WO2018003943A1 - 複合半透膜及び複合半透膜の製造方法 - Google Patents
複合半透膜及び複合半透膜の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018003943A1 WO2018003943A1 PCT/JP2017/024017 JP2017024017W WO2018003943A1 WO 2018003943 A1 WO2018003943 A1 WO 2018003943A1 JP 2017024017 W JP2017024017 W JP 2017024017W WO 2018003943 A1 WO2018003943 A1 WO 2018003943A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- semipermeable membrane
- composite semipermeable
- hydrophilic polymer
- group
- acid
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 195
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 113
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012696 Interfacial polycondensation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012011 nucleophilic catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 ester compound Chemical class 0.000 description 28
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 22
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007112 amidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 8
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous acid Chemical compound ON=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 7
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012954 diazonium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001989 diazonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 6
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BMTZEAOGFDXDAD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholin-4-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].COC1=NC(OC)=NC([N+]2(C)CCOCC2)=N1 BMTZEAOGFDXDAD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 4
- QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009435 amidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 3
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1 RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004922 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- NSMWYRLQHIXVAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethylpiperazine Chemical compound CC1CNC(C)CN1 NSMWYRLQHIXVAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006149 azo coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JSYBAZQQYCNZJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,4-triamine Chemical group NC1=CC=C(N)C(N)=C1 JSYBAZQQYCNZJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RPHKINMPYFJSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-triamine Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC(N)=C1 RPHKINMPYFJSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- DTPCFIHYWYONMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N decaethylene glycol Polymers OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO DTPCFIHYWYONMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CCC1CCCCC1 IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- NDJKXXJCMXVBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NDJKXXJCMXVBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K indium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[In](Cl)Cl PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZPIRTVJRHUMMOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octoxybenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 ZPIRTVJRHUMMOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphine group Chemical group P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920012287 polyphenylene sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003586 protic polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- IREVRWRNACELSM-UHFFFAOYSA-J ruthenium(4+);tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ru](Cl)(Cl)Cl IREVRWRNACELSM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiocyanic acid Chemical compound SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IJAOUFAMBRPHSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-ethenylphenyl)methylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 IJAOUFAMBRPHSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJBYXOUKKQTXPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-ethenylphenyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 CJBYXOUKKQTXPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDNKZNFMNDZQMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide Chemical compound CC(C)N=C=NC(C)C BDNKZNFMNDZQMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGZQGDTEZPERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCC(C(O)=O)CC1 PXGZQGDTEZPERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLEIDMAURCRVCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propylpiperazine Chemical compound CCCN1CCNCC1 QLEIDMAURCRVCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFKBCVIYTWDYRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-phosphonooxydecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O CFKBCVIYTWDYRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNWOTKRKCOXTCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5-triethylpiperazine Chemical compound CCC1CNC(CC)C(CC)N1 LNWOTKRKCOXTCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMEMBAXECFIRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5-trimethylpiperazine Chemical compound CC1CNC(C)C(C)N1 OMEMBAXECFIRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORCXDCBGXCHCFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dibutylpiperazine Chemical compound CCCCC1CNC(CCCC)CN1 ORCXDCBGXCHCFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIAOVIBEPXQRNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-diethylpiperazine Chemical compound CCC1CNC(CC)CN1 JIAOVIBEPXQRNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFNWESYYDINUHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpiperazine Chemical compound CC1CNCC(C)N1 IFNWESYYDINUHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHWLJHBFRWUMNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)ethylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NCCP(O)(O)=O UHWLJHBFRWUMNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKKJMXCNNZVCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCP(O)(O)=O OKKJMXCNNZVCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXEYEDZRUQKMLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phosphonoethoxymethyl)prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=C)COCCP(O)(O)=O XXEYEDZRUQKMLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAMTXHVZOHPPQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(hydroxymethyl)prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OCC(=C)C(O)=O AAMTXHVZOHPPQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPLACOONWGSIIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(n-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propyl]anilino)acetic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(O)CN(CC(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GPLACOONWGSIIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDKSTARXLKKYPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[10-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)decyl]propanedioic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)C(O)=O JDKSTARXLKKYPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGDMDBHLKNQPSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-5-(4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)phenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C(O)=C1 ZGDMDBHLKNQPSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOMNTHCQHJPVAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpiperazine Chemical compound CC1CNCCN1 JOMNTHCQHJPVAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBIJLHTVPXGSAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C21 JBIJLHTVPXGSAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UENRXLSRMCSUSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid Chemical group NC1=CC(N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 UENRXLSRMCSUSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDBWYUOUYNQZBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)aniline Chemical group NCC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 ZDBWYUOUYNQZBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFSNHOUZAIGMAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-n,3-n-diethylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=CC(N)=C1 KFSNHOUZAIGMAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHSBHVJQXZLIRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-n,3-n-dimethylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC(N)=C1 HHSBHVJQXZLIRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFWYZZPDZZGSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(aminomethyl)aniline Chemical compound NCC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 BFWYZZPDZZGSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MAGFQRLKWCCTQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 MAGFQRLKWCCTQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRQWEODKXLDORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenylbenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 IRQWEODKXLDORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNGVNLMMEQUVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n,4-n-diethylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 QNGVNLMMEQUVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGUKYNXWOWSRET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpyridine Chemical compound C1CCCN1C1=CC=NC=C1 RGUKYNXWOWSRET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000692870 Inachis io Species 0.000 description 1
- BZORFPDSXLZWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 BZORFPDSXLZWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJLYANLCNIKXMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methyldioctylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(C)CCCCCCCC YJLYANLCNIKXMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHSPJQZRQAJPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-alpha-Methylhistamine Chemical compound CNCCC1=CN=CN1 PHSPJQZRQAJPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNPOFXIBHOVFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-cyclohexyl-N'-(2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl)carbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NCCN1CCOCC1 XNPOFXIBHOVFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940006460 bromide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanuric chloride Chemical compound ClC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBZSBBLNHFMTEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCC(C(O)=O)C1 XBZSBBLNHFMTEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJTCGQSWYFHTAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclooctane Chemical compound C1CCCCCCC1 WJTCGQSWYFHTAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004914 cyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000445 field-emission scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PHNWGDTYCJFUGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O PHNWGDTYCJFUGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940006461 iodide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- FEKRFYZGYUTGRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-ethylmethanediimine Chemical compound CCN=C=N FEKRFYZGYUTGRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSBIQPJIWUJBBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methoxyaniline Chemical group CONC1=CC=CC=C1 NSBIQPJIWUJBBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000018 nitroso group Chemical group N(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous oxide Inorganic materials [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012038 nucleophile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentachloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000083 poly(allylamine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004439 roughness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- HZXJVDYQRYYYOR-UHFFFAOYSA-K scandium(iii) trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Sc+3].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F HZXJVDYQRYYYOR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940077386 sodium benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MZSDGDXXBZSFTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MZSDGDXXBZSFTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229950000244 sulfanilic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl dichloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)(=O)=O YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHZJKOKFZJYCLG-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoromethanesulfonate;ytterbium(3+) Chemical compound [Yb+3].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F AHZJKOKFZJYCLG-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- JPJIEXKLJOWQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoromethanesulfonate;yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [Y+3].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F JPJIEXKLJOWQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005500 uronium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)C=C ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/1216—Three or more layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0006—Organic membrane manufacture by chemical reactions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0083—Thermal after-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0093—Chemical modification
- B01D67/00931—Chemical modification by introduction of specific groups after membrane formation, e.g. by grafting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/105—Support pretreatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/125—In situ manufacturing by polymerisation, polycondensation, cross-linking or chemical reaction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/40—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. salts, amides, imides, nitriles, anhydrides, esters
- B01D71/403—Polymers based on the polymerisation of maleic acid or derivatives thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/56—Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
- B01D71/82—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74 characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/02—Hydrophilization
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/08—Specific temperatures applied
- B01D2323/081—Heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/12—Specific ratios of components used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/30—Cross-linking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/36—Introduction of specific chemical groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
- B01D2325/0283—Pore size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/14—Membrane materials having negatively charged functional groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/36—Hydrophilic membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/43—Specific optical properties
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite semipermeable membrane having a high amount of permeated water and a high ability to suppress adhesion to membrane contaminants.
- the composite semipermeable membrane obtained by the present invention can be suitably used for desalination of brine, for example.
- membrane separation methods there are various techniques for removing substances (for example, salts) dissolved in a solvent (for example, water).
- a solvent for example, water
- membrane separation methods include microfiltration membranes, ultrafiltration membranes, nanofiltration membranes, and reverse osmosis membranes. These membranes are used, for example, in the case of obtaining drinking water from seawater, brine, water containing harmful substances, etc., in the production of industrial ultrapure water, wastewater treatment, recovery of valuable materials, and the like.
- a composite semipermeable membrane obtained by coating a support membrane with a separation functional layer made of a crosslinked polyamide obtained by polycondensation reaction of a polyfunctional amine and a polyfunctional acid halide has a permeated water amount and a selective separation property. Widely used as a high separation membrane.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a separation membrane including a separation functional layer that contains a polyamide and a hydrophilic polymer that is bonded to the polyamide by an amide bond. Patent Document 1 describes that fouling resistance is realized by a hydrophilic polymer.
- the present invention for achieving the above object has the following configuration.
- a composite semipermeable membrane comprising a support membrane comprising a substrate and a porous support layer, and a separation functional layer provided on the porous support layer, wherein the separation functional layer comprises a crosslinked polyamide, ethylene Ratio of the number of oxygen atoms to the number of nitrogen atoms measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on the surface of the separation functional layer (including a hydrophilic polymer that is a polymer of a monomer having a polymerizable unsaturated group) (A composite semipermeable membrane having an O / N ratio of 1.5 to 10 and a standard deviation of the ratio of 0.15 or more.
- a method for producing a composite semipermeable membrane comprising a substrate, a porous support layer formed on the substrate, and a separation functional layer formed on the porous support layer, ) By performing interfacial polycondensation on the surface of the support film including the substrate and the porous support layer, using an aqueous solution containing a polyfunctional amine and a solution in which a polyfunctional acid halide is dissolved in an organic solvent, A step of forming a crosslinked polyamide, (b) a step of introducing a hydrophilic polymer by chemical bonding into the crosslinked polyamide obtained in the step (a), and (c) a reagent for converting the amino group of the crosslinked polyamide to a functional group.
- the separation functional layer is formed by performing the steps of contacting in this order, and the step (b) includes (d) the crosslinked polyamide obtained in the step (a) and the hydrophilic polymer. Contacting the solution; and (e) the above step Comprising the step of promoting the formation of chemical bonds with crosslinked polyamide obtained in a) with the hydrophilic polymer, method for producing the composite semipermeable membrane.
- a method for producing a membrane is produced by performing the steps of contacting in this order, and the step (b) includes (d) the crosslinked polyamide obtained in the step (a) and the hydrophilic polymer. Contacting the solution; and (e) the above step Comprising the step of promoting the formation of chemical bonds with crosslinked polyamide obtained in a) with the
- step (e) includes performing at least one selected from the group consisting of heating, addition of a nucleophilic catalyst, and addition of a Lewis acid.
- a method for producing a semipermeable membrane includes performing at least one selected from the group consisting of heating, addition of a nucleophilic catalyst, and addition of a Lewis acid.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention since a sufficient amount of hydrophilic polymer is present on the surface of the membrane, adhesion of the foulant component can be effectively suppressed.
