WO2018024196A1 - 一种石墨烯纳米材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种石墨烯纳米材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2018024196A1
WO2018024196A1 PCT/CN2017/095440 CN2017095440W WO2018024196A1 WO 2018024196 A1 WO2018024196 A1 WO 2018024196A1 CN 2017095440 W CN2017095440 W CN 2017095440W WO 2018024196 A1 WO2018024196 A1 WO 2018024196A1
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graphene oxide
slurry
sulfonic acid
preparing
modified graphene
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杨与畅
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福建新峰二维材料科技有限公司
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/182Graphene
    • C01B32/184Preparation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/182Graphene
    • C01B32/198Graphene oxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/80Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
    • C01P2002/85Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by XPS, EDX or EDAX data
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/03Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM

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  • the invention relates to the field of carbon materials, in particular to a method for preparing graphene nano materials.
  • Graphene is a novel two-dimensional carbon atom crystal composed of a single atomic layer in which carbon atoms are sp 2 hybridized. Due to the large number of reactive carbon-carbon double bonds, the surface of graphene nanosheets is easily chemically modified to bond organic functional groups to change their properties.
  • Graphene oxide is a derivative of graphene. It is a structure which has an oxygen-containing group such as a carboxyl group, a carbonyl group, a hydroxyl group, and an epoxy group at the edge of the graphene or the inside thereof by oxidation. These large amounts of oxidizing groups greatly increase the water solubility of graphite and provide a good material for the synthesis of composite materials.
  • the sulfonic acid group is introduced onto the terminal group of the graphene, and the obtained product is partially reduced, thereby reducing the oxidizing group while retaining the sulfonic acid group.
  • the modified sulfonated graphene oxide can improve the uniformity of the graphite diluted aqueous solution, and is more favorable for exhibiting excellent physical and chemical properties in an aqueous solution or an organic solution system.
  • the methods for preparing sulfonated graphene mainly include a sulfuric acid treatment method and an ammonium sulfate heat treatment, but the disadvantage of the former method is that the reaction is severe and the reaction is difficult to control. The latter has a complicated preparation process and is not easy to mass produce.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for preparing graphene nano material, which can make the reaction of graphene oxide easier, is not easy to agglomerate, and has simple process.
  • the present invention adopts the following design scheme:
  • a method for preparing a graphene nano material comprising the steps of:
  • the expandable graphite has a density of 30-50 mesh.
  • the dispersing agent is NMP, ethanol or water.
  • 10-20 g of expandable graphite may be placed in a crucible for microwave treatment for 3-5 min, and then the microwave-treated expanded graphite is added to 100-500 ml of dispersant for ultrasonic treatment.
  • the slurry was obtained in 16H, and finally the slurry was centrifuged, the rotation speed of the centrifuge was 4000 r/min, and the centrifugation was carried out for 4-6 min.
  • the slurry is divided into upper and lower layers, and the supernatant liquid is removed to prepare graphene oxide.
  • the acidic solution is hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
  • 2.6 g of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid can be dispersed into 150 ml of an acidic solution, and the mixed solution is placed in an ice water bath for stirring, and the temperature of the ice water bath is controlled at -10-5 ° C. Within the range, the aqueous nitrous acid solution was dropped into the mixed solution, the temperature was controlled at 5 ° C, and 1-2H was stirred to obtain a white precipitate, which was filtered and washed to obtain a diazonium salt of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid.
  • the ratio of the graphene oxide to the p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid diazonium salt in the step (3) is 34-38:1-1.1.
  • the centrifugally treated 170-190 g of graphene oxide is mixed with 5-5.5 g of the diazonium salt of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, and stirred under an ice water bath for 2-3H, and the temperature is controlled at 3. -5 ° C; washed and filtered to obtain a sulfonic acid group-modified graphene oxide slurry; then the sulfonic acid group-modified oxide stone The olefin slurry is poured into a beaker and baked in an oven at 70-90 ° C for 7-9H until the slurry is dried. Finally, the sulfonic acid-modified graphene oxide is pulverized by a 300-500 mesh pulverizer. For 4-6 min, a sulfonic acid group-modified graphene oxide was obtained.
