WO2017219498A1 - 发酵豆粕及其制备方法 - Google Patents

发酵豆粕及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2017219498A1
WO2017219498A1 PCT/CN2016/097643 CN2016097643W WO2017219498A1 WO 2017219498 A1 WO2017219498 A1 WO 2017219498A1 CN 2016097643 W CN2016097643 W CN 2016097643W WO 2017219498 A1 WO2017219498 A1 WO 2017219498A1
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soybean meal
fermented soybean
chinese medicine
fermented
honeysuckle
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PCT/CN2016/097643
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English (en)
French (fr)
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潘军
苏全
张伟强
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广州博善生物科技股份有限公司
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of biological fermentation, in particular to a fermented soybean meal and a preparation method thereof.
  • soybean meal is a by-product of soybean oil extraction and is a high protein.
  • Cardamom is the main raw material for the production of livestock and poultry feed and is widely used in poultry and aquaculture.
  • the bio-fermentation of soybean meal can remove the anti-nutritional factors in soybean meal, and the fermented soybean meal contains a large amount of probiotic components, has high biological activity, can improve the microbial balance of the intestinal tract of the animal, and supplements a large amount of active probiotic bacteria in the intestine. It inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella, improves the immunity of livestock and poultry, and reduces the occurrence of diseases.
  • a method for preparing fermented soybean meal comprises the following steps:
  • Step S10 pulverizing the edible Chinese medicine plant to obtain a feedable Chinese medicine plant powder
  • Step S20 mixing the edible Chinese herbal medicine powder, soybean meal, sugar-containing substance and water according to a preset mass ratio to obtain a soybean meal mixture;
  • Step S30 performing the fermentation operation on the soybean meal mixture to obtain the fermented soybean meal.
  • the forageable Chinese medicine plant comprises at least one of honeysuckle and houttuynia.
  • step S10 the edible Chinese herbal plant is pulverized by an ultrafine pulverization method.
  • the edible Chinese herbal plant powder has a particle size of 20 mesh to 40 mesh.
  • the sugar-containing substance comprises at least one of corn steep meal and honey.
  • the predetermined mass ratio is (0.1 to 5): (95 to 100): (0.1 to 5): (25 to 35).
  • step S30 the fermentation operation is carried out at 25 ° C to 40 ° C.
  • step S30 the fermentation operation is performed under a temperature condition of 25 ° C to 35 ° C and sealed.
  • step S30 the following steps are further included:
  • the fermented soybean meal is sequentially subjected to drying, pulverization, and packaging operations.
  • a fermented soybean meal prepared by the preparation method of any of the fermented soybean meal described above.
  • the fermented soybean meal prepared by the preparation method of the above fermented soybean meal is used as animal feed or animal feed additive.
  • the feeding object that is, the animal is more digestible and absorbable, can replace the fish meal for aquatic feed and pig and chicken.
  • the fermented soybean meal contains a plurality of feedable Chinese herbal medicine components and a plurality of probiotics metabolites for improving the intestinal environment, and the feeding object can significantly reduce the diarrhea of the piglets after being fed by the fermented soybean meal. It has the chance of occurrence, and has the advantages of no toxic side effects, no pollution and no harmful substances, especially no drug resistance, which is in line with the development trend of “feed ban”.
  • the fermented soybean meal has a higher feed conversion rate, that is, the nutrient absorption rate of the fermented soybean meal by the feeding object is higher than that of the traditional feed, and the feeding object can be promoted, for example, the pig grows healthily and rapidly, and can satisfy the safety of the livestock and poultry products. Production requirements can be widely used in a variety of feeding objects, such as piglets.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the steps of a method for preparing fermented soybean meal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a method for preparing fermented soybean meal comprises the following steps:
  • Step S10 pulverizing the edible Chinese medicine plant to obtain a feedable Chinese medicine plant powder.
  • the edible Chinese medicine plant can be pulverized for obtaining the edible Chinese medicine plant powder, so that the fermentable raw material such as the edible Chinese medicine plant and the soybean meal can be better mixed, which is advantageous for the subsequent fermentation process.
  • the edible Chinese herbal plant comprises at least one of honeysuckle and houttuynia; for example, in step S10, the edible Chinese herbal plant is pulverized by ultrafine pulverization; For example, in step S10, the edible Chinese herbal plant powder has a particle size of 20 mesh to 40 mesh.
  • Step S20 mixing the edible Chinese herbal medicine powder, soybean meal, sugar-containing substance and water in a predetermined mass ratio to obtain a soybean meal mixture.
  • step S20 the edible Chinese herbal plant powder, soybean meal, sugar-containing substance and water can be mixed to obtain a soybean meal mixture, and a fermented raw material is provided for preparing the final product fermented soybean meal.
  • the soybean meal is a by-product obtained by extracting soybean oil from soybean, wherein the soybean meal is divided into two kinds of soaked soybean meal and two dip soybean meal according to different extraction methods; wherein the soybean oil is extracted by extraction method;
  • the latter by-product is the soaked soybean meal; in addition, the by-product obtained by first taking the oil by pressing and then immersing the oil is referred to as the dip.