- the hydrophilic polymer since the hydrophilic polymer is present on the surface of the membrane with appropriate variation, a hydrated water layer containing a large amount of hydrated water is formed in the portion where the hydrophilic polymer is densely present, and is sparse. In the portion, the mobility of the hydrophilic polymer is high, and the attached foulant component is easily peeled off.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention comprises a support membrane comprising a substrate and a porous support layer, and a separation functional layer provided on the porous support layer.
- a support membrane comprising a substrate and a porous support layer, and a separation functional layer provided on the porous support layer.
- polyamide polyamide
- hydrophilic polymer which is a polymer of a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group.
- the separation function layer is a layer that plays a role of separating the solute in the composite semipermeable membrane.
- the composition and thickness of the separation functional layer are set according to the intended use of the composite semipermeable membrane.
- the separation functional layer is formed from a hydrophilic polymer which is a polymer of a crosslinked polyamide obtained by interfacial polycondensation of a polyfunctional amine and a polyfunctional acid halide and a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group.
- the polyfunctional amine is preferably composed of at least one component selected from an aromatic polyfunctional amine and an aliphatic polyfunctional amine.
- the aromatic polyfunctional amine is an aromatic amine having two or more amino groups in one molecule, and is not particularly limited, but includes metaphenylenediamine, paraphenylenediamine, 1,3,5-triamine.
- Aminobenzene and the like are exemplified.
- Examples of the N-alkylated product include N, N-dimethylmetaphenylenediamine, N, N-diethylmetaphenylenediamine, N, N-dimethylparaphenylenediamine, and N, N-diethylparaphenylenediamine.
- m-PDA metaphenylenediamine
- 1,3,5-triaminobenzene is particularly preferable.
- the aliphatic polyfunctional amine is an aliphatic amine having two or more amino groups in one molecule, preferably a piperazine-based amine or a derivative thereof.
- piperazine or 2,5-dimethylpiperazine is preferable from the viewpoint of stability of performance expression.
- These polyfunctional amines may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polyfunctional acid halide is an acid halide having two or more carbonyl halide groups in one molecule, and is not particularly limited as long as it gives a polyamide by reaction with the polyfunctional amine.
- Examples of the polyfunctional acid halide include oxalic acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, glutaric acid, 1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid.
- 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid and other halides can be used.
- acid chlorides are preferable, and trimesin, which is an acid halide of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, is particularly preferable in terms of economy, availability, ease of handling, ease of reaction, and the like.
- Acid chloride (hereinafter referred to as TMC) is preferable.
- TMC acid chloride
- the said polyfunctional acid halide may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types as a mixture.
- the polyamide has an amide group derived from a polymerization reaction of a polyfunctional amine and a polyfunctional acid halide, an amino group derived from an unreacted terminal functional group, and a carboxy group.
- the amount of these functional groups affects the water permeability and salt removal rate of the composite semipermeable membrane.
- Functional groups in the polyamide can be converted or new functional groups can be introduced into the polyamide, thereby improving the amount of permeated water and the salt removal rate of the composite semipermeable membrane. be able to.
- Functional groups to be introduced include alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, halogen groups, hydroxyl groups, amino groups, carboxy groups, ether groups, thioether groups, ester groups, aldehyde groups, nitro groups, nitroso groups, nitrile groups, azo groups. Etc.
- an azo group is preferably introduced so that the ratio of (molar equivalent of azo group) / (molar equivalent of amide group) in the polyamide is 0.1 or more and 1.0 or less. When this ratio is 0.1 or more and 1.0 or less, a high salt removal rate can be obtained.
- the amino group ratio “(molar equivalent of amino group) / (molar equivalent of amide group)” in the separation functional layer is related to the durability of the composite semipermeable membrane, and this amino group ratio is 0.18 or less. Thus, it is preferable to convert the amino group into another functional group.
- “(Mole equivalent of amino group) / (Mole equivalent of amide group)” is 0.18 or less, the fastness of the layer is increased and the durability of the film is improved.
- the amount of functional groups in these polyamides can be determined by, for example, 13 C solid state NMR measurement. Specifically, the substrate is peeled from the composite semipermeable membrane to obtain a separation functional layer and a porous support layer, and then the porous support layer is dissolved and removed to obtain a separation functional layer. The obtained separation functional layer is subjected to DD / MAS- 13 C solid state NMR measurement, and the integrated value of the peak of the carbon atom to which each functional group is bonded is calculated. The amount of each functional group can be identified from this integrated value.
- a polymer that is a polymer of a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group is a hydrophilic polymer from the viewpoint of fouling resistance.
- the monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group will be described later.
- the hydrophilic polymer is a polymer that dissolves 0.5 g or more in 1 L of water under the condition of 25 ° C.
- the hydrophilic polymer of the present invention preferably has a water content of 40% or more under conditions of 25 ° C. and 75% RH.
- the water content can be determined by the following formula (1), where W dry is the weight of the polymer in an absolutely dry state, 25 ° C., and the equilibrium weight under 75% RH is W 75 .
- the fouling resistance may include both of suppressing fouling and suppressing a decrease in performance even if fouling occurs.
- the reason why the fouling resistance is obtained by the hydrophilic polymer is considered as follows.
- the hydrophilic polymer can suppress contamination of the separation functional layer due to its hydration structure. Suppression of fouling by a hydrated structure is effective for any of nonionic, cationic and anionic soils. Further, due to the presence of the hydrophilic polymer on the surface of the separation functional layer, the dirt is more likely to adhere to the hydrophilic polymer than the polyamide. That is, even if dirt adheres to the surface of the separation functional layer, it is considered that the dirt adheres to a position away from the polyamide by the hydrophilic polymer. Therefore, the performance degradation of the separation membrane can be kept low. Therefore, the hydrophilic polymer is preferably present on the surface of the separation functional layer.
- the separation functional layer includes a first layer mainly composed of polyamide and a second layer mainly composed of a hydrophilic polymer, and the first layer is disposed on the porous support layer side.
- the separation functional layer can maintain a sufficient hydration structure and exhibits excellent fouling resistance.
- the water content is more preferably 50% or more, and still more preferably 60% or more.
- the difference spectrum between 25 ° C., 75% RH condition and absolutely dry condition is between 3700-2900 cm ⁇ 1. It is preferred wavenumber of the peak top is less than 3350 cm -1 or 3500 cm -1.
- the peak appearing between 3700 and 2900 cm ⁇ 1 in the difference spectrum is absorption resulting from the stretching vibration of the OH bond of the water molecule.
- the absorption wavelength derived from the stretching vibration of the OH bond of water molecules changes depending on the degree of hydrogen bonding, and water molecules that are strongly hydrogen-bonded with other water molecules etc. exist in the isolated state on the low wavenumber side.
- water molecules with low hydrogen bonding properties shift to the higher wavenumber side. That is, water molecules with weak interaction with hydrophilic polymers and strong hydrogen bonds with surrounding water molecules interact strongly with hydrophilic polymers on the low wavenumber side, and hydrogen bonds with surrounding water molecules Small isolated water molecules have peaks on the high wavenumber side.
- the wave number of the peak top of the difference spectrum When the wave number of the peak top of the difference spectrum is 3350 cm ⁇ 1 or more, the interaction between the water molecule and the hydrophilic polymer is strong enough to retain hydrated water. Further, when the wave number of the peak top of the difference spectrum is 3500 cm ⁇ 1 or less, the hydration water exchange rate increases to the extent that foulant adhesion can be suppressed. As described above, the wave number of the peak top of the difference spectrum is that it has a water molecule in the following 3350 cm -1 or 3500 cm -1, it exhibits excellent fouling resistance. Also, the wave number of the peak top of the difference spectrum, may also be 3380 cm -1 or more, may be 3430Cm -1 or less.
- the ratio of the number of oxygen atoms to the number of nitrogen atoms (O / N ratio) measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on the surface of the separation functional layer is 1. 5 or more and 10 or less, and the standard deviation thereof is 0.15 or more.
- O / N ratio roughly represents the ratio of the number of hydrophilic functional groups to the number of polyamide monomer units.
- the O / N ratio is preferably 1.8 or more.
- the O / N ratio is 10 or less, the layer formed by the hydrophilic polymer is thin, and thus high water permeability is obtained.
- the O / N ratio is preferably 5 or less.
- the standard deviation is an index representing the variation of the distribution.
- the standard deviation value of the O / N ratio is obtained by the following equation (2). I can do it.
- the hydrophilic polymer When the standard deviation of the O / N ratio is 0.15 or more, the hydrophilic polymer is present on the surface with appropriate variation, and therefore the portion where the hydrophilic polymer is densely contains a lot of hydration water. A layer of hydrated water is formed in the sparse part, and the mobility of the hydrophilic polymer is high in the sparse part, and the attached foulant is easily peeled off. As a result, the composite semipermeable membrane is considered to have improved fouling resistance.
- the standard deviation of the O / N ratio is more preferably 0.20 or more and 0.25 or more. In one composite semipermeable membrane, if the standard deviation calculated from the measurement result of the O / N ratio at any 30 locations is within the above range, the composite semipermeable membrane satisfies this condition.
- the hydrophilic polymer and the crosslinked polyamide are bonded by an amide bond.
- the hydrophilic polymer is bonded to the polyamide, which is the main component of the separation functional layer, via an amino group at the terminal of the polyamide through an amide bond.
- the hydrophilic polymer contained in the second layer is preferably amide-bonded to the polyamide contained in the first layer.
- the hydrophilic polymer is detected on the surface of the separation functional layer, then etched, and further the hydrophilic polymer is detected, the hydrophilic polymer is increased on the surface of the separation functional layer. It is possible to confirm that it exists.
- the hydrophilic polymer and the separation functional layer are bonded by an amide bond, the composite semipermeable membrane can exhibit high fouling resistance.
- the hydrophilic polymer is bonded by weak bond or interaction, it is not preferable because it is easily detached by washing with a chemical solution or the like.
- the hydrophilic polymer of the present invention preferably has at least one acidic group because of the effect of improving the solubility in water and the effect of reducing the adhesion of a foulant having a negative charge.
- Preferred acidic groups are a carboxy group, a phosphonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, and a sulfonic acid group, and one of these may be included alone in the hydrophilic polymer, and two or more are included. May be.
- the structure of these acidic groups may exist in any form of an acid form, an ester compound, an anhydride, and a metal salt.
- the polymer that is a polymer of a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group is a hydrophilic polymer, and the monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group may contain two or more acidic groups.
- a monomer containing one or two acidic groups is preferable from the viewpoint of availability of the monomer.
- monomers having an ethylenically unsaturated group include maleic acid, maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylic acid, 4- (meta ) Acryloyloxyethyl trimellitic acid and the corresponding anhydride, 10-methacryloyloxydecylmalonic acid, N- (2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropyl) -N-phenylglycine, 4-vinylbenzoic acid, etc.
- acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and maleic acid are preferable from the viewpoints of versatility and copolymerization.
- monomers having a phosphonic acid group include vinylphosphonic acid, 4-vinylphenylphosphonic acid, 4-vinylbenzylphosphonic acid, 2-methacryloyloxyethylphosphonic acid, 2- Methacrylamidoethylphosphonic acid, 4-methacrylamideamido-4-methyl-phenyl-phosphonic acid and 2- [4- (dihydroxyphosphoryl) -2-oxa-butyl] -acrylic acid and 2- [2-dihydroxyphosphoryl) -ethoxy Methyl] -acrylic acid-2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl ester and the like.