  • the invention adopts the above design scheme, and the diazonium salt of aminobenzenesulfonic acid is prepared by first preparing graphene oxide, and finally the graphene oxide modified by preparing the sulfonic acid group, the graphene oxide modified by the sulfonic acid group can still maintain two Dimensional sheet structure, and has more pleated structure; due to the milder reaction process, the structure of graphene oxide is more stable, and in the present invention, only C, O, S elements, no other impurity elements, thus prepared
  • the sulfonic acid group-modified graphene oxide is relatively pure and has no subsidiary products.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method of the present invention
  • Example 2 is an SEM image of a sulfonic acid group-modified graphene oxide according to Example 1 of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is an EDX diagram of sulfonic acid group-modified graphene oxide of Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is an EDX diagram of sulfonic acid group-modified graphene oxide of Example 2 of the present invention.
  • the present invention discloses a method for preparing a graphene nano material, which comprises the following steps:
  • S101 preparing graphene oxide: placing expandable graphite in a crucible for microwave treatment, adding to a dispersing agent for ultrasonic treatment to obtain a slurry, and then centrifuging the slurry, the slurry is divided into upper and lower layers, and the supernatant is removed. Liquid, preparing graphene oxide;
  • S102 Preparation of azobenzenesulfonic acid salt by diazonium salt synthesis method: dispersing p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid to The mixed solution is obtained in an acidic solution, and the mixed solution is placed in an ice water bath to be stirred, and then the aqueous nitrous acid solution is dropped into the mixed solution to obtain a white precipitate, which is filtered and washed to obtain a diazonium salt of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid;
  • S103 preparing sulfonic acid group-modified graphene oxide: mixing graphene oxide with p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid diazonium salt, stirring and washing in an ice water bath to obtain a sulfonic acid group-modified graphene oxide slurry; The sulfonic acid group-modified graphene oxide slurry is baked until the slurry is dried; finally, the sulfonic acid group-modified graphene oxide is pulverized to obtain a sulfonic acid group-modified graphene oxide.
  • the present invention can be implemented as follows:
  • the microwave treated graphite was added to 200 ml of NMP (methylpyrrolidone) for sonication to obtain a slurry, and the sonication time was 15H;
  • the slurry obtained in B is centrifuged, the slurry is divided into upper and lower layers, the supernatant is removed, the speed of the centrifuge is 4000r/min, and the centrifugation is performed for 5 minutes;
  • FIG. 2 an SEM image of the sulfonic acid group-modified graphene oxide of the first embodiment is shown in Fig. 3, which is an EDX diagram of the sulfonic acid group-modified graphene oxide of Example 1.
  • the slurry obtained in (2) is subjected to centrifugation, the slurry is divided into upper and lower layers, the supernatant liquid is removed, the rotation speed of the centrifuge is 4000 r/min, and the centrifugation is performed for 6 min;
  • the common diazo synthesis preparation method is adopted, that is, 2.6 g of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid is dispersed into 150 ml of sulfuric acid, the mixed solution is placed in an ice water bath and stirred, and the temperature of the ice water bath is controlled within the range of -10-5 ° C, The aqueous solution of nitrous acid is added dropwise to the mixed solution, the temperature is controlled at 5 ° C, and the mixture is stirred for 1H to obtain a white precipitate, which is filtered and washed to obtain a diazonium salt of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid;
  • the sulfonic acid-modified graphene oxide was pulverized by a 300-500 mesh pulverizer (or mill), and the pulverization time was 5 min to obtain a sulfonic acid group-modified graphene nano material.