  • the sugar-containing substance comprises at least one of corn syrup powder and honey, which is better enough to promote the orderly progress of the fermentation process; for example, in step S20, the Chinese medicine plant can be fed.
  • the predetermined mass ratio of the powder, the soybean meal, the sugar-containing substance, and the water is (0.1 to 5): (95 to 100): (0.1 to 5): (25 to 35); and, for example, in step S20, The preset mass ratio is (2-5): (95-98): (1.05-5): (25-30); for example, in step S20, the preset mass ratio is 3:97: 10.5:30, in this way, a better quality of the soybean meal mixture can be provided for subsequent fermentation.
  • Step S30 performing the fermentation operation on the soybean meal mixture to obtain the fermented soybean meal.
  • the soybean meal mixture can be converted into fermented soybean meal by the fermentation operation of step S30, and the fermented soybean meal can produce a large amount of beneficial bacteria and organic acid during the fermentation process and after the fermentation process.
  • step S30 for example, the fermentation operation is carried out at 25 ° C to 40 ° C; for example, in step S30, at a temperature of 25 ° C to 35 ° C, and sealed for fermentation operation;
  • the method further includes the steps of: sequentially drying, pulverizing, and packaging the fermented soybean meal.
  • the preparation method of the fermented soybean meal is carried out by fermenting the edible Chinese medicine plant powder and the soybean meal as raw materials, and the fermented soybean meal is prepared and is suitable for direct production and feeding in the farm, and is also suitable for the large-scale fermentation production of the feed mill. Sales, low raw material costs, suitable for industrial production, process operation is simple.
  • the method for preparing the fermented soybean meal is prepared by fermenting the edible Chinese herbal plant powder and the soybean meal as raw materials, and the fermented soybean meal is prepared to produce a large amount of organic acids and beneficial bacteria during the fermentation process, and has strong wine flavor and sour taste, and is fed.
  • the palatability of the subject is stronger, that is, the degree of preference of the fermented soybean meal can be improved.
  • microorganisms such as those produced by the metabolism of fermenting bacteria, can enzymatically soften the edible Chinese herb plant cells, and are more conducive to the release of effective medicinal components of edible Chinese herbal plants. Absorbed and utilized, and can also cover the taste of Chinese herbal medicines that can be used for feeding Chinese herbal medicines, further improving the palatability of the feeding objects.
  • the fermented soybean meal prepared by the preparation method of the above fermented soybean meal is used as animal feed or animal feed additive.
  • the feeding object that is, the animal is more digestible and absorbable, can replace the fish meal for aquatic feed and pig and chicken.
  • the fermented soybean meal contains a plurality of feedable Chinese herbal medicine components and a plurality of probiotics metabolites for improving the intestinal environment, and the feeding object can significantly reduce the diarrhea of the piglets after being fed by the fermented soybean meal. It has the chance of occurrence, and has the advantages of no toxic side effects, no pollution and no harmful substances, especially no drug resistance, which is in line with the development trend of “feed ban”.
  • the fermented soybean meal has a higher feed conversion rate, that is, the nutrient absorption rate of the fermented soybean meal by the feeding object is higher than that of the traditional feed, and the feeding object can be promoted, for example, the pig grows healthily and rapidly, and can satisfy the safety of the livestock and poultry products. Production requirements can be widely used in a variety of feeding objects, such as piglets.
  • the fermented soybean meal is especially suitable for livestock breeding, such as piglets, chickens, ducks and geese.
  • the edible Chinese medicine plant comprises at least one of honeysuckle and houttuynia;
  • the edible Chinese medicine plants include honeysuckle and houttuynia, the mass ratio of the two is 1:0.35; for example, the edible Chinese medicine plants include star anise, houttuynia, honeysuckle, white lentils, white peony, Chuanxiong At least one of Eucommia ulmoides, dried ginger, Chinese prickly ash, Magnolia, Musk, Honeysuckle, dandelion, yam and jujube kernel; for example, the edible Chinese herb plant includes star anise, houttuynia, honeysuckle, white lentils , white peony root, Chuanxiong, eucommia, dried ginger, Chinese prickly ash
  • the edible Chinese medicine plant includes star anise, houttuynia, honeysuckle, white lentils, white peony.
  • the edible Chinese herbal plant includes star anise, houttuynia, honeysuckle, white lentils, white peony, Chuanxiong, Eucommia, dried ginger, Chinese prickly ash, Magnolia, musk, honeysuckle, dandelion, yam , Suanzaoren, Eucommia ulmoides, light bamboo leaves, alfalfa, honeysuckle, purslane, dandelion, licorice, orange peel and red clover
  • the edible Chinese herbal plant includes star anise, houttuynia, honeysuckle, white lentils, white peony, Chuanxiong, Eucommia, dried ginger, Chinese prickly ash, Magnolia, musk, honeysuckle, dandelion, yam , Suanzaoren, Eucommia ulmoides, light bamboo leaves, alfalfa, honeysuckle, purslane, dandelion
  • the root ratio of puerarin, radix astragali and berberine is also included, and the mass ratio of the three is 1:0.3:4.5 for lowering
  • the effect of the probability of diarrhea also has a mitigating effect on the symptoms of colds in piglets.