- monomers having a phosphate group include 2-methacryloyloxypropyl-monohydrogen phosphate, 2-methacryloyloxypropyl-dihydrogen phosphate, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl- Monohydrogen phosphate, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl-dihydrogen phosphate, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl-phenyl-hydrogen phosphate, dipentaerythritol-pentamethacryloyloxyphosphate, 10-methacryloyloxydecyl-dihydrogen phosphate, dipenta Erythritol pentamethacryloyloxyphosphate, mono- (1-acryloyl-piperidin-4-yl) -ester phosphate, 6- (methacrylamide) hexyl-dihydrogen phosphate and 1,3-bis- (N-acryl
- examples of the monomer having a sulfonic acid group include vinyl sulfonic acid, 4-vinylphenyl sulfonic acid, and 3- (methacrylamide) propyl sulfonic acid.
- the weight average molecular weight of the hydrophilic polymer used in the present invention is preferably 2,000 or more.
- the weight average molecular weight of the hydrophilic polymer is more preferably 5,000 or more, and further preferably 100,000 or more.
- the hydrophilic polymer may be a homopolymer of the above monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group, or may be a copolymer of two or more monomers depending on the purpose.
- copolymer components include polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethyleneimine, polyvinylamine, polyallylamine, or block copolymers of these hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers. , Graft copolymers, random copolymers and the like.
- polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinyl acetate are preferable from the viewpoints of easy copolymerization and reduced adhesion to foulants.
- the ratio of the structure containing an acidic group as a monomer unit is preferably 5 mol% or more and 100 mol% or less. That is, among the monomers constituting the hydrophilic polymer, the ratio (copolymerization ratio) of (number of moles of monomer having an acidic group / number of moles of monomer constituting the hydrophilic polymer) is 5% or more and 100% or less. It is preferable that In the hydrophilic polymer, when the ratio of the monomer unit containing an acidic group is 5 mol% or more, the hydrophilic polymer is sufficiently bonded to the polyamide, so that the foulant adheres to the film surface due to the mobility of the hydrophilic polymer. Is suppressed.
- the ratio of the structure containing an acidic group is more preferably 10 mol% or more and 100 mol% or less, and further preferably 40 mol% or more and 100 mol% or less.
- the spectral absorbance ratio (I 1720 / I 1610 ) at 25 ° C. and 3% RH is preferably 0.10 or more and 0.50 or less (I 1720 : Absorption peak value of 1720 cm ⁇ 1 , I 1610 : absorption peak value of 1610 cm ⁇ 1 ).
- I 1720 is a peak derived from a carbonyl group in the hydrophilic polymer
- I 1610 is a peak derived from an amide group in the polyamide, and is a value indicating the amount of the hydrophilic polymer relative to the amount of polyamide.
- the absorbance ratio may be 0.10 or more and 0.50 or less. preferable.
- the absorbance ratio (I 1720 / I 1610 ) preferably has a standard deviation of 0.05 or more from the viewpoint that the hydrophilic polymer is present on the surface with appropriate variation. If the standard deviation is 0.05 or more, the portion where the hydrophilic polymer is present densely contains a lot of hydrated water, and forms a layer of hydrated water, and the sparse portion has the mobility of the hydrophilic polymer. Is high, and the attached foulant is easily peeled off. As a result, the composite semipermeable membrane is considered to have improved fouling resistance.
- the standard deviation of the absorbance ratio (I 1720 / I 1610 ) can be calculated from the ATR-IR measurement results at any 30 locations.
- the root mean square roughness (hereinafter also referred to as RMS) of the surface of the separation functional layer is preferably 60 nm or more.
- RMS root mean square roughness
- the root mean square surface roughness is 60 nm or more, the surface area of the separation functional layer is increased and the amount of permeated water is increased.
- the root mean square surface roughness is less than 60 nm, the permeated water amount decreases.
- the root mean square surface roughness can be measured with an atomic force microscope (hereinafter referred to as AFM).
- the root mean square surface roughness is the square root of the value obtained by averaging the squares of deviations from the reference plane to the specified plane.
- the measurement surface is the surface indicated by all measurement data
- the specified surface is the surface that is subject to roughness measurement
- the specific part specified by the clip of the measurement surface and the reference surface is the specified surface
- Z0 Z0.
- NanoScope IIIa manufactured by Digital Instruments can be used as the AFM.
- the root mean square surface roughness of the separation functional layer can be controlled by the monomer concentration and temperature when the separation functional layer is formed by interfacial polycondensation. For example, when the temperature during interfacial polycondensation is low, the root mean square roughness decreases, and when the temperature is high, the root mean square roughness increases.
- the surface of the separation functional layer is modified with a hydrophilic polymer, since the root mean square surface roughness decreases when the hydrophilic polymer layer is thick, the root mean square surface roughness is modified to be 60 nm or more. It is preferable.
- the support membrane is for imparting strength to the separation functional layer, and itself has substantially no separation performance for ions and the like.
- the support membrane includes a substrate and a porous support layer.
- the size and distribution of pores in the support membrane are not particularly limited. For example, uniform and fine pores, or gradually having larger fine pores from the surface on the side where the separation functional layer is formed to the other surface, and separation.
- a support membrane in which the size of the micropores on the surface on which the functional layer is formed is 0.1 nm or more and 100 nm or less is preferable.
- the support membrane can be obtained, for example, by forming a porous support layer on a base material by casting a polymer on the base material.
- the material used for the support membrane and its shape are not particularly limited.
- the substrate examples include a fabric made of at least one selected from polyester and aromatic polyamide. Particular preference is given to using polyesters which are highly mechanically and thermally stable.
- a fabric used for the substrate a long fiber nonwoven fabric or a short fiber nonwoven fabric can be preferably used. When a polymer solution is cast on a substrate, it penetrates by over-penetration, the substrate and the porous support layer peel off, and the membrane is non-uniform due to fluffing of the substrate.
- the long fiber nonwoven fabric can be more preferably used because excellent film-forming properties that do not cause defects such as crystallization and pinholes are required.
- the long fiber nonwoven fabric examples include a long fiber nonwoven fabric composed of thermoplastic continuous filaments.
- the base material is made of a long-fiber nonwoven fabric, it is possible to suppress non-uniformity and membrane defects caused by fluffing caused by fluffing, which occurs when a short-fiber nonwoven fabric is used.
- the orientation of the fibers arranged on the side opposite to the porous support layer of the base material is the vertical orientation with respect to the film forming direction, the strength of the base material can be maintained and film breakage and the like can be prevented.
- the longitudinal orientation means that the fiber orientation direction is parallel to the film forming direction. Conversely, when the fiber orientation direction is perpendicular to the film forming direction, it is referred to as lateral orientation.
- the fiber orientation degree of the nonwoven fabric substrate is preferably 0 ° or more and 25 ° or less.
- the fiber orientation degree is an index indicating the fiber orientation of the nonwoven fabric base material constituting the support film, and the film forming direction when performing continuous film formation is 0 °, that is, the direction perpendicular to the film forming direction, that is, It means the average angle of the fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric substrate when the width direction of the nonwoven fabric substrate is 90 °. Accordingly, the closer to 0 ° the fiber orientation, the longer the orientation, and the closer to 90 °, the lateral orientation.
- the manufacturing process of the composite semipermeable membrane and the manufacturing process of the element include a heating step, but a phenomenon occurs in which the support membrane or the composite semipermeable membrane contracts due to heating.
- a phenomenon occurs in which the support membrane or the composite semipermeable membrane contracts due to heating.
- the film tends to shrink in the width direction. Since the support membrane or the composite semipermeable membrane shrinks, a problem arises in dimensional stability and the like, and therefore, a substrate having a low rate of thermal dimensional change is desired.
- the orientation degree difference between the fiber disposed on the opposite side of the porous support layer and the fiber disposed on the porous support layer side is 10 ° or more and 90 ° or less, The change can be suppressed, which is preferable.
- the air permeability of the substrate is preferably 2.0 cc / cm 2 / sec or more.
- the air permeability is within this range, the amount of permeated water of the composite semipermeable membrane increases. This is a process of forming a support film.
- a high molecular weight polymer is cast on a base material and immersed in a coagulation bath, the non-solvent replacement rate from the base material side is increased, thereby increasing the porous support layer. This is thought to be due to the fact that the internal structure of the resin changes, and in the subsequent step of forming the separation functional layer, the amount of monomer retained and the diffusion rate are affected.
- the air permeability can be measured by a Frazier type tester based on JIS L1096 (2010). For example, a base material is cut out to a size of 200 mm ⁇ 200 mm and used as a sample. This sample is attached to the Frazier type tester, and the suction fan and air hole are adjusted so that the inclined barometer has a pressure of 125 Pa. Based on the pressure indicated by the vertical barometer at this time and the type of air hole used, The amount of air passing through the material, that is, the air permeability can be calculated. As the Frazier type tester, KES-F8-AP1 manufactured by Kato Tech Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the thickness of the substrate is preferably in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 30 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m.
- vinyl polymer polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene sulfide sulfone, polyphenylene sulfone, polyphenylene oxide and the like homopolymers or copolymers alone or blended.
- cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate and the like can be used as the cellulose polymer
- polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile and the like can be used as the vinyl polymer.
- homopolymers or copolymers such as polysulfone, polyamide, polyester, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyphenylene sulfide, and polyphenylene sulfide sulfone are preferable. More preferably, cellulose acetate, polysulfone, polyphenylene sulfide sulfone, or polyphenylene sulfone is used, and among these materials, polysulfone has high chemical, mechanical, and thermal stability and is easy to mold. Can generally be used. Specifically, it is preferable to use polysulfone composed of repeating units represented by the following chemical formula because the pore diameter of the support membrane can be easily controlled and the dimensional stability is high.
- a solution of the above polysulfone in N, N-dimethylformamide (hereinafter referred to as DMF) is cast on a densely woven polyester fabric or polyester nonwoven fabric to a certain thickness and wet-coagulated in water.
- DMF N, N-dimethylformamide
- the thickness of the above support membrane affects the strength of the resulting composite semipermeable membrane and the packing density when it is used as an element.
- the thickness of the support membrane is preferably in the range of 30 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 100 ⁇ m to 220 ⁇ m.
- the morphology of the porous support layer can be observed with a scanning electron microscope, a transmission electron microscope, or an atomic microscope.
- a scanning electron microscope after peeling the porous support layer from the substrate, it is cut by a freeze cleaving method to obtain a sample for cross-sectional observation.
- This sample is thinly coated with platinum, platinum-palladium or ruthenium tetrachloride, preferably ruthenium tetrachloride, and observed with a high resolution field emission scanning electron microscope (UHR-FE-SEM) at an acceleration voltage of 3 to 15 kV.
- UHR-FE-SEM high resolution field emission scanning electron microscope
- an S-900 electron microscope manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. can be used.
- the support membrane used in the present invention can be selected from various commercially available materials such as “Millipore Filter VSWP” (trade name) manufactured by Millipore, and “Ultra Filter UK10” (trade name) manufactured by Toyo Roshi Kaisha, “Office of Saleen Water Research and Development Progress Report” 359 (1968).
- the thickness of the porous support layer is preferably in the range of 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. Since the porous support layer has a thickness of 20 ⁇ m or more, good pressure resistance can be obtained and a uniform support film having no defects can be obtained. Therefore, a composite semipermeable membrane provided with such a porous support layer Can exhibit good salt removal performance. When the thickness of the porous support layer exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the remaining amount of unreacted substances at the time of production increases, thereby reducing the amount of permeated water and chemical resistance.