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Abstract

提供一种石墨烯纳米材料的制备方法,包括:(1)将可膨胀石墨放置在坩埚内进行微波处理后加入到分散剂中进行超声处理得到浆料,然后对浆料进行离心处理,浆料分为上下两层,去掉上层清液,制备得到氧化石墨烯;(2)将对氨基苯磺酸分散到酸性溶液中得到混合溶液,将混合溶液放入到冰水浴中搅拌,然后将亚硝酸水溶液滴入混合溶液中,得到白色沉淀,过滤清洗得到对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐;(3)将氧化石墨烯与对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐混合,在冰水浴下搅拌清洗过滤,得到磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯浆料;然后将磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯浆料烘烤直至浆液干燥;最后对磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯进行粉碎处理,得到磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯。

Description

一种石墨烯纳米材料的制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及碳材料领域,尤其涉及一种石墨烯纳米材料的制备方法。
背景技术
石墨烯是由碳原子以sp2杂化连接的单原子层构成的新型二维碳原子晶体。由于含有众多具有反应活性的碳碳双键,石墨烯纳米片表面很容易进行化学修饰键合有机官能团而改变其性质。
氧化石墨烯是石墨烯的衍生物。其是通过氧化使得石墨烯的边缘或者是内部具有羧基、羰基、羟基和环氧基等含氧基团的结构。这些大量存在的氧化性基团大大增加了石墨稀的水溶性,可以为复合材料的合成提供良好的材料。将磺酸基引入到石墨烯的端基上,并对得到的产物进行部分还原,从而减少氧化性基团,而保留磺酸基。这种改性的磺化氧化石墨烯可以很好的改良石墨稀的水溶液的均匀程度,使之更有利于在水溶液或者有机溶液体系中表现出优良的物理化学性质。目前制备磺化石墨烯的方法主要有硫酸处理法和硫酸铵热处理等,但是,前者方法缺点是反应剧烈,反应不易控制。后者制备工艺复杂,不易量产化。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺陷,提供一种石墨烯纳米材料的制备方法,其可以使氧化石墨烯的反应更容易,且不易团聚、工艺简单。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下设计方案:
一种石墨烯纳米材料的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)制备氧化石墨烯:将可膨胀石墨放置在坩埚内进行微波处理后加入到 分散剂中进行超声处理得到浆料,然后对浆料进行离心处理,浆料分为上下两层,去掉上层清液,制备得到氧化石墨烯;
(2)采用重氮盐合成法制备氨基苯磺酸重氮盐:将对氨基苯磺酸分散到酸性溶液中得到混合溶液,将混合溶液放入到冰水浴中搅拌,然后将亚硝酸水溶液滴入混合溶液中,得到白色沉淀,过滤清洗得到对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐;
(3)制备磺酸基团修饰的氧化石墨烯:将氧化石墨烯与对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐混合,在冰水浴下搅拌清洗过滤,得到磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯浆料;然后将磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯浆料烘烤直至浆液干燥;最后对磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯进行粉碎处理,得到磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯。
优选的,所述可膨胀石墨的密度为30-50目。
优选的,所述分散剂为NMP、乙醇或水。
优选的,所述步骤(1)具体可以将10-20g可膨胀石墨放置在坩埚内进行微波处理3-5min,然后将微波处理后的膨胀石墨加入到100-500ml分散剂中进行超声处理12-16H得到浆料,最后将浆料进行离心处理,离心机的转速为4000r/min,离心处理4-6min。浆料分为上下两层,去掉上层清液,制备得到氧化石墨烯。
优选的,所述酸性溶液为盐酸或硫酸。
优选的,所述步骤(2)具体可以取2.6g的对氨基苯磺酸分散到150ml的酸性溶液中,将混合溶液放入到冰水浴中搅拌,冰水浴的温度控制在-10-5℃范围内,将亚硝酸水溶液滴入混合溶液中,温度控制在5℃内,搅拌1-2H,得到白色沉淀,过滤清洗得到对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐。
优选的,所述步骤(3)中氧化石墨烯和对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐的比例为34-38:1-1.1。
