。
- 前記基板の裏面側から前記導電膜を露光する工程の後に、さらに前記基板表面側から前記導電膜を露光する工程を含む請求項1~8いずれか記載の電界効果型トランジスタの製造方法。
- 前記感光性有機成分がウレタン基を有する化合物を含む請求項1~9記載の電界効果型トランジスタの製造方法。
- 前記半導体層が、表面の少なくとも一部に共役系重合体が付着したカーボンナノチューブ複合体を含む請求項1~10いずれか記載の電界効果型トランジスタの製造方法。
- 前記半導体層を形成する塗布法が、インクジェット法、ディスペンサー法およびスプレー法からなる群より選ばれるいずれか一つである請求項1~11いずれか記載の電界効果型トランジスタの製造方法。
- 前記ゲート絶縁層が、少なくとも、一般式(1)で表されるシラン化合物を重合成分とするポリシロキサンを含む請求項1~12いずれか記載の電界効果型トランジスタの製造方法。
R1 mSi(OR2)4-m(1)
(ここで、R1は水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、複素環基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基またはアルケニル基を示し、R1が複数存在する場合、それぞれのR1は同じでも異なっていてもよい。R2はアルキル基またはシクロアルキル基を示し、R2が複数存在する場合、それぞれのR2は同じでも異なっていてもよい。mは1~3の整数を示す。) - 前記ポリシロキサンが、さらに、一般式(3)で表されるシラン化合物を重合成分として含む請求項13記載の電界効果型トランジスタの製造方法。
A1R6 kSi(OR7)2-k (3)
(一般式(3)において、R6は、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、複素環基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基又はアルケニル基を表す。R7は、水素原子、アルキル基、アシル基またはアリール基を表す。kは0又は1を表す。A1は、カルボキシル基、スルホ基、チオール基、フェノール性水酸基又はそれらの誘導体を少なくとも二つ含む有機基を表す。ただし、前記誘導体が、前記カルボキシル基、スルホ基、チオール基およびフェノール性水酸基のうちの二つによる環状縮合構造である場合は、A1は当該環状縮合構造を少なくとも一つ有する有機基を表す。) - 請求項1~14いずれか記載の製造方法で電界効果型トランジスタを形成する工程と、前記基板の表面上にアンテナパターンを形成する工程と、を含む無線通信装置の製造方法。
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JPWO2018051860A1 (ja) | 2018-09-13 |
TWI692036B (zh) | 2020-04-21 |
EP3514822A1 (en) | 2019-07-24 |
KR102029639B1 (ko) | 2019-10-07 |
US11094899B2 (en) | 2021-08-17 |
JP6358402B1 (ja) | 2018-07-18 |
KR20190046822A (ko) | 2019-05-07 |
TW201826400A (zh) | 2018-07-16 |
CN109716491A (zh) | 2019-05-03 |
US20190198786A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
EP3514822B1 (en) | 2023-04-26 |
EP3514822A4 (en) | 2020-05-20 |
CN109716491B (zh) | 2023-06-09 |
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