- the thickness of the base material and the thickness of the composite semipermeable membrane can be measured with a digital thickness gauge. Moreover, since the thickness of the separation functional layer is very thin compared with the support membrane, the thickness of the composite semipermeable membrane can be regarded as the thickness of the support membrane. Therefore, the thickness of the porous support layer can be easily calculated by measuring the thickness of the composite semipermeable membrane with a digital thickness gauge and subtracting the thickness of the substrate from the thickness of the composite semipermeable membrane. As the digital thickness gauge, PEACOCK manufactured by Ozaki Seisakusho Co., Ltd. can be used. When a digital thickness gauge is used, the average value is calculated by measuring the thickness at 20 locations.
- the thickness may be measured with a scanning electron microscope.
- the thickness is obtained by measuring the thickness from a scanning electron micrograph of cross-sectional observation at any five locations for one sample and calculating the average value.
- the manufacturing method includes a supporting film forming step and a separation functional layer forming step.
- the support film forming step includes a step of applying a polymer solution to a substrate and a step of immersing the substrate coated with the polymer solution in a coagulation bath to coagulate the polymer. including.
- the polymer solution is prepared by dissolving a polymer that is a component of the porous support layer in a good solvent for the polymer.
- the temperature of the polymer solution when applying the polymer solution is preferably 10 ° C. or more and 60 ° C. or less when polysulfone is used as the polymer. If the temperature of the polymer solution is within this range, the polymer does not precipitate, and the polymer solution is sufficiently impregnated between the fibers of the base material and then solidified. As a result, the porous support layer is firmly bonded to the substrate by the anchor effect, and a good support film can be obtained.
- the preferred temperature range of the polymer solution can be adjusted as appropriate depending on the type of polymer used, the desired solution viscosity, and the like.
- the time from application of the polymer solution on the substrate to immersion in the coagulation bath is 0.1 second or more and 5 seconds or less. If the time until dipping in the coagulation bath is within this range, the organic solvent solution containing the polymer is sufficiently impregnated between the fibers of the base material and then solidified.
- the preferable range of time until it immerses in a coagulation bath can be suitably adjusted with the kind of polymer solution to be used, desired solution viscosity, etc.
- the coagulation bath water is usually used, but any solid can be used as long as it does not dissolve the polymer that is a component of the porous support layer.
- the membrane form of the support membrane obtained by the composition of the coagulation bath changes, and the resulting composite semipermeable membrane also changes.
- the temperature of the coagulation bath is preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably 10 ° C. or higher and 50 ° C. or lower. If the temperature of the coagulation bath is within this range, the vibration of the coagulation bath surface due to thermal motion does not become intense, and the smoothness of the film surface after film formation is maintained. If the temperature of the coagulation bath is within this range, the coagulation rate is appropriate and the film forming property is good.
- the support membrane thus obtained is washed with hot water in order to remove the solvent remaining in the membrane.
- the temperature of the hot water at this time is preferably 40 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably 60 ° C. or higher and 95 ° C. or lower. If the temperature of the hot water is within this range, the degree of shrinkage of the support membrane does not increase and the amount of permeated water is good. If the temperature of the hot water is within this range, the cleaning effect is sufficient.
- the formation process of the separation functional layer of the present invention includes: (A) Interfacial polycondensation is performed on the surface of the support film including the substrate and the porous support layer using an aqueous solution containing a polyfunctional amine and a solution obtained by dissolving a polyfunctional acid halide in an organic solvent.
- a step of forming a cross-linked polyamide (B) a step of introducing a hydrophilic polymer into the resulting crosslinked polyamide by chemical bonding; (C) contacting the amino group of the crosslinked polyamide with a reagent for functional group conversion; The step (b) is performed in the order of (d) the step of bringing the crosslinked polyamide obtained in the step (a) into contact with the solution containing the hydrophilic polymer, and (e) the step (a).
- a step of promoting the formation of a chemical bond between the obtained crosslinked polyamide and the hydrophilic polymer is performed in the order of (d) the step of bringing the crosslinked polyamide obtained in the step (a) into contact with the solution containing the hydrophilic polymer.
- a first layer mainly composed of polyamide is formed, and in the subsequent step (b), a second layer mainly composed of a hydrophilic polymer is formed on the surface of the first layer.
- the step (b) is a step of introducing a crosslinked polyamide and a hydrophilic polymer by chemical bonding, and the hydrophilic polymer is considered to hardly pass through the crosslinked polyamide that substantially assumes the separation function. A second layer is formed on the surface.
- the step (c) is a step of converting an amino group to a functional group, and the step (c) is performed after the step (b), so that the step (c) is performed before the step (b).
- Many hydrophilic polymers can be introduced to improve the fouling resistance.
- step (a) the organic solvent that dissolves the polyfunctional acid halide is immiscible with water, does not destroy the support membrane, and does not inhibit the formation reaction of the crosslinked polyamide. Any may be used. Typical examples include liquid hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons such as trichlorotrifluoroethane.
- octane nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, heptadecane, hexadecane, cyclooctane , Ethylcyclohexane, 1-octene, 1-decene and the like or a mixture thereof is preferably used.
- acylation catalysts for solutions containing polyfunctional amines or polyfunctional acid halides dissolved in organic solvents, acylation catalysts, polar solvents, and acid scavengers can be used if necessary so long as they do not interfere with the reaction between the two components.
- Compounds such as an agent, a surfactant, and an antioxidant may be included.
- the support membrane surface is coated with an aqueous solution containing a polyfunctional amine.
- concentration of the aqueous solution containing the polyfunctional amine is preferably 0.1% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less, more preferably 0.5% by weight or more and 15% by weight or less.
- the coating may be performed by a method of coating the support film or a method of immersing the support film in an aqueous solution.
- the contact time between the support membrane and the aqueous solution containing the polyfunctional amine is preferably in the range of 5 seconds to 10 minutes, and more preferably in the range of 10 seconds to 3 minutes.
- a liquid draining step there is, for example, a method of allowing the film surface to flow naturally while holding the film surface in the vertical direction.
- the membrane surface may be dried to remove all or part of the water in the aqueous solution.
- a solution obtained by dissolving the aforementioned polyfunctional acid halide in an organic solvent is applied to a support film coated with an aqueous solution containing a polyfunctional amine, and a crosslinked polyamide is formed by interfacial polycondensation.
- the time for performing the interfacial polycondensation is preferably from 0.1 second to 3 minutes, and more preferably from 0.1 second to 1 minute.
- the concentration of the polyfunctional acid halide in the solution in which the polyfunctional acid halide is dissolved in the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but if it is too low, the formation of the active layer polyamide may be insufficient, which may be a disadvantage. If it is too high, it will be disadvantageous from the viewpoint of cost, so 0.01 wt% or more and 1.0 wt% or less are preferable.
- the solution of the polyfunctional acid halide after the reaction in an organic solvent by a liquid draining step.
- a method can be used in which the membrane is held vertically and the excess solution is allowed to flow down naturally.
- the time for gripping in the vertical direction is preferably 1 minute or more and 5 minutes or less, and more preferably 1 minute or more and 3 minutes or less.
- the gripping time is 1 minute or longer, it is easy to obtain a polyamide having the desired function, and when it is 3 minutes or shorter, the occurrence of defects due to overdrying of the solution can be suppressed, so that deterioration in performance can be suppressed.
- the polyamide obtained by the above-described method is washed with hot water within a range of 25 ° C. or more and 90 ° C. or less for 1 minute or more and 60 minutes or less, so that the solute blocking performance and the amount of permeated water of the composite semipermeable membrane Can be further improved.
- the temperature of the hot water is too high, the chemical resistance decreases if it is cooled rapidly after the hot water washing treatment. Therefore, it is preferable to perform hot water washing within the range of 25 ° C. or more and 60 ° C. or less.
- the hot water cleaning process is performed at a high temperature of 61 ° C. or higher and 90 ° C. or lower, it is preferable to cool slowly after the hot water cleaning process. For example, there is a method of cooling to room temperature by contacting with low temperature hot water stepwise.
- acid or alcohol may be contained in the hot water.
- an acid or an alcohol it becomes easier to control the formation of hydrogen bonds in the polyamide.
- the acid include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid, and organic acids such as citric acid and oxalic acid.
- the acid concentration is preferably adjusted to be pH 2 or less, more preferably pH 1 or less.
- the alcohol include monohydric alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and isopropyl alcohol, and polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol and glycerin.
- the concentration of the alcohol is preferably 10% by weight or more and 100% by weight or less, more preferably 10% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less.
- step (b) a hydrophilic polymer is introduced into the crosslinked polyamide by chemical bonding.
- the chemical bond is preferably a covalent bond, and particularly preferably an amide bond.
- this step includes a step of bringing a crosslinked polyamide into contact with a solution containing a hydrophilic polymer, and a step of promoting chemical bonding between the hydrophilic polymer and an amino group or a carboxy group in the crosslinked polyamide. .
- the method of bringing the crosslinked polyamide and the solution containing the hydrophilic polymer into contact with each other is not limited to a specific method, as long as the hydrophilic polymer can be brought into contact with the crosslinked polyamide, such as spraying, coating, or dipping.
- hydrophilic polymers include carboxylic acid derivatives.
- a carboxylic acid derivative is a compound containing a functional group obtained by converting a carboxy group.
- a carboxylic acid derivative has a functional group with improved reactivity with an amino group. It is preferable that it is a compound which has.
- Examples of carboxylic acid derivatives include carboxylic acid chlorides, carboxylic acid bromides, active esters and the like.
- Thionyl chloride, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride, sulfuryl chloride, and oxalyl chloride can be used for conversion from a carboxylic acid (compound having a carboxy group) to a carboxylic acid chloride.
- triphenylphosphine, carbon tetrachloride, 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine that does not generate hydrogen chloride as a by-product can be used as appropriate.
- phosphorus tribromide can be used for the conversion to carboxylic acid bromide.
- the active ester is an ester having an excellent leaving ability unlike a normal ester bond such as an alkyl ester, and can be converted from a carboxy group using a condensing agent described later.
- the condensing agent used for the carboxylic acid derivatization of the carboxylic acid is not particularly limited, but N, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N, N-diisopropylcarbodiimide, 1- [3- (dimethylamino) propyl Carbodiimide condensing agents such as 3-ethylcarbodiimide and its hydrochloride, N-cyclohexyl-N ′-(2-morpholinoethyl) carbodiimide meth-p-toluenesulfonate, 1H-benzotriazol-1-yloxytris (Dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, 1H-benzotriazol-1-yloxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate, chlorotripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate, bromotri
- Carboxylic acid derivatization may be performed in advance before bringing the polyamide and the hydrophilic polymer into contact with each other. That is, a solution containing a hydrophilic polymer that is a carboxylic acid derivative may be brought into contact with the polyamide. Moreover, the reagent which makes a hydrophilic polymer a carboxylic acid derivative by converting a carboxy group may be contained in a solution containing a hydrophilic polymer that is a carboxylic acid, and this solution may be brought into contact with polyamide. In other words, a reagent that converts the hydrophilic polymer and the carboxylic acid derivative may be present in a place where the hydrophilic polymer and the polyamide are brought into contact with each other.
- an alkali metal compound such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium phosphate or potassium phosphate or a tertiary amine compound such as triethylamine or N-methylmorpholine is added. Also good.
- surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium benzenesulfonate can be suitably used.
- the hydrophilic polymer to be brought into contact with the crosslinked polyamide may be used alone or in combination.
- the hydrophilic polymer is preferably used as a solution having a weight concentration of 10 ppm to 1%.
- concentration of the hydrophilic polymer is 10 ppm or more, the functional group present in the polyamide can be sufficiently reacted with the hydrophilic polymer.
- the hydrophilic polymer layer becomes thick, so the amount of water produced decreases.
- the concentration of the reagent in the solution containing the hydrophilic polymer and the reagent that converts the hydrophilic polymer into a carboxylic acid derivative is not particularly limited as long as it is higher than the convertible carboxy group concentration. A sufficient effect can be obtained.