优选的,所述步骤(3)具体可以将离心处理的170-190g氧化石墨烯与5-5.5g的对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐混合,在冰水浴下搅拌2-3H,温度控制在3-5℃;经清洗过滤,得到磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯浆料;然后将磺酸基修饰的氧化石 墨烯浆料倒入烧杯内放入70-90℃的烘箱内烘烤7-9H,直至浆液干燥;最后采用300-500目的粉碎机对磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯进行粉碎处理,粉碎时间为4-6min,即得到磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯。
本发明采用以上设计方案,通过先制备氧化石墨烯,再制备氨基苯磺酸重氮盐,最后通过制备磺酸基团修饰的氧化石墨烯,磺酸基团修饰的氧化石墨烯能够依然保持二维的片层结构,并且具有较多的褶皱结构;由于反应过程较温和,使得氧化石墨烯自身结构更加稳定,且本发明中仅有C、O、S元素,无其他杂质元素,因此制备的磺酸基团修饰的氧化石墨烯比较纯净,无附属产物。
附图说明
图1为本发明的方法流程示意图;
图2为本发明实施例1的磺酸基团修饰的氧化石墨烯的SEM图;
图3为本发明实施例1的磺酸基团修饰的氧化石墨烯的EDX图;
图4为本发明实施例2的磺酸基团修饰的氧化石墨烯的SEM图;
图5为本发明实施例2的磺酸基团修饰的氧化石墨烯的EDX图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
如图1所示,本发明公开了一种石墨烯纳米材料的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
S101:制备氧化石墨烯:将可膨胀石墨放置在坩埚内进行微波处理后加入到分散剂中进行超声处理得到浆料,然后对浆料进行离心处理,浆料分为上下两层,去掉上层清液,制备得到氧化石墨烯;
S102:采用重氮盐合成法制备氨基苯磺酸重氮盐:将对氨基苯磺酸分散到 酸性溶液中得到混合溶液,将混合溶液放入到冰水浴中搅拌,然后将亚硝酸水溶液滴入混合溶液中,得到白色沉淀,过滤清洗得到对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐;
S103:制备磺酸基团修饰的氧化石墨烯:将氧化石墨烯与对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐混合,在冰水浴下搅拌清洗过滤,得到磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯浆料;然后将磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯浆料烘烤直至浆液干燥;最后对磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯进行粉碎处理,得到磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯。
具体的,本发明可以如下实施:
实施例1
(1)制备氧化石墨烯:
A.将15g可膨胀石墨(30-50目)放置在坩埚内进行微波处理5min;
B.将微波处理后的石墨加入到200mlNMP(甲基吡咯烷酮)中进行超声处理得到浆料,超声处理时间为15H;
C.将B中得到的浆料进行离心处理,浆料分为上下两层,去掉上层清液,离心机的转速为4000r/min,离心处理5min;
(2)采用重氮盐合成法制备氨基苯磺酸重氮盐:
采用常用重氮合成制备方法,取2.6g的对氨基苯磺酸分散到150ml的盐酸中,将混合溶液放入到冰水浴中搅拌,冰水浴的温度控制在-10-5℃范围内,将亚硝酸水溶液滴入混合溶液中,温度控制在5℃内,搅拌1H,得到白色沉淀,过滤清洗得到对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐;
(3)制备磺酸基团修饰的氧化石墨烯:
A.将离心处理的180g氧化石墨烯与5.2g的对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐混合,在冰水浴下搅拌2H,温度控制在3-5℃。经清洗过滤,得到磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯浆料;
B.将磺酸基修饰的石墨烯浆料倒入烧杯内放入80℃的烘箱内烘烤8H,直至浆液干燥;
C.采用300-500目的粉碎机(或磨粉机)对磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯进行 粉碎处理,粉碎时间为5min,即得到磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯。
如图2所示,为本实施例1的磺酸基团修饰的氧化石墨烯的SEM图,如图3所示,为实施例1的磺酸基团修饰的氧化石墨烯的EDX图。
实施例2:
(1)制备氧化石墨烯。
A.将15g可膨胀石墨(30-50目)放置在坩埚内进行微波处理5min;
B.将微波处理后的石墨加入到200ml乙醇中进行超声处理得到浆料,超声处理时间为16H;
C.将(2)中得到的浆料进行离心处理,浆料分为上下两层,去掉上层清液,离心机的转速为4000r/min,离心处理6min;
(2)制备对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐:
采用常用重氮合成制备方法,即取2.6g的对氨基苯磺酸分散到150ml硫酸中,将混合溶液放入到冰水浴中搅拌,冰水浴的温度控制在-10-5℃范围内,将亚硝酸水溶液滴入混合溶液中,温度控制在5℃内,搅拌1H,得到白色沉淀,过滤清洗得到对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐;