  • the peony is further used for the effect of reducing the probability of diarrhea, and has a mitigating effect on the stomach of the piglet. .
  • the method further comprises a Pulsatilla, for reducing the probability of diarrhea, especially the symptom of diarrhea with blood.
  • a Pulsatilla for reducing the probability of diarrhea, especially the symptom of diarrhea with blood.
  • the invention also includes ebony, Codonopsis, Gardenia, Atractylodes, Realgar, Ginger and Pomegranate, for example, ebony, Codonopsis , the mass ratio of medlar, atractylodes, realgar, ginger and pomegranate is 1:0.3:4.5:3.2:2.3:6.6:7.8, for the effect of reducing the probability of diarrhea, especially for newborn piglets
  • the diarrhea effect is excellent, which greatly reduces the human resources needed for breeding, and is especially suitable for large-scale and small-person breeding.
  • the edible Chinese medicine plant is pine needle powder
  • the composition and ratio of the feedable Chinese medicine plant according to an embodiment further include pine needle powder, and thus, in order to further improve the fermented soybean meal to the feeding object, such as improving the growth and development degree of the piglet, enhancing the disease resistance and Reproductive function.
  • the pine needle powder is collected from young shoots and needles trimmed from pine trees, dried and pulverized.
  • the fermented soybean meal for example, in step S30, introducing a fermentation bacterium to perform a fermentation operation; for example, the fermentation bacterium includes at least one of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and Bacillus subtilis, that is, one including the above species
  • the fermentation operation is carried out by a combination of a plurality of bacteria or a plurality of bacteria, so that the fermentation effect on the soybean meal mixture can be improved, and the fermented soybean meal having higher quality and better health care and nutrition effect can be obtained, and the fermented soybean meal has a richer wine flavor.
  • acidity pH value is 4.5-5.0
  • VBN volatile base nitrogen
  • small peptide conversion rate is above 10%.
  • the fermented soybean meal can be produced to produce more probiotics, oligopeptides, glutamic acid, lactic acid, vitamins, UGF (unknown growth factors). Active substances, etc., are more conducive to the rapid and healthy growth of the feeding object.
  • a fermentation temperature of 25 ° C to 35 ° C 5% to 14% of Lactobacillus plantarum or Lactobacillus casei, that is, 5% to 14% of Lactobacillus plantarum is also inoculated, and the fermentation effect is significantly improved;
  • a fermentation temperature of 35 ° C to 40 ° C 8% of Lactobacillus plantarum, that is, 8% of Lactobacillus plantarum, is also inoculated, and the fermentation effect is remarkably improved.
  • the soybean meal mixture also includes the following components: vitamin C, tea Phenol, citric acid, glucose and green tea powder, in the fermentation, further reduce the production of harmful substances, especially VBN (volatile base nitrogen), such as inhibition of nitrite production.
  • the soybean meal comprises a soaked soybean meal and a dip soybean meal, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:0.15, so that the The quality of the soybean meal mixture is used to prepare higher quality fermented soybean meal.
  • the fermented soybean meal prepared by the preparation method of the fermented soybean meal according to any of the above embodiments has the following advantages over the combination of the traditional feed or the traditional feed and the antibiotic; the fermentation is carried out by using a fermenting method in which the edible Chinese medicine plant and the soybean meal are combined.
  • the fermented soybean meal contains a variety of traditional Chinese medicine ingredients for improving the intestinal environment and various probiotics to improve the palatability of the soybean meal, increase the feed intake, and the Chinese medicine is more completely released after fermentation; in addition, the fermented soybean meal can be significantly Reduce the incidence of feeding, such as piglet diarrhea, and no toxic side effects, no pollution, no residue, no resistance, not only avoid the low profit problem of pure fermented soybean meal, but also reduce the complete fermentation of feedable Chinese medicine plants Technical difficulty.
  • Yet another example is a fermented soybean meal using the fermented soybean meal as described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the preparation method is prepared.
  • step (1) The edible Chinese herbal medicines such as honeysuckle and houttuynia obtained in step (1) are uniformly mixed according to 0-5%, corn syrup or molasses 0 to 5%, water 25 to 35%, and then 95 to 100. Mix the % cardamom to get a mixture of soybean meal.
  • the soybean meal mixture obtained in the step (2) is directly filled in a Boshan fermenter and sealed, and fermented; the fermentation is carried out at 25 to 40 ° C for not less than 5 to 7 days.
  • the fermented soybean meal fermented in the step (3) is dried at 70 ° C until the moisture content is 10 to 18%. After the pulverization, the product granules are kept at 1 to 1.5 mm and packaged.
  • the proportion of the soybean meal raw materials described in the step (1) is up to 95%, and the proportion of the edible Chinese herbal medicine plants is 0-5%.
  • the edible Chinese medicine plant additive is a catalogue permit
  • the Chinese herbal medicines for feeding include star anise, houttuynia, white lentils, white peony root, Chuanxiong, eucommia, dried ginger, pepper, magnolia, musk, honeysuckle, dandelion
  • yam, jujube, and the like for example, including Eucommia ulmoides, light bamboo leaves, alfalfa, honeysuckle, purslane, dandelion, licorice, orange peel and red clover.