- the solvent in the solution containing the hydrophilic polymer and the reagent that converts the hydrophilic polymer into the carboxylic acid derivative should be capable of dissolving the hydrophilic polymer and the reagent that converts the hydrophilic polymer into the carboxylic acid derivative. If it does not specifically limit. In many cases, when a protic solvent such as methanol or ethanol or water is used, an aprotic solvent is preferable because the solvent reacts with the carboxylic acid derivative. However, when the triazine-based condensing agent is used, it forms. Since active ester has tolerance with a protic solvent and water, it can be used conveniently.
- the hydrophilic polymer is introduced because an amino group on the surface of the crosslinked polyamide layer reacts with a carboxylic acid derivative contained in the hydrophilic polymer to form an amide bond.
- the method for bringing the solution containing the hydrophilic polymer into contact with the separation functional layer is not particularly limited.
- the entire composite semipermeable membrane may be immersed in the solution containing the hydrophilic polymer or the hydrophilic polymer is contained.
- the solution may be sprayed on the surface of the separation functional layer, and the method is not limited as long as the polyamide and the hydrophilic polymer come into contact with each other.
- the step of promoting the formation of the chemical bond refers to the step of promoting the formation of the chemical bond and the amino acid in the crosslinked polyamide.
- the step of promoting the amidation reaction is preferably 10 seconds to 30 minutes, more preferably 20 seconds to 15 minutes.
- the hydrophilic polymer can be introduced into the crosslinked polyamide with appropriate variation.
- the heating may be performed by raising the ambient temperature with hot air or in a bath of water or the like.
- the heating temperature is preferably 60 to 90 ° C, more preferably 70 to 85 ° C.
- the heating time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 seconds to 30 minutes, more preferably 20 seconds to 15 minutes, for the reasons described above.
- nucleophilic catalyst examples include pyridine series such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine, tertiary phosphine such as triphenylphosphine and tributylphosphine, imidazole and derivatives thereof.
- the nucleophile reacts with the carboxylic acid derivative to form an excellent leaving group, thereby promoting the amidation reaction.
- it may be added in advance to a solution containing a hydrophilic polymer, or may be added after contact with the polyamide.
- the amount of the nucleophilic catalyst is preferably from 0.01 to 0.5 equivalent, more preferably from 0.05 to 0.3 equivalent, based on the amount of the carboxy group.
- an acid such as hydrochloric acid or odorous acid is produced by reaction such as carboxylic acid chloride or carboxylic acid bromide, it is preferably added in an amount of 1 equivalent or more because the catalyst is deactivated by the acid.
- the Lewis acid is not particularly limited, but rare earth Lewis acids such as yttrium (III) trifluoromethanesulfonate, ytterbium trifluoromethanesulfonate (III), scandium (III) trifluoromethanesulfonate, and indium (III) chloride are water. It is preferable because it can be applied even under a solvent. The reactivity is improved by the coordination of the Lewis acid to the carbonyl group of the carboxylic acid derivative.
- the amount of Lewis acid is preferably from 0.01 to 0.5 equivalent, more preferably from 0.05 to 0.3 equivalent, based on the amount of carboxy group.
- the amino group is converted into another functional group by bringing the amino group of the polyamide into contact with a reagent that converts the functional group.
- a reagent that converts the functional group it is preferable to perform functional group conversion by contacting with a reagent that reacts with an amino group to produce a diazonium salt or a derivative thereof.
- the reagent that reacts with an amino group to produce a diazonium salt or a derivative thereof include aqueous solutions of nitrous acid and salts thereof, nitrosyl compounds, and the like.
- An aqueous solution of nitrous acid or a nitrosyl compound is preferable because it has a property of generating gas and decomposing it, so that nitrous acid is sequentially generated by the reaction of nitrite and an acidic solution.
- the nitrite is produces nitric acid nitrous reacts with hydrogen ions (HNO 2)
- pH of the aqueous solution is 7 or less, generating a preferably 5 or less, more preferably efficiently than 4 Ashosan (HNO 2)
- an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite reacted with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid in an aqueous solution is particularly preferable because of easy handling.
- the concentration of nitrous acid or nitrite in the reagent that reacts with an amino group to produce a diazonium salt or a derivative thereof is preferably in the range of 0.01 wt% to 1 wt%, more preferably 0.05 wt%. % Or more and 0.5% by weight or less. If the concentration is 0.01% by weight or more, a sufficient effect can be obtained, and if the concentration is 1% by weight or less, the solution can be easily handled.
- the temperature of the nitrous acid aqueous solution is preferably 15 ° C. or higher and 45 ° C. or lower.
- the temperature is 15 ° C. or higher, a sufficient reaction time is obtained, and when the temperature is 45 ° C. or lower, the decomposition of nitrous acid hardly occurs and the handling is easy.
- the contact time with the nitrous acid aqueous solution may be a time at which at least one of the diazonium salt and its derivative is formed, and can be processed in a short time at a high concentration, but a long time is required at a low concentration. . Therefore, in the solution having the above concentration, the contact time is preferably within 10 minutes, more preferably within 3 minutes.
- the method of making it contact is not specifically limited, Even if the solution of the said reagent is apply
- the solvent for dissolving the reagent any solvent may be used as long as the reagent is dissolved and the composite semipermeable membrane is not eroded.
- the solution may contain a surfactant, an acidic compound, an alkaline compound, or the like as long as it does not interfere with the reaction between the amino group and the reagent.
- a part of the generated diazonium salt or a derivative thereof is converted into a different functional group.
- a part of the diazonium salt or a derivative thereof is converted into a phenolic hydroxyl group by reacting with water, for example. Also, contact with a solution containing chloride ion, bromide ion, cyanide ion, iodide ion, boroboric acid, hypophosphorous acid, sodium bisulfite, sulfite ion, aromatic amine, hydrogen sulfide, thiocyanic acid, etc. To the corresponding functional group. Further, by contacting with an aromatic amine, a diazo coupling reaction takes place and an aromatic group can be introduced onto the film surface.
- these reagents may be used alone, or may be used by mixing a plurality of them, or may be brought into contact with different reagents a plurality of times.
- Examples of the reagent that causes a diazo coupling reaction include compounds having an electron-rich aromatic ring or heteroaromatic ring.
- Examples of the compound having an electron-rich aromatic ring or heteroaromatic ring include an unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring compound, an aromatic compound having an electron-donating substituent, and a heteroaromatic ring compound having an electron-donating substituent.
- Examples of the electron-donating substituent include an amino group, an ether group, a thioether group, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, and an aryl group.
- the above compounds include, for example, methoxyaniline bonded to a benzene ring in any positional relationship of aniline, ortho-position, meta-position, and para-position, and two amino groups are ortho-position, meta-position, para-position, and the like.
- Examples include 4-aminobenzylamine, sulfanilic acid, 3,3′-dihydroxybenzidine, 1-aminonaphthalene, 2-aminonaphthalene, or N-alkylated products of these compounds.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention comprises a plurality of pores together with a raw water channel material such as a plastic net, a permeate channel material such as tricot, and a film for increasing pressure resistance as necessary. Is wound around a cylindrical water collecting pipe and is suitably used as a spiral composite semipermeable membrane element. Furthermore, a composite semipermeable membrane module in which these elements are connected in series or in parallel and accommodated in a pressure vessel can be obtained.
- the above-described composite semipermeable membrane, its elements, and modules can be combined with a pump for supplying raw water to them, a device for pretreating the raw water, and the like to constitute a fluid separation device.
- a separation device By using this separation device, raw water can be separated into permeated water such as drinking water and concentrated water that has not permeated through the membrane, and water suitable for the purpose can be obtained.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention for example, in a low pressure region where the operation pressure is 0.1 MPa or more and 3 MPa or less, more preferably 0.1 MPa or more and 1.55 MPa or less, the composite permeate is maintained while maintaining a high permeated water amount.
- Semipermeable membranes and fluid separation devices can be used. Since the operating pressure can be reduced, the capacity of a pump or the like to be used can be reduced, power consumption can be reduced, and the cost of water production can be reduced. When the operation pressure is less than 0.1 MPa, the amount of permeated water tends to decrease. When the operation pressure is more than 3 MPa, power consumption of a pump or the like increases and membrane clogging due to fouling is likely to occur.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention uses a sodium chloride aqueous solution having a pH of 6.5 and a concentration of 2,000 mg / L, and has a permeated water amount of 0.50 m 3 when filtered at 25 ° C. under an operating pressure of 1.55 MPa for 24 hours. / M 2 / day to 3.0 m 3 / m 2 / day or less is preferable.
- Such a composite semipermeable membrane can be produced, for example, by appropriately selecting the production method described above.
- the amount of permeated water is 0.50 m 3 / m 2 / day or more and 3.0 m 3 / m 2 / day or less, generation of fouling can be appropriately suppressed and water can be stably formed. It is more practically preferable that the amount of permeated water is 0.80 m 3 / m 2 / day or more and 3.0 m 3 / m 2 / day or less.
- a hardly biodegradable organic substance such as a surfactant may be contained without being completely decomposed by biological treatment.
- the surfactant is adsorbed on the membrane surface, and the amount of permeated water is reduced.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention has a high amount of permeated water and a high detachability with respect to membrane contaminants, it can exhibit stable performance.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention has a high ability to suppress adhesion to membrane contaminants. That is, the amount of permeate when an aqueous solution having a pH of 6.5 mg and a NaCl concentration of 2,000 mg / L is filtered for 1 hour at a pressure of 1.55 MPa is F1, followed by polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether. Is added to the aqueous solution so as to have a concentration of 100 mg / L, and the amount of permeated water when filtered for 1 hour is F2, it is preferable that the value of F2 / F1 is 0.80 or more. More preferably, it is 0.90 or more. By using such a composite semipermeable membrane, fouling is unlikely to occur on the surface of the membrane, and a high amount of permeated water can be stably maintained for a long period of time.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention exhibits high durability against chemicals, the value of F2 / F1 at the time of film formation is F3, and the membrane F2 / F1 after immersion in a sulfuric acid aqueous solution at pH 1 for 20 hours is F4.
- F4 / F3 is 0.85 or more. More preferably, it is 0.90 or more.
- NaCl removal rate 100 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ (NaCl concentration in permeated water / NaCl concentration in feed water) ⁇
- membrane permeation flux In the test of the preceding paragraph, the amount of water permeated in the supply water (NaCl aqueous solution) was measured, and the value converted into the amount of water per day (cubic meter) per square meter of membrane surface was the membrane permeation flux (m 3 / m 2 / day ).
- the membrane performance was measured as follows. First, the amount of permeated water when an aqueous solution having a pH of 6.5 mg and a NaCl concentration of 2,000 mg / L was filtered at a pressure of 1.55 MPa for 1 hour was measured to obtain an initial permeated water amount (F1). Subsequently, the amount of permeated water when polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether was added to the aqueous solution to a concentration of 100 mg / L and filtered for 1 hour was defined as F2, and the value of F2 / F1 was calculated.
- the hydrophilic polymer was dissolved in water and adjusted to pH 7, and then powder was obtained by lyophilization. The obtained powder was allowed to stand in an atmosphere adjusted to 25 ° C. and 75% RH until the weight change became 0.1% or less, and the weight was measured. Then, it heat-dried at 50 degreeC for 24 hours, and measured the weight after drying. The water content was calculated from the weight obtained from the formula (1).
- ATR-IR The hydrophilic polymer was allowed to stand until the weight change became 0.1% or less in an atmosphere adjusted to 25 ° C., 75% RH and 3% RH.