(3)制备磺酸基团修饰的氧化石墨烯:
A.将离心处理的180g氧化石墨烯与5.2g的对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐混合,在冰水浴下搅拌2H,温度控制在3-5℃。经清洗过滤,得到磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯浆料;
B.将磺酸基修饰的石墨烯浆料倒入烧杯内放入80℃的烘箱内烘烤8H,直至浆液干燥;
C.采用300-500目的粉碎机(或磨粉机)对磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯进行粉碎处理,粉碎时间为5min,即得到磺酸基修饰的石墨烯纳米材料。
如图4所示,为实施例2的磺酸基团修饰的氧化石墨烯的SEM图;如图5所示,为实施例2的磺酸基团修饰的氧化石墨烯的EDX图。
从图2、图4SEM图上看出,磺酸基团修饰的氧化石墨烯依然保持二维的片 层结构,并且具有较多的褶皱结构。由于反应过程较温和,氧化石墨烯自身结构较稳定,所以反应前后形貌结构未出现明显变化。从图3、图5EDX图上看出,仅有C、O、S元素,无杂质元素。说明此方法制备的磺酸基团修饰的氧化石墨烯比较纯净,无附属产物。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种石墨烯纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    (1)制备氧化石墨烯:将可膨胀石墨放置在坩埚内进行微波处理后加入到分散剂中进行超声处理得到浆料,然后对浆料进行离心处理,浆料分为上下两层,去掉上层清液,制备得到氧化石墨烯;
    (2)采用重氮盐合成法制备氨基苯磺酸重氮盐:将对氨基苯磺酸分散到酸性溶液中得到混合溶液,将混合溶液放入到冰水浴中搅拌,然后将亚硝酸水溶液滴入混合溶液中,得到白色沉淀,过滤清洗得到对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐;
    (3)制备磺酸基团修饰的氧化石墨烯:将氧化石墨烯与对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐混合,在冰水浴下搅拌清洗过滤,得到磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯浆料;然后将磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯浆料烘烤直至浆液干燥;最后对磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯进行粉碎处理,得到磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述可膨胀石墨的密度为30-50目。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述分散剂为NMP、乙醇或水。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)具体可以将10-20g可膨胀石墨放置在坩埚内进行微波处理3-5min,然后将微波处理后的膨胀石墨加入到100-500ml分散剂中进行超声处理12-16H得到浆料,最后将浆料进行离心处理,离心机的转速为4000r/min,离心处理4-6min;浆料分为上下两层,去掉上层清液,制备得到氧化石墨烯。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述酸性溶液为盐酸或硫酸。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)具体可以取2.6g的对氨基苯磺酸分散到150ml的酸性溶液中,将混合溶液放入到冰水浴中搅拌,冰水浴的温度控制在-10-5℃范围内,将亚硝酸水 溶液滴入混合溶液中,温度控制在5℃内,搅拌1-2H,得到白色沉淀,过滤清洗得到对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中氧化石墨烯和对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐的比例为34-38:1-1.1。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)具体可以将离心处理的170-190g氧化石墨烯与5-5.5g的对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐混合,在冰水浴下搅拌2-3H,温度控制在3-5℃。经清洗过滤,得到磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯浆料;然后将磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯浆料倒入烧杯内放入70-90℃的烘箱内烘烤7-9H,直至浆液干燥;最后采用300-500目的粉碎机对磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯进行粉碎处理,粉碎时间为4-6min,即得到磺酸基修饰的氧化石墨烯。
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