  • the feedable Chinese medicine plant is pulverized by 20 mesh and mixed with soybean meal to obtain a soybean meal mixture.
  • the fermented soybean meal is dried, pulverized and packaged: the fermented soybean meal is dried at a temperature of 70 ° C in a dryer, pulverized by a pulverizer, and packaged after inspection.
  • one or several bacteria of lactic acid, yeast and Bacillus subtilis are fermented in combination.
  • the fermented soybean meal has a richer flavor and a sour taste; the pH is 4.5 to 5.0, the VBN is less than 50 mg/kg, and the small peptide conversion rate is above 10%.
  • the fermented soybean meal prepared in the above specific examples was subjected to a feeding test:
  • the fermented soybean meal was added to the traditional feed to study its effects on feed intake, weight gain, feed utilization and health status of weaned piglets. There were 3 columns in each of the experimental group and the control group, and 15 milk weaned pigs of 25 days old in each column. Observing the addition of anti-diarrhea fermented soybean meal to the feed improves the feed intake, weight gain, feed utilization and diarrhea of piglets. Experimental results: feed intake, weight gain and feed utilization of piglets after long-term feeding The rate is better than that of traditional feed, and the probability of diarrhea is significantly reduced.

Abstract

一种发酵豆粕及其制备方法，制备方法包括如下步骤：步骤S10：将可饲用中药植物进行粉碎处理，得到可饲用中药植物粉体；步骤S20：将可饲用中药植物粉体、豆粕、含糖物质及水按预设质量比例进行混合，得到豆粕混合物；步骤S30：将豆粕混合物进行发酵操作，得到发酵豆粕。上述发酵豆粕作为动物饲料，或动物饲料添加剂，动物更易消化和吸收。上述发酵豆粕含有多种改善肠道环境的可饲用中药植物成分和多种益生菌的代谢产物，喂养对象经发酵豆粕喂养后，能够明显降低仔猪腹泻的发生机率，且具有无毒副作用、无污染和无有害物质残留的优点，尤其是不产生耐药性，符合了"饲料禁抗"的发展趋势。

Description

发酵豆粕及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及生物发酵技术领域，特别是涉及一种发酵豆粕及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前，豆粕是大豆提取豆油后得到的一种副产品，是一种高蛋白质。豆粕是制作牲畜与家禽饲料的主要原料，广泛用于禽类和水产养殖业中。对豆粕进行生物发酵可除去豆粕中的抗营养因子，并且发酵后的豆粕含有大量的益生菌成分，具有较高的生物活性，可以改善动物肠道的微生物平衡，补充肠道大量的活性益生菌，抑制大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌等有害菌的生长，提高畜禽的免疫力，减少疾病的发生。
据报道，几乎所有的畜禽养殖户在养殖过程中都有在饲料里添加抗生素和激素现象。然而，畜禽大量使用抗生素会直接导致细菌耐药性增高，而耐药性增高意味着细菌变异，当变异由量变累积到一定程度后产生质变，就可能导致由这种细菌产生的疾病流行。大量使用抗生素会在肉品中残留并对人体健康构成威胁。经常食用含有抗生素的食品，即使是微量的，也能使人出现不良反应。在2015年，中国打响了“饲料禁抗”的第一枪，洛美沙星、培氟沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星4种兽药开始全面禁止在食品动物中使用，而随着形势的发展，未来必将会有更多的抗生素被禁止在动物饲料中添加使用，“饲料禁抗”已成为中国畜牧行业从业者们无法回避、必须正视的问题。