- An Avatar 360 FT-IR measuring machine manufactured by Nicolet Corporation, and using a one-reflection horizontal ATR measuring device (OMNI-Sampler) and germanium ATR crystal as accessories for total reflection measurement
- OMNI-Sampler one-reflection horizontal ATR measuring device
- germanium ATR crystal as accessories for total reflection measurement
- a spectrum was obtained by irradiating the surface with infrared rays.
- the resolution was set to 4 cm ⁇ 1 and the number of scans was set to 256 times. Further, auto-baseline correction was performed on the spectrum thus obtained.
- the O / N ratio was measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
- the membrane sample was vacuum-dried at 50 ° C. for 24 hours to sufficiently remove moisture.
- an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer K-alpha: manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific Co., Ltd.
- the elemental composition ratio on the surface of any 30 separation functional layers at a photoelectron detection angle of 90 degrees was measured, and O / N The average value of the ratio and the standard deviation were calculated.
- Air permeability The air permeability was measured by a fragile type tester based on JIS L1096 (2010). The base material is cut into a size of 200 mm ⁇ 200 mm, attached to a Frazier type tester, the suction fan and the air hole are adjusted so that the inclined barometer has a pressure of 125 Pa, and the pressure indicated by the vertical barometer at this time The air permeability was determined from the type of air holes used. As the Frazier type tester, KES-F8-AP1 manufactured by Kato Tech Co., Ltd. was used.
- Comparative Example 2 The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 1 was immersed in a 0.3 wt% sodium nitrite aqueous solution adjusted to pH 3 and 35 ° C. for 1 minute. The pH of sodium nitrite was adjusted with sulfuric acid. Next, the composite semipermeable membrane of Comparative Example 2 was obtained by immersing in a 0.1 wt% aqueous sodium sulfite solution at 35 ° C. for 2 minutes. When the obtained composite semipermeable membrane was evaluated, the membrane performance was the value shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 3 The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 1 was brought into contact with an aqueous solution containing 100 ppm polyacrylic acid (weight average molecular weight 25,000, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 0.1 wt% DMT-MM at 20 ° C. for 24 hours. After washing with water. When the obtained composite semipermeable membrane was evaluated, the membrane performance was the value shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 4 The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 1 was brought into contact with a 100 ppm aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid (weight average molecular weight 25,000, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) at 20 ° C. for 24 hours, and then washed with water. When the obtained composite semipermeable membrane was evaluated, the membrane performance was the value shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 0.5 g of thionyl chloride was added to 0.1 g of polyacrylic acid (weight average molecular weight 25,000, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), and the mixture was heated to reflux for 20 hours, and then excess thionyl chloride was removed by distillation under reduced pressure. 100 g of hexane was added to the obtained solid content, and the composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 1 was spray-coated. Thereafter, 10 ppm hexane solution of 4-dimethylaminopyridine was added and left standing at 25 ° C. for 10 minutes, followed by washing with water.
- polyacrylic acid weight average molecular weight 25,000, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- Example 1 was immersed for 1 minute in 0.3 weight% sodium nitrite aqueous solution adjusted to pH3 and 35 degreeC. The pH of sodium nitrite was adjusted with sulfuric acid. Furthermore, the composite semipermeable membrane of Example 1 was obtained by being immersed in a 0.1 wt% aqueous sodium sulfite solution at 35 ° C. for 2 minutes. When the obtained composite semipermeable membrane was evaluated, the membrane performance was the value shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 1 was brought into contact with an aqueous solution containing 100 ppm polyacrylic acid (weight average molecular weight 25,000, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 0.1 wt% DMT-MM, and then 4-dimethyl Aminopyridine 10 ppm aqueous solution was added, left to stand for 10 minutes, and washed with water. Next, it was immersed for 1 minute in 0.3 weight% sodium nitrite aqueous solution adjusted to pH3 and 35 degreeC. The pH of sodium nitrite was adjusted with sulfuric acid.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of Example 2 was obtained by being immersed in a 0.1 wt% aqueous sodium sulfite solution at 35 ° C. for 2 minutes.
- the membrane performance was the value shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 The composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Comparative Example 1 was brought into contact with an aqueous solution containing 100 ppm polyacrylic acid (weight average molecular weight 25,000, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 0.1 wt% DMT-MM, and then heated to 80 ° C. Heated and left to stand for 4 minutes and washed with water. Next, it was immersed for 1 minute in 0.3 weight% sodium nitrite aqueous solution adjusted to pH3 and 35 degreeC. The pH of sodium nitrite was adjusted with sulfuric acid. Furthermore, the composite semipermeable membrane of Example 3 was obtained by being immersed in a 0.1 wt% aqueous sodium sulfite solution at 35 ° C. for 2 minutes. When the obtained composite semipermeable membrane was evaluated, the membrane performance was the value shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 A composite was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 except that polyacrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer (weight average molecular weight 10,000, trade name: A-6330, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) was used instead of polyacrylic acid. A semipermeable membrane was produced. When the obtained composite semipermeable membrane was evaluated, the membrane performance was the value shown in Table 1.
- polyacrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer weight average molecular weight 10,000, trade name: A-6330, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention has a high amount of permeated water and a high ability to suppress adhesion to membrane contaminants, and can stably maintain high performance for a long period of time.
- raw water can be separated into permeated water such as drinking water and concentrated water that has not permeated through the membrane, and water suitable for the purpose can be obtained.
- the composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention can be particularly suitably used for brine or seawater desalination.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Coating Of Shaped Articles Made Of Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、上記従来の実情に鑑みてなされたものであって、複合半透膜において、より高い耐ファウリング性を実現することを目的とする。
[2]前記親水性高分子が以下の(A)及び(B)を満たす、[1]に記載の複合半透膜。
(A)前記親水性高分子の25℃、75%RH条件下での含水率が40%以上である。
(B)前記親水性高分子の全反射赤外吸収測定において、25℃、75%RH条件下と絶乾条件下の差スペクトルの3700~2900cm-1間のピークトップの波数が、3350cm-1以上3500cm-1以下である。
[3]前記親水性高分子の25℃、75%RH条件下での含水率が60%以上である、[1]または[2]に記載の複合半透膜。
[4]前記親水性高分子が、少なくとも1つの酸性基を有する高分子である、[1]~[3]のいずれか1つに記載の複合半透膜。
[5]前記酸性基が、カルボキシ基、スルホン酸基、ホスホン酸基及びリン酸基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの基である、[4]に記載の複合半透膜。
[6]前記親水性高分子が、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸及びマレイン酸からなる群から選択されるいずれか1種の化合物由来の成分を含む重合体である、[1]~[5]のいずれか1つに記載の複合半透膜。
[7]前記分離機能層表面の全反射赤外吸収測定において、25℃、3%RH条件下のスペクトルの吸光度比(I1720:1720cm-1の吸収ピーク値/I1610:1610cm-1の吸収ピーク値)が0.10以上0.50以下かつ、前記吸光度比の標準偏差が0.05以上である、[1]~[6]のいずれか1つに記載の複合半透膜。
[8]前記親水性高分子と前記架橋ポリアミドがアミド結合で結合している、[1]~[7]のいずれか1つに記載の複合半透膜。
[9]基材と、前記基材上に形成される多孔性支持層と、前記多孔性支持層上に形成される分離機能層とを備える複合半透膜の製造方法であって、(a)多官能アミンを含有する水溶液と、多官能酸ハロゲン化物を有機溶媒に溶解した溶液とを用い、前記基材及び前記多孔性支持層を含む支持膜の表面で界面重縮合を行うことにより、架橋ポリアミドを形成する工程、(b)上記工程(a)で得られた架橋ポリアミドに化学結合により親水性高分子を導入する工程、(c)前記架橋ポリアミドのアミノ基を官能基変換する試薬に接触させる工程、をこの順に行うことで前記分離機能層を形成し、かつ、前記工程(b)が、(d)上記工程(a)で得られた架橋ポリアミドと、前記親水性高分子を含む溶液を接触させる工程と、(e)上記工程(a)で得られた架橋ポリアミドと前記親水性高分子との化学結合の形成を促進する工程を含む、複合半透膜の製造方法。
[10]前記工程(b)において、前記親水性高分子としてカルボン酸誘導体を用い、前記架橋ポリアミド中のアミノ基と前記カルボン酸誘導体によりアミド結合を形成する、[9]に記載の複合半透膜の製造方法。
[11]前記工程(e)が、加熱、求核触媒の添加、及びルイス酸の添加からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つを行うことを含む、[9]または[10]に記載の複合半透膜の製造方法。
また、親水性高分子が適度なバラツキで膜の表面に存在しているので、親水性高分子が密に存在する部分では水和水が多く含まれた水和水層が形成され、疎な部分では親水性高分子の運動性が高く、付着したファウラント成分が剥離しやすくなる効果がある。
本発明の複合半透膜は、基材及び多孔性支持層を含む支持膜と、多孔性支持層上に設けられた分離機能層からなり、多孔性支持層は、架橋ポリアミド(以下、単に「ポリアミド」と称することもある。)とエチレン性不飽和基を有するモノマーの重合体である親水性高分子とを含む。
分離機能層は、複合半透膜において溶質の分離機能を担う層である。分離機能層の組成及び厚み等の構成は、複合半透膜の使用目的に合わせて設定される。
分離機能層は、具体的には、多官能アミンと多官能酸ハロゲン化物との界面重縮合によって得られる架橋ポリアミド及びエチレン性不飽和基を有するモノマーの重合体である親水性高分子から形成される。
特に水への溶解性を向上させる効果や、負電荷を有するファウラントの付着を低減させる効果から、本発明の親水性高分子は少なくとも一つの酸性基を有することが好ましい。
I1720は親水性高分子中のカルボニル基に由来するピーク、I1610はポリアミド中のアミド基に由来するピークであり、ポリアミド量に対する親水性高分子の量を示す値である。親水性高分子量が少なくすぎると耐ファウリング性が不十分であり、多すぎると抵抗が大きくなり、透水性が低下するため、前記吸光度比が0.10以上、0.50以下であることが好ましい。
支持膜は、分離機能層に強度を与えるためのものであり、それ自体は、実質的にイオン等の分離性能を有さない。支持膜は、基材と多孔性支持層を含む。
支持膜における孔のサイズや分布は特に限定されないが、例えば、均一で微細な孔、あるいは分離機能層が形成される側の表面からもう一方の面まで徐々に大きな微細孔をもち、かつ、分離機能層が形成される側の表面における微細孔の大きさが0.1nm以上100nm以下であるような支持膜が好ましい。
支持膜は、例えば、基材上に高分子重合体を流延することで、基材上に多孔性支持層を形成することにより得ることができる。支持膜に使用する材料やその形状は特に限定されない。
基材に用いられる布帛としては、長繊維不織布や短繊維不織布を好ましく用いることができる。基材上に高分子重合体の溶液を流延した際にそれが過浸透により裏抜けしたり、基材と多孔性支持層が剥離したり、さらには基材の毛羽立ち等により膜の不均一化やピンホール等の欠点が生じたりすることがないような優れた製膜性が要求されることから、長繊維不織布をより好ましく用いることができる。
具体的には、次の化学式に示す繰り返し単位からなるポリスルホンを用いると、支持膜の孔径が制御しやすく、寸法安定性が高いため好ましい。
次に、上記複合半透膜の製造方法について説明する。製造方法は、支持膜の形成工程及び分離機能層の形成工程を含む。
支持膜の形成工程は、基材に高分子溶液を塗布する工程及び高分子溶液を塗布した前記基材を凝固浴に浸漬させて高分子を凝固させる工程を含む。
基材に高分子溶液を塗布する工程において、高分子溶液は、多孔性支持層の成分である高分子を、その高分子の良溶媒に溶解して調製する。
次に、複合半透膜を構成する分離機能層の形成工程を説明する。本発明の分離機能層の形成工程は、
(a)多官能アミンを含有する水溶液と、多官能酸ハロゲン化物を有機溶媒に溶解した溶液とを用い、前記基材及び前記多孔性支持層を含む支持膜の表面で界面重縮合を行うことにより、架橋ポリアミドを形成する工程、
(b)得られた架橋ポリアミドに化学結合により親水性高分子を導入する工程、
(c)前記架橋ポリアミドのアミノ基を官能基変換する試薬に接触させる工程、
の順に行い、前記工程(b)は、(d)上記工程(a)で得られた架橋ポリアミドと、前記親水性高分子を含む溶液を接触させる工程と、(e)上記工程(a)で得られた架橋ポリアミドと前記親水性高分子との化学結合の形成を促進する工程を含む。
工程(a)において、多官能酸ハロゲン化物を溶解する有機溶媒としては、水と非混和性のものであって、支持膜を破壊しないものであり、かつ、架橋ポリアミドの生成反応を阻害しないものであればいずれであってもよい。代表例としては、液状の炭化水素、トリクロロトリフルオロエタン等のハロゲン化炭化水素が挙げられる。オゾン層を破壊しない物質であることや入手のしやすさ、取り扱いの容易さ、取り扱い上の安全性を考慮すると、オクタン、ノナン、デカン、ウンデカン、ドデカン、トリデカン、テトラデカン、ヘプタデカン、ヘキサデカン、シクロオクタン、エチルシクロヘキサン、1-オクテン、1-デセン等の単体あるいはこれらの混合物が好ましく用いられる。
本発明の複合半透膜は、プラスチックネット等の原水流路材と、トリコット等の透過水流路材と、必要に応じて耐圧性を高めるためのフィルムと共に、多数の孔を穿設した筒状の集水管の周りに巻回され、スパイラル型の複合半透膜エレメントとして好適に用いられる。さらに、このエレメントを直列または並列に接続して圧力容器に収納した複合半透膜モジュールとすることもできる。
複合半透膜に、温度25℃、pH7、塩化ナトリウム濃度2,000ppmに調整した評価水を操作圧力1.55MPaで供給して膜ろ過処理を行なった。供給水及び透過水の電気伝導度を東亜電波工業株式会社製の電気伝導度計「WM-50EG」で測定して、それぞれの実用塩分、すなわちNaCl濃度を得た。こうして得られたNaCl濃度及び下記式に基づいて、NaCl除去率を算出した。
NaCl除去率(%)=100×{1-(透過水中のNaCl濃度/供給水中のNaCl濃度)}
前項の試験において、供給水(NaCl水溶液)の膜透過水量を測定し、膜面1平方メートル当たり、1日の透水量(立方メートル)に換算した値を膜透過流束(m3/m2/日)とした。
膜性能の測定は以下のように行った。初めに、25℃、pH6.5、NaCl濃度が2,000mg/Lである水溶液を1.55MPaの圧力で1時間ろ過したときの透過水量を測定し、初期透過水量(F1)とした。続いてポリオキシエチレン(10)オクチルフェニルエーテルを100mg/Lの濃度となるように水溶液に加えて1時間ろ過したときの透過水量をF2とし、F2/F1の値を算出した。
前記F2/F1の値について、製膜時の複合半透膜の値をF3、pH1の硫酸水溶液に20時間浸漬した後の複合半透膜の値をF4としてF4/F3の値を算出し、複合膜の耐久性(耐薬品性)を求めた。
親水性高分子を水に溶解し、pH7に調整した後、凍結乾燥により粉末を得た。得られた粉末を25℃、75%RHに調整した雰囲気下にて重量変化が0.1%以下となるまで静置し、重量を測定した。その後、50℃で24時間加熱乾燥し、乾燥後の重量を測定した。それぞれ得られた重量から前記式(1)より含水率を算出した。
親水性高分子を、25℃、75%RH及び3%RHに調整した雰囲気下にて重量変化が0.1%以下となるまで静置した。Nicolet株式会社製Avatar360 FT-IR測定機を用い、全反射測定用のアクセサリーとして同社製の一回反射型水平状ATR測定装置(OMNI-Sampler)及びゲルマニウム製のATRクリスタルを用いて、多孔質体表面に赤外線を照射することで、スペクトルを得た。測定条件として、分解能を4cm-1に設定し、スキャン回数を256回に設定した。また、こうして得られたスペクトルについて、オートベースライン補正を行った。このようにして得られた各湿度条件のスペクトルについて差分をとり、差スペクトルの2900~3600cm-1のピークのピークトップ波数を確認した。また、複合半透膜についても同様にして調整を行い、任意の30点の複合半透膜表面のスペクトルを測定し、1720cm-1と1610cm-1のピーク強度比I1720/I1610、及び標準偏差を算出した。
X線光電子分光法によりO/N比を測定した。まず、膜サンプルを50℃で24時間真空乾燥して水分を十分に除去した。X線光電子分光装置(K-alpha:サーモフィッシャー・サイエンティフィック社製)を用いて、光電子の検出角度90度で任意の30点の分離機能層表面の元素組成比を測定し、O/N比の平均値及び標準偏差を算出した。
通気度は、JIS L1096(2010)に基づき、フラジール形試験機によって測定した。基材を200mm×200mmの大きさに切り出し、フラジール形試験機に取り付け、傾斜形気圧計が125Paの圧力になるように吸込みファン及び空気孔を調整し、このときの垂直形気圧計の示す圧力と使用した空気孔の種類から通気度を求めた。フラジール形試験機は、カトーテック株式会社製KES-F8-AP1を使用した。
(比較例1)
長繊維からなるポリエステル不織布(通気度2.0cc/cm2/sec)上にポリスルホン(PSf)の15.0重量%DMF溶液を25℃の条件下でキャストし、ただちに純水中に浸漬して5分間放置することによって、多孔性支持層の厚みが40μmである支持膜を作製した。
比較例1で得られた複合半透膜を、pH3、35℃に調整した0.3重量%の亜硝酸ナトリウム水溶液に1分間浸漬した。なお、亜硝酸ナトリウムのpHの調整は硫酸で行った。次に0.1重量%の亜硫酸ナトリウム水溶液に35℃で2分間浸漬することで、比較例2の複合半透膜を得た。得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は表1に示す値であった。
比較例1で得られた複合半透膜をポリアクリル酸(重量平均分子量25,000、和光純薬社製)100ppmとDMT-MM0.1重量%を含む水溶液に20℃で24時間接触させた後、水洗した。得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は表1に示す値であった。
比較例1で得られた複合半透膜をポリアクリル酸(重量平均分子量25,000、和光純薬社製)100ppm水溶液に20℃で24時間接触させた後、水洗した。得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は表1に示す値であった。
ポリアクリル酸(重量平均分子量25,000、和光純薬社製)0.1gに塩化チオニルを0.5g加え、20時間加熱還流させた後、減圧留去により過剰な塩化チオニルを除いた。得られた固形分にヘキサン100gを加え、比較例1で得られた複合半透膜にスプレー塗布した。その後、4-ジメチルアミノピリジン10ppmヘキサン溶液を添加して25℃で10分間静置し、水洗した。次に、pH3、35℃に調整した0.3重量%の亜硝酸ナトリウム水溶液に1分間浸漬した。なお、亜硝酸ナトリウムのpHの調整は硫酸で行った。さらに0.1重量%の亜硫酸ナトリウム水溶液に35℃で2分間浸漬することで、実施例1の複合半透膜を得た。得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は表1に示す値であった。
比較例1で得られた複合半透膜をポリアクリル酸(重量平均分子量25,000、和光純薬社製)100ppmとDMT-MM0.1重量%を含む水溶液に接触させた後、4-ジメチルアミノピリジン10ppm水溶液を添加して10分間静置し、水洗した。次に、pH3、35℃に調整した0.3重量%の亜硝酸ナトリウム水溶液に1分間浸漬した。なお、亜硝酸ナトリウムのpHの調整は硫酸で行った。さらに0.1重量%の亜硫酸ナトリウム水溶液に35℃で2分間浸漬することで、実施例2の複合半透膜を得た。得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は表1に示す値であった。
比較例1で得られた複合半透膜をポリアクリル酸(重量平均分子量25,000、和光純薬社製)100ppmとDMT-MM0.1重量%を含む水溶液に接触させた後、80℃に加熱して4分間静置し、水洗した。次に、pH3、35℃に調整した0.3重量%の亜硝酸ナトリウム水溶液に1分間浸漬した。なお、亜硝酸ナトリウムのpHの調整は硫酸で行った。さらに0.1重量%の亜硫酸ナトリウム水溶液に35℃で2分間浸漬することで、実施例3の複合半透膜を得た。得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は表1に示す値であった。
ポリアクリル酸に代えてポリアクリル酸-マレイン酸共重合体(重量平均分子量10,000、商品名:A-6330、東亞合成社製)を用いた以外は実施例3と同様の手法にて複合半透膜を作製した。得られた複合半透膜を評価したところ、膜性能は表1に示す値であった。
Claims (11)
- 基材及び多孔性支持層を含む支持膜と、前記多孔性支持層上に設けられた分離機能層からなる複合半透膜であって、
前記分離機能層が、架橋ポリアミドと、エチレン性不飽和基を有するモノマーの重合体である親水性高分子とを含み、
前記分離機能層表面の、X線光電子分光法により測定された窒素原子の原子数に対する酸素原子の原子数の比(O/N比)が1.5以上10以下かつ、前記比の標準偏差が0.15以上である、複合半透膜。 - 前記親水性高分子が以下の(A)及び(B)を満たす、請求項1に記載の複合半透膜。
(A)前記親水性高分子の25℃、75%RH条件下での含水率が40%以上である。
(B)前記親水性高分子の全反射赤外吸収測定において、25℃、75%RH条件下と絶乾条件下の差スペクトルの3700~2900cm-1間のピークトップの波数が、3350cm-1以上3500cm-1以下である。 - 前記親水性高分子の25℃、75%RH条件下での含水率が60%以上である、請求項1または2に記載の複合半透膜。
- 前記親水性高分子が、少なくとも1つの酸性基を有する高分子である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の複合半透膜。
- 前記酸性基が、カルボキシ基、スルホン酸基、ホスホン酸基及びリン酸基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの基である、請求項4に記載の複合半透膜。
- 前記親水性高分子が、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸及びマレイン酸からなる群から選択されるいずれか1種の化合物由来の成分を含む重合体である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の複合半透膜。
- 前記分離機能層表面の全反射赤外吸収測定において、25℃、3%RH条件下のスペクトルの吸光度比(I1720:1720cm-1の吸収ピーク値/I1610:1610cm-1の吸収ピーク値)が0.10以上0.50以下かつ、前記吸光度比の標準偏差が0.05以上である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の複合半透膜。
- 前記親水性高分子と前記架橋ポリアミドがアミド結合で結合している、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の複合半透膜。
- 基材と、前記基材上に形成される多孔性支持層と、前記多孔性支持層上に形成される分離機能層とを備える複合半透膜の製造方法であって、
(a)多官能アミンを含有する水溶液と、多官能酸ハロゲン化物を有機溶媒に溶解した溶液とを用い、前記基材及び前記多孔性支持層を含む支持膜の表面で界面重縮合を行うことにより、架橋ポリアミドを形成する工程、
(b)上記工程(a)で得られた架橋ポリアミドに化学結合により親水性高分子を導入する工程、
(c)前記架橋ポリアミドのアミノ基を官能基変換する試薬に接触させる工程、をこの順に行うことで前記分離機能層を形成し、
かつ、前記工程(b)が、
(d)上記工程(a)で得られた架橋ポリアミドと、前記親水性高分子を含む溶液を接触させる工程と、
(e)上記工程(a)で得られた架橋ポリアミドと前記親水性高分子との化学結合の形成を促進する工程を含む、複合半透膜の製造方法。 - 前記工程(b)において、前記親水性高分子としてカルボン酸誘導体を用い、前記架橋ポリアミド中のアミノ基と前記カルボン酸誘導体によりアミド結合を形成する、請求項9に記載の複合半透膜の製造方法。
- 前記工程(e)が、加熱、求核触媒の添加、及びルイス酸の添加からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つを行うことを含む、請求項9または10に記載の複合半透膜の製造方法。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020187037596A KR102315570B1 (ko) | 2016-06-29 | 2017-06-29 | 복합 반투막 및 복합 반투막의 제조 방법 |
CN201780040341.3A CN109414660A (zh) | 2016-06-29 | 2017-06-29 | 复合半透膜及复合半透膜的制造方法 |
US16/314,295 US11198100B2 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2017-06-29 | Composite semipermeable membrane and method for producing composite semipermeable membrane |
EP17820297.4A EP3479892A4 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2017-06-29 | SEMIPERMEABLE COMPOSITE MEMBRANE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SEMIPERMEABLE COMPOSITE MEMBRANE |
JP2017535469A JP6943180B2 (ja) | 2016-06-29 | 2017-06-29 | 複合半透膜及び複合半透膜の製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2016128625 | 2016-06-29 | ||
JP2016128624 | 2016-06-29 | ||
JP2016-128624 | 2016-06-29 | ||
JP2016-128625 | 2016-06-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2018003943A1 true WO2018003943A1 (ja) | 2018-01-04 |
Family
ID=60785398
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2017/024017 WO2018003943A1 (ja) | 2016-06-29 | 2017-06-29 | 複合半透膜及び複合半透膜の製造方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11198100B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3479892A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6943180B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102315570B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN109414660A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2018003943A1 (ja) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018198679A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-01 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜及びその製造方法 |
WO2019168137A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-06 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜および複合半透膜エレメント |
WO2019168138A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-06 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜および複合半透膜エレメント |
JP2020069435A (ja) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-05-07 | 東レ株式会社 | 表面改質剤、表面改質方法および表面改質分離膜 |
JP2020535595A (ja) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-12-03 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 架橋ポリオレフィン分離膜及びその製造方法 |