目前，对猪腹泻的预防国内外仍主要使用抗生素类药物，但由于长期、大量的抗生素给药，造成猪体内细菌耐药性的产生和药物残留及猪肉中抗生素残留，引起食品安全等一系列问题，危及人体健康。自1986年瑞典作为第一个国家全面禁止饲用抗生素在动物饲料中应用以来，一些发达国家如美国、日本和欧盟等国相继颁布了一些法规和措施，禁止和限制使用一些抗生素添加剂。2015年，中国打响了“饲料禁抗”的第一枪，洛美沙星、培氟沙星、氧氟沙星、诺 氟沙星4种兽药开始全面禁止在食品动物中使用。
随着“饲料禁抗”形势的发展，未来必将会有更多的抗生素被禁止在动物饲料中添加使用，“饲料禁抗”已成为中国畜牧行业从业者们无法回避、必须正视的问题。因此，探索一种高效安全且无抗生素添加的豆粕，用于作为饲料原料，此举势在必行。
发明内容
基于此，有必要提供一种无毒副作用且无抗生素添加的发酵豆粕及其制备方法。
一种发酵豆粕的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤S10：将可饲用中药植物进行粉碎处理，得到可饲用中药植物粉体；
步骤S20：将所述可饲用中药植物粉体、豆粕、含糖物质及水按预设质量比例进行混合，得到豆粕混合物；
步骤S30：将所述豆粕混合物进行发酵操作，得到所述发酵豆粕。
在其中一个实施例中，在步骤S10中，所述可饲用中药植物包括金银花和鱼腥草中的至少一种。
在其中一个实施例中，在步骤S10中，采用超微粉碎方式将可饲用中药植物进行粉碎处理。
在其中一个实施例中，在步骤S10中，所述可饲用中药植物粉体的粒径为20目～40目。
在其中一个实施例中，在步骤S20中，所述含糖物质包括玉米浆粉和蜂蜜中的至少一种。
在其中一个实施例中，在步骤S20中，所述预设质量比例为(0.1～5)∶(95～100)∶(0.1～5)∶(25～35)。
在其中一个实施例中，在步骤S30中，所述发酵操作在25℃～40℃的条件下进行。
在其中一个实施例中，在步骤S30中，在25℃～35℃的温度条件下，并且密封进行发酵操作。
在其中一个实施例中，在步骤S30之后，还包括如下步骤：
对所述发酵豆粕依次进行干燥、粉碎和包装操作。
一种发酵豆粕，采用任一所述的发酵豆粕的制备方法制备得到。
采用上述发酵豆粕的制备方法制备得到的发酵豆粕作为动物饲料，或动物饲料添加剂，一方面，相对于传统饲料，喂养对象，即动物更易消化和吸收，能够代替鱼粉用于水产饲料和猪、鸡饲料中；另一方面，所述发酵豆粕含有多种改善肠道环境的可饲用中药植物成分和多种益生菌的代谢产物，喂养对象经所述发酵豆粕喂养后，能够明显降低仔猪腹泻的发生机率，且具有无毒副作用、无污染和无有害物质残留的优点，尤其是不产生耐药性，符合了“饲料禁抗”的发展趋势。此外，所述发酵豆粕具有较高的饲料转化率，即喂养对象对所述发酵豆粕的营养吸收率高于传统饲料，能够促进喂养对象，如生猪健康快速生长，能够满足人们对畜禽产品安全生产的要求，可广泛使用于各种喂养对象，如仔猪饲养。
附图说明
图1为本发明一实施方式的发酵豆粕的制备方法的步骤流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似改进，因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
如图1所示，一实施方式的发酵豆粕的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤S10：将可饲用中药植物进行粉碎处理，得到可饲用中药植物粉体。
通过步骤S10能够将可饲用中药植物进行粉碎，用于得到可饲用中药植物粉体，从而可以更好将地可饲用中药植物与豆粕等发酵原料进行混合，利于后续的发酵工序。
例如，在步骤S10中，所述可饲用中药植物包括金银花和鱼腥草中的至少一种；又如，在步骤S10中，采用超微粉碎方式将可饲用中药植物进行粉碎处理；又如，在步骤S10中，所述可饲用中药植物粉体的粒径为20目～40目。
步骤S20：将所述可饲用中药植物粉体、豆粕、含糖物质及水按预设质量比例进行混合，得到豆粕混合物。
通过步骤S20，能够将所述可饲用中药植物粉体、豆粕、含糖物质及水进行混合，并得到豆粕混合物，为制备得到最终的产物发酵豆粕，提供了发酵原料。
一实施方式中，豆粕为是大豆提取豆油后得到的一种副产品，其中，所述豆粕按照提取的方法不同，分为一浸豆粕和二浸豆粕这两种；其中，以浸提法提取豆油后的副产品为所述一浸豆粕；此外，先以压榨取油，再经过浸提取油后所得的副产品称为所述二浸豆粕。
例如，在步骤S20中，所述含糖物质包括玉米浆粉和蜂蜜中的至少一种，更够更好地促进发酵过程的有序进行；又如，在步骤S20中，可饲用中药植物粉体、豆粕、含糖物质及水的所述预设质量比例为(0.1～5)∶(95～100)∶(0.1～5)∶(25～35)；又如，在步骤S20中，所述预设质量比例为(2～5)∶(95～98)∶(1.05～5)∶(25～30)；又如，在步骤S20中，所述预设质量比例为3∶97∶10.5∶30，这样，能够为后续的发酵提供更加优质的所述豆粕混合物。