WO2024048695A1 (ja) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-03-07 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜及び複合半透膜の製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017022694A1 (ja) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-09 | 東レ株式会社 | 分離膜、分離膜エレメント、浄水器および分離膜の製造方法 |
EP3479892A4 (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2020-02-26 | Toray Industries, Inc. | SEMIPERMEABLE COMPOSITE MEMBRANE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SEMIPERMEABLE COMPOSITE MEMBRANE |
KR102061543B1 (ko) * | 2017-01-31 | 2020-01-02 | 도레이 카부시키가이샤 | 복합 반투막 및 복합 반투막의 제조 방법 |
JP7027364B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-12 | 2022-03-01 | 日東電工株式会社 | 硫酸イオン除去システム及び方法 |
JP2021159784A (ja) * | 2020-03-30 | 2021-10-11 | 東洋紡株式会社 | ポリフェニレン系半透膜およびその製造方法 |
US11534719B1 (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2022-12-27 | Gradiant Corporation | Membranes with controlled porosity for serial filtration |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2000176263A (ja) * | 1998-10-05 | 2000-06-27 | Toray Ind Inc | 複合半透膜およびその製造方法 |
JP2001286741A (ja) * | 2000-04-04 | 2001-10-16 | Toray Ind Inc | 逆浸透複合膜およびその製造方法 |
JP2010012455A (ja) * | 2008-07-02 | 2010-01-21 | Woongjin Chemical Co Ltd | 高い耐汚染性を有する選択的分離膜及びその製造方法 |
WO2014133130A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-04 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜およびその製造方法 |
WO2014133133A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-04 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜 |
WO2016002819A1 (ja) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-01-07 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3929648C1 (ja) * | 1989-09-06 | 1990-11-29 | Sartorius Gmbh, 3400 Goettingen, De | |
US4964998A (en) * | 1989-12-13 | 1990-10-23 | Filmtec Corporation | Use of treated composite polyamide membranes to separate concentrated solute |
US6280853B1 (en) * | 1999-06-10 | 2001-08-28 | The Dow Chemical Company | Composite membrane with polyalkylene oxide modified polyamide surface |
IL164122A (en) * | 2004-09-19 | 2009-09-22 | Charles Linder | Process for improving membranes |
PL2313184T3 (pl) | 2008-08-05 | 2013-03-29 | Polymers Crc Ltd | Sposób wytwarzania funkcjonalizowanych cienkowarstwowych membran poliamidowych |
WO2011108580A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-04 | 2011-09-09 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 高分子水処理膜及びその製造方法 |
KR101440971B1 (ko) * | 2012-01-05 | 2014-09-17 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 내오염성이 우수한 역삼투막 및 그 제조방법 |
US20150157990A1 (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2015-06-11 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Composite polyamide membrane with carboxylic acid functionality |
CN104619403B (zh) * | 2012-09-26 | 2018-01-30 | 东丽株式会社 | 复合半透膜 |
JP5804616B2 (ja) | 2012-11-05 | 2015-11-04 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 耐汚染性に優れたポリアミド系水処理分離膜、その製造方法、水処理モジュール及び水処理装置 |
CN103143270A (zh) * | 2013-03-19 | 2013-06-12 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | 亲水性反渗透复合膜及其制备方法 |
EP3053643A4 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2017-06-21 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Composite semipermeable membrane and method for manufacturing same |
EP3479892A4 (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2020-02-26 | Toray Industries, Inc. | SEMIPERMEABLE COMPOSITE MEMBRANE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SEMIPERMEABLE COMPOSITE MEMBRANE |
-
2017
- 2017-06-29 EP EP17820297.4A patent/EP3479892A4/en active Pending
- 2017-06-29 JP JP2017535469A patent/JP6943180B2/ja active Active
- 2017-06-29 KR KR1020187037596A patent/KR102315570B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2017-06-29 WO PCT/JP2017/024017 patent/WO2018003943A1/ja unknown
- 2017-06-29 CN CN201780040341.3A patent/CN109414660A/zh active Pending
- 2017-06-29 US US16/314,295 patent/US11198100B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2000176263A (ja) * | 1998-10-05 | 2000-06-27 | Toray Ind Inc | 複合半透膜およびその製造方法 |
JP2001286741A (ja) * | 2000-04-04 | 2001-10-16 | Toray Ind Inc | 逆浸透複合膜およびその製造方法 |
JP2010012455A (ja) * | 2008-07-02 | 2010-01-21 | Woongjin Chemical Co Ltd | 高い耐汚染性を有する選択的分離膜及びその製造方法 |
WO2014133130A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-04 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜およびその製造方法 |
WO2014133133A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-04 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜 |
WO2016002819A1 (ja) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-01-07 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜 |
Cited By (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPWO2018198679A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-28 | 2020-02-27 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜及びその製造方法 |
JP7010216B2 (ja) | 2017-04-28 | 2022-01-26 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜及びその製造方法 |
WO2018198679A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-01 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜及びその製造方法 |
US10960360B2 (en) | 2018-02-28 | 2021-03-30 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Composite semipermeable membrane and composite semipermeable membrane element |
US11090614B2 (en) | 2018-02-28 | 2021-08-17 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Composite semipermeable membrane and composite semipermeable membrane element |
KR20200106213A (ko) * | 2018-02-28 | 2020-09-11 | 도레이 카부시키가이샤 | 복합 반투막 및 복합 반투막 엘리먼트 |
KR20200106214A (ko) * | 2018-02-28 | 2020-09-11 | 도레이 카부시키가이샤 | 복합 반투막 및 복합 반투막 엘리먼트 |
CN111787998A (zh) * | 2018-02-28 | 2020-10-16 | 东丽株式会社 | 复合半透膜及复合半透膜元件 |
JP7255478B2 (ja) | 2018-02-28 | 2023-04-11 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜および複合半透膜エレメント |
JPWO2019168137A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-28 | 2020-12-17 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜および複合半透膜エレメント |
JPWO2019168138A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-28 | 2021-01-07 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜および複合半透膜エレメント |
KR102233177B1 (ko) | 2018-02-28 | 2021-03-29 | 도레이 카부시키가이샤 | 복합 반투막 및 복합 반투막 엘리먼트 |
WO2019168138A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-06 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜および複合半透膜エレメント |
KR102253557B1 (ko) * | 2018-02-28 | 2021-05-18 | 도레이 카부시키가이샤 | 복합 반투막 및 복합 반투막 엘리먼트 |
JP7151703B2 (ja) | 2018-02-28 | 2022-10-12 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜および複合半透膜エレメント |
CN111787998B (zh) * | 2018-02-28 | 2021-08-24 | 东丽株式会社 | 复合半透膜及复合半透膜元件 |
WO2019168137A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-06 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜および複合半透膜エレメント |
JP2022075879A (ja) * | 2018-07-26 | 2022-05-18 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 架橋ポリオレフィン分離膜及びその製造方法 |
JP7072646B2 (ja) | 2018-07-26 | 2022-05-20 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 架橋ポリオレフィン分離膜及びその製造方法 |
JP2020535595A (ja) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-12-03 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 架橋ポリオレフィン分離膜及びその製造方法 |
US11718723B2 (en) | 2018-07-26 | 2023-08-08 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Crosslinked polyolefin separator and manufacturing method therefor |
JP7147476B2 (ja) | 2018-10-31 | 2022-10-05 | 東レ株式会社 | 表面改質剤、表面改質方法および表面改質分離膜 |
JP2020069435A (ja) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-05-07 | 東レ株式会社 | 表面改質剤、表面改質方法および表面改質分離膜 |
WO2024048695A1 (ja) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-03-07 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜及び複合半透膜の製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3479892A1 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
US20200188861A1 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
JP6943180B2 (ja) | 2021-09-29 |
CN109414660A (zh) | 2019-03-01 |
KR20190022562A (ko) | 2019-03-06 |
JPWO2018003943A1 (ja) | 2019-04-18 |
US11198100B2 (en) | 2021-12-14 |
EP3479892A4 (en) | 2020-02-26 |
KR102315570B1 (ko) | 2021-10-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6943180B2 (ja) | 複合半透膜及び複合半透膜の製造方法 | |
JP6492663B2 (ja) | 複合半透膜およびその製造方法 | |
JP6032011B2 (ja) | 複合半透膜 | |
JP6485540B2 (ja) | 複合半透膜およびその製造方法 | |
JP6481366B2 (ja) | 複合半透膜 | |
KR102120689B1 (ko) | 복합 반투막 및 그의 제조 방법 | |
KR102293090B1 (ko) | 복합 반투막 | |
KR102497473B1 (ko) | 복합 반투막 | |
WO2014133133A1 (ja) | 複合半透膜 | |
JP7167442B2 (ja) | 複合半透膜及びその製造方法 | |
WO2024048695A1 (ja) | 複合半透膜及び複合半透膜の製造方法 | |
JP2019042619A (ja) | 複合半透膜 | |
JP2015116539A (ja) | 複合半透膜およびその製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2017535469 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 17820297 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20187037596 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2017820297 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20190129 |