步骤S30：将所述豆粕混合物进行发酵操作，得到所述发酵豆粕。
通过步骤S30的发酵操作，能够将所述豆粕混合物转化为发酵豆粕，在发酵过程中和发酵过程后，发酵豆粕能够产生大量的有益菌和有机酸。
在步骤S30中，；又如，所述发酵操作在25℃～40℃的条件下进行；又如，在步骤S30中，在25℃～35℃的温度条件下，并且密封进行发酵操作；又如，在步骤S30之后，还包括如下步骤：对所述发酵豆粕依次进行干燥、粉碎和包装操作。
上述发酵豆粕的制备方法通过将可饲用中药植物粉体和豆粕作为原料进行发酵，制备得到发酵豆粕既适合于在养殖场中直接生产并投喂，也适合于饲料厂规模化发酵生产后在进行销售，原料成本低，适合工业化生产，工艺流程操作简便。
上述发酵豆粕的制备方法通过将可饲用中药植物粉体和豆粕作为原料进行发酵，制备得到发酵豆粕在发酵过程中产生大量有机酸和有益菌，且具有较强的酒香味和酸味，对喂养对象的适口性更强，即可以提高喂养对象对发酵豆粕的喜爱程度。尤其需要指出的是，发酵过程中微生物，如发酵菌代谢产生的酶类，能够对可饲用中药植物细胞有酶解软化作用，更有利于可饲用中药植物的有效药用成分的释放、吸收和利用，且还能能够掩盖可饲用中药植物自身具有中草药味道，进一步提高了喂养对象的适口性。
采用上述发酵豆粕的制备方法制备得到的发酵豆粕作为动物饲料，或动物饲料添加剂，一方面，相对于传统饲料，喂养对象，即动物更易消化和吸收，能够代替鱼粉用于水产饲料和猪、鸡饲料中；另一方面，所述发酵豆粕含有多种改善肠道环境的可饲用中药植物成分和多种益生菌的代谢产物，喂养对象经所述发酵豆粕喂养后，能够明显降低仔猪腹泻的发生机率，且具有无毒副作用、无污染和无有害物质残留的优点，尤其是不产生耐药性，符合了“饲料禁抗”的发展趋势。此外，所述发酵豆粕具有较高的饲料转化率，即喂养对象对所述发酵豆粕的营养吸收率高于传统饲料，能够促进喂养对象，如生猪健康快速生长，能够满足人们对畜禽产品安全生产的要求，可广泛使用于各种喂养对象，如仔猪饲养。
所述发酵豆粕尤其适用于畜禽饲养，如，仔猪、鸡、鸭和鹅等。
为了改善喂养对象，尤其是仔猪的肠胃功能，用于降低喂养对象，尤其是仔猪的腹泻概率，例如，所述可饲用中药植物包括金银花和鱼腥草中的至少一种；又如，所述可饲用中药植物包括金银花和鱼腥草，两者的质量比例为1∶0.35；又如，所述可饲用中药植物包括八角茴香、鱼腥草、金银花、白扁豆、白芍、川芎、杜仲、干姜、花椒、厚朴、藿香、金银花、蒲公英、山药和酸枣仁中的至少一种；又如，所述可饲用中药植物包括八角茴香、鱼腥草、金银花、白扁豆、白芍、川芎、杜仲、干姜、花椒、厚朴、藿香、金银花、蒲公英、山药和酸枣仁；又如，八角茴香、鱼腥草、金银花、白扁豆、白芍、川芎、杜仲、干姜、花椒、厚朴、藿香、金银花、蒲公英、山药和酸枣仁的质量比例为(0.1～5)∶(0.1～10)∶(0.1～6)∶(0.1～9.3)∶(0.1～4.8)∶(0.1～12.3)∶(0.1～0.8)∶ (0.1～15)∶(0.1～12)∶(0.1～11)∶(0.2～0.8)∶(0.3～1.1)∶(0.2～0.5)∶(2.1～15)∶(0.3～1)；又如，八角茴香、鱼腥草、金银花、白扁豆、白芍、川芎、杜仲、干姜、花椒、厚朴、藿香、金银花、蒲公英、山药和酸枣仁的质量比例为3∶10∶2∶2.5∶3.2∶8∶0.5∶0.4∶0.2∶0.3∶0.1∶0.5∶0.4∶5.5∶0.8，采用上述比例的八角茴香、鱼腥草、金银花、白扁豆、白芍、川芎、杜仲、干姜、花椒、厚朴、藿香、金银花、蒲公英、山药和酸枣仁对降低腹泻概率具有较好的效果；又如，所述可饲用中药植物包括杜仲叶、淡竹叶、茯苓、金银花、马齿苋、蒲公英、甘草、橘皮和红三叶草中的至少一种；又如，杜仲叶、淡竹叶、茯苓、金银花、马齿苋、蒲公英、甘草、橘皮和红三叶草的质量比例为(0.1～5)∶(0.1～10)∶(0.1～6)∶(0.1～9.3)∶(0.1～4.8)∶(0.1～0.9)∶(0.2～5.8)∶(0.1～1.3)∶(0.1～1.8)；又如，杜仲叶、淡竹叶、茯苓、金银花、马齿苋、蒲公英、甘草、橘皮和红三叶草的质量比例为0.5∶8∶5.5∶9.3∶4.2∶0.8∶3.5∶1.3∶1.2，这样，采用上述质量比例的各可饲用中药植物与豆粕进行混合发酵后，制备得到的发酵豆粕能够改善喂养对象，尤其是仔猪的肠胃功能，用于降低喂养对象，尤其是仔猪的腹泻概率。
为了进一步改善喂养对象，尤其是仔猪的肠胃功能，用于降低喂养对象，尤其是仔猪的腹泻概率，例如，所述可饲用中药植物包括八角茴香、鱼腥草、金银花、白扁豆、白芍、川芎、杜仲、干姜、花椒、厚朴、藿香、金银花、蒲公英、山药、酸枣仁、杜仲叶、淡竹叶、茯苓、金银花、马齿苋、蒲公英、甘草、橘皮和红三叶草中的至少一种；又如，所述可饲用中药植物包括八角茴香、鱼腥草、金银花、白扁豆、白芍、川芎、杜仲、干姜、花椒、厚朴、藿香、金银花、蒲公英、山药、酸枣仁、杜仲叶、淡竹叶、茯苓、金银花、马齿苋、蒲公英、甘草、橘皮和红三叶草；又如，八角茴香、鱼腥草、金银花、白扁豆、白芍、川芎、杜仲、干姜、花椒、厚朴、藿香、金银花、蒲公英、山药、酸枣仁、杜仲叶、淡竹叶、茯苓、金银花、马齿苋、蒲公英、甘草、橘皮和红三叶草质量比例为(0.1～5)∶(0.1～10)∶(0.1～6)∶(0.1～9.3)∶(0.1～4.8)∶(0.1～12.3)∶(0.1～0.8)∶(0.1～15)∶(0.1～12)∶(0.1～11)∶(0.1～5)∶(0.1～10)∶(0.1～6)∶(0.1～9.3)∶(0.1～4.8)∶(0.1～1.5)∶(0.1～0.9)∶(0.1～4.8)∶(0.1～5.6)∶ (0.1～8.9)∶(0.1～0.8)∶(0.1～15)∶(0.1～5)∶(0.1～2.3)；又如，八角茴香、鱼腥草、金银花、白扁豆、白芍、川芎、杜仲、干姜、花椒、厚朴、藿香、金银花、蒲公英、山药、酸枣仁、杜仲叶、淡竹叶、茯苓、金银花、马齿苋、蒲公英、甘草、橘皮和红三叶草质量比例为0.1～5∶3.5∶5.5∶7.8∶3.2∶12.3∶0.77∶13.6∶11.4∶10∶3.2∶8.8∶6∶9.3∶4.7∶1.5∶0.8∶4.7∶3.4∶8.5∶0.3∶13.4∶4.9∶1.7，这样，采用上述质量比例的各可饲用中药植物与豆粕进行混合发酵后，制备得到的发酵豆粕能够进一步改善喂养对象，尤其是仔猪的肠胃功能，用于降低喂养对象，尤其是仔猪的腹泻概率。
进一步的，基于上述任一实施例所述的可饲用中药植物的成分和配比的基础上，还包括葛根、黄芩和黄连，三者的质量比为1∶0.3∶4.5，用于在降低腹泻的概率的效果上，还对仔猪的感冒症状，具有缓和效果。更进一步的，基于上述任一实施例所述的可饲用中药植物的成分和配比的基础上，还包括芍药，用于在降低腹泻的概率的效果上，还对仔猪的肠胃具有缓和效果。更进一步的，基于上述任一实施例所述的可饲用中药植物的成分和配比的基础上，还包括白头翁，用于在降低腹泻的概率的效果上，尤其是腹泻物带血的症状具有显著的缓和效果。更进一步的，基于上述任一实施例所述的可饲用中药植物的成分和配比的基础上，还包括乌梅、党参、诃子、白术、雄黄、生姜和石榴皮，例如，乌梅、党参、诃子、白术、雄黄、生姜和石榴皮的质量比为1∶0.3∶4.5∶3.2∶2.3∶6.6∶7.8，用于在降低腹泻的概率的效果上，尤其是对刚出生的猪仔的腹泻效果极好，极大地降低了养殖所需的人力资源，特别适合大规模少人员饲养。
需要特别强调的是，为了进一步提高发酵豆粕对喂养对象，如提高仔猪的生长发育程度、增强抗病力和生殖功能，例如，所述可饲用中药植物为松针粉；又如，基于上述任一实施例所述的可饲用中药植物的成分和配比的基础上，还包括松针粉，如此，可以为了进一步提高发酵豆粕对喂养对象，如提高仔猪的生长发育程度、增强抗病力和生殖功能。
例如，所述松针粉为从松树上修剪下来的幼嫩枝条和针叶收集起来，经过干燥、粉碎而成。
为了提高对豆粕混合物的发酵效果，得到品质更高，保健和营养效果更好 地的所述发酵豆粕，例如，在步骤S30中，引入发酵菌进行发酵操作；又如，所述发酵菌包括乳酸菌，酵母菌和枯草芽孢杆菌中的至少一种，即包括如上菌种的一种或几种菌的组合进行发酵操作，这样，能够提高对豆粕混合物的发酵效果，得到品质更高，保健和营养效果更好地的所述发酵豆粕，所述发酵豆粕具有较浓郁的酒香味，带酸味，pH值为4.5～5.0，VBN(挥发性盐基氮)小于50mg/kg，小肽转化率在10％以上。
尤其需要指出的是，通过所述豆粕混合物中加入可饲用中药植物，能够使产生的所述发酵豆粕产生更多的益生菌、寡肽、谷氨酸、乳酸、维生素、UGF(未知生长因子)等活性物质，更有利于喂养对象的快速且健康地成长。
进一步的，在25℃～35℃的发酵温度下，还接种5％～14％的植物乳杆菌或干酪乳杆菌，即还包括5％～14％的植物乳杆菌对发酵效果具有显著的提高；又如，在35℃～40℃的发酵温度下，还接种8％的植物乳杆菌，即还包括8％的植物乳杆菌，对发酵效果具有显著的提高。
进一步的，为了在发酵时，进一步降低有害物质的产生，尤其是降低VBN(挥发性盐基氮)，如抑制亚硝酸盐的产生，例如，豆粕混合物还包括如下组分：维生素C、茶多酚、枸橼酸、葡萄糖和绿茶粉，如此，在发酵时，进一步降低有害物质的产生，尤其是降低VBN(挥发性盐基氮)，如抑制亚硝酸盐的产生。
为了提高所述豆粕混合物的品质，用于制备得到更高品质的发酵豆粕，例如，所述豆粕包括一浸豆粕和二浸豆粕，两者的质量比为1∶0.15，这样，能够提高所述豆粕混合物的品质，用于制备得到更高品质的发酵豆粕。
采用上述任一实施例所述的发酵豆粕的制备方法制备得到的发酵豆粕相对于传统饲料或传统饲料与抗生素的结合，具有如下优点：采用可饲用中药植物与豆粕相结合的发酵方式进行发酵，发酵豆粕内部含有多种改善肠道环境的中药成分和多种益生菌的提高豆粕的适口性，增加采食量，经发酵后中药，其成分释放更完全；此外，所述发酵豆粕能够显著地降低喂养对象，如仔猪腹泻的发生机率，且无毒副作用、无污染、无残留、不产生耐药性，既避免了单纯发酵豆粕的低利润问题，也降低了完全发酵可饲用中药植物的技术难度。
又一个例子是，一种发酵豆粕，采用如上述任一实施例所述的发酵豆粕的 制备方法制备得到。
为了进一步介绍所述发酵豆粕的制备方法，提供一具体实施例，详见如下：
(1)将金银花、鱼腥草等可饲用中药植物进行超微粉碎，得到金银花、鱼腥草等可饲用中药植物粉。
(2)将步骤(1)得到的金银花、鱼腥草等可饲用中药植物按照0-5％、玉米浆粉或糖蜜0～5％、水25～35％均匀混合，再与95～100％的豆粕混匀，得到豆粕混合物。
(3)将步骤(2)中得到的豆粕混合物直接装填在博善发酵桶中密封后，发酵；在25～40℃的条件下发酵不少于5～7天。
(4)、将步骤(3)中发酵好的发酵豆粕在70℃条件下烘干至水分含量为10～18％，粉碎后，产品颗粒保持在1～1.5mm，包装。
其中，步骤(1)中所述的豆粕原料占比达于95％，可饲用中药植物占比为0-5％。
其中，可饲用中药植物添加剂是目录许可，其中可饲用中药植物包括八角茴香、鱼腥草、白扁豆、白芍、川芎、杜仲、干姜、花椒、厚朴、藿香、金银花、蒲公英、山药、酸枣仁等其中一种或多种组成，如，还包括杜仲叶、淡竹叶、茯苓、金银花、马齿苋、的蒲公英、的甘草、橘皮和红三叶草组成。
其中，可饲用中药植物粉碎20目后与豆粕混合，得到豆粕混合物。
其中，发酵豆粕的干燥、粉碎、包装：将发酵豆粕于干燥机内温度70℃烘干，用粉碎机粉碎，检验后包装。
其中，乳酸，酵母和枯草芽孢杆菌一种或几种菌组合发酵。
制备得到发酵豆粕具有较浓郁的酒香味，带酸味；pH值为4.5～5.0，VBN小于50mg/kg，小肽转化率在10％以上。
将上述具体实施例制备得到的发酵豆粕进行饲喂试验：
在传统饲料中添加所述发酵豆粕，研究其对断奶仔猪采食量、增重、饲料利用率及健康状况影响。试验组和对照组各3栏，每栏15头25日龄断奶仔猪。观察饲料中添加抗腹泻型发酵豆粕对提高仔猪采食量、增重，改善饲料利用率，降低腹泻的效果。实验结果：经过长期喂养后，仔猪采食量、增重和饲料利用 率均优于传统饲料的喂养效果，且腹泻概率明显降低。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各块技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施方式仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种发酵豆粕的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    步骤S10：将可饲用中药植物进行粉碎处理，得到可饲用中药植物粉体；
    步骤S20：将所述可饲用中药植物粉体、豆粕、含糖物质及水按预设质量比例进行混合，得到豆粕混合物；
    步骤S30：将所述豆粕混合物进行发酵操作，得到所述发酵豆粕。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的发酵豆粕的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤S10中，所述可饲用中药植物包括金银花和鱼腥草中的至少一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的发酵豆粕的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤S10中，采用超微粉碎方式将可饲用中药植物进行粉碎处理。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的发酵豆粕的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤S10中，所述可饲用中药植物粉体的粒径为20目～40目。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的发酵豆粕的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤S20中，所述含糖物质包括玉米浆粉和蜂蜜中的至少一种。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的发酵豆粕的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤S20中，所述预设质量比例为(0.1～5)∶(95～100)∶(0.1～5)∶(25～35)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的发酵豆粕的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤S30中，所述发酵操作在25℃～40℃的条件下进行。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的发酵豆粕的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤S30中，在25℃～35℃的温度条件下，并且密封进行发酵操作。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的发酵豆粕的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤S30之后，还包括如下步骤∶
    对所述发酵豆粕依次进行干燥、粉碎和包装操作。
  10. 一种发酵豆粕，采用如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的发酵豆粕的制备方法制备得到。
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